cmd/geth, node, rpc: implement jwt tokens (#24364)

* rpc, node: refactor request validation and add jwt validation

* node, rpc: fix error message, ignore engine api in RegisterAPIs

* node: make authenticated port configurable

* eth/catalyst: enable unauthenticated version of engine api

* node: rework obtainjwtsecret (backport later)

* cmd/geth: added auth port flag

* node: happy lint, happy life

* node: refactor authenticated api

Modifies the authentication mechanism to use default values

* node: trim spaces and newline away from secret

Co-authored-by: Marius van der Wijden <m.vanderwijden@live.de>

rpc/websocket_test.go

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ func TestWebsocketOriginCheck(t *testing.T) {
 	// Connections without origin header should work.
 	client, err = DialWebsocket(context.Background(), wsURL, "")
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal("error for empty origin")
+		t.Fatalf("error for empty origin: %v", err)
 	}
 	client.Close()
 }