core/rawdb: freezer batch write (#23462)

This change is a rewrite of the freezer code.

When writing ancient chain data to the freezer, the previous version first encoded each
individual item to a temporary buffer, then wrote the buffer. For small item sizes (for
example, in the block hash freezer table), this strategy causes a lot of system calls for
writing tiny chunks of data. It also allocated a lot of temporary []byte buffers.

In the new version, we instead encode multiple items into a re-useable batch buffer, which
is then written to the file all at once. This avoids performing a system call for every
inserted item.

To make the internal batching work, the ancient database API had to be changed. While
integrating this new API in BlockChain.InsertReceiptChain, additional optimizations were
also added there.

Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

core/rawdb/table.go

@@ -80,10 +80,9 @@ func (t *table) AncientSize(kind string) (uint64, error) {
 	return t.db.AncientSize(kind)
 }
 
-// AppendAncient is a noop passthrough that just forwards the request to the underlying
-// database.
-func (t *table) AppendAncient(number uint64, hash, header, body, receipts, td []byte) error {
-	return t.db.AppendAncient(number, hash, header, body, receipts, td)
+// ModifyAncients runs an ancient write operation on the underlying database.
+func (t *table) ModifyAncients(fn func(ethdb.AncientWriteOp) error) (int64, error) {
+	return t.db.ModifyAncients(fn)
 }
 
 // TruncateAncients is a noop passthrough that just forwards the request to the underlying