core/evm: RANDOM opcode (EIP-4399) (#24141)

* core: implement eip-4399 random opcode

* core: make vmconfig threadsafe

* core: miner: pass vmConfig by value not reference

* all: enable 4399 by Rules

* core: remove diff (f)

* tests: set proper difficulty (f)

* smaller diff (f)

* eth/catalyst: nit

* core: make RANDOM a pointer which is only set post-merge

* cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool: fix t8n tracing of 4399

* tests: set difficulty

* cmd/evm/internal/t8ntool: check that baserules are london before applying the merge chainrules

core/vm/jump_table.go

@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ var (
 	istanbulInstructionSet         = newIstanbulInstructionSet()
 	berlinInstructionSet           = newBerlinInstructionSet()
 	londonInstructionSet           = newLondonInstructionSet()
+	mergeInstructionSet            = newMergeInstructionSet()
 )
 
 // JumpTable contains the EVM opcodes supported at a given fork.
@@ -77,6 +78,17 @@ func validate(jt JumpTable) JumpTable {
 	return jt
 }
 
+func newMergeInstructionSet() JumpTable {
+	instructionSet := newLondonInstructionSet()
+	instructionSet[RANDOM] = &operation{
+		execute:     opRandom,
+		constantGas: GasQuickStep,
+		minStack:    minStack(0, 1),
+		maxStack:    maxStack(0, 1),
+	}
+	return validate(instructionSet)
+}
+
 // newLondonInstructionSet returns the frontier, homestead, byzantium,
 // contantinople, istanbul, petersburg, berlin and london instructions.
 func newLondonInstructionSet() JumpTable {