554 lines
22 KiB
Go
554 lines
22 KiB
Go
// Copyright 2019 The go-ethereum Authors
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// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
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//
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// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
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// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
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// (at your option) any later version.
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//
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// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
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//
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// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
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// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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package snapshot
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import (
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"encoding/binary"
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"fmt"
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"math"
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"math/rand"
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"sort"
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"sync"
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"sync/atomic"
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"time"
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"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
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"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rlp"
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"github.com/steakknife/bloomfilter"
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)
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var (
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// aggregatorMemoryLimit is the maximum size of the bottom-most diff layer
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// that aggregates the writes from above until it's flushed into the disk
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// layer.
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//
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// Note, bumping this up might drastically increase the size of the bloom
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// filters that's stored in every diff layer. Don't do that without fully
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// understanding all the implications.
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aggregatorMemoryLimit = uint64(4 * 1024 * 1024)
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// aggregatorItemLimit is an approximate number of items that will end up
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// in the agregator layer before it's flushed out to disk. A plain account
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// weighs around 14B (+hash), a storage slot 32B (+hash), a deleted slot
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// 0B (+hash). Slots are mostly set/unset in lockstep, so thet average at
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// 16B (+hash). All in all, the average entry seems to be 15+32=47B. Use a
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// smaller number to be on the safe side.
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aggregatorItemLimit = aggregatorMemoryLimit / 42
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// bloomTargetError is the target false positive rate when the aggregator
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// layer is at its fullest. The actual value will probably move around up
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// and down from this number, it's mostly a ballpark figure.
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//
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// Note, dropping this down might drastically increase the size of the bloom
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// filters that's stored in every diff layer. Don't do that without fully
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// understanding all the implications.
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bloomTargetError = 0.02
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// bloomSize is the ideal bloom filter size given the maximum number of items
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// it's expected to hold and the target false positive error rate.
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bloomSize = math.Ceil(float64(aggregatorItemLimit) * math.Log(bloomTargetError) / math.Log(1/math.Pow(2, math.Log(2))))
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// bloomFuncs is the ideal number of bits a single entry should set in the
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// bloom filter to keep its size to a minimum (given it's size and maximum
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// entry count).
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bloomFuncs = math.Round((bloomSize / float64(aggregatorItemLimit)) * math.Log(2))
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// the bloom offsets are runtime constants which determines which part of the
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// the account/storage hash the hasher functions looks at, to determine the
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// bloom key for an account/slot. This is randomized at init(), so that the
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// global population of nodes do not all display the exact same behaviour with
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// regards to bloom content
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bloomDestructHasherOffset = 0
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bloomAccountHasherOffset = 0
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bloomStorageHasherOffset = 0
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)
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func init() {
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// Init the bloom offsets in the range [0:24] (requires 8 bytes)
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bloomDestructHasherOffset = rand.Intn(25)
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bloomAccountHasherOffset = rand.Intn(25)
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bloomStorageHasherOffset = rand.Intn(25)
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// The destruct and account blooms must be different, as the storage slots
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// will check for destruction too for every bloom miss. It should not collide
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// with modified accounts.
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for bloomAccountHasherOffset == bloomDestructHasherOffset {
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bloomAccountHasherOffset = rand.Intn(25)
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}
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}
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// diffLayer represents a collection of modifications made to a state snapshot
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// after running a block on top. It contains one sorted list for the account trie
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// and one-one list for each storage tries.
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//
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// The goal of a diff layer is to act as a journal, tracking recent modifications
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// made to the state, that have not yet graduated into a semi-immutable state.
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type diffLayer struct {
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origin *diskLayer // Base disk layer to directly use on bloom misses
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parent snapshot // Parent snapshot modified by this one, never nil
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memory uint64 // Approximate guess as to how much memory we use
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root common.Hash // Root hash to which this snapshot diff belongs to
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stale uint32 // Signals that the layer became stale (state progressed)
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// destructSet is a very special helper marker. If an account is marked as
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// deleted, then it's recorded in this set. However it's allowed that an account
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// is included here but still available in other sets(e.g. storageData). The
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// reason is the diff layer includes all the changes in a *block*. It can
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// happen that in the tx_1, account A is self-destructed while in the tx_2
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// it's recreated. But we still need this marker to indicate the "old" A is
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// deleted, all data in other set belongs to the "new" A.
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destructSet map[common.Hash]struct{} // Keyed markers for deleted (and potentially) recreated accounts
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accountList []common.Hash // List of account for iteration. If it exists, it's sorted, otherwise it's nil
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accountData map[common.Hash][]byte // Keyed accounts for direct retrival (nil means deleted)
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storageList map[common.Hash][]common.Hash // List of storage slots for iterated retrievals, one per account. Any existing lists are sorted if non-nil
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storageData map[common.Hash]map[common.Hash][]byte // Keyed storage slots for direct retrival. one per account (nil means deleted)
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diffed *bloomfilter.Filter // Bloom filter tracking all the diffed items up to the disk layer
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lock sync.RWMutex
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}
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// destructBloomHasher is a wrapper around a common.Hash to satisfy the interface
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// API requirements of the bloom library used. It's used to convert a destruct
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// event into a 64 bit mini hash.
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type destructBloomHasher common.Hash
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func (h destructBloomHasher) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) { panic("not implemented") }
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func (h destructBloomHasher) Sum(b []byte) []byte { panic("not implemented") }
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func (h destructBloomHasher) Reset() { panic("not implemented") }
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func (h destructBloomHasher) BlockSize() int { panic("not implemented") }
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func (h destructBloomHasher) Size() int { return 8 }
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func (h destructBloomHasher) Sum64() uint64 {
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return binary.BigEndian.Uint64(h[bloomDestructHasherOffset : bloomDestructHasherOffset+8])
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}
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// accountBloomHasher is a wrapper around a common.Hash to satisfy the interface
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// API requirements of the bloom library used. It's used to convert an account
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// hash into a 64 bit mini hash.
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type accountBloomHasher common.Hash
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func (h accountBloomHasher) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) { panic("not implemented") }
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func (h accountBloomHasher) Sum(b []byte) []byte { panic("not implemented") }
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func (h accountBloomHasher) Reset() { panic("not implemented") }
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func (h accountBloomHasher) BlockSize() int { panic("not implemented") }
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func (h accountBloomHasher) Size() int { return 8 }
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func (h accountBloomHasher) Sum64() uint64 {
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return binary.BigEndian.Uint64(h[bloomAccountHasherOffset : bloomAccountHasherOffset+8])
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}
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// storageBloomHasher is a wrapper around a [2]common.Hash to satisfy the interface
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// API requirements of the bloom library used. It's used to convert an account
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// hash into a 64 bit mini hash.
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type storageBloomHasher [2]common.Hash
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func (h storageBloomHasher) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) { panic("not implemented") }
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func (h storageBloomHasher) Sum(b []byte) []byte { panic("not implemented") }
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func (h storageBloomHasher) Reset() { panic("not implemented") }
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func (h storageBloomHasher) BlockSize() int { panic("not implemented") }
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func (h storageBloomHasher) Size() int { return 8 }
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func (h storageBloomHasher) Sum64() uint64 {
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return binary.BigEndian.Uint64(h[0][bloomStorageHasherOffset:bloomStorageHasherOffset+8]) ^
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binary.BigEndian.Uint64(h[1][bloomStorageHasherOffset:bloomStorageHasherOffset+8])
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}
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// newDiffLayer creates a new diff on top of an existing snapshot, whether that's a low
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// level persistent database or a hierarchical diff already.
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func newDiffLayer(parent snapshot, root common.Hash, destructs map[common.Hash]struct{}, accounts map[common.Hash][]byte, storage map[common.Hash]map[common.Hash][]byte) *diffLayer {
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// Create the new layer with some pre-allocated data segments
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dl := &diffLayer{
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parent: parent,
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root: root,
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destructSet: destructs,
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accountData: accounts,
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storageData: storage,
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storageList: make(map[common.Hash][]common.Hash),
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}
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switch parent := parent.(type) {
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case *diskLayer:
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dl.rebloom(parent)
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case *diffLayer:
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dl.rebloom(parent.origin)
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default:
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panic("unknown parent type")
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}
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// Sanity check that accounts or storage slots are never nil
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for accountHash, blob := range accounts {
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if blob == nil {
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panic(fmt.Sprintf("account %#x nil", accountHash))
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}
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}
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for accountHash, slots := range storage {
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if slots == nil {
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panic(fmt.Sprintf("storage %#x nil", accountHash))
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}
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}
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// Determine memory size and track the dirty writes
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for _, data := range accounts {
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dl.memory += uint64(common.HashLength + len(data))
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snapshotDirtyAccountWriteMeter.Mark(int64(len(data)))
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}
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// Determine memory size and track the dirty writes
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for _, slots := range storage {
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for _, data := range slots {
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dl.memory += uint64(common.HashLength + len(data))
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snapshotDirtyStorageWriteMeter.Mark(int64(len(data)))
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}
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}
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dl.memory += uint64(len(destructs) * common.HashLength)
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return dl
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}
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// rebloom discards the layer's current bloom and rebuilds it from scratch based
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// on the parent's and the local diffs.
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func (dl *diffLayer) rebloom(origin *diskLayer) {
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dl.lock.Lock()
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defer dl.lock.Unlock()
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defer func(start time.Time) {
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snapshotBloomIndexTimer.Update(time.Since(start))
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}(time.Now())
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// Inject the new origin that triggered the rebloom
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dl.origin = origin
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// Retrieve the parent bloom or create a fresh empty one
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if parent, ok := dl.parent.(*diffLayer); ok {
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parent.lock.RLock()
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dl.diffed, _ = parent.diffed.Copy()
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parent.lock.RUnlock()
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} else {
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dl.diffed, _ = bloomfilter.New(uint64(bloomSize), uint64(bloomFuncs))
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}
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// Iterate over all the accounts and storage slots and index them
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for hash := range dl.destructSet {
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dl.diffed.Add(destructBloomHasher(hash))
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}
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for hash := range dl.accountData {
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dl.diffed.Add(accountBloomHasher(hash))
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}
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for accountHash, slots := range dl.storageData {
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for storageHash := range slots {
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dl.diffed.Add(storageBloomHasher{accountHash, storageHash})
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}
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}
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// Calculate the current false positive rate and update the error rate meter.
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// This is a bit cheating because subsequent layers will overwrite it, but it
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// should be fine, we're only interested in ballpark figures.
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k := float64(dl.diffed.K())
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n := float64(dl.diffed.N())
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m := float64(dl.diffed.M())
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snapshotBloomErrorGauge.Update(math.Pow(1.0-math.Exp((-k)*(n+0.5)/(m-1)), k))
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}
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// Root returns the root hash for which this snapshot was made.
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func (dl *diffLayer) Root() common.Hash {
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return dl.root
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}
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// Parent returns the subsequent layer of a diff layer.
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func (dl *diffLayer) Parent() snapshot {
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return dl.parent
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}
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// Stale return whether this layer has become stale (was flattened across) or if
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// it's still live.
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func (dl *diffLayer) Stale() bool {
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return atomic.LoadUint32(&dl.stale) != 0
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}
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// Account directly retrieves the account associated with a particular hash in
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// the snapshot slim data format.
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func (dl *diffLayer) Account(hash common.Hash) (*Account, error) {
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data, err := dl.AccountRLP(hash)
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if err != nil {
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return nil, err
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}
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if len(data) == 0 { // can be both nil and []byte{}
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return nil, nil
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}
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account := new(Account)
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if err := rlp.DecodeBytes(data, account); err != nil {
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panic(err)
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}
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return account, nil
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}
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// AccountRLP directly retrieves the account RLP associated with a particular
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// hash in the snapshot slim data format.
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//
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// Note the returned account is not a copy, please don't modify it.
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func (dl *diffLayer) AccountRLP(hash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
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// Check the bloom filter first whether there's even a point in reaching into
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// all the maps in all the layers below
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dl.lock.RLock()
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hit := dl.diffed.Contains(accountBloomHasher(hash))
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if !hit {
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hit = dl.diffed.Contains(destructBloomHasher(hash))
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}
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dl.lock.RUnlock()
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// If the bloom filter misses, don't even bother with traversing the memory
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// diff layers, reach straight into the bottom persistent disk layer
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if !hit {
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snapshotBloomAccountMissMeter.Mark(1)
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return dl.origin.AccountRLP(hash)
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}
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// The bloom filter hit, start poking in the internal maps
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return dl.accountRLP(hash, 0)
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}
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// accountRLP is an internal version of AccountRLP that skips the bloom filter
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// checks and uses the internal maps to try and retrieve the data. It's meant
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// to be used if a higher layer's bloom filter hit already.
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func (dl *diffLayer) accountRLP(hash common.Hash, depth int) ([]byte, error) {
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dl.lock.RLock()
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defer dl.lock.RUnlock()
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// If the layer was flattened into, consider it invalid (any live reference to
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// the original should be marked as unusable).
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if dl.Stale() {
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return nil, ErrSnapshotStale
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}
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// If the account is known locally, return it
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if data, ok := dl.accountData[hash]; ok {
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snapshotDirtyAccountHitMeter.Mark(1)
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snapshotDirtyAccountHitDepthHist.Update(int64(depth))
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snapshotDirtyAccountReadMeter.Mark(int64(len(data)))
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snapshotBloomAccountTrueHitMeter.Mark(1)
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return data, nil
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}
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// If the account is known locally, but deleted, return it
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if _, ok := dl.destructSet[hash]; ok {
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snapshotDirtyAccountHitMeter.Mark(1)
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snapshotDirtyAccountHitDepthHist.Update(int64(depth))
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snapshotDirtyAccountInexMeter.Mark(1)
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snapshotBloomAccountTrueHitMeter.Mark(1)
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return nil, nil
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}
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// Account unknown to this diff, resolve from parent
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if diff, ok := dl.parent.(*diffLayer); ok {
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return diff.accountRLP(hash, depth+1)
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}
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// Failed to resolve through diff layers, mark a bloom error and use the disk
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snapshotBloomAccountFalseHitMeter.Mark(1)
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return dl.parent.AccountRLP(hash)
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}
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// Storage directly retrieves the storage data associated with a particular hash,
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// within a particular account. If the slot is unknown to this diff, it's parent
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// is consulted.
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//
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// Note the returned slot is not a copy, please don't modify it.
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func (dl *diffLayer) Storage(accountHash, storageHash common.Hash) ([]byte, error) {
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// Check the bloom filter first whether there's even a point in reaching into
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// all the maps in all the layers below
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dl.lock.RLock()
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hit := dl.diffed.Contains(storageBloomHasher{accountHash, storageHash})
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if !hit {
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hit = dl.diffed.Contains(destructBloomHasher(accountHash))
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}
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dl.lock.RUnlock()
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// If the bloom filter misses, don't even bother with traversing the memory
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// diff layers, reach straight into the bottom persistent disk layer
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if !hit {
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snapshotBloomStorageMissMeter.Mark(1)
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return dl.origin.Storage(accountHash, storageHash)
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}
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// The bloom filter hit, start poking in the internal maps
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return dl.storage(accountHash, storageHash, 0)
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}
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// storage is an internal version of Storage that skips the bloom filter checks
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// and uses the internal maps to try and retrieve the data. It's meant to be
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// used if a higher layer's bloom filter hit already.
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func (dl *diffLayer) storage(accountHash, storageHash common.Hash, depth int) ([]byte, error) {
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dl.lock.RLock()
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defer dl.lock.RUnlock()
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// If the layer was flattened into, consider it invalid (any live reference to
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// the original should be marked as unusable).
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if dl.Stale() {
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return nil, ErrSnapshotStale
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}
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// If the account is known locally, try to resolve the slot locally
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if storage, ok := dl.storageData[accountHash]; ok {
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if data, ok := storage[storageHash]; ok {
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snapshotDirtyStorageHitMeter.Mark(1)
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snapshotDirtyStorageHitDepthHist.Update(int64(depth))
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if n := len(data); n > 0 {
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snapshotDirtyStorageReadMeter.Mark(int64(n))
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} else {
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snapshotDirtyStorageInexMeter.Mark(1)
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}
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snapshotBloomStorageTrueHitMeter.Mark(1)
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return data, nil
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}
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}
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// If the account is known locally, but deleted, return an empty slot
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if _, ok := dl.destructSet[accountHash]; ok {
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snapshotDirtyStorageHitMeter.Mark(1)
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snapshotDirtyStorageHitDepthHist.Update(int64(depth))
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snapshotDirtyStorageInexMeter.Mark(1)
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snapshotBloomStorageTrueHitMeter.Mark(1)
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return nil, nil
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}
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// Storage slot unknown to this diff, resolve from parent
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if diff, ok := dl.parent.(*diffLayer); ok {
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return diff.storage(accountHash, storageHash, depth+1)
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}
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// Failed to resolve through diff layers, mark a bloom error and use the disk
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snapshotBloomStorageFalseHitMeter.Mark(1)
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return dl.parent.Storage(accountHash, storageHash)
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}
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// Update creates a new layer on top of the existing snapshot diff tree with
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// the specified data items.
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func (dl *diffLayer) Update(blockRoot common.Hash, destructs map[common.Hash]struct{}, accounts map[common.Hash][]byte, storage map[common.Hash]map[common.Hash][]byte) *diffLayer {
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return newDiffLayer(dl, blockRoot, destructs, accounts, storage)
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}
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// flatten pushes all data from this point downwards, flattening everything into
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// a single diff at the bottom. Since usually the lowermost diff is the largest,
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// the flattening builds up from there in reverse.
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func (dl *diffLayer) flatten() snapshot {
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// If the parent is not diff, we're the first in line, return unmodified
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parent, ok := dl.parent.(*diffLayer)
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if !ok {
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return dl
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}
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// Parent is a diff, flatten it first (note, apart from weird corned cases,
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// flatten will realistically only ever merge 1 layer, so there's no need to
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// be smarter about grouping flattens together).
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parent = parent.flatten().(*diffLayer)
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parent.lock.Lock()
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defer parent.lock.Unlock()
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// Before actually writing all our data to the parent, first ensure that the
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// parent hasn't been 'corrupted' by someone else already flattening into it
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if atomic.SwapUint32(&parent.stale, 1) != 0 {
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panic("parent diff layer is stale") // we've flattened into the same parent from two children, boo
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|
}
|
|
// Overwrite all the updated accounts blindly, merge the sorted list
|
|
for hash := range dl.destructSet {
|
|
parent.destructSet[hash] = struct{}{}
|
|
delete(parent.accountData, hash)
|
|
delete(parent.storageData, hash)
|
|
}
|
|
for hash, data := range dl.accountData {
|
|
parent.accountData[hash] = data
|
|
}
|
|
// Overwrite all the updated storage slots (individually)
|
|
for accountHash, storage := range dl.storageData {
|
|
// If storage didn't exist (or was deleted) in the parent, overwrite blindly
|
|
if _, ok := parent.storageData[accountHash]; !ok {
|
|
parent.storageData[accountHash] = storage
|
|
continue
|
|
}
|
|
// Storage exists in both parent and child, merge the slots
|
|
comboData := parent.storageData[accountHash]
|
|
for storageHash, data := range storage {
|
|
comboData[storageHash] = data
|
|
}
|
|
parent.storageData[accountHash] = comboData
|
|
}
|
|
// Return the combo parent
|
|
return &diffLayer{
|
|
parent: parent.parent,
|
|
origin: parent.origin,
|
|
root: dl.root,
|
|
destructSet: parent.destructSet,
|
|
accountData: parent.accountData,
|
|
storageData: parent.storageData,
|
|
storageList: make(map[common.Hash][]common.Hash),
|
|
diffed: dl.diffed,
|
|
memory: parent.memory + dl.memory,
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// AccountList returns a sorted list of all accounts in this difflayer, including
|
|
// the deleted ones.
|
|
//
|
|
// Note, the returned slice is not a copy, so do not modify it.
|
|
func (dl *diffLayer) AccountList() []common.Hash {
|
|
// If an old list already exists, return it
|
|
dl.lock.RLock()
|
|
list := dl.accountList
|
|
dl.lock.RUnlock()
|
|
|
|
if list != nil {
|
|
return list
|
|
}
|
|
// No old sorted account list exists, generate a new one
|
|
dl.lock.Lock()
|
|
defer dl.lock.Unlock()
|
|
|
|
dl.accountList = make([]common.Hash, 0, len(dl.destructSet)+len(dl.accountData))
|
|
for hash := range dl.accountData {
|
|
dl.accountList = append(dl.accountList, hash)
|
|
}
|
|
for hash := range dl.destructSet {
|
|
if _, ok := dl.accountData[hash]; !ok {
|
|
dl.accountList = append(dl.accountList, hash)
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
sort.Sort(hashes(dl.accountList))
|
|
dl.memory += uint64(len(dl.accountList) * common.HashLength)
|
|
return dl.accountList
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
// StorageList returns a sorted list of all storage slot hashes in this difflayer
|
|
// for the given account. If the whole storage is destructed in this layer, then
|
|
// an additional flag *destructed = true* will be returned, otherwise the flag is
|
|
// false. Besides, the returned list will include the hash of deleted storage slot.
|
|
// Note a special case is an account is deleted in a prior tx but is recreated in
|
|
// the following tx with some storage slots set. In this case the returned list is
|
|
// not empty but the flag is true.
|
|
//
|
|
// Note, the returned slice is not a copy, so do not modify it.
|
|
func (dl *diffLayer) StorageList(accountHash common.Hash) ([]common.Hash, bool) {
|
|
dl.lock.RLock()
|
|
_, destructed := dl.destructSet[accountHash]
|
|
if _, ok := dl.storageData[accountHash]; !ok {
|
|
// Account not tracked by this layer
|
|
dl.lock.RUnlock()
|
|
return nil, destructed
|
|
}
|
|
// If an old list already exists, return it
|
|
if list, exist := dl.storageList[accountHash]; exist {
|
|
dl.lock.RUnlock()
|
|
return list, destructed // the cached list can't be nil
|
|
}
|
|
dl.lock.RUnlock()
|
|
|
|
// No old sorted account list exists, generate a new one
|
|
dl.lock.Lock()
|
|
defer dl.lock.Unlock()
|
|
|
|
storageMap := dl.storageData[accountHash]
|
|
storageList := make([]common.Hash, 0, len(storageMap))
|
|
for k := range storageMap {
|
|
storageList = append(storageList, k)
|
|
}
|
|
sort.Sort(hashes(storageList))
|
|
dl.storageList[accountHash] = storageList
|
|
dl.memory += uint64(len(dl.storageList)*common.HashLength + common.HashLength)
|
|
return storageList, destructed
|
|
}
|