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trie: extend range proofs with non-existence (#21000)

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* trie: implement range proof with non-existent edge proof

* trie: fix cornercase

* trie: consider empty range

* trie: add singleSide test

* trie: support all-elements range proof

* trie: fix typo

* trie: tiny typos and formulations

Co-authored-by: Péter Szilágyi <peterke@gmail.com>
This commit is contained in:
gary rong
2020-05-20 20:45:38 +08:00
committed by GitHub
parent 0a99efa61f
commit 65ce550b37
3 changed files with 494 additions and 95 deletions
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372
trie/proof_test.go
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@ -98,12 +98,65 @@ func TestOneElementProof(t *testing.T) {
}
}
func TestBadProof(t *testing.T) {
trie, vals := randomTrie(800)
root := trie.Hash()
for i, prover := range makeProvers(trie) {
for _, kv := range vals {
proof := prover(kv.k)
if proof == nil {
t.Fatalf("prover %d: nil proof", i)
}
it := proof.NewIterator(nil, nil)
for i, d := 0, mrand.Intn(proof.Len()); i <= d; i++ {
it.Next()
}
key := it.Key()
val, _ := proof.Get(key)
proof.Delete(key)
it.Release()
mutateByte(val)
proof.Put(crypto.Keccak256(val), val)
if _, err := VerifyProof(root, kv.k, proof); err == nil {
t.Fatalf("prover %d: expected proof to fail for key %x", i, kv.k)
}
}
}
}
// Tests that missing keys can also be proven. The test explicitly uses a single
// entry trie and checks for missing keys both before and after the single entry.
func TestMissingKeyProof(t *testing.T) {
trie := new(Trie)
updateString(trie, "k", "v")
for i, key := range []string{"a", "j", "l", "z"} {
proof := memorydb.New()
trie.Prove([]byte(key), 0, proof)
if proof.Len() != 1 {
t.Errorf("test %d: proof should have one element", i)
}
val, err := VerifyProof(trie.Hash(), []byte(key), proof)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("test %d: failed to verify proof: %v\nraw proof: %x", i, err, proof)
}
if val != nil {
t.Fatalf("test %d: verified value mismatch: have %x, want nil", i, val)
}
}
}
type entrySlice []*kv
func (p entrySlice) Len() int { return len(p) }
func (p entrySlice) Less(i, j int) bool { return bytes.Compare(p[i].k, p[j].k) < 0 }
func (p entrySlice) Swap(i, j int) { p[i], p[j] = p[j], p[i] }
// TestRangeProof tests normal range proof with both edge proofs
// as the existent proof. The test cases are generated randomly.
func TestRangeProof(t *testing.T) {
trie, vals := randomTrie(4096)
var entries entrySlice
@ -130,13 +183,253 @@ func TestRangeProof(t *testing.T) {
keys = append(keys, entries[i].k)
vals = append(vals, entries[i].v)
}
err := VerifyRangeProof(trie.Hash(), keys, vals, firstProof, lastProof)
err := VerifyRangeProof(trie.Hash(), keys[0], keys, vals, firstProof, lastProof)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Case %d(%d->%d) expect no error, got %v", i, start, end-1, err)
}
}
}
// TestRangeProof tests normal range proof with the first edge proof
// as the non-existent proof. The test cases are generated randomly.
func TestRangeProofWithNonExistentProof(t *testing.T) {
trie, vals := randomTrie(4096)
var entries entrySlice
for _, kv := range vals {
entries = append(entries, kv)
}
sort.Sort(entries)
for i := 0; i < 500; i++ {
start := mrand.Intn(len(entries))
end := mrand.Intn(len(entries)-start) + start
if start == end {
continue
}
firstProof, lastProof := memorydb.New(), memorydb.New()
first := decreseKey(common.CopyBytes(entries[start].k))
if start != 0 && bytes.Equal(first, entries[start-1].k) {
continue
}
if err := trie.Prove(first, 0, firstProof); err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Failed to prove the first node %v", err)
}
if err := trie.Prove(entries[end-1].k, 0, lastProof); err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Failed to prove the last node %v", err)
}
var keys [][]byte
var vals [][]byte
for i := start; i < end; i++ {
keys = append(keys, entries[i].k)
vals = append(vals, entries[i].v)
}
err := VerifyRangeProof(trie.Hash(), first, keys, vals, firstProof, lastProof)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Case %d(%d->%d) expect no error, got %v", i, start, end-1, err)
}
}
}
// TestRangeProofWithInvalidNonExistentProof tests such scenarios:
// - The last edge proof is an non-existent proof
// - There exists a gap between the first element and the left edge proof
func TestRangeProofWithInvalidNonExistentProof(t *testing.T) {
trie, vals := randomTrie(4096)
var entries entrySlice
for _, kv := range vals {
entries = append(entries, kv)
}
sort.Sort(entries)
// Case 1
start, end := 100, 200
first, last := decreseKey(common.CopyBytes(entries[start].k)), increseKey(common.CopyBytes(entries[end].k))
firstProof, lastProof := memorydb.New(), memorydb.New()
if err := trie.Prove(first, 0, firstProof); err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Failed to prove the first node %v", err)
}
if err := trie.Prove(last, 0, lastProof); err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Failed to prove the last node %v", err)
}
var k [][]byte
var v [][]byte
for i := start; i < end; i++ {
k = append(k, entries[i].k)
v = append(v, entries[i].v)
}
err := VerifyRangeProof(trie.Hash(), first, k, v, firstProof, lastProof)
if err == nil {
t.Fatalf("Expected to detect the error, got nil")
}
// Case 2
start, end = 100, 200
first = decreseKey(common.CopyBytes(entries[start].k))
firstProof, lastProof = memorydb.New(), memorydb.New()
if err := trie.Prove(first, 0, firstProof); err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Failed to prove the first node %v", err)
}
if err := trie.Prove(entries[end-1].k, 0, lastProof); err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Failed to prove the last node %v", err)
}
start = 105 // Gap created
k = make([][]byte, 0)
v = make([][]byte, 0)
for i := start; i < end; i++ {
k = append(k, entries[i].k)
v = append(v, entries[i].v)
}
err = VerifyRangeProof(trie.Hash(), first, k, v, firstProof, lastProof)
if err == nil {
t.Fatalf("Expected to detect the error, got nil")
}
}
// TestOneElementRangeProof tests the proof with only one
// element. The first edge proof can be existent one or
// non-existent one.
func TestOneElementRangeProof(t *testing.T) {
trie, vals := randomTrie(4096)
var entries entrySlice
for _, kv := range vals {
entries = append(entries, kv)
}
sort.Sort(entries)
// One element with existent edge proof
start := 1000
firstProof, lastProof := memorydb.New(), memorydb.New()
if err := trie.Prove(entries[start].k, 0, firstProof); err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Failed to prove the first node %v", err)
}
if err := trie.Prove(entries[start].k, 0, lastProof); err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Failed to prove the last node %v", err)
}
err := VerifyRangeProof(trie.Hash(), entries[start].k, [][]byte{entries[start].k}, [][]byte{entries[start].v}, firstProof, lastProof)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Expected no error, got %v", err)
}
// One element with non-existent edge proof
start = 1000
first := decreseKey(common.CopyBytes(entries[start].k))
firstProof, lastProof = memorydb.New(), memorydb.New()
if err := trie.Prove(first, 0, firstProof); err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Failed to prove the first node %v", err)
}
if err := trie.Prove(entries[start].k, 0, lastProof); err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Failed to prove the last node %v", err)
}
err = VerifyRangeProof(trie.Hash(), first, [][]byte{entries[start].k}, [][]byte{entries[start].v}, firstProof, lastProof)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Expected no error, got %v", err)
}
}
// TestEmptyRangeProof tests the range proof with "no" element.
// The first edge proof must be a non-existent proof.
func TestEmptyRangeProof(t *testing.T) {
trie, vals := randomTrie(4096)
var entries entrySlice
for _, kv := range vals {
entries = append(entries, kv)
}
sort.Sort(entries)
var cases = []struct {
pos int
err bool
}{
{len(entries) - 1, false},
{500, true},
}
for _, c := range cases {
firstProof := memorydb.New()
first := increseKey(common.CopyBytes(entries[c.pos].k))
if err := trie.Prove(first, 0, firstProof); err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Failed to prove the first node %v", err)
}
err := VerifyRangeProof(trie.Hash(), first, nil, nil, firstProof, nil)
if c.err && err == nil {
t.Fatalf("Expected error, got nil")
}
if !c.err && err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Expected no error, got %v", err)
}
}
}
// TestAllElementsProof tests the range proof with all elements.
// The edge proofs can be nil.
func TestAllElementsProof(t *testing.T) {
trie, vals := randomTrie(4096)
var entries entrySlice
for _, kv := range vals {
entries = append(entries, kv)
}
sort.Sort(entries)
var k [][]byte
var v [][]byte
for i := 0; i < len(entries); i++ {
k = append(k, entries[i].k)
v = append(v, entries[i].v)
}
err := VerifyRangeProof(trie.Hash(), k[0], k, v, nil, nil)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Expected no error, got %v", err)
}
// Even with edge proofs, it should still work.
firstProof, lastProof := memorydb.New(), memorydb.New()
if err := trie.Prove(entries[0].k, 0, firstProof); err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Failed to prove the first node %v", err)
}
if err := trie.Prove(entries[len(entries)-1].k, 0, lastProof); err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Failed to prove the last node %v", err)
}
err = VerifyRangeProof(trie.Hash(), k[0], k, v, firstProof, lastProof)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Expected no error, got %v", err)
}
}
// TestSingleSideRangeProof tests the range starts from zero.
func TestSingleSideRangeProof(t *testing.T) {
trie := new(Trie)
var entries entrySlice
for i := 0; i < 4096; i++ {
value := &kv{randBytes(32), randBytes(20), false}
trie.Update(value.k, value.v)
entries = append(entries, value)
}
sort.Sort(entries)
var cases = []int{0, 1, 50, 100, 1000, 2000, len(entries) - 1}
for _, pos := range cases {
firstProof, lastProof := memorydb.New(), memorydb.New()
if err := trie.Prove(common.Hash{}.Bytes(), 0, firstProof); err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Failed to prove the first node %v", err)
}
if err := trie.Prove(entries[pos].k, 0, lastProof); err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Failed to prove the first node %v", err)
}
k := make([][]byte, 0)
v := make([][]byte, 0)
for i := 0; i <= pos; i++ {
k = append(k, entries[i].k)
v = append(v, entries[i].v)
}
err := VerifyRangeProof(trie.Hash(), common.Hash{}.Bytes(), k, v, firstProof, lastProof)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("Expected no error, got %v", err)
}
}
}
// TestBadRangeProof tests a few cases which the proof is wrong.
// The prover is expected to detect the error.
func TestBadRangeProof(t *testing.T) {
trie, vals := randomTrie(4096)
var entries entrySlice
@ -208,7 +501,7 @@ func TestBadRangeProof(t *testing.T) {
index = mrand.Intn(end - start)
vals[index] = nil
}
err := VerifyRangeProof(trie.Hash(), keys, vals, firstProof, lastProof)
err := VerifyRangeProof(trie.Hash(), keys[0], keys, vals, firstProof, lastProof)
if err == nil {
t.Fatalf("%d Case %d index %d range: (%d->%d) expect error, got nil", i, testcase, index, start, end-1)
}
@ -242,63 +535,12 @@ func TestGappedRangeProof(t *testing.T) {
keys = append(keys, entries[i].k)
vals = append(vals, entries[i].v)
}
err := VerifyRangeProof(trie.Hash(), keys, vals, firstProof, lastProof)
err := VerifyRangeProof(trie.Hash(), keys[0], keys, vals, firstProof, lastProof)
if err == nil {
t.Fatal("expect error, got nil")
}
}
func TestBadProof(t *testing.T) {
trie, vals := randomTrie(800)
root := trie.Hash()
for i, prover := range makeProvers(trie) {
for _, kv := range vals {
proof := prover(kv.k)
if proof == nil {
t.Fatalf("prover %d: nil proof", i)
}
it := proof.NewIterator(nil, nil)
for i, d := 0, mrand.Intn(proof.Len()); i <= d; i++ {
it.Next()
}
key := it.Key()
val, _ := proof.Get(key)
proof.Delete(key)
it.Release()
mutateByte(val)
proof.Put(crypto.Keccak256(val), val)
if _, err := VerifyProof(root, kv.k, proof); err == nil {
t.Fatalf("prover %d: expected proof to fail for key %x", i, kv.k)
}
}
}
}
// Tests that missing keys can also be proven. The test explicitly uses a single
// entry trie and checks for missing keys both before and after the single entry.
func TestMissingKeyProof(t *testing.T) {
trie := new(Trie)
updateString(trie, "k", "v")
for i, key := range []string{"a", "j", "l", "z"} {
proof := memorydb.New()
trie.Prove([]byte(key), 0, proof)
if proof.Len() != 1 {
t.Errorf("test %d: proof should have one element", i)
}
val, err := VerifyProof(trie.Hash(), []byte(key), proof)
if err != nil {
t.Fatalf("test %d: failed to verify proof: %v\nraw proof: %x", i, err, proof)
}
if val != nil {
t.Fatalf("test %d: verified value mismatch: have %x, want nil", i, val)
}
}
}
// mutateByte changes one byte in b.
func mutateByte(b []byte) {
for r := mrand.Intn(len(b)); ; {
@ -310,6 +552,26 @@ func mutateByte(b []byte) {
}
}
func increseKey(key []byte) []byte {
for i := len(key) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
key[i]++
if key[i] != 0x0 {
break
}
}
return key
}
func decreseKey(key []byte) []byte {
for i := len(key) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
key[i]--
if key[i] != 0xff {
break
}
}
return key
}
func BenchmarkProve(b *testing.B) {
trie, vals := randomTrie(100)
var keys []string
@ -379,7 +641,7 @@ func benchmarkVerifyRangeProof(b *testing.B, size int) {
b.ResetTimer()
for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
err := VerifyRangeProof(trie.Hash(), keys, values, firstProof, lastProof)
err := VerifyRangeProof(trie.Hash(), keys[0], keys, values, firstProof, lastProof)
if err != nil {
b.Fatalf("Case %d(%d->%d) expect no error, got %v", i, start, end-1, err)
}