all: implement EIP-1559 (#22837)

This is the initial implementation of EIP-1559 in packages core/types and core.
Mining, RPC, etc. will be added in subsequent commits.

Co-authored-by: Marius van der Wijden <m.vanderwijden@live.de>
Co-authored-by: lightclient@protonmail.com <lightclient@protonmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

consensus/misc/eip1559_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+// Copyright 2021 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package misc
+
+import (
+	"math/big"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
+)
+
+// copyConfig does a _shallow_ copy of a given config. Safe to set new values, but
+// do not use e.g. SetInt() on the numbers. For testing only
+func copyConfig(original *params.ChainConfig) *params.ChainConfig {
+	return &params.ChainConfig{
+		ChainID:             original.ChainID,
+		HomesteadBlock:      original.HomesteadBlock,
+		DAOForkBlock:        original.DAOForkBlock,
+		DAOForkSupport:      original.DAOForkSupport,
+		EIP150Block:         original.EIP150Block,
+		EIP150Hash:          original.EIP150Hash,
+		EIP155Block:         original.EIP155Block,
+		EIP158Block:         original.EIP158Block,
+		ByzantiumBlock:      original.ByzantiumBlock,
+		ConstantinopleBlock: original.ConstantinopleBlock,
+		PetersburgBlock:     original.PetersburgBlock,
+		IstanbulBlock:       original.IstanbulBlock,
+		MuirGlacierBlock:    original.MuirGlacierBlock,
+		BerlinBlock:         original.BerlinBlock,
+		LondonBlock:         original.LondonBlock,
+		EWASMBlock:          original.EWASMBlock,
+		CatalystBlock:       original.CatalystBlock,
+		Ethash:              original.Ethash,
+		Clique:              original.Clique,
+	}
+}
+
+func config() *params.ChainConfig {
+	config := copyConfig(params.TestChainConfig)
+	config.LondonBlock = big.NewInt(5)
+	return config
+}
+
+// TestBlockGasLimits tests the gasLimit checks for blocks both across
+// the EIP-1559 boundary and post-1559 blocks
+func TestBlockGasLimits(t *testing.T) {
+	initial := new(big.Int).SetUint64(params.InitialBaseFee)
+
+	for i, tc := range []struct {
+		pGasLimit uint64
+		pNum      int64
+		gasLimit  uint64
+		ok        bool
+	}{
+		// Transitions from non-london to london
+		{10000000, 4, 20000000, true},  // No change
+		{10000000, 4, 20019530, true},  // Upper limit
+		{10000000, 4, 20019531, false}, // Upper +1
+		{10000000, 4, 19980470, true},  // Lower limit
+		{10000000, 4, 19980469, false}, // Lower limit -1
+		// London to London
+		{20000000, 5, 20000000, true},
+		{20000000, 5, 20019530, true},  // Upper limit
+		{20000000, 5, 20019531, false}, // Upper limit +1
+		{20000000, 5, 19980470, true},  // Lower limit
+		{20000000, 5, 19980469, false}, // Lower limit -1
+		{40000000, 5, 40039061, true},  // Upper limit
+		{40000000, 5, 40039062, false}, // Upper limit +1
+		{40000000, 5, 39960939, true},  // lower limit
+		{40000000, 5, 39960938, false}, // Lower limit -1
+	} {
+		parent := &types.Header{
+			GasUsed:  tc.pGasLimit / 2,
+			GasLimit: tc.pGasLimit,
+			BaseFee:  initial,
+			Number:   big.NewInt(tc.pNum),
+		}
+		header := &types.Header{
+			GasUsed:  tc.gasLimit / 2,
+			GasLimit: tc.gasLimit,
+			BaseFee:  initial,
+			Number:   big.NewInt(tc.pNum + 1),
+		}
+		err := VerifyEip1559Header(config(), parent, header)
+		if tc.ok && err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("test %d: Expected valid header: %s", i, err)
+		}
+		if !tc.ok && err == nil {
+			t.Errorf("test %d: Expected invalid header", i)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCalcBaseFee assumes all blocks are 1559-blocks
+func TestCalcBaseFee(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		parentBaseFee   int64
+		parentGasLimit  uint64
+		parentGasUsed   uint64
+		expectedBaseFee int64
+	}{
+		{params.InitialBaseFee, 20000000, 10000000, params.InitialBaseFee}, // usage == target
+		{params.InitialBaseFee, 20000000, 9000000, 987500000},              // usage below target
+		{params.InitialBaseFee, 20000000, 11000000, 1012500000},            // usage above target
+	}
+	for i, test := range tests {
+		parent := &types.Header{
+			Number:   common.Big32,
+			GasLimit: test.parentGasLimit,
+			GasUsed:  test.parentGasUsed,
+			BaseFee:  big.NewInt(test.parentBaseFee),
+		}
+		if have, want := CalcBaseFee(config(), parent), big.NewInt(test.expectedBaseFee); have.Cmp(want) != 0 {
+			t.Errorf("test %d: have %d  want %d, ", i, have, want)
+		}
+	}
+}