#590 Add explanation for Facade pattern

facade/README.md

@@ -15,7 +15,188 @@ tags:
 Provide a unified interface to a set of interfaces in a subsystem.
 Facade defines a higher-level interface that makes the subsystem easier to use.
 
-![alt text](./etc/facade_1.png "Facade")
+## Explanation
+
+Real world example
+
+> How does a goldmine work? "Well, the miners go down there and dig gold!" you say. That is what you believe because you are using a simple interface that goldmine provides on the outside, internally it has to do a lot of stuff to make it happen. This simple interface to the complex subsystem is a facade.
+
+In plain words
+
+> Facade pattern provides a simplified interface to a complex subsystem.
+
+Wikipedia says
+
+> A facade is an object that provides a simplified interface to a larger body of code, such as a class library.
+
+**Programmatic Example**
+
+Taking our goldmine example from above. Here we have the dwarven mine worker hierarchy
+
+```
+public abstract class DwarvenMineWorker {
+
+  private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DwarvenMineWorker.class);
+
+  public void goToSleep() {
+    LOGGER.info("{} goes to sleep.", name());
+  }
+
+  public void wakeUp() {
+    LOGGER.info("{} wakes up.", name());
+  }
+
+  public void goHome() {
+    LOGGER.info("{} goes home.", name());
+  }
+
+  public void goToMine() {
+    LOGGER.info("{} goes to the mine.", name());
+  }
+
+  private void action(Action action) {
+    switch (action) {
+      case GO_TO_SLEEP:
+        goToSleep();
+        break;
+      case WAKE_UP:
+        wakeUp();
+        break;
+      case GO_HOME:
+        goHome();
+        break;
+      case GO_TO_MINE:
+        goToMine();
+        break;
+      case WORK:
+        work();
+        break;
+      default:
+        LOGGER.info("Undefined action");
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void action(Action... actions) {
+    for (Action action : actions) {
+      action(action);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public abstract void work();
+
+  public abstract String name();
+
+  static enum Action {
+    GO_TO_SLEEP, WAKE_UP, GO_HOME, GO_TO_MINE, WORK
+  }
+}
+
+public class DwarvenTunnelDigger extends DwarvenMineWorker {
+
+  private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DwarvenTunnelDigger.class);
+
+  @Override
+  public void work() {
+    LOGGER.info("{} creates another promising tunnel.", name());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String name() {
+    return "Dwarven tunnel digger";
+  }
+}
+
+public class DwarvenGoldDigger extends DwarvenMineWorker {
+
+  private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DwarvenGoldDigger.class);
+
+  @Override
+  public void work() {
+    LOGGER.info("{} digs for gold.", name());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String name() {
+    return "Dwarf gold digger";
+  }
+}
+
+public class DwarvenCartOperator extends DwarvenMineWorker {
+
+  private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DwarvenCartOperator.class);
+
+  @Override
+  public void work() {
+    LOGGER.info("{} moves gold chunks out of the mine.", name());
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public String name() {
+    return "Dwarf cart operator";
+  }
+}
+
+```
+
+To operate all these goldmine workers we have the facade
+
+```
+public class DwarvenGoldmineFacade {
+
+  private final List<DwarvenMineWorker> workers;
+
+  public DwarvenGoldmineFacade() {
+    workers = new ArrayList<>();
+    workers.add(new DwarvenGoldDigger());
+    workers.add(new DwarvenCartOperator());
+    workers.add(new DwarvenTunnelDigger());
+  }
+
+  public void startNewDay() {
+    makeActions(workers, DwarvenMineWorker.Action.WAKE_UP, DwarvenMineWorker.Action.GO_TO_MINE);
+  }
+
+  public void digOutGold() {
+    makeActions(workers, DwarvenMineWorker.Action.WORK);
+  }
+
+  public void endDay() {
+    makeActions(workers, DwarvenMineWorker.Action.GO_HOME, DwarvenMineWorker.Action.GO_TO_SLEEP);
+  }
+
+  private static void makeActions(Collection<DwarvenMineWorker> workers,
+      DwarvenMineWorker.Action... actions) {
+    for (DwarvenMineWorker worker : workers) {
+      worker.action(actions);
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Now to use the facade
+
+```
+DwarvenGoldmineFacade facade = new DwarvenGoldmineFacade();
+facade.startNewDay();
+// Dwarf gold digger wakes up.
+// Dwarf gold digger goes to the mine.
+// Dwarf cart operator wakes up.
+// Dwarf cart operator goes to the mine.
+// Dwarven tunnel digger wakes up.
+// Dwarven tunnel digger goes to the mine.
+facade.digOutGold();
+// Dwarf gold digger digs for gold.
+// Dwarf cart operator moves gold chunks out of the mine.
+// Dwarven tunnel digger creates another promising tunnel.
+facade.endDay();
+// Dwarf gold digger goes home.
+// Dwarf gold digger goes to sleep.
+// Dwarf cart operator goes home.
+// Dwarf cart operator goes to sleep.
+// Dwarven tunnel digger goes home.
+// Dwarven tunnel digger goes to sleep.
+```
 
 ## Applicability
 Use the Facade pattern when