core/types: add block location fields to receipt (#17662)

Solves #15210 without changing consensus, in a backwards compatible way,
by adding tx inclusion information to the Receipt struct.

core/blockchain.go

@@ -810,6 +810,11 @@ func SetReceiptsData(config *params.ChainConfig, block *types.Block, receipts ty
 		// The transaction hash can be retrieved from the transaction itself
 		receipts[j].TxHash = transactions[j].Hash()
 
+		// block location fields
+		receipts[j].BlockHash = block.Hash()
+		receipts[j].BlockNumber = block.Number()
+		receipts[j].TransactionIndex = uint(j)
+
 		// The contract address can be derived from the transaction itself
 		if transactions[j].To() == nil {
 			// Deriving the signer is expensive, only do if it's actually needed