core/types: add block location fields to receipt (#17662)

Solves #15210 without changing consensus, in a backwards compatible way,
by adding tx inclusion information to the Receipt struct.

core/state_processor.go

@@ -121,6 +121,9 @@ func ApplyTransaction(config *params.ChainConfig, bc ChainContext, author *commo
 	// Set the receipt logs and create a bloom for filtering
 	receipt.Logs = statedb.GetLogs(tx.Hash())
 	receipt.Bloom = types.CreateBloom(types.Receipts{receipt})
+	receipt.BlockHash = statedb.BlockHash()
+	receipt.BlockNumber = header.Number
+	receipt.TransactionIndex = uint(statedb.TxIndex())
 
 	return receipt, gas, err
 }