Sharding Pattern (#1056)

* Create sharding module

* Add Unit Tests

* Fix readme hyperlink

* Fix check-style issue

sharding/README.md

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+
+---  
+layout: pattern  
+title: Sharding 
+folder:  sharding  
+permalink: /patterns/sharding/  
+categories: Other  
+tags:  
+ - Java  
+ - Difficulty-Beginner  
+---  
+  
+## Intent  
+Sharding pattern means divide the data store into horizontal partitions or shards. Each shard has the same schema, but holds its own distinct subset of the data. 
+A shard is a data store in its own right (it can contain the data for many entities of different types), running on a server acting as a storage node.
+
+## Applicability  
+This pattern offers the following benefits:
+
+- You can scale the system out by adding further shards running on additional storage nodes.
+- A system can use off the shelf commodity hardware rather than specialized (and expensive) computers for each storage node.
+- You can reduce contention and improved performance by balancing the workload across shards.
+- In the cloud, shards can be located physically close to the users that will access the data.
+
+## Credits  
+  
+* [Cloud Design Patterns: Prescriptive Architecture Guidance for Cloud Applications - Sharding Pattern](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/msp-n-p/dn589797(v=pandp.10)?redirectedfrom=MSDN)