all: implement EIP-1559 (#22837)

This is the initial implementation of EIP-1559 in packages core/types and core.
Mining, RPC, etc. will be added in subsequent commits.

Co-authored-by: Marius van der Wijden <m.vanderwijden@live.de>
Co-authored-by: lightclient@protonmail.com <lightclient@protonmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>

core/vm/eips.go

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import (
 
 var activators = map[int]func(*JumpTable){
 	3529: enable3529,
+	3198: enable3198,
 	2929: enable2929,
 	2200: enable2200,
 	1884: enable1884,
@@ -154,3 +155,22 @@ func enable3529(jt *JumpTable) {
 	jt[SSTORE].dynamicGas = gasSStoreEIP3529
 	jt[SELFDESTRUCT].dynamicGas = gasSelfdestructEIP3529
 }
+
+// enable3198 applies EIP-3198 (BASEFEE Opcode)
+// - Adds an opcode that returns the current block's base fee.
+func enable3198(jt *JumpTable) {
+	// New opcode
+	jt[BASEFEE] = &operation{
+		execute:     opBaseFee,
+		constantGas: GasQuickStep,
+		minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
+		maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
+	}
+}
+
+// opBaseFee implements BASEFEE opcode
+func opBaseFee(pc *uint64, interpreter *EVMInterpreter, scope *ScopeContext) ([]byte, error) {
+	baseFee, _ := uint256.FromBig(interpreter.evm.Context.BaseFee)
+	scope.Stack.push(baseFee)
+	return nil, nil
+}