core/vm: EIP-2315, JUMPSUB for the EVM (#20619)

* core/vm: implement EIP 2315, subroutines for the EVM

* core/vm: eip 2315 - lintfix + check jump dest validity + check ret stack size constraints

  logger: markdown-friendly traces, validate jumpdest, more testcase, correct opcodes

* core/vm: update subroutines acc to eip: disallow walk-into

* core/vm/eips: gas cost changes for subroutines

* core/vm: update opcodes for EIP-2315

* core/vm: define RETURNSUB as a 'jumping' operation + review concerns

Co-authored-by: Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>

core/vm/errors.go

@@ -23,6 +23,9 @@ import (
 
 // List evm execution errors
 var (
+	// ErrInvalidSubroutineEntry means that a BEGINSUB was reached via iteration,
+	// as opposed to from a JUMPSUB instruction
+	ErrInvalidSubroutineEntry   = errors.New("invalid subroutine entry")
 	ErrOutOfGas                 = errors.New("out of gas")
 	ErrCodeStoreOutOfGas        = errors.New("contract creation code storage out of gas")
 	ErrDepth                    = errors.New("max call depth exceeded")
@@ -34,6 +37,8 @@ var (
 	ErrWriteProtection          = errors.New("write protection")
 	ErrReturnDataOutOfBounds    = errors.New("return data out of bounds")
 	ErrGasUintOverflow          = errors.New("gas uint64 overflow")
+	ErrInvalidRetsub            = errors.New("invalid retsub")
+	ErrReturnStackExceeded      = errors.New("return stack limit reached")
 )
 
 // ErrStackUnderflow wraps an evm error when the items on the stack less