docs: update .all-contributorsrc [skip ci]

docs: update README.md [skip ci]
2021-10-08 17:35:24 +00:00 · 2021-10-08 17:35:23 +00:00
351 changed files with 6984 additions and 12994 deletions
--- a/.all-contributorsrc
+++ b/.all-contributorsrc
@ -16,17 +16,6 @@
        "content"
      ]
    },
    {
      "login": "ohbus",
      "name": "Subhrodip Mohanta",
      "avatar_url": "https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/13291222?v=4",
      "profile": "http://subho.xyz",
      "contributions": [
        "code",
        "review",
        "maintenance"
      ]
    },
    {
      "login": "amit1307",
      "name": "amit1307",
@ -1136,6 +1125,17 @@
        "ideas"
      ]
    },
    {
      "login": "ohbus",
      "name": "Subhrodip Mohanta",
      "avatar_url": "https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/13291222?v=4",
      "profile": "http://subho.xyz",
      "contributions": [
        "code",
        "review",
        "maintenance"
      ]
    },
    {
      "login": "nahteb",
      "name": "Bethan Palmer",
@ -1613,200 +1613,9 @@
      "contributions": [
        "doc"
      ]
    },
    {
      "login": "muklasr",
      "name": "Muklas Rahmanto",
      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/43443753?v=4",
      "profile": "http://muklasr.medium.com",
      "contributions": [
        "translation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "login": "VxDxK",
      "name": "Vadim",
      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/38704817?v=4",
      "profile": "https://github.com/VxDxK",
      "contributions": [
        "translation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "login": "sims-keshri",
      "name": "Simran Keshri",
      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/62168475?v=4",
      "profile": "https://github.com/sims-keshri",
      "contributions": [
        "code"
      ]
    },
    {
      "login": "JCarlosR",
      "name": "JCarlos",
      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3101238?v=4",
      "profile": "https://programacionymas.com",
      "contributions": [
        "translation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "login": "Dev-AliGhasemi",
      "name": "Ali Ghasemi",
      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/60359433?v=4",
      "profile": "https://www.mrmoshkel.ir",
      "contributions": [
        "code"
      ]
    },
    {
      "login": "carldea",
      "name": "Carl Dea",
      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1594624?v=4",
      "profile": "http://carlfx.wordpress.com",
      "contributions": [
        "code"
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    },
    {
      "login": "Mozartuss",
      "name": "Mozartus",
      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/32893711?v=4",
      "profile": "https://github.com/Mozartuss",
      "contributions": [
        "translation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "login": "ManviGoel26",
      "name": "Manvi Goel",
      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/55682355?v=4",
      "profile": "https://github.com/ManviGoel26",
      "contributions": [
        "doc"
      ]
    },
    {
      "login": "blueberry404",
      "name": "Anum Amin",
      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/39243539?v=4",
      "profile": "https://github.com/blueberry404",
      "contributions": [
        "doc"
      ]
    },
    {
      "login": "uh-zz",
      "name": "Reo Uehara",
      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/47747828?v=4",
      "profile": "https://uh-zz.github.io/blog/",
      "contributions": [
        "translation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "login": "Fiordy",
      "name": "Fiordy",
      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/53420573?v=4",
      "profile": "https://github.com/Fiordy",
      "contributions": [
        "doc"
      ]
    },
    {
      "login": "harshalkh",
      "name": "Harshal",
      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/37841724?v=4",
      "profile": "https://github.com/harshalkh",
      "contributions": [
        "code"
      ]
    },
    {
      "login": "vashisthabhinav",
      "name": "Abhinav Vashisth",
      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/89785800?v=4",
      "profile": "https://www.linkedin.com/in/abhinav-vashisth-06613b208/",
      "contributions": [
        "doc"
      ]
    },
    {
      "login": "Kevinyl3",
      "name": "Kevin",
      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/47126749?v=4",
      "profile": "http://no website",
      "contributions": [
        "review",
        "code"
      ]
    },
    {
      "login": "Shrirang97",
      "name": "Shrirang",
      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/28738668?v=4",
      "profile": "https://github.com/Shrirang97",
      "contributions": [
        "review",
        "code"
      ]
    },
    {
      "login": "interactwithankush",
      "name": "interactwithankush",
      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/18613127?v=4",
      "profile": "https://github.com/interactwithankush",
      "contributions": [
        "code"
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    },
    {
      "login": "yuhangbin",
      "name": "CharlieYu",
      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/17566866?v=4",
      "profile": "https://github.com/yuhangbin",
      "contributions": [
        "code"
      ]
    },
    {
      "login": "Leisterbecker",
      "name": "Leisterbecker",
      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/20650323?v=4",
      "profile": "https://github.com/Leisterbecker",
      "contributions": [
        "code"
      ]
    },
    {
      "login": "castleKing1997",
      "name": "DragonDreamer",
      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/35420129?v=4",
      "profile": "http://rosaecrucis.cn",
      "contributions": [
        "code"
      ]
    },
    {
      "login": "ShivanshCharak",
      "name": "ShivanshCharak",
      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/96943825?v=4",
      "profile": "https://github.com/ShivanshCharak",
      "contributions": [
        "code"
      ]
    },
    {
      "login": "HattoriHenzo",
      "name": "HattoriHenzo",
      "avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5141285?v=4",
      "profile": "https://github.com/HattoriHenzo",
      "contributions": [
        "code"
      ]
    }
  ],
-  "contributorsPerLine": 7,
+  "contributorsPerLine": 4,
  "projectName": "java-design-patterns",
  "projectOwner": "iluwatar",
  "repoType": "github",
--- a/.github/workflows/maven-ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/maven-ci.yml
@ -24,9 +24,6 @@
 # This workflow will build a Java project with Maven
 # For more information see: https://help.github.com/actions/language-and-framework-guides/building-and-testing-java-with-maven
 # We are using two jobs here for testing our code on the latest JDK 11 build as well as a more satble build version of 11.0.3
 # You can see the full discussion here https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pull/1868#issue-1029459688
 name: Java CI
 on:
@ -36,11 +33,10 @@ on:
 jobs:
-  # This Workflow Job will build this project and run Sonar analysis using JDK 11.0.3
+  build:
  build-and-analyze:
    name: Build and Run Sonar analysis on JDK 11.0.3
    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    steps:
    - name: Checkout Code
@ -49,14 +45,12 @@ jobs:
        # Disabling shallow clone for improving relevancy of SonarQube reporting
        fetch-depth: 0
-    - name: Set up JDK 11.0.3
+    - name: Set up JDK 11
      uses: actions/setup-java@v2
      with:
-        java-version: 11.0.3
+        java-version: 11
-        distribution: 'zulu'
+        distribution: 'adopt'
        cache: 'maven'
    # Cache Sonar packages which as used to run anaylysis and collect metrics
    - name: Cache SonarCloud packages
      uses: actions/cache@v2
      with:
@ -64,6 +58,14 @@ jobs:
        key: ${{ runner.os }}-sonar
        restore-keys: ${{ runner.os }}-sonar
    - name: Cache Maven dependencies
      uses: actions/cache@v2
      with:
        path: ~/.m2/repository
        key: ${{ runner.os }}-maven-${{ hashFiles('**/pom.xml') }}
        restore-keys: |
          ${{ runner.os }}-maven-
    # Some tests need screen access
    - name: Install xvfb
      run: sudo apt-get install -y xvfb
@ -74,28 +76,3 @@ jobs:
        # These two env variables are needed for sonar analysis
        GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
        SONAR_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SONAR_TOKEN }}
  # This Workflow Job is going to build the project on the latest stable JDK 11
  build:
    name: Build and Test on JDK 11
    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
    steps:
    - name: Checkout Code
      uses: actions/checkout@v2
    - name: Set up JDK 11 (Latest)
      uses: actions/setup-java@v2
      with:
        java-version: 11
        distribution: 'zulu'
        cache: 'maven'
    # Some tests need screen access
    - name: Install xvfb
      run: sudo apt-get install -y xvfb
    - name: Build with Maven
      run: xvfb-run ./mvnw clean verify
--- a/.github/workflows/maven-pr-builder.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/maven-pr-builder.yml
@ -34,22 +34,25 @@ on:
 jobs:
  build:
    name: Build JDP
    runs-on: ubuntu-20.04
-    strategy:
+
      matrix:
        java-version: [ 11.0.3, 11 ]
    steps:
    - name: Checkout Code
      uses: actions/checkout@v2
-    - name: Set up JDK ${{ matrix.java-version }}
+    - name: Set up JDK 11
      uses: actions/setup-java@v2
      with:
-        java-version: ${{ matrix.java-version }}
+        java-version: 11
-        distribution: 'zulu'
+        distribution: 'adopt'
-        cache: 'maven'
+    
    - name: Cache Maven Dependecies
      uses: actions/cache@v2
      with:
        path: ~/.m2/repository
        key: ${{ runner.os }}-maven-${{ hashFiles('**/pom.xml') }}
        restore-keys: |
          ${{ runner.os }}-maven-
    # Some tests need screen access
    - name: Install xvfb
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ tmp/
 local.properties
 .loadpath
 .recommenders
 .DS_Store
 #######  Java annotation processor (APT) ########
 .factorypath
--- a/.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties
+++ b/.mvn/wrapper/maven-wrapper.properties
@ -1,18 +1,25 @@
-# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+#
-# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+# The MIT License
-# distributed with this work for additional information
+# Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
-# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+#
-# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-# 
+# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-#   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-# 
+# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
+#
-# software distributed under the License is distributed on an
+# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-# "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
+# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-# KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
+#
-# specific language governing permissions and limitations
+# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-# under the License.
+# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-distributionUrl=https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/apache-maven/3.8.4/apache-maven-3.8.4-bin.zip
+# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-wrapperUrl=https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/wrapper/maven-wrapper/3.1.0/maven-wrapper-3.1.0.jar
+# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 # LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 # OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 # THE SOFTWARE.
 #
 distributionUrl=https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/apache-maven/3.6.3/apache-maven-3.6.3-bin.zip
 wrapperUrl=https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/io/takari/maven-wrapper/0.5.6/maven-wrapper-0.5.6.jar
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@ -10,18 +10,18 @@
 [![Coverage](https://sonarcloud.io/api/project_badges/measure?project=iluwatar_java-design-patterns&metric=coverage)](https://sonarcloud.io/dashboard?id=iluwatar_java-design-patterns)
 [![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/iluwatar/java-design-patterns](https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg)](https://gitter.im/iluwatar/java-design-patterns?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
 <!-- ALL-CONTRIBUTORS-BADGE:START - Do not remove or modify this section -->
-[![All Contributors](https://img.shields.io/badge/all_contributors-198-orange.svg?style=flat-square)](#contributors-)
+[![All Contributors](https://img.shields.io/badge/all_contributors-177-orange.svg?style=flat-square)](#contributors-)
 <!-- ALL-CONTRIBUTORS-BADGE:END -->
 <br/>
-Read in different language : [**zh**](localization/zh/README.md), [**ko**](localization/ko/README.md), [**fr**](localization/fr/README.md), [**tr**](localization/tr/README.md), [**ar**](localization/ar/README.md), [**es**](localization/es/README.md), [**pt**](localization/pt/README.md), [**id**](localization/id/README.md), [**ru**](localization/ru/README.md), [**de**](localization/de/README.md), [**ja**](localization/ja/README.md)
+Read in different language : [**zh**](localization/zh/README.md), [**ko**](localization/ko/README.md), [**fr**](localization/fr/README.md), [**tr**](localization/tr/README.md), [**ar**](localization/ar/README.md), [**es**](localization/es/README.md), [**pt**](localization/pt/README.md)
 <br/>
 # Introduction
-Design patterns are the best, formalized practices a programmer can use to
+Design patterns are the best formalized practices a programmer can use to
 solve common problems when designing an application or system.
 Design patterns can speed up the development process by providing tested, proven
@ -34,11 +34,11 @@ are familiar with the patterns.
 # Getting started
 This site showcases Java Design Patterns. The solutions have been developed by
-experienced programmers and architects from the open-source community. The
+experienced programmers and architects from the open source community. The
-patterns can be browsed by their high-level descriptions or by looking at their
+patterns can be browsed by their high level descriptions or by looking at their
-source code. The source code examples are well commented and can be thought of as
+source code. The source code examples are well commented and can be thought as
 programming tutorials on how to implement a specific pattern. We use the most
-popular battle-proven open-source Java technologies.
+popular battle-proven open source Java technologies.
 Before you dive into the material, you should be familiar with various
 [Software Design Principles](https://java-design-patterns.com/principles/).
@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ of the following approaches
 - Using tags such as `Performance`, `Gang of Four` or `Data access`.
 - Using pattern categories, `Creational`, `Behavioral`, and others.
-Hopefully, you find the object-oriented solutions presented on this site useful
+Hopefully you find the object oriented solutions presented on this site useful
-in your architectures and have as much fun learning them as we had while developing them.
+in your architectures and have as much fun learning them as we had developing them.
 # How to contribute
@ -77,26 +77,29 @@ This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.
 <table>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/582346?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ilkka Seppälä</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#projectManagement-iluwatar" title="Project Management">📆</a> <a href="#maintenance-iluwatar" title="Maintenance">🚧</a> <a href="#content-iluwatar" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://subho.xyz"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/13291222?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Subhrodip Mohanta</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ohbus" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Aohbus" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a> <a href="#maintenance-ohbus" title="Maintenance">🚧</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/amit1307"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/23420222?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>amit1307</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=amit1307" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/npathai"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/1792515?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Narendra Pathai</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=npathai" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#ideas-npathai" title="Ideas, Planning, & Feedback">🤔</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Anpathai" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/fluxw42"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/1545460?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Jeroen Meulemeester</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=fluxw42" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://www.joemccarthy.co.uk"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/4526195?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Joseph McCarthy</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=mikulucky" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/thomasoss"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/22516154?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Thomas</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=thomasoss" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://www.joemccarthy.co.uk"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/4526195?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Joseph McCarthy</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=mikulucky" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/thomasoss"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/22516154?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Thomas</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=thomasoss" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/anuragagarwal561994"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6075379?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Anurag Agarwal</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=anuragagarwal561994" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://markusmo3.github.io"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/3317416?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Markus Moser</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#design-markusmo3" title="Design">🎨</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=markusmo3" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#ideas-markusmo3" title="Ideas, Planning, & Feedback">🤔</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://twitter.com/i_sabiq"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/19510920?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Sabiq Ihab</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=isabiq" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://inbravo.github.io"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/5253764?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Amit Dixit</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=inbravo" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/piyushchaudhari04"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/10268029?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Piyush Kailash Chaudhari</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=piyushchaudhari04" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/joshzambales"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/8704552?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>joshzambales</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=joshzambales" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Crossy147"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/7272996?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Kamil Pietruszka</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Crossy147" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Crossy147"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/7272996?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Kamil Pietruszka</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Crossy147" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://cs.joensuu.fi/~zkhayda"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/660742?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Zafar Khaydarov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=zafarella" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=zafarella" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://kemitix.github.io/"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/1147749?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Paul Campbell</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=kemitix" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Argyro-Sioziou"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/22822639?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Argyro Sioziou</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Argyro-Sioziou" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/TylerMcConville"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/4946449?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>TylerMcConville</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=TylerMcConville" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/saksham93"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/37399540?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>saksham93</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=saksham93" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/nikhilbarar"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/37332144?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>nikhilbarar</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=nikhilbarar" title="Code">💻</a></td>
@ -107,32 +110,38 @@ This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/JuhoKang"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/4745294?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Juho Kang</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=JuhoKang" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/dheeraj-mummareddy"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/7002230?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Dheeraj Mummareddy</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=dheeraj-mummareddy" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.bernardosulzbach.com"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/8271090?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Bernardo Sulzbach</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=bernardosulzbach" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/4lexis"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/19871727?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Aleksandar Dudukovic</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=4lexis" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.yusufaytas.com"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/1049483?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Yusuf Aytaş</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=yusufaytas" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://futurehomes.hu"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/1001491?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Mihály Kuprivecz</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=qpi" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/kapinuss"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/17639945?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Stanislav Kapinus</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=kapinuss" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/kapinuss"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/17639945?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Stanislav Kapinus</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=kapinuss" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/gvsharma"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6648152?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>GVSharma</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=gvsharma" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/SrdjanPaunovic"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/22815104?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Srđan Paunović</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=SrdjanPaunovic" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://sideris.xyz/"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/5484694?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Petros G. Sideris</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=sideris" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/pramodgupta3/"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/2184241?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Pramod Gupta</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3AIAmPramod" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://amarnath510.github.io/portfolio"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/4599623?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Amarnath Chandana</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Amarnath510" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Anurag870"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6295975?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Anurag870</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Anurag870" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Anurag870" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://amarnath510.github.io/portfolio"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/4599623?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Amarnath Chandana</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Amarnath510" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Anurag870"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6295975?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Anurag870</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Anurag870" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Anurag870" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://theerroris.me"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/1685953?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Wes Gilleland</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Deathnerd" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Harshrajsinh"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/22811531?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Harshraj Thakor</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Harshrajsinh" title="Code">💻</a></td>
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  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/MaVdbussche"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/26136934?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Martin Vandenbussche</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=MaVdbussche" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://alexsomai.com"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/5720977?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Alexandru Somai</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=alexsomai" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/amogozov"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/7372215?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Artur Mogozov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=amogozov" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/anthonycampbell"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/10249255?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>anthony</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=anthonycampbell" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://ccygnus.com/"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/9342724?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Christian Cygnus</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=christophercolumbusdog" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://ccygnus.com/"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/9342724?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Christian Cygnus</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=christophercolumbusdog" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://about.me/dzmitryh"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/5390492?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Dima Gubin</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=dzmitryh" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/jjjimenez100"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/22243493?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Joshua Jimenez</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=jjjimenez100" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://about.me/kaiwinter"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/110982?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Kai Winter</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=kaiwinter" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
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    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/lbroman"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/86007?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>lbroman</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=lbroman" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://przemeknowak.com"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/3254609?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Przemek</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=pnowy" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/prafful1"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/14350274?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Prafful Agarwal</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-prafful1" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
@ -143,32 +152,38 @@ This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/valdar-hu"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/17962817?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Krisztián Nagy</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=valdar-hu" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.vanogrid.com"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/4307918?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Alexander Ivanov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=vanogrid" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/yosfik"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/4850270?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Yosfik Alqadri</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=yosfik" title="Code">💻</a></td>
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    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/7agustibm"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/8149332?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Agustí Becerra Milà</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=7agustibm" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Juaanma"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/7390500?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Juan Manuel Suárez</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Juaanma" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://www.devsedge.net/"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/9956006?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Luigi Cortese</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=LuigiCortese" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Rzeposlaw"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/18425745?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Katarzyna Rzepecka</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Rzeposlaw" title="Code">💻</a></td>
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    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Rzeposlaw"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/18425745?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Katarzyna Rzepecka</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Rzeposlaw" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://adamski.pro"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6537430?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>adamski.pro</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=akrystian" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/baislsl"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/17060584?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Shengli Bai</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=baislsl" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/besok"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/29834592?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Boris</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=besok" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/dmitraver"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/1798156?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Dmitry Avershin</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=dmitraver" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/fanofxiaofeng"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/3983683?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>靳阳</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=fanofxiaofeng" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/hoangnam2261"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/31692990?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>hoangnam2261</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=hoangnam2261" title="Code">💻</a></td>
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    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/fanofxiaofeng"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/3983683?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>靳阳</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=fanofxiaofeng" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/hoangnam2261"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/31692990?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>hoangnam2261</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=hoangnam2261" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/jarpit96"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/10098713?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Arpit Jain</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=jarpit96" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://joningi.net"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/6115148?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Jón Ingi Sveinbjörnsson</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=joningiwork" title="Code">💻</a></td>
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    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/kirill-vlasov"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/16112495?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Kirill Vlasov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=kirill-vlasov" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://mitchell-irvin.com"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/16233245?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Mitchell Irvin</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=mitchellirvin" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://ranjeet-floyd.github.io"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/1992972?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ranjeet</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ranjeet-floyd" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://alwayswithme.github.io"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/3234786?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>PhoenixYip</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Alwayswithme" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/MSaifAsif"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6280554?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>M Saif Asif</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=MSaifAsif" title="Code">💻</a></td>
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    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/MSaifAsif"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6280554?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>M Saif Asif</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=MSaifAsif" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/kanwarpreet25"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/39183641?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>kanwarpreet25</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=kanwarpreet25" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://leonmak.me"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/13071508?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Leon Mak</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=leonmak" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://www.wramdemark.se"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/7052193?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Per Wramdemark</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=perwramdemark" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/waisuan"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/10975700?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Evan Sia Wai Suan</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=waisuan" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/AnaghaSasikumar"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/42939261?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>AnaghaSasikumar</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=AnaghaSasikumar" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://christofferh.com"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/767643?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Christoffer Hamberg</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=christofferh" title="Code">💻</a></td>
@ -179,32 +194,38 @@ This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/leogtzr"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/1211969?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Leo Gutiérrez Ramírez</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=leogtzr" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/npczwh"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/14066422?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Zhang WH</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=npczwh" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/oconnelc"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/1112973?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Christopher O'Connell</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=oconnelc" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/giorgosmav21"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/22855493?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>George Mavroeidis</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=giorgosmav21" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/hbothra15"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/7418012?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Hemant Bothra</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=hbothra15" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="#design-hbothra15" title="Design">🎨</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.kevinpeters.net/about/"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/12736734?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Kevin Peters</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=igeligel" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://llorllale.github.io/"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/2019896?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>George Aristy</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=llorllale" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://llorllale.github.io/"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/2019896?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>George Aristy</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=llorllale" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/mookkiah"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/8975264?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Mahendran Mookkiah</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=mookkiah" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Azureyjt"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/18476317?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Azureyjt</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Azureyjt" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/vehpsr"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/3133265?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>gans</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=vehpsr" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ThatGuyWithTheHat"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/24470582?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Matt</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-ThatGuyWithTheHat" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/gopinathlangote/"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/10210778?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Gopinath Langote</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=gopinath-langote" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/hoswey"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/3689445?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Hoswey</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=hoswey" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/gopinathlangote/"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/10210778?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Gopinath Langote</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=gopinath-langote" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/hoswey"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/3689445?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Hoswey</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=hoswey" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/amit2103"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/7566692?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Amit Pandey</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=amit2103" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/gwildor28"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/16000365?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>gwildor28</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-gwildor28" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://t.me/paul_docker"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/2404785?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>田浩</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-llitfkitfk" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://twitter.com/StPitsios"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6773603?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Stamatis Pitsios</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=pitsios-s" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/qza"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/233149?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>qza</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=qza" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://tschis.github.io"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/20662669?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Rodolfo Forte</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Tschis" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ankurkaushal"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/2236616?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ankur Kaushal</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ankurkaushal" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ankurkaushal"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/2236616?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ankur Kaushal</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ankurkaushal" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/ovidijus-okinskas/"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/20372387?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ovidijus Okinskas</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=okinskas" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/robertt240"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/9137432?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Robert Kasperczyk</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=robertt240" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/trautonen"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/1641063?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Tapio Rautonen</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=trautonen" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://vk.com/yuri.orlov"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/1595733?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Yuri Orlov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=yorlov" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/varunu28/"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/7676016?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Varun Upadhyay</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=varunu28" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/PalAditya"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/25523604?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Aditya Pal</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=PalAditya" title="Code">💻</a></td>
@ -215,41 +236,50 @@ This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/d4gg4d"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/99457?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Sami Airaksinen</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=d4gg4d" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/vertti"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/557751?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Janne Sinivirta</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=vertti" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Bobo1239"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/2302947?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Boris-Chengbiao Zhou</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Bobo1239" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://jahhein.github.io"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/10779515?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Jacob Hein</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-Jahhein" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/iamrichardjones"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/14842151?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Richard Jones</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-iamrichardjones" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://rachelcarmena.github.io"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/22792183?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Rachel M. Carmena</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-rachelcarmena" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://zd-zero.github.io"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/21978370?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Zaerald Denze Lungos</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-zd-zero" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://zd-zero.github.io"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/21978370?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Zaerald Denze Lungos</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-zd-zero" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://webpro.nl"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/456426?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Lars Kappert</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#content-webpro" title="Content">🖋</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://xiaod.info"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/21277644?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Mike Liu</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-xiaod-dev" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/charlesfinley"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/6307904?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Matt Dolan</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=charlesfinley" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Acharlesfinley" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/MananS77"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/21033516?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Manan</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3AMananS77" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/nishant"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/15331971?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Nishant Arora</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=nishant" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/raja-peeyush-kumar-singh"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/5496024?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Peeyush</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=raja-peeyush-kumar-singh" title="Code">💻</a></td>
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    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/nishant"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/15331971?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Nishant Arora</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=nishant" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/raja-peeyush-kumar-singh"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/5496024?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Peeyush</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=raja-peeyush-kumar-singh" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ravening"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/10645273?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Rakesh</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ravening" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Aravening" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/vINCENT8888801"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/8037883?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Wei Seng</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=vINCENT8888801" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/ashish-trivedi-218379135/"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/23194128?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ashish Trivedi</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ashishtrivedi16" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://rayyounghong.com"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/41055099?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>洪月阳</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=RayYH" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://xdvrx1.github.io/"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/47092464?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>xdvrx1</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Axdvrx1" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a> <a href="#ideas-xdvrx1" title="Ideas, Planning, & Feedback">🤔</a></td>
-    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/nahteb"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/13121570?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Bethan Palmer</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=nahteb" title="Code">💻</a></td>
+    <td align="center"><a href="http://subho.xyz"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/13291222?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Subhrodip Mohanta</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ohbus" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Aohbus" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a> <a href="#maintenance-ohbus" title="Maintenance">🚧</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ToxicDreamz"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/45225562?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Toxic Dreamz</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ToxicDreamz" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/nahteb"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/13121570?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Bethan Palmer</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=nahteb" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ToxicDreamz"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/45225562?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Toxic Dreamz</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ToxicDreamz" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://www.edycutjong.com"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/1098102?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Edy Cu Tjong</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=edycutjong" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/mkrzywanski"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/15279585?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Michał Krzywański</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=mkrzywanski" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.stefan-birkner.de"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/711349?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Stefan Birkner</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=stefanbirkner" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/fedorskvorcov"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/43882212?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Fedor Skvorcov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=fedorskvorcov" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/samilAyoub"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/61546990?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>samilAyoub</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=samilAyoub" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/vdlald"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/29997701?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Vladislav Golubinov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=vdlald" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/swarajsaaj"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/6285049?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Swaraj</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=swarajsaaj" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/swarajsaaj"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/6285049?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Swaraj</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=swarajsaaj" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://christophflick.de"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/4465376?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Christoph Flick</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ChFlick" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Ascenio"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/7662016?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ascênio</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3AAscenio" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/domenico-sibilio/"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/24280982?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Domenico Sibilio</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=dsibilio" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/akashchandwani"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/3483277?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Akash Chandwani</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Aakashchandwani" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://www.linkedin.com/in/manannikov"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/7019769?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Pavlo Manannikov</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=manannikov" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/eimanip"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/20307301?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Eiman</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=eimanip" title="Code">💻</a></td>
@ -260,32 +290,38 @@ This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/gkulkarni2020"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/5161548?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Girish Kulkarni</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=gkulkarni2020" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/omk13"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/59054172?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Omar Karazoun</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=omk13" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/jeff303"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/3521562?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Jeff Evans</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=jeff303" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://viveksb007.github.io"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/12713808?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Vivek Singh</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=viveksb007" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/siavashsoleymani"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/18074419?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>siavash</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=siavashsoleymani" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ruchpeanuts"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/29301900?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>ruchpeanuts</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ruchpeanuts" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/warp125"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/48073115?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>warp125</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-warp125" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/warp125"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/48073115?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>warp125</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-warp125" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://libkhadir.fr"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/45130488?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>KHADIR Tayeb</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-tkhadir" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ignite1771"><img src="https://avatars2.githubusercontent.com/u/59446563?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>ignite1771</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ignite1771" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/demirhalil"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/22895118?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Halil Demir</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-demirhalil" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/rohit10000"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/20845565?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Rohit Singh</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=rohit10000" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/byoungju94"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/42516378?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>byoungju94</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=byoungju94" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/moustafafarhat"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/38836727?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Moustafa Farhat</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-moustafafarhat" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/byoungju94"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/42516378?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>byoungju94</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=byoungju94" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/moustafafarhat"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/38836727?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Moustafa Farhat</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-moustafafarhat" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/richardmr36"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/19147333?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Martel Richard</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=richardmr36" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/va1m"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/17025445?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>va1m</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=va1m" title="Code">💻</a></td>
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    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/noamgrinch"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/31648669?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Noam Greenshtain</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=noamgrinch" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://xuyonghong.cn/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/14086462?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>yonghong Xu</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=qfxl" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/jinisha-vora"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/40777762?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>jinishavora</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Ajinishavora" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=jinishavora" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/eas5"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/50836521?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Elvys Soares</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=eas5" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/zWeBrain"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/46642512?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>zWeBrain</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=zWeBrain" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
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    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/zWeBrain"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/46642512?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>zWeBrain</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=zWeBrain" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://al-assad.github.io/notion/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22493821?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>余林颖</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-Al-assad" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/STudio26"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/6988911?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Alain</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-STudio26" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/DEV-VRUPER"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/30525467?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>VR</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=DEV-VRUPER" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/JackieNim"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/4138836?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>JackieNim</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=JackieNim" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/EdisonE3"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/52118917?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>EdisonE3</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=EdisonE3" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/tao-sun2"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/66189688?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Tao</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=tao-sun2" title="Code">💻</a></td>
@ -296,40 +332,15 @@ This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.
    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/souzasamuel/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/17254162?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Samuel Souza</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=samuelpsouza" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/marlo2222"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/40809563?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Marlo Henrique</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-marlo2222" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/AndriyPyzh"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/57706635?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>AndriyPyzh</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=AndriyPyzh" title="Code">💻</a></td>
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    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/karthikbhat13"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22431014?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>karthikbhat13</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=karthikbhat13" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/mortezaadi"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1329687?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Morteza Adigozalpour</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=mortezaadi" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://stackoverflow.com/users/308565/nagaraj-tantri"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3784194?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Nagaraj Tantri</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=tan31989" title="Code">💻</a></td>
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    <td align="center"><a href="http://scuccimarri.it"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/7107651?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Francesco Scuccimarri</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=frascu" title="Code">💻</a></td>
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  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Conhan93"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/71334757?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Conny Hansson</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Conhan93" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://muklasr.medium.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/43443753?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Muklas Rahmanto</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-muklasr" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/VxDxK"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/38704817?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Vadim</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-VxDxK" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/sims-keshri"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/62168475?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Simran Keshri</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=sims-keshri" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://programacionymas.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3101238?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>JCarlos</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-JCarlosR" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.mrmoshkel.ir"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/60359433?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ali Ghasemi</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Dev-AliGhasemi" title="Code">💻</a></td>
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    <td align="center"><a href="http://carlfx.wordpress.com"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1594624?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Carl Dea</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=carldea" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Mozartuss"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/32893711?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Mozartus</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-Mozartuss" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ManviGoel26"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/55682355?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Manvi Goel</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ManviGoel26" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/blueberry404"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/39243539?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Anum Amin</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=blueberry404" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://uh-zz.github.io/blog/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/47747828?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Reo Uehara</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-uh-zz" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Fiordy"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/53420573?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Fiordy</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Fiordy" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/harshalkh"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/37841724?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Harshal</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=harshalkh" title="Code">💻</a></td>
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    <td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/abhinav-vashisth-06613b208/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/89785800?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Abhinav Vashisth</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=vashisthabhinav" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://no website"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/47126749?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Kevin</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3AKevinyl3" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Kevinyl3" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Shrirang97"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/28738668?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Shrirang</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3AShrirang97" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Shrirang97" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/interactwithankush"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/18613127?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>interactwithankush</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=interactwithankush" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/yuhangbin"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/17566866?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>CharlieYu</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=yuhangbin" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/Leisterbecker"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/20650323?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Leisterbecker</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=Leisterbecker" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="http://rosaecrucis.cn"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/35420129?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>DragonDreamer</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=castleKing1997" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/ShivanshCharak"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/96943825?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>ShivanshCharak</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ShivanshCharak" title="Code">💻</a></td>
    <td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/HattoriHenzo"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5141285?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>HattoriHenzo</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=HattoriHenzo" title="Code">💻</a></td>
  </tr>
 </table>
--- a/abstract-document/pom.xml
+++ b/abstract-document/pom.xml
@ -23,40 +23,42 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-  <parent>
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
-    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+	<parent>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-  </parent>
+		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-  <artifactId>abstract-document</artifactId>
+		<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-  <dependencies>
+	</parent>
-    <dependency>
+	<artifactId>abstract-document</artifactId>
-      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+	<dependencies>
-      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+		<dependency>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+			<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
-    </dependency>
+			<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
-  </dependencies>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-  <build>
+		</dependency>
-    <plugins>
+	</dependencies>
-      <!-- Maven assembly plugin is invoked with default setting which we have 
+	<build>
 		<plugins>
 			<!-- Maven assembly plugin is invoked with default setting which we have 
 				in parent pom and specifying the class having main method -->
-      <plugin>
+			<plugin>
-        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+				<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-        <executions>
+				<executions>
-          <execution>
+					<execution>
-            <configuration>
+						<configuration>
-              <archive>
+							<archive>
-                <manifest>
+								<manifest>
-                  <mainClass>com.iluwatar.abstractdocument.App</mainClass>
+									<mainClass>com.iluwatar.abstractdocument.App</mainClass>
-                </manifest>
+								</manifest>
-              </archive>
+							</archive>
-            </configuration>
+						</configuration>
-          </execution>
+					</execution>
-        </executions>
+				</executions>
-      </plugin>
+			</plugin>
-    </plugins>
+		</plugins>
-  </build>
+	</build>
 </project>
--- a/abstract-factory/README.md
+++ b/abstract-factory/README.md
@ -87,36 +87,24 @@ public interface KingdomFactory {
 }
 public class ElfKingdomFactory implements KingdomFactory {
  @Override
  public Castle createCastle() {
    return new ElfCastle();
  }
  @Override
  public King createKing() {
    return new ElfKing();
  }
  @Override
  public Army createArmy() {
    return new ElfArmy();
  }
 }
 public class OrcKingdomFactory implements KingdomFactory {
  @Override
  public Castle createCastle() {
    return new OrcCastle();
  }
  @Override
  public King createKing() {
    return new OrcKing();
  }
  @Override
  public Army createArmy() {
    return new OrcArmy();
  }
--- a/abstract-factory/pom.xml
+++ b/abstract-factory/pom.xml
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
 <!--
    The MIT License
@ -23,40 +23,43 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
-  <parent>
+	xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
-    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+	<parent>
-  </parent>
+		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-  <artifactId>abstract-factory</artifactId>
+		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-  <dependencies>
+		<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <dependency>
+	</parent>
-      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+	<artifactId>abstract-factory</artifactId>
-      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+	<dependencies>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+		<dependency>
-    </dependency>
+			<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
-  </dependencies>
+			<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
-  <build>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-    <plugins>
+		</dependency>
-      <!-- Maven assembly plugin is invoked with default setting which we have 
+	</dependencies>
 	<build>
 		<plugins>
 			<!-- Maven assembly plugin is invoked with default setting which we have 
 				in parent pom and specifying the class having main method -->
-      <plugin>
+			<plugin>
-        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+				<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-        <executions>
+				<executions>
-          <execution>
+					<execution>
-            <configuration>
+						<configuration>
-              <archive>
+							<archive>
-                <manifest>
+								<manifest>
-                  <mainClass>com.iluwatar.abstractfactory.App</mainClass>
+									<mainClass>com.iluwatar.abstractfactory.App</mainClass>
-                </manifest>
+								</manifest>
-              </archive>
+							</archive>
-            </configuration>
+						</configuration>
-          </execution>
+					</execution>
-        </executions>
+				</executions>
-      </plugin>
+			</plugin>
-    </plugins>
+		</plugins>
-  </build>
+	</build>
 </project>
--- a/active-object/README.md
+++ b/active-object/README.md
@ -124,7 +124,3 @@ Now, we can create multiple creatures such as Orcs, tell them to eat and roam, a
 ## Class diagram
 ![alt text](./etc/active-object.urm.png "Active Object class diagram")
 ## Tutorials
 * [Android and Java Concurrency: The Active Object Pattern](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cd8t2u5Qmvc)
--- a/active-object/pom.xml
+++ b/active-object/pom.xml
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
 <!--
    The MIT License
@ -23,40 +23,43 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
-  <parent>
+	xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
-    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+	<parent>
-  </parent>
+		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-  <artifactId>active-object</artifactId>
+		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-  <dependencies>
+		<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <dependency>
+	</parent>
-      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+	<artifactId>active-object</artifactId>
-      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+	<dependencies>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+		<dependency>
-    </dependency>
+			<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
-  </dependencies>
+			<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
-  <build>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-    <plugins>
+		</dependency>
-      <!-- Maven assembly plugin is invoked with default setting which we have 
+	</dependencies>
 	<build>
 		<plugins>
 			<!-- Maven assembly plugin is invoked with default setting which we have 
 				in parent pom and specifying the class having main method -->
-      <plugin>
+			<plugin>
-        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+				<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-        <executions>
+				<executions>
-          <execution>
+					<execution>
-            <configuration>
+						<configuration>
-              <archive>
+							<archive>
-                <manifest>
+								<manifest>
-                  <mainClass>com.iluwatar.activeobject.App</mainClass>
+									<mainClass>com.iluwatar.activeobject.App</mainClass>
-                </manifest>
+								</manifest>
-              </archive>
+							</archive>
-            </configuration>
+						</configuration>
-          </execution>
+					</execution>
-        </executions>
+				</executions>
-      </plugin>
+			</plugin>
-    </plugins>
+		</plugins>
-  </build>
+	</build>
 </project>
--- a/acyclic-visitor/README.md
+++ b/acyclic-visitor/README.md
@ -138,10 +138,6 @@ This pattern can be used:
 * When the visited class hierarchy will be frequently extended with new derivatives of the Element class.
 * When the recompilation, relinking, retesting or redistribution of the derivatives of Element is very expensive.
 ## Tutorial
 * [Acyclic Visitor Pattern Example](https://codecrafter.blogspot.com/2012/12/the-acyclic-visitor-pattern.html)
 ## Consequences
 The good:
--- a/acyclic-visitor/pom.xml
+++ b/acyclic-visitor/pom.xml
@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
    The MIT License
@ -23,47 +22,53 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-  <parent>
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
+
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+	<parent>
-  </parent>
+		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-  <artifactId>acyclic-visitor</artifactId>
+		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-  <properties>
+		<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
+	</parent>
-    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
+
-    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
+	<artifactId>acyclic-visitor</artifactId>
-  </properties>
+
-  <dependencies>
+	<properties>
-    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.assertj/assertj-core -->
+		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
-    <dependency>
+		<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
-      <groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
+		<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
-      <artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
+	</properties>
-      <version>3.9.1</version>
+
-      <scope>test</scope>
+	<dependencies>
-    </dependency>
+		<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.assertj/assertj-core -->
-    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/uk.org.lidalia/slf4j-test -->
+		<dependency>
-    <dependency>
+			<groupId>org.assertj</groupId>
-      <groupId>uk.org.lidalia</groupId>
+			<artifactId>assertj-core</artifactId>
-      <artifactId>slf4j-test</artifactId>
+			<version>3.9.1</version>
-      <version>1.2.0</version>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+		</dependency>
-    </dependency>
+		<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/uk.org.lidalia/slf4j-test -->
-    <dependency>
+		<dependency>
-      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+			<groupId>uk.org.lidalia</groupId>
-      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+			<artifactId>slf4j-test</artifactId>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+			<version>1.2.0</version>
-    </dependency>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-    <dependency>
+		</dependency>
-      <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
+		<dependency>
-      <artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId>
+			<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
-      <version>1.10.19</version>
+			<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-    </dependency>
+		</dependency>
-  </dependencies>
+		<dependency>
-  <build>
+			<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
 			<artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId>
 			<version>1.10.19</version>
 			<scope>test</scope>
 		</dependency>
 	</dependencies>
 	<build>
    <plugins>
      <!-- Maven assembly plugin is invoked with default setting which we have 
        in parent pom and specifying the class having main method -->
--- a/acyclic-visitor/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/acyclicvisitor/Hayes.java
+++ b/acyclic-visitor/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/acyclicvisitor/Hayes.java
@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 * Hayes class implements its accept method.
 */
@Slf4j
-public class Hayes implements Modem {
+public class Hayes extends Modem {
  /**
   * Accepts all visitors but honors only HayesVisitor.
--- a/acyclic-visitor/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/acyclicvisitor/Modem.java
+++ b/acyclic-visitor/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/acyclicvisitor/Modem.java
@ -24,9 +24,8 @@
 package com.iluwatar.acyclicvisitor;
 /**
- * //Modem abstract class.
+ * Modem abstract class.
 * converted to an interface
 */
-public interface Modem {
+public abstract class Modem {
-  void accept(ModemVisitor modemVisitor);
+  public abstract void accept(ModemVisitor modemVisitor);
 }
--- a/acyclic-visitor/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/acyclicvisitor/Zoom.java
+++ b/acyclic-visitor/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/acyclicvisitor/Zoom.java
@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 * Zoom class implements its accept method.
 */
@Slf4j
-public class Zoom implements Modem {
+public class Zoom extends Modem {
  /**
   * Accepts all visitors but honors only ZoomVisitor.
--- a/adapter/README.md
+++ b/adapter/README.md
@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ couldn't otherwise because of incompatible interfaces.
 ## Explanation
-Real-world example
+Real world example
-> Consider that you have some pictures on your memory card and you need to transfer them to your computer. To transfer them, you need some kind of adapter that is compatible with your computer ports so that you can attach a memory card to your computer. In this case card reader is an adapter.
+> Consider that you have some pictures in your memory card and you need to transfer them to your computer. In order to transfer them you need some kind of adapter that is compatible with your computer ports so that you can attach memory card to your computer. In this case card reader is an adapter.
-> Another example would be the famous power adapter; a three-legged plug can't be connected to a two-pronged outlet, it needs to use a power adapter that makes it compatible with the two-pronged outlets.
+> Another example would be the famous power adapter; a three legged plug can't be connected to a two pronged outlet, it needs to use a power adapter that makes it compatible with the two pronged outlet.
 > Yet another example would be a translator translating words spoken by one person to another
 In plain words
@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ Wikipedia says
 Consider a captain that can only use rowing boats and cannot sail at all.
-First, we have interfaces `RowingBoat` and `FishingBoat`
+First we have interfaces `RowingBoat` and `FishingBoat`
 ```java
 public interface RowingBoat {
@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ public class Captain {
 }
 ```
-Now let's say the pirates are coming and our captain needs to escape but there is only a fishing boat available. We need to create an adapter that allows the captain to operate the fishing boat with his rowing boat skills.
+Now let's say the pirates are coming and our captain needs to escape but there is only fishing boat available. We need to create an adapter that allows the captain to operate the fishing boat with his rowing boat skills.
 ```java
@Slf4j
@ -100,31 +100,25 @@ captain.row();
 ## Applicability
 Use the Adapter pattern when
-* You want to use an existing class, and its interface does not match the one you need
+* you want to use an existing class, and its interface does not match the one you need
-* You want to create a reusable class that cooperates with unrelated or unforeseen classes, that is, classes that don't necessarily have compatible interfaces
+* you want to create a reusable class that cooperates with unrelated or unforeseen classes, that is, classes that don't necessarily have compatible interfaces
-* You need to use several existing subclasses, but it's impractical to adapt their interface by subclassing everyone. An object adapter can adapt the interface of its parent class.
+* you need to use several existing subclasses, but it's impractical to adapt their interface by subclassing every one. An object adapter can adapt the interface of its parent class.
-* Most of the applications using third-party libraries use adapters as a middle layer between the application and the 3rd party library to decouple the application from the library. If another library has to be used only an adapter for the new library is required without having to change the application code.
+* most of the applications using third party libraries use adapters as a middle layer between the application and the 3rd party library to decouple the application from the library. If another library has to be used only an adapter for the new library is required without having to change the application code.
 ## Tutorials
 * [Dzone](https://dzone.com/articles/adapter-design-pattern-in-java)
 * [Refactoring Guru](https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/adapter/java/example)
 * [Baeldung](https://www.baeldung.com/java-adapter-pattern)
 ## Consequences
 Class and object adapters have different trade-offs. A class adapter
-*	Adapts Adaptee to Target by committing to a concrete Adaptee class. As a consequence, a class adapter won’t work when we want to adapt a class and all its subclasses.
+*	adapts Adaptee to Target by committing to a concrete Adaptee class. As a consequence, a class adapter won’t work when we want to adapt a class and all its subclasses.
-*	Let’s Adapter override some of Adaptee’s behavior since Adapter is a subclass of Adaptee.
+*	let’s Adapter override some of Adaptee’s behavior, since Adapter is a subclass of Adaptee.
-*	Introduces only one object, and no additional pointer indirection is needed to get to the adaptee.
+*	introduces only one object, and no additional pointer indirection is needed to get to the adaptee.
 An object adapter	
-*	Lets a single Adapter work with many Adaptees—that is, the Adaptee itself and all of its subclasses (if any). The Adapter can also add functionality to all Adaptees at once.
+*	let’s a single Adapter work with many Adaptees—that is, the Adaptee itself and all of its subclasses (if any). The Adapter can also add functionality to all Adaptees at once.
-*	Makes it harder to override Adaptee behavior. It will require subclassing Adaptee and making the Adapter refer to the subclass rather than the Adaptee itself.
+*	makes it harder to override Adaptee behavior. It will require subclassing Adaptee and making Adapter refer to the subclass rather than the Adaptee itself.
-## Real-world examples
+## Known uses
 * [java.util.Arrays#asList()](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Arrays.html#asList%28T...%29)
 * [java.util.Collections#list()](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Collections.html#list-java.util.Enumeration-)
--- a/adapter/pom.xml
+++ b/adapter/pom.xml
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
 <!--
    The MIT License
@ -23,45 +23,48 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
-  <parent>
+	xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
-    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+	<parent>
-  </parent>
+		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-  <artifactId>adapter</artifactId>
+		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-  <dependencies>
+		<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <dependency>
+	</parent>
-      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+	<artifactId>adapter</artifactId>
-      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+	<dependencies>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+		<dependency>
-    </dependency>
+			<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
-    <dependency>
+			<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
-      <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-      <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
+		</dependency>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+		<dependency>
-    </dependency>
+			<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
-  </dependencies>
+			<artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
-  <build>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-    <plugins>
+		</dependency>
-      <!-- Maven assembly plugin is invoked with default setting which we have 
+	</dependencies>
 	<build>
 		<plugins>
 			<!-- Maven assembly plugin is invoked with default setting which we have 
 				in parent pom and specifying the class having main method -->
-      <plugin>
+			<plugin>
-        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+				<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-        <executions>
+				<executions>
-          <execution>
+					<execution>
-            <configuration>
+						<configuration>
-              <archive>
+							<archive>
-                <manifest>
+								<manifest>
-                  <mainClass>com.iluwatar.adapter.App</mainClass>
+									<mainClass>com.iluwatar.adapter.App</mainClass>
-                </manifest>
+								</manifest>
-              </archive>
+							</archive>
-            </configuration>
+						</configuration>
-          </execution>
+					</execution>
-        </executions>
+				</executions>
-      </plugin>
+			</plugin>
-    </plugins>
+		</plugins>
-  </build>
+	</build>
 </project>
--- a/adapter/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/adapter/AdapterPatternTest.java
+++ b/adapter/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/adapter/AdapterPatternTest.java
@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
 /**
- * Tests for the adapter pattern.
+ * Test class
 */
 class AdapterPatternTest {
--- a/adapter/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/adapter/AppTest.java
+++ b/adapter/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/adapter/AppTest.java
@ -33,7 +33,9 @@ import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow;
 class AppTest {
  /**
-   * Check whether the execution of the main method in {@link App}
+   * Issue: Add at least one assertion to this test case.
   *
   * Solution: Inserted assertion to check whether the execution of the main method in {@link App}
   * throws an exception.
   */
--- a/aggregator-microservices/aggregator-service/pom.xml
+++ b/aggregator-microservices/aggregator-service/pom.xml
@ -23,65 +23,68 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-  <parent>
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-    <artifactId>aggregator-microservices</artifactId>
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+	<parent>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<artifactId>aggregator-microservices</artifactId>
-  </parent>
+		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+		<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-  <artifactId>aggregator-service</artifactId>
+	</parent>
-  <packaging>jar</packaging>
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-  <dependencies>
+	<artifactId>aggregator-service</artifactId>
-    <dependency>
+	<packaging>jar</packaging>
-      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
+	<dependencies>
-      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
+		<dependency>
-    </dependency>
+			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
-    <dependency>
+			<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
-      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+		</dependency>
-      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
+		<dependency>
-    </dependency>
+			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
-    <dependency>
+			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
-      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+		</dependency>
-      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+		<dependency>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+			<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
-    </dependency>
+			<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
-    <dependency>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-      <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
+		</dependency>
-      <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
+		<dependency>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+			<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
-    </dependency>
+			<artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
-  </dependencies>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-  <build>
+		</dependency>
-    <plugins>
+	</dependencies>
-      <plugin>
+
-        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+	<build>
-        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+		<plugins>
-        <executions>
+			<plugin>
-          <execution>
+				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
-            <goals>
+				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
-              <goal>repackage</goal>
+				<executions>
-            </goals>
+					<execution>
-          </execution>
+						<goals>
-        </executions>
+							<goal>repackage</goal>
-      </plugin>
+						</goals>
-      <!-- Maven assembly plugin is invoked with default setting which we have 
+					</execution>
 				</executions>
 			</plugin>
 			<!-- Maven assembly plugin is invoked with default setting which we have 
 				in parent pom and specifying the class having main method -->
-      <plugin>
+			<plugin>
-        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+				<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-        <executions>
+				<executions>
-          <execution>
+					<execution>
-            <configuration>
+						<configuration>
-              <archive>
+							<archive>
-                <manifest>
+								<manifest>
-                  <mainClass>com.iluwatar.aggregator.microservices.App</mainClass>
+									<mainClass>com.iluwatar.aggregator.microservices.App</mainClass>
-                </manifest>
+								</manifest>
-              </archive>
+							</archive>
-            </configuration>
+						</configuration>
-          </execution>
+					</execution>
-        </executions>
+				</executions>
-      </plugin>
+			</plugin>
-    </plugins>
+		</plugins>
-  </build>
+	</build>
 </project>
--- a/aggregator-microservices/information-microservice/pom.xml
+++ b/aggregator-microservices/information-microservice/pom.xml
@ -23,58 +23,63 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-  <parent>
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-    <artifactId>aggregator-microservices</artifactId>
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+	<parent>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<artifactId>aggregator-microservices</artifactId>
-  </parent>
+		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+		<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-  <artifactId>information-microservice</artifactId>
+	</parent>
-  <packaging>jar</packaging>
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-  <dependencies>
+
-    <dependency>
+	<artifactId>information-microservice</artifactId>
-      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
+	<packaging>jar</packaging>
-      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
+
-    </dependency>
+	<dependencies>
-    <dependency>
+		<dependency>
-      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
-      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
+			<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
-    </dependency>
+		</dependency>
-    <dependency>
+		<dependency>
-      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
-      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+		</dependency>
-    </dependency>
+		<dependency>
-  </dependencies>
+			<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
-  <build>
+			<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
-    <plugins>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-      <plugin>
+		</dependency>
-        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+	</dependencies>
-        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+
-        <executions>
+	<build>
-          <execution>
+		<plugins>
-            <goals>
+			<plugin>
-              <goal>repackage</goal>
+				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
-            </goals>
+				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
-          </execution>
+				<executions>
-        </executions>
+					<execution>
-      </plugin>
+						<goals>
-      <plugin>
+							<goal>repackage</goal>
-        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+						</goals>
-        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+					</execution>
-        <executions>
+				</executions>
-          <execution>
+			</plugin>
-            <configuration>
+			<plugin>
-              <archive>
+				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-                <manifest>
+				<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-                  <mainClass>com.iluwatar.information.microservices.InformationApplication</mainClass>
+				<executions>
-                </manifest>
+					<execution>
-              </archive>
+						<configuration>
-            </configuration>
+							<archive>
-          </execution>
+								<manifest>
-        </executions>
+									<mainClass>com.iluwatar.information.microservices.InformationApplication</mainClass>
-      </plugin>
+								</manifest>
-    </plugins>
+							</archive>
-  </build>
+						</configuration>
 					</execution>
 				</executions>
 			</plugin>
 		</plugins>
 	</build>
 </project>
--- a/aggregator-microservices/inventory-microservice/pom.xml
+++ b/aggregator-microservices/inventory-microservice/pom.xml
@ -23,58 +23,62 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-  <parent>
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-    <artifactId>aggregator-microservices</artifactId>
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+	<parent>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<artifactId>aggregator-microservices</artifactId>
-  </parent>
+		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+		<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-  <artifactId>inventory-microservice</artifactId>
+	</parent>
-  <packaging>jar</packaging>
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-  <dependencies>
+	<artifactId>inventory-microservice</artifactId>
-    <dependency>
+
-      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
+	<packaging>jar</packaging>
-      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
+	<dependencies>
-    </dependency>
+		<dependency>
-    <dependency>
+			<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
-      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+			<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
-      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
+		</dependency>
-    </dependency>
+		<dependency>
-    <dependency>
+			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
-      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
-      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+		</dependency>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+		<dependency>
-    </dependency>
+			<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
-  </dependencies>
+			<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
-  <build>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-    <plugins>
+		</dependency>
-      <plugin>
+	</dependencies>
-        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
+
-        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
+	<build>
-        <executions>
+		<plugins>
-          <execution>
+			<plugin>
-            <goals>
+				<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
-              <goal>repackage</goal>
+				<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
-            </goals>
+				<executions>
-          </execution>
+					<execution>
-        </executions>
+						<goals>
-      </plugin>
+							<goal>repackage</goal>
-      <plugin>
+						</goals>
-        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+					</execution>
-        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+				</executions>
-        <executions>
+			</plugin>
-          <execution>
+			<plugin>
-            <configuration>
+				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-              <archive>
+				<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-                <manifest>
+				<executions>
-                  <mainClass>com.iluwatar.inventory.microservices.InventoryApplication</mainClass>
+					<execution>
-                </manifest>
+						<configuration>
-              </archive>
+							<archive>
-            </configuration>
+								<manifest>
-          </execution>
+									<mainClass>com.iluwatar.inventory.microservices.InventoryApplication</mainClass>
-        </executions>
+								</manifest>
-      </plugin>
+							</archive>
-    </plugins>
+						</configuration>
-  </build>
+					</execution>
 				</executions>
 			</plugin>
 		</plugins>
 	</build>
 </project>
--- a/aggregator-microservices/pom.xml
+++ b/aggregator-microservices/pom.xml
@ -23,18 +23,20 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-  <parent>
+         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
+         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+    <parent>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-  </parent>
+        <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+        <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-  <artifactId>aggregator-microservices</artifactId>
+    </parent>
-  <packaging>pom</packaging>
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-  <modules>
+    <artifactId>aggregator-microservices</artifactId>
-    <module>information-microservice</module>
+    <packaging>pom</packaging>
-    <module>aggregator-service</module>
+    <modules>
-    <module>inventory-microservice</module>
+        <module>information-microservice</module>
-  </modules>
+        <module>aggregator-service</module>
        <module>inventory-microservice</module>
    </modules>
 </project>
--- a/ambassador/pom.xml
+++ b/ambassador/pom.xml
@ -23,38 +23,40 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-  <parent>
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+	<parent>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-  </parent>
+		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+		<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-  <artifactId>ambassador</artifactId>
+	</parent>
-  <dependencies>
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <dependency>
+	<artifactId>ambassador</artifactId>
-      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+	<dependencies>
-      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+		<dependency>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+			<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
-    </dependency>
+			<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
-  </dependencies>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-  <build>
+		</dependency>
-    <plugins>
+	</dependencies>
-      <plugin>
+	<build>
-        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+		<plugins>
-        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+			<plugin>
-        <executions>
+				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-          <execution>
+				<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-            <configuration>
+				<executions>
-              <archive>
+					<execution>
-                <manifest>
+						<configuration>
-                  <mainClass>com.iluwatar.ambassador.App</mainClass>
+							<archive>
-                </manifest>
+								<manifest>
-              </archive>
+									<mainClass>com.iluwatar.ambassador.App</mainClass>
-            </configuration>
+								</manifest>
-          </execution>
+							</archive>
-        </executions>
+						</configuration>
-      </plugin>
+					</execution>
-    </plugins>
+				</executions>
-  </build>
+			</plugin>
 		</plugins>
 	</build>
 </project>
--- a/api-gateway/api-gateway-service/pom.xml
+++ b/api-gateway/api-gateway-service/pom.xml
@ -23,11 +23,13 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <parent>
    <artifactId>api-gateway</artifactId>
    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <artifactId>api-gateway-service</artifactId>
@ -52,6 +54,7 @@
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
--- a/api-gateway/image-microservice/pom.xml
+++ b/api-gateway/image-microservice/pom.xml
@ -23,11 +23,13 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <parent>
    <artifactId>api-gateway</artifactId>
    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <artifactId>image-microservice</artifactId>
@ -47,6 +49,7 @@
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
--- a/api-gateway/pom.xml
+++ b/api-gateway/pom.xml
@ -23,11 +23,13 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <parent>
    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <artifactId>api-gateway</artifactId>
--- a/api-gateway/price-microservice/pom.xml
+++ b/api-gateway/price-microservice/pom.xml
@ -23,15 +23,19 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <parent>
    <artifactId>api-gateway</artifactId>
    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <artifactId>price-microservice</artifactId>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
@ -47,6 +51,7 @@
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
--- a/arrange-act-assert/pom.xml
+++ b/arrange-act-assert/pom.xml
@ -23,13 +23,16 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <parent>
    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <artifactId>arrange-act-assert</artifactId>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
@ -38,4 +41,4 @@
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
-</project>
+</project>
--- a/async-method-invocation/pom.xml
+++ b/async-method-invocation/pom.xml
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
 <!--
    The MIT License
@ -23,43 +23,46 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
-  <parent>
+	xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
-    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+	<parent>
-  </parent>
+		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-  <artifactId>async-method-invocation</artifactId>
+		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-  <dependencies>
+		<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <dependency>
+	</parent>
-      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+	<artifactId>async-method-invocation</artifactId>
-      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+	<dependencies>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+		<dependency>
-    </dependency>
+			<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
-    <dependency>
+			<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
-      <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-      <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
+		</dependency>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+		<dependency>
-    </dependency>
+			<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
-  </dependencies>
+			<artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
-  <build>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-    <plugins>
+		</dependency>
-      <plugin>
+	</dependencies>
-        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+	<build>
-        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+		<plugins>
-        <executions>
+			<plugin>
-          <execution>
+				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-            <configuration>
+				<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-              <archive>
+				<executions>
-                <manifest>
+					<execution>
-                  <mainClass>com.iluwatar.async.method.invocation.App</mainClass>
+						<configuration>
-                </manifest>
+							<archive>
-              </archive>
+								<manifest>
-            </configuration>
+									<mainClass>com.iluwatar.async.method.invocation.App</mainClass>
-          </execution>
+								</manifest>
-        </executions>
+							</archive>
-      </plugin>
+						</configuration>
-    </plugins>
+					</execution>
-  </build>
+				</executions>
 			</plugin>
 		</plugins>
 	</build>
 </project>
--- a/async-method-invocation/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/async/method/invocation/App.java
+++ b/async-method-invocation/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/async/method/invocation/App.java
@ -59,12 +59,9 @@ import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
 public class App {
  private static final String ROCKET_LAUNCH_LOG_PATTERN = "Space rocket <%s> launched successfully";
  /**
   * Program entry point.
   */
  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    // construct a new executor that will run async tasks
    var executor = new ThreadAsyncExecutor();
@ -90,9 +87,9 @@ public class App {
    asyncResult5.await();
    // log the results of the tasks, callbacks log immediately when complete
-    log(String.format(ROCKET_LAUNCH_LOG_PATTERN, result1));
+    log("Space rocket <" + result1 + "> launch complete");
-    log(String.format(ROCKET_LAUNCH_LOG_PATTERN, result2));
+    log("Space rocket <" + result2 + "> launch complete");
-    log(String.format(ROCKET_LAUNCH_LOG_PATTERN, result3));
+    log("Space rocket <" + result3 + "> launch complete");
  }
  /**
@ -105,7 +102,7 @@ public class App {
  private static <T> Callable<T> lazyval(T value, long delayMillis) {
    return () -> {
      Thread.sleep(delayMillis);
-      log(String.format(ROCKET_LAUNCH_LOG_PATTERN, value));
+      log("Space rocket <" + value + "> launched successfully");
      return value;
    };
  }
--- a/balking/pom.xml
+++ b/balking/pom.xml
@ -23,38 +23,41 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-  <parent>
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+	<parent>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-  </parent>
+		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+		<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-  <artifactId>balking</artifactId>
+	</parent>
-  <dependencies>
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <dependency>
+
-      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+	<artifactId>balking</artifactId>
-      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+	<dependencies>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+		<dependency>
-    </dependency>
+			<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
-  </dependencies>
+			<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
-  <build>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-    <plugins>
+		</dependency>
-      <plugin>
+	</dependencies>
-        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+	<build>
-        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+		<plugins>
-        <executions>
+			<plugin>
-          <execution>
+				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-            <configuration>
+				<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-              <archive>
+				<executions>
-                <manifest>
+					<execution>
-                  <mainClass>com.iluwatar.balking.App</mainClass>
+						<configuration>
-                </manifest>
+							<archive>
-              </archive>
+								<manifest>
-            </configuration>
+									<mainClass>com.iluwatar.balking.App</mainClass>
-          </execution>
+								</manifest>
-        </executions>
+							</archive>
-      </plugin>
+						</configuration>
-    </plugins>
+					</execution>
-  </build>
+				</executions>
 			</plugin>
 		</plugins>
 	</build>
 </project>
--- a/bridge/pom.xml
+++ b/bridge/pom.xml
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
 <!--
    The MIT License
@ -23,27 +23,30 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
-  <parent>
+	xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
-    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+	<parent>
-  </parent>
+		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-  <artifactId>bridge</artifactId>
+		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-  <dependencies>
+		<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <dependency>
+	</parent>
-      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+	<artifactId>bridge</artifactId>
-      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+	<dependencies>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+		<dependency>
-    </dependency>
+			<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
-    <dependency>
+			<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
-      <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-      <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
+		</dependency>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+		<dependency>
-    </dependency>
+			<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
-  </dependencies>
+			<artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
-  <build>
+			<scope>test</scope>
 		</dependency>
 	</dependencies>
 	<build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
--- a/builder/README.md
+++ b/builder/README.md
@ -134,12 +134,6 @@ Use the Builder pattern when
 * The algorithm for creating a complex object should be independent of the parts that make up the object and how they're assembled
 * The construction process must allow different representations for the object that's constructed
 ## Tutorials
 * [Refactoring Guru](https://refactoring.guru/design-patterns/builder)
 * [Oracle Blog](https://blogs.oracle.com/javamagazine/post/exploring-joshua-blochs-builder-design-pattern-in-java)
 * [Journal Dev](https://www.journaldev.com/1425/builder-design-pattern-in-java)
 ## Known uses
 * [java.lang.StringBuilder](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/StringBuilder.html)
--- a/builder/pom.xml
+++ b/builder/pom.xml
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
 <!--
    The MIT License
@ -23,22 +23,25 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
-  <parent>
+	xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
-    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+	<parent>
-  </parent>
+		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-  <artifactId>builder</artifactId>
+		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-  <dependencies>
+		<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <dependency>
+	</parent>
-      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+	<artifactId>builder</artifactId>
-      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+	<dependencies>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+		<dependency>
-    </dependency>
+			<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
-  </dependencies>
+			<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
-  <build>
+			<scope>test</scope>
 		</dependency>
 	</dependencies>
 	<build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
--- a/business-delegate/pom.xml
+++ b/business-delegate/pom.xml
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
 <!--
    The MIT License
@ -23,43 +23,46 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"
-  <parent>
+	xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
-    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+	<parent>
-  </parent>
+		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-  <artifactId>business-delegate</artifactId>
+		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-  <dependencies>
+		<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-    <dependency>
+	</parent>
-      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+	<artifactId>business-delegate</artifactId>
-      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+	<dependencies>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+		<dependency>
-    </dependency>
+			<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
-    <dependency>
+			<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
-      <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-      <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
+		</dependency>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+		<dependency>
-    </dependency>
+			<groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
-  </dependencies>
+			<artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
-  <build>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-    <plugins>
+		</dependency>
-      <plugin>
+	</dependencies>
-        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+	<build>
-        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+		<plugins>
-        <executions>
+			<plugin>
-          <execution>
+				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-            <configuration>
+				<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-              <archive>
+				<executions>
-                <manifest>
+					<execution>
-                  <mainClass>com.iluwatar.business.delegate.App</mainClass>
+						<configuration>
-                </manifest>
+							<archive>
-              </archive>
+								<manifest>
-            </configuration>
+									<mainClass>com.iluwatar.business.delegate.App</mainClass>
-          </execution>
+								</manifest>
-        </executions>
+							</archive>
-      </plugin>
+						</configuration>
-    </plugins>
+					</execution>
-  </build>
+				</executions>
 			</plugin>
 		</plugins>
 	</build>
 </project>
--- a/bytecode/pom.xml
+++ b/bytecode/pom.xml
@ -23,38 +23,43 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
-  <parent>
+	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
-    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
+	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+	<parent>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-  </parent>
+		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+		<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-  <artifactId>bytecode</artifactId>
+	</parent>
-  <dependencies>
+	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-    <dependency>
+
-      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+	<artifactId>bytecode</artifactId>
-      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+	<dependencies>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+		<dependency>
-    </dependency>
+			<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
-  </dependencies>
+			<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
-  <build>
+			<scope>test</scope>
-    <plugins>
+		</dependency>
-      <plugin>
+	</dependencies>
-        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
+
-        <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
+	<build>
-        <executions>
+		<plugins>
-          <execution>
+			<plugin>
-            <configuration>
+				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
-              <archive>
+				<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
-                <manifest>
+				<executions>
-                  <mainClass>com.iluwatar.bytecode.App</mainClass>
+					<execution>
-                </manifest>
+						<configuration>
-              </archive>
+							<archive>
-            </configuration>
+								<manifest>
-          </execution>
+									<mainClass>com.iluwatar.bytecode.App</mainClass>
-        </executions>
+								</manifest>
-      </plugin>
+							</archive>
-    </plugins>
+						</configuration>
-  </build>
+					</execution>
-</project>
+				</executions>
 			</plugin>
 		</plugins>
 	</build>
 </project>
--- a/bytecode/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/bytecode/App.java
+++ b/bytecode/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/bytecode/App.java
@ -42,14 +42,6 @@ import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
@Slf4j
 public class App {
  private static final String LITERAL_0 = "LITERAL 0";
  private static final String HEALTH_PATTERN = "%s_HEALTH";
  private static final String GET_AGILITY = "GET_AGILITY";
  private static final String GET_WISDOM = "GET_WISDOM";
  private static final String ADD = "ADD";
  private static final String LITERAL_2 = "LITERAL 2";
  private static final String DIVIDE = "DIVIDE";
  /**
   * Main app method.
   *
@ -61,17 +53,17 @@ public class App {
        new Wizard(45, 7, 11, 0, 0),
        new Wizard(36, 18, 8, 0, 0));
-    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode(LITERAL_0));
+    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode("LITERAL 0"));
-    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode(LITERAL_0));
+    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode("LITERAL 0"));
-    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode(String.format(HEALTH_PATTERN, "GET")));
+    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode("GET_HEALTH"));
-    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode(LITERAL_0));
+    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode("LITERAL 0"));
-    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode(GET_AGILITY));
+    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode("GET_AGILITY"));
-    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode(LITERAL_0));
+    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode("LITERAL 0"));
-    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode(GET_WISDOM));
+    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode("GET_WISDOM"));
-    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode(ADD));
+    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode("ADD"));
-    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode(LITERAL_2));
+    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode("LITERAL 2"));
-    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode(DIVIDE));
+    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode("DIVIDE"));
-    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode(ADD));
+    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode("ADD"));
-    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode(String.format(HEALTH_PATTERN, "SET")));
+    vm.execute(InstructionConverterUtil.convertToByteCode("SET_HEALTH"));
  }
 }
--- a/caching/README.md
+++ b/caching/README.md
@ -43,29 +43,39 @@ Wikipedia says:
 **Programmatic Example**
 Let's first look at the data layer of our application. The interesting classes are `UserAccount`
-which is a simple Java object containing the user account details, and `DbManager` interface which handles
+which is a simple Java object containing the user account details, and `DbManager` which handles
-reading and writing of these objects to/from database.
+reading and writing of these objects to/from MongoDB database.
 ```java
-@Data
+@Setter
@Getter
@AllArgsConstructor
@ToString
@EqualsAndHashCode
 public class UserAccount {
  private String userId;
  private String userName;
  private String additionalInfo;
 }
-public interface DbManager {
+@Slf4j
 public final class DbManager {
-  void connect();
+  private static MongoClient mongoClient;
-  void disconnect();
+  private static MongoDatabase db;
-  
+
-  UserAccount readFromDb(String userId);
+  private DbManager() { /*...*/ }
-  UserAccount writeToDb(UserAccount userAccount);
+
-  UserAccount updateDb(UserAccount userAccount);
+  public static void createVirtualDb() { /*...*/ }
-  UserAccount upsertDb(UserAccount userAccount);
+
  public static void connect() throws ParseException { /*...*/ }
  public static UserAccount readFromDb(String userId) { /*...*/ }
  public static void writeToDb(UserAccount userAccount) { /*...*/ }
  public static void updateDb(UserAccount userAccount) { /*...*/ }
  public static void upsertDb(UserAccount userAccount) { /*...*/ }
 }
 ```
@ -161,43 +171,30 @@ strategies.
@Slf4j
 public class CacheStore {
  private static final int CAPACITY = 3;
  private static LruCache cache;
  private final DbManager dbManager;
  /* ... details omitted ... */
-  public UserAccount readThrough(final String userId) {
+  public static UserAccount readThrough(String userId) {
    if (cache.contains(userId)) {
-      LOGGER.info("# Found in Cache!");
+      LOGGER.info("# Cache Hit!");
      return cache.get(userId);
    }
-    LOGGER.info("# Not found in cache! Go to DB!!");
+    LOGGER.info("# Cache Miss!");
-    UserAccount userAccount = dbManager.readFromDb(userId);
+    UserAccount userAccount = DbManager.readFromDb(userId);
    cache.set(userId, userAccount);
    return userAccount;
  }
-  public void writeThrough(final UserAccount userAccount) {
+  public static void writeThrough(UserAccount userAccount) {
    if (cache.contains(userAccount.getUserId())) {
-      dbManager.updateDb(userAccount);
+      DbManager.updateDb(userAccount);
    } else {
-      dbManager.writeToDb(userAccount);
+      DbManager.writeToDb(userAccount);
    }
    cache.set(userAccount.getUserId(), userAccount);
  }
  public void writeAround(final UserAccount userAccount) {
    if (cache.contains(userAccount.getUserId())) {
      dbManager.updateDb(userAccount);
      // Cache data has been updated -- remove older
      cache.invalidate(userAccount.getUserId());
      // version from cache.
    } else {
      dbManager.writeToDb(userAccount);
    }
  }
  public static void clearCache() {
    if (cache != null) {
      cache.clear();
@ -228,39 +225,34 @@ class.
 public final class AppManager {
  private static CachingPolicy cachingPolicy;
  private final DbManager dbManager;
  private final CacheStore cacheStore;
  private AppManager() {
  }
-  public void initDb() { /* ... */ }
+  public static void initDb(boolean useMongoDb) { /* ... */ }
  public static void initCachingPolicy(CachingPolicy policy) { /* ... */ }
  public static void initCacheCapacity(int capacity) { /* ... */ }
-  public UserAccount find(final String userId) {
+  public static UserAccount find(String userId) {
-    LOGGER.info("Trying to find {} in cache", userId);
+    if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.THROUGH || cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.AROUND) {
-    if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.THROUGH
+      return CacheStore.readThrough(userId);
            || cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.AROUND) {
      return cacheStore.readThrough(userId);
    } else if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.BEHIND) {
-      return cacheStore.readThroughWithWriteBackPolicy(userId);
+      return CacheStore.readThroughWithWriteBackPolicy(userId);
    } else if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.ASIDE) {
      return findAside(userId);
    }
    return null;
  }
-  public void save(final UserAccount userAccount) {
+  public static void save(UserAccount userAccount) {
    LOGGER.info("Save record!");
    if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.THROUGH) {
-      cacheStore.writeThrough(userAccount);
+      CacheStore.writeThrough(userAccount);
    } else if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.AROUND) {
-      cacheStore.writeAround(userAccount);
+      CacheStore.writeAround(userAccount);
    } else if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.BEHIND) {
-      cacheStore.writeBehind(userAccount);
+      CacheStore.writeBehind(userAccount);
    } else if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.ASIDE) {
      saveAside(userAccount);
    }
@ -280,35 +272,24 @@ Here is what we do in the main class of the application.
@Slf4j
 public class App {
-  public static void main(final String[] args) {
+  public static void main(String[] args) {
-    boolean isDbMongo = isDbMongo(args);
+    AppManager.initDb(false);
-    if(isDbMongo){
+    AppManager.initCacheCapacity(3);
-      LOGGER.info("Using the Mongo database engine to run the application.");
+    var app = new App();
    } else {
      LOGGER.info("Using the 'in Memory' database to run the application.");
    }
    App app = new App(isDbMongo);
    app.useReadAndWriteThroughStrategy();
    String splitLine = "==============================================";
    LOGGER.info(splitLine);
    app.useReadThroughAndWriteAroundStrategy();
    LOGGER.info(splitLine);
    app.useReadThroughAndWriteBehindStrategy();
    LOGGER.info(splitLine);
    app.useCacheAsideStategy();
    LOGGER.info(splitLine);
  }
  public void useReadAndWriteThroughStrategy() {
    LOGGER.info("# CachingPolicy.THROUGH");
-    appManager.initCachingPolicy(CachingPolicy.THROUGH);
+    AppManager.initCachingPolicy(CachingPolicy.THROUGH);
    var userAccount1 = new UserAccount("001", "John", "He is a boy.");
-
+    AppManager.save(userAccount1);
-    appManager.save(userAccount1);
+    LOGGER.info(AppManager.printCacheContent());
-    LOGGER.info(appManager.printCacheContent());
+    AppManager.find("001");
-    appManager.find("001");
+    AppManager.find("001");
    appManager.find("001");
  }
  public void useReadThroughAndWriteAroundStrategy() { /* ... */ }
@ -319,6 +300,16 @@ public class App {
 }
 ```
 Finally, here is some of the console output from the program.
 ```
 12:32:53.845 [main] INFO com.iluwatar.caching.App - # CachingPolicy.THROUGH
 12:32:53.900 [main] INFO com.iluwatar.caching.App - 
 --CACHE CONTENT--
 UserAccount(userId=001, userName=John, additionalInfo=He is a boy.)
 ----
 ```
 ## Class diagram
 ![alt text](./etc/caching.png "Caching")
--- a/caching/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/caching/docker-compose.yml
@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
 version: '3.7'
 services:
  mongodb_container:
    image: mongo:latest
    environment:
      MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME: root
      MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD: rootpassword
    ports:
      - 27017:27017
    volumes:
      - ./mongo-data/:/data/db
--- a/caching/etc/caching.png
+++ b/caching/etc/caching.png
--- a/caching/pom.xml
+++ b/caching/pom.xml
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
 <!--
    The MIT License
@ -23,12 +23,13 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <parent>
    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <artifactId>caching</artifactId>
  <dependencies>
@ -38,14 +39,19 @@
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
-      <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
+      <groupId>org.mongodb</groupId>
-      <artifactId>mockito-all</artifactId>
+      <artifactId>mongodb-driver</artifactId>
-      <version>1.10.19</version>
+      <version>3.12.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mongodb</groupId>
-      <artifactId>mongo-java-driver</artifactId>
+      <artifactId>mongodb-driver-core</artifactId>
      <version>3.0.4</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mongodb</groupId>
      <artifactId>bson</artifactId>
      <version>3.0.4</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <!--
--- a/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/App.java
+++ b/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/App.java
@ -1,62 +1,58 @@
 /*
 * The MIT License
 * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */
 package com.iluwatar.caching;
 import com.iluwatar.caching.database.DbManager;
 import com.iluwatar.caching.database.DbManagerFactory;
 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 /**
- * The Caching pattern describes how to avoid expensive re-acquisition of
+ * The Caching pattern describes how to avoid expensive re-acquisition of resources by not releasing
- * resources by not releasing the resources immediately after their use.
+ * the resources immediately after their use. The resources retain their identity, are kept in some
- * The resources retain their identity, are kept in some fast-access storage,
+ * fast-access storage, and are re-used to avoid having to acquire them again. There are four main
- * and are re-used to avoid having to acquire them again. There are four main
+ * caching strategies/techniques in this pattern; each with their own pros and cons. They are;
- * caching strategies/techniques in this pattern; each with their own pros and
+ * <code>write-through</code> which writes data to the cache and DB in a single transaction,
- * cons. They are <code>write-through</code> which writes data to the cache and
+ * <code>write-around</code> which writes data immediately into the DB instead of the cache,
- * DB in a single transaction, <code>write-around</code> which writes data
+ * <code>write-behind</code> which writes data into the cache initially whilst the data is only
- * immediately into the DB instead of the cache, <code>write-behind</code>
+ * written into the DB when the cache is full, and <code>cache-aside</code> which pushes the
- * which writes data into the cache initially whilst the data is only
+ * responsibility of keeping the data synchronized in both data sources to the application itself.
- * written into the DB when the cache is full, and <code>cache-aside</code>
+ * The <code>read-through</code> strategy is also included in the mentioned four strategies --
- * which pushes the responsibility of keeping the data synchronized in both
+ * returns data from the cache to the caller <b>if</b> it exists <b>else</b> queries from DB and
- * data sources to the application itself. The <code>read-through</code>
+ * stores it into the cache for future use. These strategies determine when the data in the cache
- * strategy is also included in the mentioned four strategies --
+ * should be written back to the backing store (i.e. Database) and help keep both data sources
- * returns data from the cache to the caller <b>if</b> it exists <b>else</b>
+ * synchronized/up-to-date. This pattern can improve performance and also helps to maintain
- * queries from DB and stores it into the cache for future use. These strategies
+ * consistency between data held in the cache and the data in the underlying data store.
 * determine when the data in the cache should be written back to the backing
 * store (i.e. Database) and help keep both data sources
 * synchronized/up-to-date. This pattern can improve performance and also helps
 * to maintainconsistency between data held in the cache and the data in
 * the underlying data store.
 *
- * <p>In this example, the user account ({@link UserAccount}) entity is used
+ * <p>In this example, the user account ({@link UserAccount}) entity is used as the underlying
- * as the underlying application data. The cache itself is implemented as an
+ * application data. The cache itself is implemented as an internal (Java) data structure. It adopts
- * internal (Java) data structure. It adopts a Least-Recently-Used (LRU)
+ * a Least-Recently-Used (LRU) strategy for evicting data from itself when its full. The four
- * strategy for evicting data from itself when its full. The four
+ * strategies are individually tested. The testing of the cache is restricted towards saving and
- * strategies are individually tested. The testing of the cache is restricted
+ * querying of user accounts from the underlying data store ( {@link DbManager}). The main class (
- * towards saving and querying of user accounts from the
+ * {@link App} is not aware of the underlying mechanics of the application (i.e. save and query) and
- * underlying data store( {@link DbManager}). The main class ( {@link App}
+ * whether the data is coming from the cache or the DB (i.e. separation of concern). The AppManager
- * is not aware of the underlying mechanics of the application
+ * ({@link AppManager}) handles the transaction of data to-and-from the underlying data store
- * (i.e. save and query) and whether the data is coming from the cache or the
+ * (depending on the preferred caching policy/strategy).
 * DB (i.e. separation of concern). The AppManager ({@link AppManager}) handles
 * the transaction of data to-and-from the underlying data store (depending on
 * the preferred caching policy/strategy).
 * <p>
- * <i>{@literal App --> AppManager --> CacheStore/LRUCache/CachingPolicy -->
+ * <i>{@literal App --> AppManager --> CacheStore/LRUCache/CachingPolicy --> DBManager} </i>
 * DBManager} </i>
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>
 * There are 2 ways to launch the application.
 *  - to use "in Memory" database.
 *  - to use the MongoDb as a database
 *
 * To run the application with "in Memory" database, just launch it without parameters
 * Example: 'java -jar app.jar'
 *
 * To run the application with MongoDb you need to be installed the MongoDb
 * in your system, or to launch it in the docker container.
 * You may launch docker container from the root of current module with command:
 * 'docker-compose up'
 * Then you can start the application with parameter --mongo
 * Example: 'java -jar app.jar --mongo'
 * </p>
 *
 * @see CacheStore
@ -65,67 +61,23 @@ import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 */
@Slf4j
 public class App {
  /**
   * Constant parameter name to use mongoDB.
   */
  private static final String USE_MONGO_DB = "--mongo";
  /**
   * Application manager.
   */
  private final AppManager appManager;
  /**
   * Constructor of current App.
   *
   * @param isMongo boolean
   */
  public App(final boolean isMongo) {
    DbManager dbManager = DbManagerFactory.initDb(isMongo);
    appManager = new AppManager(dbManager);
    appManager.initDb();
  }
  /**
   * Program entry point.
   *
   * @param args command line args
   */
-  public static void main(final String[] args) {
+  public static void main(String[] args) {
-    // VirtualDB (instead of MongoDB) was used in running the JUnit tests
+    AppManager.initDb(false); // VirtualDB (instead of MongoDB) was used in running the JUnit tests
    // and the App class to avoid Maven compilation errors. Set flag to
    // true to run the tests with MongoDB (provided that MongoDB is
    // installed and socket connection is open).
-    boolean isDbMongo = isDbMongo(args);
+    AppManager.initCacheCapacity(3);
-    if (isDbMongo) {
+    var app = new App();
      LOGGER.info("Using the Mongo database engine to run the application.");
    } else {
      LOGGER.info("Using the 'in Memory' database to run the application.");
    }
    App app = new App(isDbMongo);
    app.useReadAndWriteThroughStrategy();
    String splitLine = "==============================================";
    LOGGER.info(splitLine);
    app.useReadThroughAndWriteAroundStrategy();
    LOGGER.info(splitLine);
    app.useReadThroughAndWriteBehindStrategy();
    LOGGER.info(splitLine);
    app.useCacheAsideStategy();
    LOGGER.info(splitLine);
  }
  /**
   * Check the input parameters. if
   *
   * @param args input params
   * @return true if there is "--mongo" parameter in arguments
   */
  private static boolean isDbMongo(final String[] args) {
    for (String arg : args) {
      if (arg.equals(USE_MONGO_DB)) {
        return true;
      }
    }
    return false;
  }
  /**
@ -133,14 +85,14 @@ public class App {
   */
  public void useReadAndWriteThroughStrategy() {
    LOGGER.info("# CachingPolicy.THROUGH");
-    appManager.initCachingPolicy(CachingPolicy.THROUGH);
+    AppManager.initCachingPolicy(CachingPolicy.THROUGH);
    var userAccount1 = new UserAccount("001", "John", "He is a boy.");
-    appManager.save(userAccount1);
+    AppManager.save(userAccount1);
-    LOGGER.info(appManager.printCacheContent());
+    LOGGER.info(AppManager.printCacheContent());
-    appManager.find("001");
+    AppManager.find("001");
-    appManager.find("001");
+    AppManager.find("001");
  }
  /**
@ -148,21 +100,21 @@ public class App {
   */
  public void useReadThroughAndWriteAroundStrategy() {
    LOGGER.info("# CachingPolicy.AROUND");
-    appManager.initCachingPolicy(CachingPolicy.AROUND);
+    AppManager.initCachingPolicy(CachingPolicy.AROUND);
    var userAccount2 = new UserAccount("002", "Jane", "She is a girl.");
-    appManager.save(userAccount2);
+    AppManager.save(userAccount2);
-    LOGGER.info(appManager.printCacheContent());
+    LOGGER.info(AppManager.printCacheContent());
-    appManager.find("002");
+    AppManager.find("002");
-    LOGGER.info(appManager.printCacheContent());
+    LOGGER.info(AppManager.printCacheContent());
-    userAccount2 = appManager.find("002");
+    userAccount2 = AppManager.find("002");
    userAccount2.setUserName("Jane G.");
-    appManager.save(userAccount2);
+    AppManager.save(userAccount2);
-    LOGGER.info(appManager.printCacheContent());
+    LOGGER.info(AppManager.printCacheContent());
-    appManager.find("002");
+    AppManager.find("002");
-    LOGGER.info(appManager.printCacheContent());
+    LOGGER.info(AppManager.printCacheContent());
-    appManager.find("002");
+    AppManager.find("002");
  }
  /**
@ -170,31 +122,23 @@ public class App {
   */
  public void useReadThroughAndWriteBehindStrategy() {
    LOGGER.info("# CachingPolicy.BEHIND");
-    appManager.initCachingPolicy(CachingPolicy.BEHIND);
+    AppManager.initCachingPolicy(CachingPolicy.BEHIND);
-    var userAccount3 = new UserAccount("003",
+    var userAccount3 = new UserAccount("003", "Adam", "He likes food.");
-            "Adam",
+    var userAccount4 = new UserAccount("004", "Rita", "She hates cats.");
-            "He likes food.");
+    var userAccount5 = new UserAccount("005", "Isaac", "He is allergic to mustard.");
    var userAccount4 = new UserAccount("004",
            "Rita",
            "She hates cats.");
    var userAccount5 = new UserAccount("005",
            "Isaac",
            "He is allergic to mustard.");
-    appManager.save(userAccount3);
+    AppManager.save(userAccount3);
-    appManager.save(userAccount4);
+    AppManager.save(userAccount4);
-    appManager.save(userAccount5);
+    AppManager.save(userAccount5);
-    LOGGER.info(appManager.printCacheContent());
+    LOGGER.info(AppManager.printCacheContent());
-    appManager.find("003");
+    AppManager.find("003");
-    LOGGER.info(appManager.printCacheContent());
+    LOGGER.info(AppManager.printCacheContent());
-    UserAccount userAccount6 = new UserAccount("006",
+    UserAccount userAccount6 = new UserAccount("006", "Yasha", "She is an only child.");
-            "Yasha",
+    AppManager.save(userAccount6);
-            "She is an only child.");
+    LOGGER.info(AppManager.printCacheContent());
-    appManager.save(userAccount6);
+    AppManager.find("004");
-    LOGGER.info(appManager.printCacheContent());
+    LOGGER.info(AppManager.printCacheContent());
    appManager.find("004");
    LOGGER.info(appManager.printCacheContent());
  }
  /**
@ -202,26 +146,20 @@ public class App {
   */
  public void useCacheAsideStategy() {
    LOGGER.info("# CachingPolicy.ASIDE");
-    appManager.initCachingPolicy(CachingPolicy.ASIDE);
+    AppManager.initCachingPolicy(CachingPolicy.ASIDE);
-    LOGGER.info(appManager.printCacheContent());
+    LOGGER.info(AppManager.printCacheContent());
-    var userAccount3 = new UserAccount("003",
+    var userAccount3 = new UserAccount("003", "Adam", "He likes food.");
-            "Adam",
+    var userAccount4 = new UserAccount("004", "Rita", "She hates cats.");
-            "He likes food.");
+    var userAccount5 = new UserAccount("005", "Isaac", "He is allergic to mustard.");
-    var userAccount4 = new UserAccount("004",
+    AppManager.save(userAccount3);
-            "Rita",
+    AppManager.save(userAccount4);
-            "She hates cats.");
+    AppManager.save(userAccount5);
    var userAccount5 = new UserAccount("005",
            "Isaac",
            "He is allergic to mustard.");
    appManager.save(userAccount3);
    appManager.save(userAccount4);
    appManager.save(userAccount5);
-    LOGGER.info(appManager.printCacheContent());
+    LOGGER.info(AppManager.printCacheContent());
-    appManager.find("003");
+    AppManager.find("003");
-    LOGGER.info(appManager.printCacheContent());
+    LOGGER.info(AppManager.printCacheContent());
-    appManager.find("004");
+    AppManager.find("004");
-    LOGGER.info(appManager.printCacheContent());
+    LOGGER.info(AppManager.printCacheContent());
  }
 }
--- a/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/AppManager.java
+++ b/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/AppManager.java
@ -23,80 +23,65 @@
 package com.iluwatar.caching;
-import com.iluwatar.caching.database.DbManager;
+import java.text.ParseException;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 /**
- * AppManager helps to bridge the gap in communication between the main class
+ * AppManager helps to bridge the gap in communication between the main class and the application's
- * and the application's back-end. DB connection is initialized through this
+ * back-end. DB connection is initialized through this class. The chosen caching strategy/policy is
- * class. The chosen  caching strategy/policy is also initialized here.
+ * also initialized here. Before the cache can be used, the size of the cache has to be set.
- * Before the cache can be used, the size of the  cache has to be set.
+ * Depending on the chosen caching policy, AppManager will call the appropriate function in the
- * Depending on the chosen caching policy, AppManager will call the
+ * CacheStore class.
 * appropriate function in the CacheStore class.
 */
@Slf4j
-public class AppManager {
+public final class AppManager {
  /**
   * Caching Policy.
   */
  private CachingPolicy cachingPolicy;
  /**
   * Database Manager.
   */
  private final DbManager dbManager;
  /**
   * Cache Store.
   */
  private final CacheStore cacheStore;
-  /**
+  private static CachingPolicy cachingPolicy;
-   * Constructor.
+
-   *
+  private AppManager() {
   * @param newDbManager database manager
   */
  public AppManager(final DbManager newDbManager) {
    this.dbManager = newDbManager;
    this.cacheStore = new CacheStore(newDbManager);
  }
  /**
-   * Developer/Tester is able to choose whether the application should use
+   * Developer/Tester is able to choose whether the application should use MongoDB as its underlying
-   * MongoDB as its underlying data storage or a simple Java data structure
+   * data storage or a simple Java data structure to (temporarily) store the data/objects during
-   * to (temporarily) store the data/objects during runtime.
+   * runtime.
   */
-  public void initDb() {
+  public static void initDb(boolean useMongoDb) {
-    dbManager.connect();
+    if (useMongoDb) {
      try {
        DbManager.connect();
      } catch (ParseException e) {
        LOGGER.error("Error connecting to MongoDB", e);
      }
    } else {
      DbManager.createVirtualDb();
    }
  }
  /**
   * Initialize caching policy.
   *
   * @param policy is a {@link CachingPolicy}
   */
-  public void initCachingPolicy(final CachingPolicy policy) {
+  public static void initCachingPolicy(CachingPolicy policy) {
    cachingPolicy = policy;
    if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.BEHIND) {
-      Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread(cacheStore::flushCache));
+      Runtime.getRuntime().addShutdownHook(new Thread(CacheStore::flushCache));
    }
-    cacheStore.clearCache();
+    CacheStore.clearCache();
  }
  public static void initCacheCapacity(int capacity) {
    CacheStore.initCapacity(capacity);
  }
  /**
   * Find user account.
   *
   * @param userId String
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
-  public UserAccount find(final String userId) {
+  public static UserAccount find(String userId) {
-    LOGGER.info("Trying to find {} in cache", userId);
+    if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.THROUGH || cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.AROUND) {
-    if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.THROUGH
+      return CacheStore.readThrough(userId);
            || cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.AROUND) {
      return cacheStore.readThrough(userId);
    } else if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.BEHIND) {
-      return cacheStore.readThroughWithWriteBackPolicy(userId);
+      return CacheStore.readThroughWithWriteBackPolicy(userId);
    } else if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.ASIDE) {
      return findAside(userId);
    }
@ -105,55 +90,41 @@ public class AppManager {
  /**
   * Save user account.
   *
   * @param userAccount {@link UserAccount}
   */
-  public void save(final UserAccount userAccount) {
+  public static void save(UserAccount userAccount) {
    LOGGER.info("Save record!");
    if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.THROUGH) {
-      cacheStore.writeThrough(userAccount);
+      CacheStore.writeThrough(userAccount);
    } else if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.AROUND) {
-      cacheStore.writeAround(userAccount);
+      CacheStore.writeAround(userAccount);
    } else if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.BEHIND) {
-      cacheStore.writeBehind(userAccount);
+      CacheStore.writeBehind(userAccount);
    } else if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.ASIDE) {
      saveAside(userAccount);
    }
  }
-  /**
+  public static String printCacheContent() {
-   * Returns String.
+    return CacheStore.print();
   *
   * @return String
   */
  public String printCacheContent() {
    return cacheStore.print();
  }
  /**
   * Cache-Aside save user account helper.
   *
   * @param userAccount {@link UserAccount}
   */
-  private void saveAside(final UserAccount userAccount) {
+  private static void saveAside(UserAccount userAccount) {
-    dbManager.updateDb(userAccount);
+    DbManager.updateDb(userAccount);
-    cacheStore.invalidate(userAccount.getUserId());
+    CacheStore.invalidate(userAccount.getUserId());
  }
  /**
   * Cache-Aside find user account helper.
   *
   * @param userId String
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
-  private UserAccount findAside(final String userId) {
+  private static UserAccount findAside(String userId) {
-    return Optional.ofNullable(cacheStore.get(userId))
+    return Optional.ofNullable(CacheStore.get(userId))
-            .or(() -> {
+        .or(() -> {
-              Optional<UserAccount> userAccount =
+          Optional<UserAccount> userAccount = Optional.ofNullable(DbManager.readFromDb(userId));
-                      Optional.ofNullable(dbManager.readFromDb(userId));
+          userAccount.ifPresent(account -> CacheStore.set(userId, account));
-              userAccount.ifPresent(account -> cacheStore.set(userId, account));
+          return userAccount;
-              return userAccount;
+        })
-            })
+        .orElse(null);
            .orElse(null);
  }
 }
--- a/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/CacheStore.java
+++ b/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/CacheStore.java
@ -23,11 +23,9 @@
 package com.iluwatar.caching;
 import com.iluwatar.caching.database.DbManager;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 /**
@ -35,34 +33,16 @@ import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 */
@Slf4j
 public class CacheStore {
  /**
   * Cache capacity.
   */
  private static final int CAPACITY = 3;
-  /**
+  private static LruCache cache;
   * Lru cache see {@link LruCache}.
   */
  private LruCache cache;
  /**
   * DbManager.
   */
  private final DbManager dbManager;
-  /**
+  private CacheStore() {
   * Cache Store.
   * @param dataBaseManager {@link DbManager}
   */
  public CacheStore(final DbManager dataBaseManager) {
    this.dbManager = dataBaseManager;
    initCapacity(CAPACITY);
  }
  /**
   * Init cache capacity.
   * @param capacity int
   */
-  public void initCapacity(final int capacity) {
+  public static void initCapacity(int capacity) {
    if (cache == null) {
      cache = new LruCache(capacity);
    } else {
@ -72,64 +52,57 @@ public class CacheStore {
  /**
   * Get user account using read-through cache.
   * @param userId {@link String}
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
-  public UserAccount readThrough(final String userId) {
+  public static UserAccount readThrough(String userId) {
    if (cache.contains(userId)) {
-      LOGGER.info("# Found in Cache!");
+      LOGGER.info("# Cache Hit!");
      return cache.get(userId);
    }
-    LOGGER.info("# Not found in cache! Go to DB!!");
+    LOGGER.info("# Cache Miss!");
-    UserAccount userAccount = dbManager.readFromDb(userId);
+    UserAccount userAccount = DbManager.readFromDb(userId);
    cache.set(userId, userAccount);
    return userAccount;
  }
  /**
   * Get user account using write-through cache.
   * @param userAccount {@link UserAccount}
   */
-  public void writeThrough(final UserAccount userAccount) {
+  public static void writeThrough(UserAccount userAccount) {
    if (cache.contains(userAccount.getUserId())) {
-      dbManager.updateDb(userAccount);
+      DbManager.updateDb(userAccount);
    } else {
-      dbManager.writeToDb(userAccount);
+      DbManager.writeToDb(userAccount);
    }
    cache.set(userAccount.getUserId(), userAccount);
  }
  /**
   * Get user account using write-around cache.
   * @param userAccount {@link UserAccount}
   */
-  public void writeAround(final UserAccount userAccount) {
+  public static void writeAround(UserAccount userAccount) {
    if (cache.contains(userAccount.getUserId())) {
-      dbManager.updateDb(userAccount);
+      DbManager.updateDb(userAccount);
-      // Cache data has been updated -- remove older
+      cache.invalidate(userAccount.getUserId()); // Cache data has been updated -- remove older
      cache.invalidate(userAccount.getUserId());
      // version from cache.
    } else {
-      dbManager.writeToDb(userAccount);
+      DbManager.writeToDb(userAccount);
    }
  }
  /**
   * Get user account using read-through cache with write-back policy.
   * @param userId {@link String}
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
-  public UserAccount readThroughWithWriteBackPolicy(final String userId) {
+  public static UserAccount readThroughWithWriteBackPolicy(String userId) {
    if (cache.contains(userId)) {
-      LOGGER.info("# Found in cache!");
+      LOGGER.info("# Cache Hit!");
      return cache.get(userId);
    }
-    LOGGER.info("# Not found in Cache!");
+    LOGGER.info("# Cache Miss!");
-    UserAccount userAccount = dbManager.readFromDb(userId);
+    UserAccount userAccount = DbManager.readFromDb(userId);
    if (cache.isFull()) {
      LOGGER.info("# Cache is FULL! Writing LRU data to DB...");
      UserAccount toBeWrittenToDb = cache.getLruData();
-      dbManager.upsertDb(toBeWrittenToDb);
+      DbManager.upsertDb(toBeWrittenToDb);
    }
    cache.set(userId, userAccount);
    return userAccount;
@ -137,13 +110,12 @@ public class CacheStore {
  /**
   * Set user account.
   * @param userAccount {@link UserAccount}
   */
-  public void writeBehind(final UserAccount userAccount) {
+  public static void writeBehind(UserAccount userAccount) {
    if (cache.isFull() && !cache.contains(userAccount.getUserId())) {
      LOGGER.info("# Cache is FULL! Writing LRU data to DB...");
      UserAccount toBeWrittenToDb = cache.getLruData();
-      dbManager.upsertDb(toBeWrittenToDb);
+      DbManager.upsertDb(toBeWrittenToDb);
    }
    cache.set(userAccount.getUserId(), userAccount);
  }
@ -151,7 +123,7 @@ public class CacheStore {
  /**
   * Clears cache.
   */
-  public void clearCache() {
+  public static void clearCache() {
    if (cache != null) {
      cache.clear();
    }
@ -160,51 +132,44 @@ public class CacheStore {
  /**
   * Writes remaining content in the cache into the DB.
   */
-  public void flushCache() {
+  public static void flushCache() {
    LOGGER.info("# flushCache...");
    Optional.ofNullable(cache)
        .map(LruCache::getCacheDataInListForm)
        .orElse(List.of())
-        .forEach(dbManager::updateDb);
+        .forEach(DbManager::updateDb);
    dbManager.disconnect();
  }
  /**
   * Print user accounts.
   * @return {@link String}
   */
-  public String print() {
+  public static String print() {
    return Optional.ofNullable(cache)
        .map(LruCache::getCacheDataInListForm)
        .orElse(List.of())
        .stream()
        .map(userAccount -> userAccount.toString() + "\n")
-        .collect(Collectors.joining("", "\n--CACHE CONTENT--\n", "----"));
+        .collect(Collectors.joining("", "\n--CACHE CONTENT--\n", "----\n"));
  }
  /**
   * Delegate to backing cache store.
   * @param userId {@link String}
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
-  public UserAccount get(final String userId) {
+  public static UserAccount get(String userId) {
    return cache.get(userId);
  }
  /**
   * Delegate to backing cache store.
   * @param userId {@link String}
   * @param userAccount {@link UserAccount}
   */
-  public void set(final String userId, final UserAccount userAccount) {
+  public static void set(String userId, UserAccount userAccount) {
    cache.set(userId, userAccount);
  }
  /**
   * Delegate to backing cache store.
   * @param userId {@link String}
   */
-  public void invalidate(final String userId) {
+  public static void invalidate(String userId) {
    cache.invalidate(userId);
  }
 }
--- a/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/CachingPolicy.java
+++ b/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/CachingPolicy.java
@ -32,25 +32,10 @@ import lombok.Getter;
@AllArgsConstructor
@Getter
 public enum CachingPolicy {
  /**
   * Through.
   */
  THROUGH("through"),
  /**
   * AROUND.
   */
  AROUND("around"),
  /**
   * BEHIND.
   */
  BEHIND("behind"),
  /**
   * ASIDE.
   */
  ASIDE("aside");
  /**
   * Policy value.
   */
  private final String policy;
 }
--- a/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/DbManager.java
+++ b/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/DbManager.java
@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
 /*
 * The MIT License
 * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */
 package com.iluwatar.caching;
 import com.iluwatar.caching.constants.CachingConstants;
 import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
 import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
 import com.mongodb.client.model.UpdateOptions;
 import java.text.ParseException;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 import org.bson.Document;
 /**
 * <p>DBManager handles the communication with the underlying data store i.e. Database. It contains
 * the implemented methods for querying, inserting, and updating data. MongoDB was used as the
 * database for the application.</p>
 *
 * <p>Developer/Tester is able to choose whether the application should use MongoDB as its
 * underlying data storage (connect()) or a simple Java data structure to (temporarily) store the
 * data/objects during runtime (createVirtualDB()).</p>
 */
@Slf4j
 public final class DbManager {
  private static MongoClient mongoClient;
  private static MongoDatabase db;
  private static boolean useMongoDB;
  private static Map<String, UserAccount> virtualDB;
  private DbManager() {
  }
  /**
   * Create DB.
   */
  public static void createVirtualDb() {
    useMongoDB = false;
    virtualDB = new HashMap<>();
  }
  /**
   * Connect to DB.
   */
  public static void connect() throws ParseException {
    useMongoDB = true;
    mongoClient = new MongoClient();
    db = mongoClient.getDatabase("test");
  }
  /**
   * Read user account from DB.
   */
  public static UserAccount readFromDb(String userId) {
    if (!useMongoDB) {
      if (virtualDB.containsKey(userId)) {
        return virtualDB.get(userId);
      }
      return null;
    }
    if (db == null) {
      try {
        connect();
      } catch (ParseException e) {
        LOGGER.error("Error connecting to MongoDB", e);
      }
    }
    var iterable = db
        .getCollection(CachingConstants.USER_ACCOUNT)
        .find(new Document(CachingConstants.USER_ID, userId));
    if (iterable == null) {
      return null;
    }
    Document doc = iterable.first();
    String userName = doc.getString(CachingConstants.USER_NAME);
    String appInfo = doc.getString(CachingConstants.ADD_INFO);
    return new UserAccount(userId, userName, appInfo);
  }
  /**
   * Write user account to DB.
   */
  public static void writeToDb(UserAccount userAccount) {
    if (!useMongoDB) {
      virtualDB.put(userAccount.getUserId(), userAccount);
      return;
    }
    if (db == null) {
      try {
        connect();
      } catch (ParseException e) {
        LOGGER.error("Error connecting to MongoDB", e);
      }
    }
    db.getCollection(CachingConstants.USER_ACCOUNT).insertOne(
        new Document(CachingConstants.USER_ID, userAccount.getUserId())
            .append(CachingConstants.USER_NAME, userAccount.getUserName())
            .append(CachingConstants.ADD_INFO, userAccount.getAdditionalInfo())
    );
  }
  /**
   * Update DB.
   */
  public static void updateDb(UserAccount userAccount) {
    if (!useMongoDB) {
      virtualDB.put(userAccount.getUserId(), userAccount);
      return;
    }
    if (db == null) {
      try {
        connect();
      } catch (ParseException e) {
        LOGGER.error("Error connecting to MongoDB", e);
      }
    }
    db.getCollection(CachingConstants.USER_ACCOUNT).updateOne(
        new Document(CachingConstants.USER_ID, userAccount.getUserId()),
        new Document("$set", new Document(CachingConstants.USER_NAME, userAccount.getUserName())
            .append(CachingConstants.ADD_INFO, userAccount.getAdditionalInfo())));
  }
  /**
   * Insert data into DB if it does not exist. Else, update it.
   */
  public static void upsertDb(UserAccount userAccount) {
    if (!useMongoDB) {
      virtualDB.put(userAccount.getUserId(), userAccount);
      return;
    }
    if (db == null) {
      try {
        connect();
      } catch (ParseException e) {
        LOGGER.error("Error connecting to MongoDB", e);
      }
    }
    db.getCollection(CachingConstants.USER_ACCOUNT).updateOne(
        new Document(CachingConstants.USER_ID, userAccount.getUserId()),
        new Document("$set",
            new Document(CachingConstants.USER_ID, userAccount.getUserId())
                .append(CachingConstants.USER_NAME, userAccount.getUserName())
                .append(CachingConstants.ADD_INFO, userAccount.getAdditionalInfo())
        ),
        new UpdateOptions().upsert(true)
    );
  }
 }
--- a/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/LruCache.java
+++ b/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/LruCache.java
@ -29,83 +29,41 @@ import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 /**
- * Data structure/implementation of the application's cache. The data structure
+ * Data structure/implementation of the application's cache. The data structure consists of a hash
- * consists of a hash table attached with a doubly linked-list. The linked-list
+ * table attached with a doubly linked-list. The linked-list helps in capturing and maintaining the
- * helps in capturing and maintaining the LRU data in the cache. When a data is
+ * LRU data in the cache. When a data is queried (from the cache), added (to the cache), or updated,
- * queried (from the cache), added (to the cache), or updated, the data is
+ * the data is moved to the front of the list to depict itself as the most-recently-used data. The
- * moved to the front of the list to depict itself as the most-recently-used
+ * LRU data is always at the end of the list.
 * data. The LRU data is always at the end of the list.
 */
@Slf4j
 public class LruCache {
  /**
   * Static class Node.
   */
  static class Node {
    /**
     * user id.
     */
    private final String userId;
    /**
     * User Account.
     */
    private UserAccount userAccount;
    /**
     * previous.
     */
    private Node previous;
    /**
     * next.
     */
    private Node next;
-    /**
+  static class Node {
-     * Node definition.
+    String userId;
-     *
+    UserAccount userAccount;
-     * @param id      String
+    Node previous;
-     * @param account {@link UserAccount}
+    Node next;
-     */
+
-    Node(final String id, final UserAccount account) {
+    public Node(String userId, UserAccount userAccount) {
-      this.userId = id;
+      this.userId = userId;
-      this.userAccount = account;
+      this.userAccount = userAccount;
    }
  }
-  /**
+  int capacity;
-   * Capacity of Cache.
+  Map<String, Node> cache = new HashMap<>();
-   */
+  Node head;
-  private int capacity;
+  Node end;
  /**
   * Cache {@link HashMap}.
   */
  private Map<String, Node> cache = new HashMap<>();
  /**
   * Head.
   */
  private Node head;
  /**
   * End.
   */
  private Node end;
-  /**
+  public LruCache(int capacity) {
-   * Constructor.
+    this.capacity = capacity;
   *
   * @param cap Integer.
   */
  public LruCache(final int cap) {
    this.capacity = cap;
  }
  /**
   * Get user account.
   *
   * @param userId String
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
-  public UserAccount get(final String userId) {
+  public UserAccount get(String userId) {
    if (cache.containsKey(userId)) {
      var node = cache.get(userId);
      remove(node);
@ -117,10 +75,8 @@ public class LruCache {
  /**
   * Remove node from linked list.
   *
   * @param node {@link Node}
   */
-  public void remove(final Node node) {
+  public void remove(Node node) {
    if (node.previous != null) {
      node.previous.next = node.next;
    } else {
@ -135,10 +91,8 @@ public class LruCache {
  /**
   * Move node to the front of the list.
   *
   * @param node {@link Node}
   */
-  public void setHead(final Node node) {
+  public void setHead(Node node) {
    node.next = head;
    node.previous = null;
    if (head != null) {
@ -152,11 +106,8 @@ public class LruCache {
  /**
   * Set user account.
   *
   * @param userAccount {@link UserAccount}
   * @param userId      {@link String}
   */
-  public void set(final String userId, final UserAccount userAccount) {
+  public void set(String userId, UserAccount userAccount) {
    if (cache.containsKey(userId)) {
      var old = cache.get(userId);
      old.userAccount = userAccount;
@ -176,43 +127,25 @@ public class LruCache {
    }
  }
-  /**
+  public boolean contains(String userId) {
   * Check if Cache contains the userId.
   *
   * @param userId {@link String}
   * @return boolean
   */
  public boolean contains(final String userId) {
    return cache.containsKey(userId);
  }
  /**
   * Invalidate cache for user.
   *
   * @param userId {@link String}
   */
-  public void invalidate(final String userId) {
+  public void invalidate(String userId) {
    var toBeRemoved = cache.remove(userId);
    if (toBeRemoved != null) {
-      LOGGER.info("# {} has been updated! "
+      LOGGER.info("# {} has been updated! Removing older version from cache...", userId);
              + "Removing older version from cache...", userId);
      remove(toBeRemoved);
    }
  }
  /**
   * Check if the cache is full.
   * @return boolean
   */
  public boolean isFull() {
    return cache.size() >= capacity;
  }
  /**
   * Get LRU data.
   *
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
  public UserAccount getLruData() {
    return end.userAccount;
  }
@ -228,8 +161,6 @@ public class LruCache {
  /**
   * Returns cache data in list form.
   *
   * @return {@link List}
   */
  public List<UserAccount> getCacheDataInListForm() {
    var listOfCacheData = new ArrayList<UserAccount>();
@ -243,14 +174,10 @@ public class LruCache {
  /**
   * Set cache capacity.
   *
   * @param newCapacity int
   */
-  public void setCapacity(final int newCapacity) {
+  public void setCapacity(int newCapacity) {
    if (capacity > newCapacity) {
-      // Behavior can be modified to accommodate
+      clear(); // Behavior can be modified to accommodate for decrease in cache size. For now, we'll
      // for decrease in cache size. For now, we'll
      clear();
      // just clear the cache.
    } else {
      this.capacity = newCapacity;
--- a/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/UserAccount.java
+++ b/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/UserAccount.java
@ -24,28 +24,19 @@
 package com.iluwatar.caching;
 import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
-import lombok.Data;
+import lombok.Getter;
-import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode;
+import lombok.Setter;
 import lombok.ToString;
 /**
 * Entity class (stored in cache and DB) used in the application.
 */
-@Data
+@Setter
@Getter
@AllArgsConstructor
@ToString
@EqualsAndHashCode
 public class UserAccount {
  /**
   * User Id.
   */
  private String userId;
  /**
   * User Name.
   */
  private String userName;
  /**
   * Additional Info.
   */
  private String additionalInfo;
 }
--- a/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/constants/CachingConstants.java
+++ b/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/constants/CachingConstants.java
@ -26,27 +26,11 @@ package com.iluwatar.caching.constants;
 /**
 * Constant class for defining constants.
 */
-public final class CachingConstants {
+public class CachingConstants {
-  /**
+
   * User Account.
   */
  public static final String USER_ACCOUNT = "user_accounts";
  /**
   * User ID.
   */
  public static final String USER_ID = "userID";
  /**
   * User Name.
   */
  public static final String USER_NAME = "userName";
  /**
   * Additional Info.
   */
  public static final String ADD_INFO = "additionalInfo";
  /**
   * Constructor.
   */
  private CachingConstants() {
  }
 }
--- a/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/constants/package-info.java
+++ b/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/constants/package-info.java
@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
 /**
 * Constants.
 */
 package com.iluwatar.caching.constants;
--- a/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/database/DbManager.java
+++ b/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/database/DbManager.java
@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
 package com.iluwatar.caching.database;
 import com.iluwatar.caching.UserAccount;
 /**
 * <p>DBManager handles the communication with the underlying data store i.e.
 * Database. It contains the implemented methods for querying, inserting,
 * and updating data. MongoDB was used as the database for the application.</p>
 */
 public interface DbManager {
  /**
   * Connect to DB.
   */
  void connect();
  /**
   * Disconnect from DB.
   */
  void disconnect();
  /**
   * Read from DB.
   *
   * @param userId {@link String}
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
  UserAccount readFromDb(String userId);
  /**
   * Write to DB.
   *
   * @param userAccount {@link UserAccount}
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
  UserAccount writeToDb(UserAccount userAccount);
  /**
   * Update record.
   *
   * @param userAccount {@link UserAccount}
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
  UserAccount updateDb(UserAccount userAccount);
  /**
   * Update record or Insert if not exists.
   *
   * @param userAccount {@link UserAccount}
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
  UserAccount upsertDb(UserAccount userAccount);
 }
--- a/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/database/DbManagerFactory.java
+++ b/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/database/DbManagerFactory.java
@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
 package com.iluwatar.caching.database;
 /**
 * Creates the database connection accroding the input parameter.
 */
 public final class DbManagerFactory {
  /**
   * Private constructor.
   */
  private DbManagerFactory() {
  }
  /**
   * Init database.
   *
   * @param isMongo boolean
   * @return {@link DbManager}
   */
  public static DbManager initDb(final boolean isMongo) {
    if (isMongo) {
      return new MongoDb();
    }
    return new VirtualDb();
  }
 }
--- a/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/database/MongoDb.java
+++ b/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/database/MongoDb.java
@ -1,128 +0,0 @@
 package com.iluwatar.caching.database;
 import static com.iluwatar.caching.constants.CachingConstants.ADD_INFO;
 import static com.iluwatar.caching.constants.CachingConstants.USER_ACCOUNT;
 import static com.iluwatar.caching.constants.CachingConstants.USER_ID;
 import static com.iluwatar.caching.constants.CachingConstants.USER_NAME;
 import com.iluwatar.caching.UserAccount;
 import com.iluwatar.caching.constants.CachingConstants;
 import com.mongodb.MongoClient;
 import com.mongodb.MongoClientOptions;
 import com.mongodb.MongoCredential;
 import com.mongodb.ServerAddress;
 import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
 import com.mongodb.client.model.UpdateOptions;
 import java.util.List;
 import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
 import org.bson.Document;
 /**
 * Implementation of DatabaseManager.
 * implements base methods to work with MongoDb.
 */
@Slf4j
 public class MongoDb implements DbManager {
  private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "admin";
  private static final String MONGO_USER = "root";
  private static final String MONGO_PASSWORD = "rootpassword";
  private MongoClient client;
  private MongoDatabase db;
  /**
   * Connect to Db. Check th connection
   */
  @Override
  public void connect() {
    MongoCredential mongoCredential = MongoCredential.createCredential(MONGO_USER,
                    DATABASE_NAME,
                    MONGO_PASSWORD.toCharArray());
    MongoClientOptions options = MongoClientOptions.builder().build();
    client = new MongoClient(new ServerAddress(), List.of(mongoCredential), options);
    db = client.getDatabase(DATABASE_NAME);
  }
  @Override
  public void disconnect() {
    client.close();
  }
  /**
   * Read data from DB.
   *
   * @param userId {@link String}
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
  @Override
  public UserAccount readFromDb(final String userId) {
    var iterable = db
            .getCollection(CachingConstants.USER_ACCOUNT)
            .find(new Document(USER_ID, userId));
    if (iterable.first() == null) {
      return null;
    }
    Document doc = iterable.first();
    if (doc != null) {
      String userName = doc.getString(USER_NAME);
      String appInfo = doc.getString(ADD_INFO);
      return new UserAccount(userId, userName, appInfo);
    } else {
      return null;
    }
  }
  /**
   * Write data to DB.
   *
   * @param userAccount {@link UserAccount}
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
  @Override
  public UserAccount writeToDb(final UserAccount userAccount) {
    db.getCollection(USER_ACCOUNT).insertOne(
            new Document(USER_ID, userAccount.getUserId())
                    .append(USER_NAME, userAccount.getUserName())
                    .append(ADD_INFO, userAccount.getAdditionalInfo())
    );
    return userAccount;
  }
  /**
   * Update DB.
   *
   * @param userAccount {@link UserAccount}
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
  @Override
  public UserAccount updateDb(final UserAccount userAccount) {
    Document id = new Document(USER_ID, userAccount.getUserId());
    Document dataSet = new Document(USER_NAME, userAccount.getUserName())
            .append(ADD_INFO, userAccount.getAdditionalInfo());
    db.getCollection(CachingConstants.USER_ACCOUNT)
            .updateOne(id, new Document("$set", dataSet));
    return userAccount;
  }
  /**
   * Update data if exists.
   *
   * @param userAccount {@link UserAccount}
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
  @Override
  public UserAccount upsertDb(final UserAccount userAccount) {
    String userId = userAccount.getUserId();
    String userName = userAccount.getUserName();
    String additionalInfo = userAccount.getAdditionalInfo();
    db.getCollection(CachingConstants.USER_ACCOUNT).updateOne(
            new Document(USER_ID, userId),
            new Document("$set",
                    new Document(USER_ID, userId)
                            .append(USER_NAME, userName)
                            .append(ADD_INFO, additionalInfo)
            ),
            new UpdateOptions().upsert(true)
    );
    return userAccount;
  }
 }
--- a/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/database/VirtualDb.java
+++ b/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/database/VirtualDb.java
@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
 package com.iluwatar.caching.database;
 import com.iluwatar.caching.UserAccount;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
 /**
 * Implementation of DatabaseManager.
 * implements base methods to work with hashMap as database.
 */
 public class VirtualDb implements DbManager {
  /**
   * Virtual DataBase.
   */
  private Map<String, UserAccount> db;
  /**
   * Creates new HashMap.
   */
  @Override
  public void connect() {
    db = new HashMap<>();
  }
  @Override
  public void disconnect() {
    db = null;
  }
  /**
   * Read from Db.
   *
   * @param userId {@link String}
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
  @Override
  public UserAccount readFromDb(final String userId) {
    if (db.containsKey(userId)) {
      return db.get(userId);
    }
    return null;
  }
  /**
   * Write to DB.
   *
   * @param userAccount {@link UserAccount}
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
  @Override
  public UserAccount writeToDb(final UserAccount userAccount) {
    db.put(userAccount.getUserId(), userAccount);
    return userAccount;
  }
  /**
   * Update reecord in DB.
   *
   * @param userAccount {@link UserAccount}
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
  @Override
  public UserAccount updateDb(final UserAccount userAccount) {
    return writeToDb(userAccount);
  }
  /**
   * Update.
   *
   * @param userAccount {@link UserAccount}
   * @return {@link UserAccount}
   */
  @Override
  public UserAccount upsertDb(final UserAccount userAccount) {
    return updateDb(userAccount);
  }
 }
--- a/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/database/package-info.java
+++ b/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/database/package-info.java
@ -1,4 +0,0 @@
 /**
 * Database classes.
 */
 package com.iluwatar.caching.database;
--- a/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/package-info.java
+++ b/caching/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/caching/package-info.java
@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
 /**
 * The MIT License
 * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */
 package com.iluwatar.caching;
--- a/caching/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/caching/AppTest.java
+++ b/caching/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/caching/AppTest.java
@ -25,21 +25,25 @@ package com.iluwatar.caching;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow;
 /**
 * Tests that Caching example runs without errors.
 */
 class AppTest {
  /**
   * Issue: Add at least one assertion to this test case.
-   * <p>
+   *
   * Solution: Inserted assertion to check whether the execution of the main method in {@link App}
   * throws an exception.
   */
  @Test
  void shouldExecuteApplicationWithoutException() {
    assertDoesNotThrow(() -> App.main(new String[]{}));
  }
 }
--- a/caching/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/caching/CachingTest.java
+++ b/caching/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/caching/CachingTest.java
@ -23,11 +23,11 @@
 package com.iluwatar.caching;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
 /**
 * Application test
 */
@ -43,30 +43,32 @@ class CachingTest {
    // to avoid Maven compilation errors. Set flag to true to run the
    // tests with MongoDB (provided that MongoDB is installed and socket
    // connection is open).
-    app = new App(false);
+    AppManager.initDb(false);
    AppManager.initCacheCapacity(3);
    app = new App();
  }
  @Test
  void testReadAndWriteThroughStrategy() {
-    assertNotNull(app);
+	assertNotNull(app);
    app.useReadAndWriteThroughStrategy();
  }
  @Test
  void testReadThroughAndWriteAroundStrategy() {
-    assertNotNull(app);
+	assertNotNull(app);
    app.useReadThroughAndWriteAroundStrategy();
  }
  @Test
  void testReadThroughAndWriteBehindStrategy() {
-    assertNotNull(app);
+	assertNotNull(app);
    app.useReadThroughAndWriteBehindStrategy();
  }
  @Test
  void testCacheAsideStrategy() {
-    assertNotNull(app);
+	assertNotNull(app);
    app.useCacheAsideStategy();
  }
 }
--- a/caching/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/caching/database/MongoDbTest.java
+++ b/caching/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/caching/database/MongoDbTest.java
@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
 package com.iluwatar.caching.database;
 import com.iluwatar.caching.UserAccount;
 import com.iluwatar.caching.constants.CachingConstants;
 import com.mongodb.client.FindIterable;
 import com.mongodb.client.MongoCollection;
 import com.mongodb.client.MongoDatabase;
 import org.bson.Document;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.internal.util.reflection.Whitebox;
 import static com.iluwatar.caching.constants.CachingConstants.ADD_INFO;
 import static com.iluwatar.caching.constants.CachingConstants.USER_ID;
 import static com.iluwatar.caching.constants.CachingConstants.USER_NAME;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
 class MongoDbTest {
  private static final String ID = "123";
  private static final String NAME = "Some user";
  private static final String ADDITIONAL_INFO = "Some app Info";
  @Mock
  MongoDatabase db;
  private MongoDb mongoDb = new MongoDb();
  private UserAccount userAccount;
  @BeforeEach
  void init() {
    db = mock(MongoDatabase.class);
    Whitebox.setInternalState(mongoDb, "db", db);
    userAccount = new UserAccount(ID, NAME, ADDITIONAL_INFO);
  }
  @Test
  void connect() {
    assertDoesNotThrow(() -> mongoDb.connect());
  }
  @Test
  void readFromDb() {
    Document document = new Document(USER_ID, ID)
            .append(USER_NAME, NAME)
            .append(ADD_INFO, ADDITIONAL_INFO);
    MongoCollection<Document> mongoCollection = mock(MongoCollection.class);
    when(db.getCollection(CachingConstants.USER_ACCOUNT)).thenReturn(mongoCollection);
    FindIterable<Document> findIterable = mock(FindIterable.class);
    when(mongoCollection.find(any(Document.class))).thenReturn(findIterable);
    when(findIterable.first()).thenReturn(document);
    assertEquals(mongoDb.readFromDb(ID),userAccount);
  }
  @Test
  void writeToDb() {
    MongoCollection<Document> mongoCollection = mock(MongoCollection.class);
    when(db.getCollection(CachingConstants.USER_ACCOUNT)).thenReturn(mongoCollection);
    doNothing().when(mongoCollection).insertOne(any(Document.class));
    assertDoesNotThrow(()-> {mongoDb.writeToDb(userAccount);});
  }
  @Test
  void updateDb() {
    MongoCollection<Document> mongoCollection = mock(MongoCollection.class);
    when(db.getCollection(CachingConstants.USER_ACCOUNT)).thenReturn(mongoCollection);
    assertDoesNotThrow(()-> {mongoDb.updateDb(userAccount);});
  }
  @Test
  void upsertDb() {
    MongoCollection<Document> mongoCollection = mock(MongoCollection.class);
    when(db.getCollection(CachingConstants.USER_ACCOUNT)).thenReturn(mongoCollection);
    assertDoesNotThrow(()-> {mongoDb.upsertDb(userAccount);});
  }
 }
--- a/callback/pom.xml
+++ b/callback/pom.xml
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
 <!--
    The MIT License
@ -23,12 +23,13 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <parent>
    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <artifactId>callback</artifactId>
  <dependencies>
--- a/chain-of-responsibility/pom.xml
+++ b/chain-of-responsibility/pom.xml
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
 <!--
    The MIT License
@ -23,12 +23,13 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <parent>
    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <artifactId>chain-of-responsibility</artifactId>
  <dependencies>
--- a/checkstyle-suppressions.xml
+++ b/checkstyle-suppressions.xml
@ -23,10 +23,11 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<!DOCTYPE suppressions PUBLIC "-//Puppy Crawl//DTD Suppressions 1.1//EN" "http://www.puppycrawl.com/dtds/suppressions_1_1.dtd">
+<!DOCTYPE suppressions PUBLIC "-//Puppy Crawl//DTD Suppressions 1.1//EN"
    "http://www.puppycrawl.com/dtds/suppressions_1_1.dtd">
 <suppressions>
-  <suppress checks="AvoidStarImport" files="[\\/]src[\\/]test[\\/]java[\\/]" />
+   <suppress checks="AvoidStarImport" files="[\\/]src[\\/]test[\\/]java[\\/]"/>
-  <suppress checks="[a-zA-Z0-9]*" files="[\\/]src[\\/]test[\\/]resources[\\/]" />
+   <suppress checks="[a-zA-Z0-9]*" files="[\\/]src[\\/]test[\\/]resources[\\/]"/>
-  <suppress checks="[a-zA-Z0-9]*" files="[\\/]build[\\/]generated-sources[\\/]" />
+   <suppress checks="[a-zA-Z0-9]*" files="[\\/]build[\\/]generated-sources[\\/]"/>
-  <suppress checks="[a-zA-Z0-9]*" files="[\\/]src[\\/]main[\\/]resources[\\/]" />
+   <suppress checks="[a-zA-Z0-9]*" files="[\\/]src[\\/]main[\\/]resources[\\/]"/>
 </suppressions>
--- a/circuit-breaker/pom.xml
+++ b/circuit-breaker/pom.xml
@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
    The MIT License
@ -24,21 +23,21 @@
 -->
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
-  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
+    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
-  <parent>
+    <parent>
-    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
+        <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
+        <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
-  </parent>
+    </parent>
-  <artifactId>circuit-breaker</artifactId>
+    <artifactId>circuit-breaker</artifactId>
-  <dependencies>
+    <dependencies>
-    <dependency>
+        <dependency>
-      <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
+            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
-      <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
+            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
-      <scope>test</scope>
+            <scope>test</scope>
-    </dependency>
+        </dependency>
-  </dependencies>
+    </dependencies>
-  <build>
+    <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
--- a/cloud-claim-check-pattern/.gitignore
+++ b/cloud-claim-check-pattern/.gitignore
@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
 # Build output
 target/
 *.class
 # Log file
 *.log
 # BlueJ files
 *.ctxt
 # Mobile Tools for Java (J2ME)
 .mtj.tmp/
 # Package Files #
 *.jar
 *.war
 *.ear
 *.zip
 *.tar.gz
 *.rar
 # virtual machine crash logs, see http://www.java.com/en/download/help/error_hotspot.xml
 hs_err_pid*
 # IDE
 .idea/
 *.iml
 .settings/
 .project
 .classpath
 # macOS
 .DS_Store
 # Azure Functions
 local.settings.json
 bin/
 obj/
--- a/cloud-claim-check-pattern/README.md
+++ b/cloud-claim-check-pattern/README.md
@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
 ---
 layout: pattern
 title: Claim Check Pattern
 folder: cloud-claim-check-pattern
 permalink: /patterns/cloud-claim-check-pattern/
 categories: Cloud
 language: en
 tags:
  - Cloud distributed
  - Microservices
 ---
 ## Name
 [Claim Check Pattern](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/patterns/claim-check)
 ## Also known as
 [Reference-Based Messaging](https://www.enterpriseintegrationpatterns.com/patterns/messaging/StoreInLibrary.html)
 ## Intent
 - Reduce the load of data transfer through the Internet. Instead of sending actual data directly, just send the message reference.
 - Improve data security. As only message reference is shared, no data is exposed to the Internet.
 ## Explanation
 Real-World Example
 > Suppose if you want to build a photo processing system. A photo processing system takes an image as input, processes it, and outputs a different set of images. Consider system has one persistent storage, one input component, ten processing components, messaging platform. Once a photo is given to the input component, it stores that image on persistent storage. It then creates ten different messages/events with the same image location and publishes them to the messaging platform. The messaging platform triggers ten different processing components. The ten processing components extract information about image location from the received event and then read an image from persistent storage. They generate ten different images from the original image and drop these images again to persistent storage.
 In Plain words
 > Split a large message into a claim check and a payload. Send the claim check to the messaging platform and store the payload to an external service. This pattern allows large messages to be processed while protecting the message bus and the client from being overwhelmed or slowed down. This pattern also helps to reduce costs, as storage is usually cheaper than resource units used by the messaging platform.([ref](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/patterns/claim-check))
 ## Architecture Diagram
 ![alt text](./etc/Claim-Check-Pattern.png "Claim Check Pattern")
 ## Applicability
 Use the Claim Check Pattern when
 - Huge processing data causes a lot of bandwidth consumption to transfer data through the Internet.
 - To secure your data transfer by storing in common persistent storage.
 - Using a cloud platform - Azure Functions or AWS Lambda, Azure EventGrid or AWS Event Bridge, Azure Blob Storage or AWS S3 Bucket.
 - Each service must be independent and idempotent. Output data is dropped to persistent storage by the service.
 - Publish-subscribe messaging pattern needs to be used.
 ## Consequences
 - This pattern is stateless. Any compute API will not store any data.
 - You must have persistent storage and a reliable messaging platform.
 ## Tutorials
 ### Workflow
 Suppose a telecom company wants to build call cost calculator system which generate the call cost daily. At the end of each day, details of the calls made by the consumers are stored somewhere. The call calculator system will read this data and generate call cost data for each user. Consumers will be billed using this generated data in case of postpaid service.
 Producer class( `UsageDetailPublisherFunction` Azure Function) will generate call usage details (here we are generating call data in producer class itself. In real world scenario, it will read from storage). `UsageDetailPublisherFunction` creates a message. Message consists of message header and message body. Message header is basically an event grid event or claim or message reference. Message body contains actual data. `UsageDetailPublisherFunction` sends a message header to Event Grid topic `usage-detail` and drops an entire message to the blob storage. Event Grid then sent this message header to the `UsageCostProcessorFunction` Azure function. It will read the entire message from blob storage with the help of the header, will calculate call cost and drop the result to the blob storage.
 ### Class Diagrams
 ![alt text](./etc/class-diagram.png "Claim-Check-Class-Diagram")
 ### Setup
 - Any operating system can be used macOS, Windows, Linux as everything is deployed on Azure.
 - Install Java JDK 11 and set up Java environmental variables.
 - Install Git.
 - Install Visual Studio Code.
 - Install [ Azure Functions extension](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=ms-azuretools.vscode-azurefunctions) to be able to deploy using Visual studio.
 ### Storage Data
 The data is stored in the Azure blob storage in the container `callusageapp`. For every trigger, one GUID is created. Under the `GUID folder`, 2 files will be created `input.json` and `output.json`.
 `Input.json` is dropped `producer` azure function which contains call usage details.` Output.json` contains call cost details which are dropped by the `consumer` azure function.
 ## Credits
 - [Messaging Pattern - Claim Check](https://www.enterpriseintegrationpatterns.com/patterns/messaging/StoreInLibrary.html)
 - [Azure Architecture Pattern - Claim Check Pattern](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/patterns/claim-check)
--- a/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/.gitignore
+++ b/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/.gitignore
@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
 # Build output
 target/
 *.class
 # Log file
 *.log
 # BlueJ files
 *.ctxt
 # Mobile Tools for Java (J2ME)
 .mtj.tmp/
 # Package Files #
 *.jar
 *.war
 *.ear
 *.zip
 *.tar.gz
 *.rar
 # virtual machine crash logs, see http://www.java.com/en/download/help/error_hotspot.xml
 hs_err_pid*
 # IDE
 .idea/
 *.iml
 .settings/
 .project
 .classpath
 # macOS
 .DS_Store
 # Azure Functions
 local.settings.json
 bin/
 obj/
--- a/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/etc/call-usage-app.urm.puml
+++ b/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/etc/call-usage-app.urm.puml
@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
@startuml
 package com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.producer.calldetails.functions {
  class UsageDetailPublisherFunction {
    - eventHandlerUtility : EventHandlerUtility<MessageHeader>
    - messageHandlerUtility : MessageHandlerUtility<UsageDetail>
    + UsageDetailPublisherFunction()
    + UsageDetailPublisherFunction(messageHandlerUtility : MessageHandlerUtility<UsageDetail>, eventHandlerUtility : EventHandlerUtility<MessageHeader>)
    + run(request : HttpRequestMessage<Optional<String>>, context : ExecutionContext) : HttpResponseMessage
  }
 }
 package com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain {
  class Message<T> {
    - messageBody : MessageBody<T>
    - messageHeader : MessageHeader
    + Message<T>()
    + getMessageBody() : MessageBody<T>
    + getMessageHeader() : MessageHeader
    + setMessageBody(messageBody : MessageBody<T>)
    + setMessageHeader(messageHeader : MessageHeader)
  }
  class MessageBody<T> {
    - data : List<T>
    + MessageBody<T>()
    + getData() : List<T>
    + setData(data : List<T>)
  }
  class MessageHeader {
    - data : Object
    - dataVersion : String
    - eventTime : String
    - eventType : String
    - id : String
    - subject : String
    - topic : String
    + MessageHeader()
    + getData() : Object
    + getDataVersion() : String
    + getEventTime() : String
    + getEventType() : String
    + getId() : String
    + getSubject() : String
    + getTopic() : String
    + setData(data : Object)
    + setDataVersion(dataVersion : String)
    + setEventTime(eventTime : String)
    + setEventType(eventType : String)
    + setId(id : String)
    + setSubject(subject : String)
    + setTopic(topic : String)
  }
  class MessageReference {
    - dataFileName : String
    - dataLocation : String
    + MessageReference()
    + MessageReference(dataLocation : String, dataFileName : String)
    + getDataFileName() : String
    + getDataLocation() : String
    + setDataFileName(dataFileName : String)
    + setDataLocation(dataLocation : String)
  }
  class UsageCostDetail {
    - callCost : double
    - dataCost : double
    - userId : String
    + UsageCostDetail()
    + getCallCost() : double
    + getDataCost() : double
    + getUserId() : String
    + setCallCost(callCost : double)
    + setDataCost(dataCost : double)
    + setUserId(userId : String)
  }
  class UsageDetail {
    - data : int
    - duration : int
    - userId : String
    + UsageDetail()
    + getData() : int
    + getDuration() : int
    + getUserId() : String
    + setData(data : int)
    + setDuration(duration : int)
    + setUserId(userId : String)
  }
 }
 package com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.utility {
  class EventHandlerUtility<T> {
    - customEventClient : EventGridPublisherClient<BinaryData>
    + EventHandlerUtility<T>()
    + EventHandlerUtility<T>(customEventClient : EventGridPublisherClient<BinaryData>)
    + publishEvent(customEvent : T, logger : Logger)
  }
  class MessageHandlerUtility<T> {
    - blobServiceClient : BlobServiceClient
    + MessageHandlerUtility<T>()
    + MessageHandlerUtility<T>(blobServiceClient : BlobServiceClient)
    + dropToPersistantStorage(message : Message<T>, logger : Logger)
    + readFromPersistantStorage(messageReference : MessageReference, logger : Logger) : Message<T>
  }
 }
 package com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.consumer.callcostprocessor.functions {
  class UsageCostProcessorFunction {
    - messageHandlerUtilityForUsageCostDetail : MessageHandlerUtility<UsageCostDetail>
    - messageHandlerUtilityForUsageDetail : MessageHandlerUtility<UsageDetail>
    + UsageCostProcessorFunction()
    + UsageCostProcessorFunction(messageHandlerUtilityForUsageDetail : MessageHandlerUtility<UsageDetail>, messageHandlerUtilityForUsageCostDetail : MessageHandlerUtility<UsageCostDetail>)
    - calculateUsageCostDetails(usageDetailsList : List<UsageDetail>) : List<UsageCostDetail>
    + run(request : HttpRequestMessage<Optional<String>>, context : ExecutionContext) : HttpResponseMessage
  }
 }
 UsageCostProcessorFunction -->  "-messageHandlerUtilityForUsageDetail" MessageHandlerUtility
 Message -->  "-messageBody" MessageBody
 UsageDetailPublisherFunction -->  "-eventHandlerUtility" EventHandlerUtility
 Builder ..+ HttpResponseMessage
 UsageDetailPublisherFunction -->  "-messageHandlerUtility" MessageHandlerUtility
 Message -->  "-messageHeader" MessageHeader
@enduml
--- a/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/host.json
+++ b/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/host.json
@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
 {
  "version": "2.0",
  "extensionBundle": {
    "id": "Microsoft.Azure.Functions.ExtensionBundle",
    "version": "[1.*, 2.0.0)"
  } 
 }
--- a/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/pom.xml
+++ b/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/pom.xml
@ -1,150 +0,0 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
 <!--
    The MIT License
    Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
    of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
    in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
    to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
    copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
    furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
    all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
 	    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
 	    <artifactId>claim-check-pattern</artifactId>
 	    <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>		
 	 </parent>
    <artifactId>call-usage-app</artifactId>
    <name>call-usage-app</name>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <azure.functions.maven.plugin.version>1.14.0</azure.functions.maven.plugin.version>
        <azure.functions.java.library.version>1.4.2</azure.functions.java.library.version>
        <functionAppName>CallUsageApp</functionAppName>
    </properties>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.azure</groupId>
                <artifactId>azure-sdk-bom</artifactId>
                <version>1.0.4</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.microsoft.azure.functions</groupId>
            <artifactId>azure-functions-java-library</artifactId>
            <version>${azure.functions.java.library.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.azure</groupId>
            <artifactId>azure-messaging-eventgrid</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.azure</groupId>
            <artifactId>azure-storage-blob</artifactId>
            <version>12.13.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Test -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
            <artifactId>mockito-core</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>com.microsoft.azure</groupId>
                <artifactId>azure-functions-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${azure.functions.maven.plugin.version}</version>
                <configuration>
                    <!-- function app name -->
                    <appName>${functionAppName}</appName>
                    <!-- function app resource group -->
                    <resourceGroup>java-functions-group</resourceGroup>
                    <!-- function app service plan name -->
                    <appServicePlanName>java-functions-app-service-plan</appServicePlanName>
                    <!-- function app region-->
                    <!-- refers https://github.com/microsoft/azure-maven-plugins/wiki/Azure-Functions:-Configuration-Details#supported-regions for all valid values -->
                    <region>westus</region>
                    <!-- function pricingTier, default to be consumption if not specified -->
                    <!-- refers https://github.com/microsoft/azure-maven-plugins/wiki/Azure-Functions:-Configuration-Details#supported-pricing-tiers for all valid values -->
                    <!-- <pricingTier></pricingTier> -->
                    <!-- Whether to disable application insights, default is false -->
                    <!-- refers https://github.com/microsoft/azure-maven-plugins/wiki/Azure-Functions:-Configuration-Details for all valid configurations for application insights-->
                    <!-- <disableAppInsights></disableAppInsights> -->
                    <runtime>
                        <!-- runtime os, could be windows, linux or docker-->
                        <os>windows</os>
                        <javaVersion>11</javaVersion>
                    </runtime>
                    <appSettings>
                        <property>
                            <name>FUNCTIONS_EXTENSION_VERSION</name>
                            <value>~3</value>
                        </property>
                    </appSettings>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>package-functions</id>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>package</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
            <!--Remove obj folder generated by .NET SDK in maven clean-->
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.1.0</version>
                <configuration>
                    <filesets>
                        <fileset>
                            <directory>obj</directory>
                        </fileset>
                    </filesets>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
 </project>
--- a/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/claimcheckpattern/consumer/callcostprocessor/functions/UsageCostProcessorFunction.java
+++ b/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/claimcheckpattern/consumer/callcostprocessor/functions/UsageCostProcessorFunction.java
@ -1,168 +0,0 @@
 /*
 * The MIT License
 * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */
 package com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.consumer.callcostprocessor.functions;
 import com.azure.core.util.BinaryData;
 import com.azure.core.util.serializer.TypeReference;
 import com.azure.messaging.eventgrid.EventGridEvent;
 import com.azure.messaging.eventgrid.systemevents.SubscriptionValidationEventData;
 import com.azure.messaging.eventgrid.systemevents.SubscriptionValidationResponse;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain.Message;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain.MessageBody;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain.MessageHeader;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain.MessageReference;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain.UsageCostDetail;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain.UsageDetail;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.utility.MessageHandlerUtility;
 import com.microsoft.azure.functions.ExecutionContext;
 import com.microsoft.azure.functions.HttpMethod;
 import com.microsoft.azure.functions.HttpRequestMessage;
 import com.microsoft.azure.functions.HttpResponseMessage;
 import com.microsoft.azure.functions.HttpStatus;
 import com.microsoft.azure.functions.annotation.AuthorizationLevel;
 import com.microsoft.azure.functions.annotation.FunctionName;
 import com.microsoft.azure.functions.annotation.HttpTrigger;
 import java.time.OffsetDateTime;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Optional;
 /**
 * Azure Functions with HTTP Trigger.
 * This is Consumer class.
 */
 public class UsageCostProcessorFunction {
  private MessageHandlerUtility<UsageDetail> messageHandlerUtilityForUsageDetail;
  private MessageHandlerUtility<UsageCostDetail> messageHandlerUtilityForUsageCostDetail;
  public UsageCostProcessorFunction() {
    this.messageHandlerUtilityForUsageDetail = new MessageHandlerUtility<>();
    this.messageHandlerUtilityForUsageCostDetail = new MessageHandlerUtility<>();
  }
  public UsageCostProcessorFunction(
      MessageHandlerUtility<UsageDetail> messageHandlerUtilityForUsageDetail,
      MessageHandlerUtility<UsageCostDetail> messageHandlerUtilityForUsageCostDetail) {
    this.messageHandlerUtilityForUsageDetail = messageHandlerUtilityForUsageDetail;
    this.messageHandlerUtilityForUsageCostDetail = messageHandlerUtilityForUsageCostDetail;
  }
  /**
   * Azure function which gets triggered when event grid event send event to it.
   * After receiving event, it read input file from blob storage, calculate call cost details.
   * It creates new message with cost details and drop message to blob storage.
   * @param request represents HttpRequestMessage
   * @param context represents ExecutionContext
   * @return HttpResponseMessage
   */
  @FunctionName("UsageCostProcessorFunction")
  public HttpResponseMessage run(@HttpTrigger(name = "req", methods = { HttpMethod.GET,
      HttpMethod.POST }, authLevel = AuthorizationLevel.ANONYMOUS)
                                       HttpRequestMessage<Optional<String>> request,
                                 final ExecutionContext context) {
    try {
      var eventGridEvents = EventGridEvent.fromString(request.getBody().get());
      for (var eventGridEvent : eventGridEvents) {
        // Handle system events
        if (eventGridEvent.getEventType()
            .equals("Microsoft.EventGrid.SubscriptionValidationEvent")) {
          SubscriptionValidationEventData subscriptionValidationEventData = eventGridEvent.getData()
              .toObject(SubscriptionValidationEventData.class);
          // Handle the subscription validation event
          var responseData = new SubscriptionValidationResponse();
          responseData.setValidationResponse(subscriptionValidationEventData.getValidationCode());
          return request.createResponseBuilder(HttpStatus.OK).body(responseData).build();
        } else if (eventGridEvent.getEventType().equals("UsageDetail")) {
          // Get message header and reference
          var messageReference = eventGridEvent.getData()
              .toObject(MessageReference.class);
          // Read message from persistent storage
          var message = this.messageHandlerUtilityForUsageDetail
              .readFromPersistantStorage(messageReference, context.getLogger());
          // Get Data and generate cost details
          List<UsageDetail> usageDetailsList = BinaryData.fromObject(
              message.getMessageBody().getData())
              .toObject(new TypeReference<>() {
              });
          var usageCostDetailsList = calculateUsageCostDetails(usageDetailsList);
          // Create message body
          var newMessageBody = new MessageBody<UsageCostDetail>();
          newMessageBody.setData(usageCostDetailsList);
          // Create message header
          var newMessageReference = new MessageReference("callusageapp",
              eventGridEvent.getId() + "/output.json");
          var newMessageHeader = new MessageHeader();
          newMessageHeader.setId(eventGridEvent.getId());
          newMessageHeader.setSubject("UsageCostProcessor");
          newMessageHeader.setTopic("");
          newMessageHeader.setEventType("UsageCostDetail");
          newMessageHeader.setEventTime(OffsetDateTime.now().toString());
          newMessageHeader.setData(newMessageReference);
          newMessageHeader.setDataVersion("v1.0");
          // Create entire message
          var newMessage = new Message<UsageCostDetail>();
          newMessage.setMessageHeader(newMessageHeader);
          newMessage.setMessageBody(newMessageBody);
          // Drop data to persistent storage
          this.messageHandlerUtilityForUsageCostDetail.dropToPersistantStorage(newMessage,
              context.getLogger());
          context.getLogger().info("Message is dropped successfully");
          return request.createResponseBuilder(HttpStatus.OK)
              .body("Message is dropped successfully").build();
        }
      }
    } catch (Exception e) {
      context.getLogger().warning(e.getMessage());
    }
    return request.createResponseBuilder(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).body(null).build();
  }
  private List<UsageCostDetail> calculateUsageCostDetails(List<UsageDetail> usageDetailsList) {
    if (usageDetailsList == null) {
      return null;
    }
    var usageCostDetailsList = new ArrayList<UsageCostDetail>();
    usageDetailsList.forEach(usageDetail -> {
      var usageCostDetail = new UsageCostDetail();
      usageCostDetail.setUserId(usageDetail.getUserId());
      usageCostDetail.setCallCost(usageDetail.getDuration() * 0.30); // 0.30₹ per minute
      usageCostDetail.setDataCost(usageDetail.getData() * 0.20); // 0.20₹ per MB
      usageCostDetailsList.add(usageCostDetail);
    });
    return usageCostDetailsList;
  }
 }
--- a/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/claimcheckpattern/domain/Message.java
+++ b/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/claimcheckpattern/domain/Message.java
@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
 /*
 * The MIT License
 * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */
 package com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain;
 import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
 import lombok.Data;
 import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
 /**
 * It is the message which gets dropped or read by Producer or Consumer Azure functions.
 * It is stored in the json format.
 * @param <T> represents UsageDetail or UsageCostDetail
 */
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
 public class Message<T> {
  private MessageHeader messageHeader;
  private MessageBody<T> messageBody;
 }
--- a/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/claimcheckpattern/domain/MessageBody.java
+++ b/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/claimcheckpattern/domain/MessageBody.java
@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
 /*
 * The MIT License
 * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */
 package com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain;
 import java.util.List;
 import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
 import lombok.Data;
 import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
 /**
 * It is message body of the message.
 * It stores actual data in our case UsageCostDetail or UsageDetail.
 * @param <T> represents UsageDetail or UsageCostDetail
 */
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
 public class MessageBody<T> {
  private List<T> data;
 }
--- a/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/claimcheckpattern/domain/MessageHeader.java
+++ b/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/claimcheckpattern/domain/MessageHeader.java
@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
 /*
 * The MIT License
 * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */
 package com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain;
 import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
 import lombok.Data;
 import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
 /**
 * This is message header or event which is sent to Event Grid.
 * Its structure is same as Azure Event Grid Event Class.
 */
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
 public class MessageHeader {
  private String id;
  private String subject;
  private String topic;
  private String eventType;
  private String eventTime;
  private Object data;
  private String dataVersion;
 }
--- a/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/claimcheckpattern/domain/MessageReference.java
+++ b/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/claimcheckpattern/domain/MessageReference.java
@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
 /*
 * The MIT License
 * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */
 package com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain;
 import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
 import lombok.Data;
 import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
 /**
 * This is claim/message reference class.
 * It contains the information about data where it is stored in persistent storage
 * and file name.
 * dataLocation is blob storage container name.
 * dataFileName is file name in above container.
 */
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
 public class MessageReference {
  private String dataLocation;
  private String dataFileName;
 }
--- a/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/claimcheckpattern/domain/UsageCostDetail.java
+++ b/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/claimcheckpattern/domain/UsageCostDetail.java
@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
 /*
 * The MIT License
 * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */
 package com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain;
 import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
 import lombok.Data;
 import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
 /**
 * This is call cost details class.
 * It stores userId of the caller, call duration cost and data cost.
 */
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
 public class UsageCostDetail {
  private String userId;
  private double callCost;
  private double dataCost;
 }
--- a/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/claimcheckpattern/domain/UsageDetail.java
+++ b/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/claimcheckpattern/domain/UsageDetail.java
@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
 /*
 * The MIT License
 * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */
 package com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain;
 import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
 import lombok.Data;
 import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
 /**
 * This is call usage detail calls.
 * It stores userId of the caller, call duration and data used.
 */
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
 public class UsageDetail {
  private String userId;
  private int duration;
  private int data;
 }
--- a/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/claimcheckpattern/producer/calldetails/functions/UsageDetailPublisherFunction.java
+++ b/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/claimcheckpattern/producer/calldetails/functions/UsageDetailPublisherFunction.java
@ -1,146 +0,0 @@
 /*
 * The MIT License
 * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */
 package com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.producer.calldetails.functions;
 import com.azure.messaging.eventgrid.EventGridEvent;
 import com.azure.messaging.eventgrid.systemevents.SubscriptionValidationEventData;
 import com.azure.messaging.eventgrid.systemevents.SubscriptionValidationResponse;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain.Message;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain.MessageBody;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain.MessageHeader;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain.MessageReference;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain.UsageDetail;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.utility.EventHandlerUtility;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.utility.MessageHandlerUtility;
 import com.microsoft.azure.functions.ExecutionContext;
 import com.microsoft.azure.functions.HttpMethod;
 import com.microsoft.azure.functions.HttpRequestMessage;
 import com.microsoft.azure.functions.HttpResponseMessage;
 import com.microsoft.azure.functions.HttpStatus;
 import com.microsoft.azure.functions.annotation.AuthorizationLevel;
 import com.microsoft.azure.functions.annotation.FunctionName;
 import com.microsoft.azure.functions.annotation.HttpTrigger;
 import java.time.OffsetDateTime;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.Random;
 import java.util.UUID;
 /**
 * Azure Functions with HTTP Trigger.
 * This is Producer class.
 */
 public class UsageDetailPublisherFunction {
  private MessageHandlerUtility<UsageDetail> messageHandlerUtility;
  private EventHandlerUtility<MessageHeader> eventHandlerUtility;
  public UsageDetailPublisherFunction() {
    this.messageHandlerUtility = new MessageHandlerUtility<>();
    this.eventHandlerUtility = new EventHandlerUtility<>();
  }
  public UsageDetailPublisherFunction(MessageHandlerUtility<UsageDetail> messageHandlerUtility,
      EventHandlerUtility<MessageHeader> eventHandlerUtility) {
    this.messageHandlerUtility = messageHandlerUtility;
    this.eventHandlerUtility = eventHandlerUtility;
  }
  /**
   * Azure function which create message, drop it in persistent storage
   * and publish the event to Event Grid topic.
   * @param request represents HttpRequestMessage
   * @param context represents ExecutionContext
   * @return HttpResponseMessage
   */
  @FunctionName("UsageDetailPublisherFunction")
  public HttpResponseMessage run(@HttpTrigger(name = "req", methods = {
      HttpMethod.POST }, authLevel = AuthorizationLevel.ANONYMOUS)
      HttpRequestMessage<Optional<String>> request,
      final ExecutionContext context) {
    try {
      var eventGridEvents = EventGridEvent.fromString(request.getBody().get());
      for (EventGridEvent eventGridEvent : eventGridEvents) {
        // Handle system events
        if (eventGridEvent.getEventType()
            .equals("Microsoft.EventGrid.SubscriptionValidationEvent")) {
          SubscriptionValidationEventData subscriptionValidationEventData = eventGridEvent.getData()
              .toObject(SubscriptionValidationEventData.class);
          // Handle the subscription validation event
          var responseData = new SubscriptionValidationResponse();
          responseData.setValidationResponse(subscriptionValidationEventData.getValidationCode());
          return request.createResponseBuilder(HttpStatus.OK).body(responseData).build();
        } else if (eventGridEvent.getEventType().equals("UsageDetail")) {
          // Create message body
          var messageBody = new MessageBody<UsageDetail>();
          var usageDetailsList = new ArrayList<UsageDetail>();
          var random = new Random();
          for (int i = 0; i < 51; i++) {
            var usageDetail = new UsageDetail();
            usageDetail.setUserId("userId" + i);
            usageDetail.setData(random.nextInt(500));
            usageDetail.setDuration(random.nextInt(500));
            usageDetailsList.add(usageDetail);
          }
          messageBody.setData(usageDetailsList);
          // Create message header
          var messageHeader = new MessageHeader();
          messageHeader.setId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
          messageHeader.setSubject("UsageDetailPublisher");
          messageHeader.setTopic("usagecostprocessorfunction-topic");
          messageHeader.setEventType("UsageDetail");
          messageHeader.setEventTime(OffsetDateTime.now().toString());
          var messageReference = new MessageReference("callusageapp",
              messageHeader.getId() + "/input.json");
          messageHeader.setData(messageReference);
          messageHeader.setDataVersion("v1.0");
          // Create entire message
          var message = new Message<UsageDetail>();
          message.setMessageHeader(messageHeader);
          message.setMessageBody(messageBody);
          // Drop data to persistent storage
          this.messageHandlerUtility.dropToPersistantStorage(message, context.getLogger());
          // Publish event to event grid topic
          eventHandlerUtility.publishEvent(messageHeader, context.getLogger());
          context.getLogger().info("Message is dropped and event is published successfully");
          return request.createResponseBuilder(HttpStatus.OK).body(message).build();
        }
      }
    } catch (Exception e) {
      context.getLogger().warning(e.getMessage());
    }
    return request.createResponseBuilder(HttpStatus.OK).body(null).build();
  }
 }
--- a/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/claimcheckpattern/utility/EventHandlerUtility.java
+++ b/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/claimcheckpattern/utility/EventHandlerUtility.java
@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
 /*
 * The MIT License
 * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */
 package com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.utility;
 import com.azure.core.credential.AzureKeyCredential;
 import com.azure.core.util.BinaryData;
 import com.azure.messaging.eventgrid.EventGridPublisherClient;
 import com.azure.messaging.eventgrid.EventGridPublisherClientBuilder;
 import java.util.logging.Logger;
 /**
 * This class is event publisher utility which published message header to Event Grid topic.
 * @param <T> represents UsageDetail or UsageCostDetail
 */
 public class EventHandlerUtility<T> {
  private EventGridPublisherClient<BinaryData> customEventClient;
  /** Default constructor.
   */
  public EventHandlerUtility() {
    this.customEventClient = new EventGridPublisherClientBuilder()
            .endpoint(System.getenv("EventGridURL"))
        .credential(new AzureKeyCredential(System.getenv("EventGridKey")))
            .buildCustomEventPublisherClient();
  }
  /**
  Parameterized constructor.
   */
  public EventHandlerUtility(EventGridPublisherClient<BinaryData> customEventClient) {
    this.customEventClient = customEventClient;
  }
  /**
  Method for publishing event to Event Grid Topic.
   */
  public void publishEvent(T customEvent, Logger logger) {
    try {
      customEventClient.sendEvent(BinaryData.fromObject(customEvent));
    } catch (Exception e) {
      logger.info(e.getMessage());
    }
  }
 }
--- a/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/claimcheckpattern/utility/MessageHandlerUtility.java
+++ b/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/claimcheckpattern/utility/MessageHandlerUtility.java
@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
 /*
 * The MIT License
 * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */
 package com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.utility;
 import com.azure.core.util.BinaryData;
 import com.azure.core.util.serializer.TypeReference;
 import com.azure.storage.blob.BlobClient;
 import com.azure.storage.blob.BlobContainerClient;
 import com.azure.storage.blob.BlobServiceClient;
 import com.azure.storage.blob.BlobServiceClientBuilder;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain.Message;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain.MessageReference;
 import java.util.logging.Logger;
 /**
 * This class read and drop message from Azure blob storage.
 * @param <T> represents UsageDetail or UsageCostDetail
 */
 public class MessageHandlerUtility<T> {
  private BlobServiceClient blobServiceClient;
  /**
   * Parameterized constructor.
   * @param blobServiceClient represents BlobServiceClient
   */
  public MessageHandlerUtility(BlobServiceClient blobServiceClient) {
    this.blobServiceClient = blobServiceClient;
  }
  /**
   * Default constructor.
   */
  public MessageHandlerUtility() {
    // Create a BlobServiceClient object which will be used to create a container
    // client
    this.blobServiceClient = new BlobServiceClientBuilder()
        .connectionString(System.getenv("BlobStorageConnectionString")).buildClient();
  }
  /**
   * Read message from blob storage.
   * @param messageReference represents MessageReference
   * @param logger represents Logger
   * @return Message
   */
  public Message<T> readFromPersistantStorage(MessageReference messageReference, Logger logger) {
    Message<T> message = null;
    try {
      // Get container name from message reference
      String containerName = messageReference.getDataLocation();
      // Get blob name from message reference
      String blobName = messageReference.getDataFileName();
      // Get container client
      BlobContainerClient containerClient = blobServiceClient.getBlobContainerClient(containerName);
      // Get a reference to a blob
      BlobClient blobClient = containerClient.getBlobClient(blobName);
      // download the blob
      message = blobClient.downloadContent().toObject(new TypeReference<Message<T>>() {
      });
    } catch (Exception e) {
      logger.info(e.getMessage());
    }
    return message;
  }
  /**
   * Drop message to blob storage.
   * @param message represents Message
   * @param logger represents Logger
   */
  public void dropToPersistantStorage(Message<T> message, Logger logger) {
    try {
      // Get message reference
      MessageReference messageReference = (MessageReference) message.getMessageHeader().getData();
      // Create a unique name for the container
      String containerName = messageReference.getDataLocation();
      // Create the container and return a container client object
      BlobContainerClient containerClient = this.blobServiceClient
          .getBlobContainerClient(containerName);
      if (!containerClient.exists()) {
        containerClient.create();
      }
      // Get a reference to a blob
      BlobClient blobClient = containerClient.getBlobClient(messageReference.getDataFileName());
      // Upload the blob
      blobClient.upload(BinaryData.fromObject(message));
    } catch (Exception e) {
      logger.info(e.getMessage());
    }
  }
 }
--- a/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/claimcheckpattern/HttpResponseMessageMock.java
+++ b/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/claimcheckpattern/HttpResponseMessageMock.java
@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
 /*
 * The MIT License
 * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */
 package com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern;
 import com.microsoft.azure.functions.HttpResponseMessage;
 import com.microsoft.azure.functions.HttpStatus;
 import com.microsoft.azure.functions.HttpStatusType;
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
 /**
 * The mock for HttpResponseMessage, can be used in unit tests to verify if the
 * returned response by HTTP trigger function is correct or not.
 */
 public class HttpResponseMessageMock implements HttpResponseMessage {
    private int httpStatusCode;
    private HttpStatusType httpStatus;
    private Object body;
    private Map<String, String> headers;
    public HttpResponseMessageMock(HttpStatusType status, Map<String, String> headers, Object body) {
        this.httpStatus = status;
        this.httpStatusCode = status.value();
        this.headers = headers;
        this.body = body;
    }
    @Override
    public HttpStatusType getStatus() {
        return this.httpStatus;
    }
    @Override
    public int getStatusCode() {
        return httpStatusCode;
    }
    @Override
    public String getHeader(String key) {
        return this.headers.get(key);
    }
    @Override
    public Object getBody() {
        return this.body;
    }
    public static class HttpResponseMessageBuilderMock implements HttpResponseMessage.Builder {
        private Object body;
        private int httpStatusCode;
        private Map<String, String> headers = new HashMap<>();
        private HttpStatusType httpStatus;
        public Builder status(HttpStatus status) {
            this.httpStatusCode = status.value();
            this.httpStatus = status;
            return this;
        }
        @Override
        public Builder status(HttpStatusType httpStatusType) {
            this.httpStatusCode = httpStatusType.value();
            this.httpStatus = httpStatusType;
            return this;
        }
        @Override
        public HttpResponseMessage.Builder header(String key, String value) {
            this.headers.put(key, value);
            return this;
        }
        @Override
        public HttpResponseMessage.Builder body(Object body) {
            this.body = body;
            return this;
        }
        @Override
        public HttpResponseMessage build() {
            return new HttpResponseMessageMock(this.httpStatus, this.headers, this.body);
        }
    }
 }
--- a/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/claimcheckpattern/consumer/callcostprocessor/functions/UsageCostProcessorFunctionTest.java
+++ b/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/claimcheckpattern/consumer/callcostprocessor/functions/UsageCostProcessorFunctionTest.java
@ -1,181 +0,0 @@
 /*
 * The MIT License
 * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */
 package com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.consumer.callcostprocessor.functions;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.HttpResponseMessageMock;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain.Message;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain.MessageBody;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain.MessageHeader;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain.MessageReference;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain.UsageCostDetail;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain.UsageDetail;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.utility.MessageHandlerUtility;
 import com.microsoft.azure.functions.ExecutionContext;
 import com.microsoft.azure.functions.HttpRequestMessage;
 import com.microsoft.azure.functions.HttpResponseMessage;
 import com.microsoft.azure.functions.HttpStatus;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
 import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.invocation.InvocationOnMock;
 import org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoExtension;
 import org.mockito.stubbing.Answer;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Paths;
 import java.time.OffsetDateTime;
 import java.util.*;
 import java.util.logging.Logger;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertNotNull;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
 /**
 * Unit test for Function class.
 */
@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
 public class UsageCostProcessorFunctionTest {
    @Mock
    MessageHandlerUtility<UsageDetail> mockMessageHandlerUtilityForUsageADetail;
    @Mock
    MessageHandlerUtility<UsageCostDetail> mockMessageHandlerUtilityForUsageCostDetail;
    @Mock
    ExecutionContext context;
    Message<UsageCostDetail> messageToDrop;
    Message<UsageDetail> messageToRead;
    MessageReference messageReference;
    @InjectMocks
    UsageCostProcessorFunction usageCostProcessorFunction;
    @BeforeEach
    public void setUp() {
        var messageBodyUsageDetail = new MessageBody<UsageDetail>();
        var usageDetailsList = new ArrayList<UsageDetail>();
        var messageBodyUsageCostDetail = new MessageBody<UsageCostDetail>();
        var usageCostDetailsList = new ArrayList<UsageCostDetail>();
        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
            var usageDetail = new UsageDetail();
            usageDetail.setUserId("userId" + i);
            usageDetail.setData(i + 1);
            usageDetail.setDuration(i + 1);
            usageDetailsList.add(usageDetail);
            var usageCostDetail = new UsageCostDetail();
            usageCostDetail.setUserId(usageDetail.getUserId());
            usageCostDetail.setDataCost(usageDetail.getData() * 0.20);
            usageCostDetail.setCallCost(usageDetail.getDuration() * 0.30);
            usageCostDetailsList.add(usageCostDetail);
        }
        messageBodyUsageDetail.setData(usageDetailsList);
        messageBodyUsageCostDetail.setData(usageCostDetailsList);
        // Create message header
        var messageHeader = new MessageHeader();
        messageHeader.setId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
        messageHeader.setSubject("UsageDetailPublisher");
        messageHeader.setTopic("usagecostprocessorfunction-topic");
        messageHeader.setEventType("UsageDetail");
        messageHeader.setEventTime(OffsetDateTime.now().toString());
        this.messageReference = new MessageReference("callusageapp", "d8284456-dfff-4bd4-9cef-ea99f70f4835/input.json");
        messageHeader.setData(messageReference);
        messageHeader.setDataVersion("v1.0");
        // Create entire message
        messageToRead = new Message<>();
        messageToRead.setMessageHeader(messageHeader);
        messageToRead.setMessageBody(messageBodyUsageDetail);
        messageToDrop = new Message<>();
        messageToDrop.setMessageHeader(messageHeader);
        messageToDrop.setMessageBody(messageBodyUsageCostDetail);
    }
    /**
     * Unit test for HttpTriggerJava method.
     */
    @Test
    public void shouldTriggerHttpAzureFunctionJavaWithSubscriptionValidationEventType() throws Exception {
        // Setup
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        final HttpRequestMessage<Optional<String>> req = mock(HttpRequestMessage.class);
        String fileAbsolutePath = getClass().getResource("/subscriptionValidationEvent.json").getPath()
                .replaceAll("%20", " "), jsonBody = Files.readString(Paths.get(fileAbsolutePath)).replaceAll("\n", " ");
        doReturn(Optional.of(jsonBody)).when(req).getBody();
        doAnswer(new Answer<HttpResponseMessage.Builder>() {
            @Override
            public HttpResponseMessage.Builder answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) {
                HttpStatus status = (HttpStatus) invocation.getArguments()[0];
                return new HttpResponseMessageMock.HttpResponseMessageBuilderMock().status(status);
            }
        }).when(req).createResponseBuilder(any(HttpStatus.class));
        final ExecutionContext context = mock(ExecutionContext.class);
        // Invoke
        final HttpResponseMessage ret = this.usageCostProcessorFunction.run(req, context);
        // Verify
        assertEquals(ret.getStatus(), HttpStatus.OK);
    }
    @Test
    public void shouldTriggerHttpAzureFunctionJavaWithUsageDetailEventType() throws Exception {
        // Setup
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        final HttpRequestMessage<Optional<String>> req = mock(HttpRequestMessage.class);
        String fileAbsolutePath = getClass().getResource("/usageDetailEvent.json").getPath().replaceAll("%20", " "),
                jsonBody = Files.readString(Paths.get(fileAbsolutePath)).replaceAll("\n", " ");
        doReturn(Optional.of(jsonBody)).when(req).getBody();
        doReturn(Logger.getGlobal()).when(context).getLogger();
        when(this.mockMessageHandlerUtilityForUsageADetail.readFromPersistantStorage(any(MessageReference.class),
                eq(Logger.getGlobal()))).thenReturn(messageToRead);
        doAnswer(new Answer<HttpResponseMessage.Builder>() {
            @Override
            public HttpResponseMessage.Builder answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) {
                HttpStatus status = (HttpStatus) invocation.getArguments()[0];
                return new HttpResponseMessageMock.HttpResponseMessageBuilderMock().status(status);
            }
        }).when(req).createResponseBuilder(any(HttpStatus.class));
        assertNotNull(this.mockMessageHandlerUtilityForUsageADetail);
        assertEquals(this.messageToRead, this.mockMessageHandlerUtilityForUsageADetail
                .readFromPersistantStorage(this.messageReference, Logger.getGlobal()));
        // Invoke
        final HttpResponseMessage ret = this.usageCostProcessorFunction.run(req, context);
        // Verify
        assertEquals(HttpStatus.OK, ret.getStatus());
        assertEquals("Message is dropped successfully", ret.getBody());
    }
 }
--- a/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/claimcheckpattern/producer/calldetails/functions/UsageDetailPublisherFunctionTest.java
+++ b/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/claimcheckpattern/producer/calldetails/functions/UsageDetailPublisherFunctionTest.java
@ -1,119 +0,0 @@
 /*
 * The MIT License
 * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */
 package com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.producer.calldetails.functions;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.HttpResponseMessageMock;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain.MessageHeader;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain.UsageDetail;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.utility.EventHandlerUtility;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.utility.MessageHandlerUtility;
 import com.microsoft.azure.functions.ExecutionContext;
 import com.microsoft.azure.functions.HttpRequestMessage;
 import com.microsoft.azure.functions.HttpResponseMessage;
 import com.microsoft.azure.functions.HttpStatus;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
 import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.invocation.InvocationOnMock;
 import org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoExtension;
 import org.mockito.stubbing.Answer;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Paths;
 import java.util.*;
 import java.util.logging.Logger;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
 /**
 * Unit test for Function class.
 */
@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
 public class UsageDetailPublisherFunctionTest {
    @Mock
    MessageHandlerUtility<UsageDetail> mockMessageHandlerUtility;
    @Mock
    EventHandlerUtility<MessageHeader> mockEventHandlerUtility;
    @InjectMocks
    UsageDetailPublisherFunction usageDetailPublisherFunction;
    /**
     * Unit test for HttpTriggerJava method.
     */
    @Test
    public void shouldTriggerHttpAzureFunctionJavaWithSubscriptionValidationEventType() throws Exception {
        // Setup
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        final HttpRequestMessage<Optional<String>> req = mock(HttpRequestMessage.class);
        String fileAbsolutePath = getClass().getResource("/subscriptionValidationEvent.json").getPath()
                .replaceAll("%20", " "), jsonBody = Files.readString(Paths.get(fileAbsolutePath)).replaceAll("\n", " ");
        doReturn(Optional.of(jsonBody)).when(req).getBody();
        doAnswer(new Answer<HttpResponseMessage.Builder>() {
            @Override
            public HttpResponseMessage.Builder answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) {
                HttpStatus status = (HttpStatus) invocation.getArguments()[0];
                return new HttpResponseMessageMock.HttpResponseMessageBuilderMock().status(status);
            }
        }).when(req).createResponseBuilder(any(HttpStatus.class));
        final ExecutionContext context = mock(ExecutionContext.class);
        // Invoke
        final HttpResponseMessage ret = this.usageDetailPublisherFunction.run(req, context);
        // Verify
        assertEquals(ret.getStatus(), HttpStatus.OK);
    }
    @Test
    public void shouldTriggerHttpAzureFunctionJavaWithUsageDetailEventType() throws Exception {
        // Setup
        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        final HttpRequestMessage<Optional<String>> req = mock(HttpRequestMessage.class);
        String fileAbsolutePath = getClass().getResource("/usageDetailEvent.json").getPath().replaceAll("%20", " "),
                jsonBody = Files.readString(Paths.get(fileAbsolutePath)).replaceAll("\n", " ");
        doReturn(Optional.of(jsonBody)).when(req).getBody();
        doAnswer(new Answer<HttpResponseMessage.Builder>() {
            @Override
            public HttpResponseMessage.Builder answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) {
                HttpStatus status = (HttpStatus) invocation.getArguments()[0];
                return new HttpResponseMessageMock.HttpResponseMessageBuilderMock().status(status);
            }
        }).when(req).createResponseBuilder(any(HttpStatus.class));
        final ExecutionContext context = mock(ExecutionContext.class);
        doReturn(Logger.getGlobal()).when(context).getLogger();
        // Invoke
        final HttpResponseMessage ret = this.usageDetailPublisherFunction.run(req, context);
        // Verify
        assertEquals(ret.getStatus(), HttpStatus.OK);
    }
 }
--- a/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/claimcheckpattern/utility/EventHandlerUtilityTest.java
+++ b/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/claimcheckpattern/utility/EventHandlerUtilityTest.java
@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
 /*
 * The MIT License
 * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */
 package com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.utility;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
 import com.azure.core.util.BinaryData;
 import com.azure.messaging.eventgrid.EventGridPublisherClient;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain.Message;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain.UsageDetail;
 import java.util.logging.Logger;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
 import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoExtension;
@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
 public class EventHandlerUtilityTest {
    @Mock
    EventGridPublisherClient<BinaryData> mockCustomEventClient;
    @InjectMocks
    EventHandlerUtility<Message<UsageDetail>> eventHandlerUtility;
    @BeforeEach
    public void setUp() {
        System.setProperty("EventGridURL", "https://www.dummyEndpoint.com/api/events");
        System.setProperty("EventGridKey", "EventGridURL");
    }
    @Test
    void shouldPublishEvent() {
        doNothing().when(mockCustomEventClient).sendEvent(any(BinaryData.class));
        eventHandlerUtility.publishEvent(null, Logger.getLogger("logger"));
        verify(mockCustomEventClient, times(1)).sendEvent(any(BinaryData.class));
    }
    @Test
    void shouldPublishEventWithNullLogger() {
        eventHandlerUtility.publishEvent(null, null);
        verify(mockCustomEventClient, times(1)).sendEvent(any(BinaryData.class));
    }
 }
--- a/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/claimcheckpattern/utility/MessageHandlerUtilityTest.java
+++ b/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/claimcheckpattern/utility/MessageHandlerUtilityTest.java
@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
 /*
 * The MIT License
 * Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 * THE SOFTWARE.
 */
 package com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.utility;
 import com.azure.storage.blob.BlobClient;
 import com.azure.storage.blob.BlobContainerClient;
 import com.azure.storage.blob.BlobServiceClient;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain.*;
 import com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.utility.MessageHandlerUtility;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
 import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
 import org.mockito.Mock;
 import org.mockito.junit.jupiter.MockitoExtension;
 import java.time.OffsetDateTime;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Random;
 import java.util.UUID;
 import java.util.logging.Logger;
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.*;
@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
 public class MessageHandlerUtilityTest {
    @Mock
    private BlobClient mockBlobClient;
    @Mock
    private BlobContainerClient mockContainerClient;
    @Mock
    private BlobServiceClient mockBlobServiceClient;
    @InjectMocks
    private MessageHandlerUtility<UsageDetail> messageHandlerUtility;
    private Message<UsageDetail> messageToPublish;
    private MessageReference messageReference;
    @BeforeEach
    public void setUp() {
        System.setProperty("BlobStorageConnectionString", "https://www.dummyEndpoint.com/api/blobs");
        var messageBody = new MessageBody<UsageDetail>();
        var usageDetailsList = new ArrayList<UsageDetail>();
        var random = new Random();
        for (int i = 0; i < 51; i++) {
            var usageDetail = new UsageDetail();
            usageDetail.setUserId("userId" + i);
            usageDetail.setData(random.nextInt(500));
            usageDetail.setDuration(random.nextInt(500));
            usageDetailsList.add(usageDetail);
        }
        messageBody.setData(usageDetailsList);
        // Create message header
        var messageHeader = new MessageHeader();
        messageHeader.setId(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
        messageHeader.setSubject("UsageDetailPublisher");
        messageHeader.setTopic("usagecostprocessorfunction-topic");
        messageHeader.setEventType("UsageDetail");
        messageHeader.setEventTime(OffsetDateTime.now().toString());
        this.messageReference = new MessageReference("callusageapp", messageHeader.getId() + "/input.json");
        messageHeader.setData(messageReference);
        messageHeader.setDataVersion("v1.0");
        // Create entire message
        this.messageToPublish = new Message<>();
        this.messageToPublish.setMessageHeader(messageHeader);
        this.messageToPublish.setMessageBody(messageBody);
        when(mockContainerClient.getBlobClient(anyString())).thenReturn(mockBlobClient);
        when(mockBlobServiceClient.getBlobContainerClient(anyString())).thenReturn(mockContainerClient);
    }
    @Test
    void shouldDropMessageToPersistantStorage() {
        messageHandlerUtility.dropToPersistantStorage(messageToPublish, Logger.getLogger("logger"));
        verify(mockBlobServiceClient, times(1)).getBlobContainerClient(anyString());
        // verify(mockContainerClient, times(0)).exists();
    }
    @Test
    void shouldReadMessageFromPersistantStorage() {
        messageHandlerUtility.readFromPersistantStorage(messageReference, Logger.getLogger("logger"));
        verify(mockBlobServiceClient, times(1)).getBlobContainerClient(anyString());
    }
 }
--- a/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/test/resources/mockito-extensions/org.mockito.plugins.MockMaker
+++ b/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/test/resources/mockito-extensions/org.mockito.plugins.MockMaker
@ -1 +0,0 @@
 mock-maker-inline
--- a/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/test/resources/subscriptionValidationEvent.json
+++ b/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/test/resources/subscriptionValidationEvent.json
@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
 [
  {
    "data": {
      "validationCode": "C12F266E-79D9-4C0A-9922-5EF6201A34C2",
      "validationUrl": "https://rp-centralindia.eventgrid.azure.net:553/eventsubscriptions/usagedetailpublisherfunction-subscription/validate?idu003dC12F266E-79D9-4C0A-9922-5EF6201A34C2u0026tu003d2021-10-26T08:10:52.4999377Zu0026apiVersionu003d2020-10-15-previewu0026tokenu003d30kEVoL8rAOWzQv0buurhrKnbP%2bGMtHObbA%2bax6wb4Y%3d"
    },
    "dataVersion": "2",
    "eventTime": "2021-10-26T08:10:52.4999377Z",
    "eventType": "Microsoft.EventGrid.SubscriptionValidationEvent",
    "id": "e2a8466b-3dc0-46b7-bb7d-b999e51a2848",
    "metadataVersion": "1",
    "subject": "",
    "topic": "/subscriptions/0fef643d-a6b1-48f9-a256-53fbd0d22f48/resourceGroups/resource-group-ccp/providers/Microsoft.EventGrid/domains/event-grid-domains-ccp/topics/usagedetailpublisherfunction-topic"
  }
 ]
--- a/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/test/resources/usageDetailEvent.json
+++ b/cloud-claim-check-pattern/call-usage-app/src/test/resources/usageDetailEvent.json
@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
 [
  {
    "data": {
      "dataFileName": "d8284456-dfff-4bd4-9cef-ea99f70f4835/input.json",
      "dataLocation": "callusageapp"
    },
    "dataVersion": "v1.0",
    "eventTime": "2021-10-25T19:17:15.7468501Z",
    "eventType": "UsageDetail",
    "id": "d8284456-dfff-4bd4-9cef-ea99f70f4835",
    "metadataVersion": "1",
    "subject": "UsageDetailPublisher",
    "topic": "/subscriptions/0fef643d-a6b1-48f9-a256-ea99f70f4835/resourceGroups/resource-group-ccp/providers/Microsoft.EventGrid/domains/event-grid-domains-ccp/topics/usagecostprocessorfunction-topic"
  }
 ]
--- a/cloud-claim-check-pattern/etc/Claim-Check-Pattern.png
+++ b/cloud-claim-check-pattern/etc/Claim-Check-Pattern.png
--- a/cloud-claim-check-pattern/etc/claim-check-pattern.urm.puml
+++ b/cloud-claim-check-pattern/etc/claim-check-pattern.urm.puml
@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
@startuml
 class UsageDetailPublisherFunction [[java:com.iluwatar.producer.calldetails.functions]] {
 	-messageHandlerUtility: MessageHandlerUtility<UsageDetail>
 	-eventHandlerUtility: EventHandlerUtility<MessageHeader>
 	+run(): HttpResponseMessage
 }
 class UsageCostProcessorFunction [[java:com.iluwatar.consumer.callcostprocessor.functions]] {
 	-messageHandlerUtilityForUsageDetail: MessageHandlerUtility<UsageDetail>
        -messageHandlerUtilityForUsageCostDetail: MessageHandlerUtility<UsageCostDetail>
 	+run(): HttpResponseMessage
 }
 class "MessageHandlerUtility<T>" as MessageHandlerUtility_T [[java:com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.utility]] {
 	+readFromPersistantStorage(messageReference: MessageReference, logger: Logger): Message
 	+dropToPersistantStorage(message: Message, logger: Logger): void
 }
 class "EventHandlerUtility<T>" as EventHandlerUtility_T [[java:com.callusage.utility.PersistentLocalStorageUtility]] {
 	+publishEvent(customEvent: T, logger: Logger): void
 }
 class "Message<T>" as Message_T [[java:com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain]] {
 	-messageHeader: MessageHeader
 	-messageData: MessageData<T>
 	+Message(messageHeader: MessageHeader, messageData: MessageData<T>)
 	+getMessageData(): MessageData<T>
 	+getMessageHeader(): MessageHeader
 }
 class MessageHeader [[java:com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain]] {
 	-id: String
 	-subject: String
 	-topic: String
 	-eventType: String
 	-eventTime: String
 	-data: Object
 	-dataVersion: String
 	+getId(): String
 	+setId(id: String): void
 	+getSubject(): String
 	+setSubject(subject: String): void
 	+getTopic(): String
 	+setTopic(topic: String): void
 	+getEventType(): String
        +setEventType(eventType: String): void
        +getEventTime(): String
 	+setEventTime(eventTime: String): void
        +getData(): Object
 	+setData(data: Object): void
        +getDataVersion(): String
 	+setDataVersion(dataVersion:String): void
 }
 class "MessageBody<T>" as MessageBody_T [[java:com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain]] {
 	-data: List[] T
 	+getData(): List[] T
 	+setData(data:List[] T): void
 }
 class MessageReference [[java:com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain]] {
 	-dataLocation: String
 	-dataFileName: String
 	+getDataLocation(): String
 	+setDataLocation(dataLocation:String): void
 	+getDataFileName(): String
 	+setDataFileName(dataFileName:String): void
 }
 class UsageDetail [[java:com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain]] {
 	-userId: String
 	-duration: int
 	-data: int
 	+getUserId(): String
 	+setUserId(userId: String): void
 	+getDuration(): long
 	+setDuration(duration: long): void
 	+getData(): long
 	+setData(data: long): void
 }
 class UsageCostDetail [[java:com.iluwatar.claimcheckpattern.domain]] {
 	-userId: String
 	-callCost: double
 	-dataCost: double
 	+getUserId(): String
 	+setUserId(userId: String): void
 	+getCallCost(): double
 	+setCallCost(callCost:double): void
 	+getDataCost(): double
 	+setDataCost(dataCost:double) : void
 }
 Message_T "1" *-- "1" MessageHeader : has
 Message_T "1" *-- "1" MessageBody_T : has
 MessageHeader "1" *-- "1" MessageReference : has as data object
 MessageBody_T "1" *-- "1" UsageDetail: has
 MessageBody_T "1" *-- "1" UsageCostDetail: has
 EventHandlerUtility_T "1" *-- "1" MessageHeader: has
 MessageHandlerUtility_T "1" *-- "1" Message_T: has
 UsageDetailPublisherFunction "1" *-- "1" MessageHandlerUtility_T : has
 UsageDetailPublisherFunction "1" *-- "1" EventHandlerUtility_T : has
 UsageCostProcessorFunction "1" *-- "1" MessageHandlerUtility_T : has
 UsageCostProcessorFunction "1" *-- "1" MessageHandlerUtility_T : has
@enduml
--- a/cloud-claim-check-pattern/etc/class-diagram.png
+++ b/cloud-claim-check-pattern/etc/class-diagram.png
--- a/cloud-claim-check-pattern/pom.xml
+++ b/cloud-claim-check-pattern/pom.xml
@ -1,69 +0,0 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
    The MIT License
    Copyright © 2014-2021 Ilkka Seppälä
    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
    of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
    in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
    to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
    copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
    furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
    all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
 	 <parent>
 	    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
 	    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
 	    <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>		
 	 </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <artifactId>claim-check-pattern</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <modules>
        <module>call-usage-app</module>
    </modules>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId>
            <artifactId>gson</artifactId>
            <version>2.8.8</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
            <version>5.8.1</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
            <artifactId>mockito-junit-jupiter</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.0</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mockito</groupId>
            <artifactId>mockito-inline</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.0</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    </project>
--- a/collection-pipeline/pom.xml
+++ b/collection-pipeline/pom.xml
@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
    The MIT License
@ -28,7 +27,7 @@
  <parent>
    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <artifactId>collection-pipeline</artifactId>
  <dependencies>
--- a/combinator/pom.xml
+++ b/combinator/pom.xml
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
 <!--
    The MIT License
@ -23,13 +23,15 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <parent>
    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <artifactId>combinator</artifactId>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
@ -38,4 +40,5 @@
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
 </project>
--- a/command/pom.xml
+++ b/command/pom.xml
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<?xml version="1.0"?>
 <!--
    The MIT License
@ -23,12 +23,13 @@
    THE SOFTWARE.
 -->
-<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
+<project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <parent>
    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <artifactId>command</artifactId>
  <dependencies>
--- a/command/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/command/Wizard.java
+++ b/command/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/command/Wizard.java
@ -36,6 +36,9 @@ public class Wizard {
  private final Deque<Runnable> undoStack = new LinkedList<>();
  private final Deque<Runnable> redoStack = new LinkedList<>();
  public Wizard() {
  }
  /**
   * Cast spell.
   */
--- a/commander/pom.xml
+++ b/commander/pom.xml
@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!--
    The MIT License
@ -28,7 +27,7 @@
  <parent>
    <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
    <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.26.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  </parent>
  <artifactId>commander</artifactId>
  <dependencies>
@ -56,7 +55,7 @@
            </configuration>
          </execution>
          <execution>
-            <id>Message</id>
+          <id>Message</id>
            <configuration>
              <archive>
                <manifest>
--- a/commander/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/commander/Commander.java
+++ b/commander/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/commander/Commander.java
@ -90,13 +90,6 @@ public class Commander {
  private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Commander.class);
  //we could also have another db where it stores all orders
  private static final String ORDER_ID = "Order {}";
  private static final String REQUEST_ID = " request Id: {}";
  private static final String ERROR_CONNECTING_MSG_SVC =
          ": Error in connecting to messaging service ";
  private static final String TRY_CONNECTING_MSG_SVC =
          ": Trying to connect to messaging service..";
  Commander(EmployeeHandle empDb, PaymentService paymentService, ShippingService shippingService,
            MessagingService messagingService, QueueDatabase qdb, int numOfRetries,
            long retryDuration, long queueTime, long queueTaskTime, long paymentTime,
@ -125,17 +118,17 @@ public class Commander {
    Retry.Operation op = (l) -> {
      if (!l.isEmpty()) {
        if (DatabaseUnavailableException.class.isAssignableFrom(l.get(0).getClass())) {
-          LOG.debug(ORDER_ID + ": Error in connecting to shipping service, "
+          LOG.debug("Order " + order.id + ": Error in connecting to shipping service, "
-              + "trying again..", order.id);
+              + "trying again..");
        } else {
-          LOG.debug(ORDER_ID + ": Error in creating shipping request..", order.id);
+          LOG.debug("Order " + order.id + ": Error in creating shipping request..");
        }
        throw l.remove(0);
      }
      String transactionId = shippingService.receiveRequest(order.item, order.user.address);
      //could save this transaction id in a db too
-      LOG.info(ORDER_ID + ": Shipping placed successfully, transaction id: {}",
+      LOG.info("Order " + order.id + ": Shipping placed successfully, transaction id: "
-              order.id, transactionId);
+          + transactionId);
      LOG.info("Order has been placed and will be shipped to you. Please wait while we make your"
          + " payment... ");
      sendPaymentRequest(order);
@ -145,19 +138,19 @@ public class Commander {
        LOG.info("Shipping is currently not possible to your address. We are working on the problem"
            + " and will get back to you asap.");
        finalSiteMsgShown = true;
-        LOG.info(ORDER_ID + ": Shipping not possible to address, trying to add problem "
+        LOG.info("Order " + order.id + ": Shipping not possible to address, trying to add problem "
-            + "to employee db..", order.id);
+            + "to employee db..");
        employeeHandleIssue(o);
      } else if (ItemUnavailableException.class.isAssignableFrom(err.getClass())) {
        LOG.info("This item is currently unavailable. We will inform you as soon as the item "
            + "becomes available again.");
        finalSiteMsgShown = true;
-        LOG.info(ORDER_ID + ": Item {}" + " unavailable, trying to add "
+        LOG.info("Order " + order.id + ": Item " + order.item + " unavailable, trying to add "
-            + "problem to employee handle..", order.id, order.item);
+            + "problem to employee handle..");
        employeeHandleIssue(o);
      } else {
        LOG.info("Sorry, there was a problem in creating your order. Please try later.");
-        LOG.error(ORDER_ID + ": Shipping service unavailable, order not placed..", order.id);
+        LOG.error("Order " + order.id + ": Shipping service unavailable, order not placed..");
        finalSiteMsgShown = true;
      }
    };
@ -171,7 +164,7 @@ public class Commander {
      if (order.paid.equals(PaymentStatus.TRYING)) {
        order.paid = PaymentStatus.NOT_DONE;
        sendPaymentFailureMessage(order);
-        LOG.error(ORDER_ID + ": Payment time for order over, failed and returning..", order.id);
+        LOG.error("Order " + order.id + ": Payment time for order over, failed and returning..");
      } //if succeeded or failed, would have been dequeued, no attempt to make payment     
      return;
    }
@ -180,18 +173,17 @@ public class Commander {
      Retry.Operation op = (l) -> {
        if (!l.isEmpty()) {
          if (DatabaseUnavailableException.class.isAssignableFrom(l.get(0).getClass())) {
-            LOG.debug(ORDER_ID + ": Error in connecting to payment service,"
+            LOG.debug("Order " + order.id + ": Error in connecting to payment service,"
-                + " trying again..", order.id);
+                + " trying again..");
          } else {
-            LOG.debug(ORDER_ID + ": Error in creating payment request..", order.id);
+            LOG.debug("Order " + order.id + ": Error in creating payment request..");
          }
          throw l.remove(0);
        }
        if (order.paid.equals(PaymentStatus.TRYING)) {
          var transactionId = paymentService.receiveRequest(order.price);
          order.paid = PaymentStatus.DONE;
-          LOG.info(ORDER_ID + ": Payment successful, transaction Id: {}",
+          LOG.info("Order " + order.id + ": Payment successful, transaction Id: " + transactionId);
                  order.id, transactionId);
          if (!finalSiteMsgShown) {
            LOG.info("Payment made successfully, thank you for shopping with us!!");
            finalSiteMsgShown = true;
@ -207,7 +199,7 @@ public class Commander {
                + "Meanwhile, your order has been converted to COD and will be shipped.");
            finalSiteMsgShown = true;
          }
-          LOG.error(ORDER_ID + ": Payment details incorrect, failed..", order.id);
+          LOG.error("Order " + order.id + ": Payment details incorrect, failed..");
          o.paid = PaymentStatus.NOT_DONE;
          sendPaymentFailureMessage(o);
        } else {
@ -217,7 +209,7 @@ public class Commander {
                  + "asap. Don't worry, your order has been placed and will be shipped.");
              finalSiteMsgShown = true;
            }
-            LOG.warn(ORDER_ID + ": Payment error, going to queue..", order.id);
+            LOG.warn("Order " + order.id + ": Payment error, going to queue..");
            sendPaymentPossibleErrorMsg(o);
          }
          if (o.paid.equals(PaymentStatus.TRYING) && System
@ -242,7 +234,7 @@ public class Commander {
    if (System.currentTimeMillis() - qt.order.createdTime >= this.queueTime) {
      // since payment time is lesser than queuetime it would have already failed..
      // additional check not needed
-      LOG.trace(ORDER_ID + ": Queue time for order over, failed..", qt.order.id);
+      LOG.trace("Order " + qt.order.id + ": Queue time for order over, failed..");
      return;
    } else if (qt.taskType.equals(TaskType.PAYMENT) && !qt.order.paid.equals(PaymentStatus.TRYING)
        || qt.taskType.equals(TaskType.MESSAGING) && (qt.messageType == 1
@ -250,30 +242,30 @@ public class Commander {
        || qt.order.messageSent.equals(MessageSent.PAYMENT_FAIL)
        || qt.order.messageSent.equals(MessageSent.PAYMENT_SUCCESSFUL))
        || qt.taskType.equals(TaskType.EMPLOYEE_DB) && qt.order.addedToEmployeeHandle) {
-      LOG.trace(ORDER_ID + ": Not queueing task since task already done..", qt.order.id);
+      LOG.trace("Order " + qt.order.id + ": Not queueing task since task already done..");
      return;
    }
    var list = queue.exceptionsList;
    Thread t = new Thread(() -> {
      Retry.Operation op = (list1) -> {
        if (!list1.isEmpty()) {
-          LOG.warn(ORDER_ID + ": Error in connecting to queue db, trying again..", qt.order.id);
+          LOG.warn("Order " + qt.order.id + ": Error in connecting to queue db, trying again..");
          throw list1.remove(0);
        }
        queue.add(qt);
        queueItems++;
-        LOG.info(ORDER_ID + ": {}" + " task enqueued..", qt.order.id, qt.getType());
+        LOG.info("Order " + qt.order.id + ": " + qt.getType() + " task enqueued..");
        tryDoingTasksInQueue();
      };
      Retry.HandleErrorIssue<QueueTask> handleError = (qt1, err) -> {
        if (qt1.taskType.equals(TaskType.PAYMENT)) {
          qt1.order.paid = PaymentStatus.NOT_DONE;
          sendPaymentFailureMessage(qt1.order);
-          LOG.error(ORDER_ID + ": Unable to enqueue payment task,"
+          LOG.error("Order " + qt1.order.id + ": Unable to enqueue payment task,"
-              + " payment failed..", qt1.order.id);
+              + " payment failed..");
        }
-        LOG.error(ORDER_ID + ": Unable to enqueue task of type {}"
+        LOG.error("Order " + qt1.order.id + ": Unable to enqueue task of type " + qt1.getType()
-                + ", trying to add to employee handle..", qt1.order.id, qt1.getType());
+            + ", trying to add to employee handle..");
        employeeHandleIssue(qt1.order);
      };
      var r = new Retry<>(op, handleError, numOfRetries, retryDuration,
@ -336,7 +328,7 @@ public class Commander {
  private void sendSuccessMessage(Order order) {
    if (System.currentTimeMillis() - order.createdTime >= this.messageTime) {
-      LOG.trace(ORDER_ID + ": Message time for order over, returning..", order.id);
+      LOG.trace("Order " + order.id + ": Message time for order over, returning..");
      return;
    }
    var list = messagingService.exceptionsList;
@ -362,8 +354,8 @@ public class Commander {
        && System.currentTimeMillis() - o.createdTime < messageTime) {
      var qt = new QueueTask(order, TaskType.MESSAGING, 2);
      updateQueue(qt);
-      LOG.info(ORDER_ID + ": Error in sending Payment Success message, trying to"
+      LOG.info("Order " + order.id + ": Error in sending Payment Success message, trying to"
-          + " queue task and add to employee handle..", order.id);
+          + " queue task and add to employee handle..");
      employeeHandleIssue(order);
    }
  }
@ -372,11 +364,11 @@ public class Commander {
    return (l) -> {
      if (!l.isEmpty()) {
        if (DatabaseUnavailableException.class.isAssignableFrom(l.get(0).getClass())) {
-          LOG.debug(ORDER_ID + ERROR_CONNECTING_MSG_SVC
+          LOG.debug("Order " + order.id + ": Error in connecting to messaging service "
-              + "(Payment Success msg), trying again..", order.id);
+              + "(Payment Success msg), trying again..");
        } else {
-          LOG.debug(ORDER_ID + ": Error in creating Payment Success"
+          LOG.debug("Order " + order.id + ": Error in creating Payment Success"
-              + " messaging request..", order.id);
+              + " messaging request..");
        }
        throw l.remove(0);
      }
@ -384,15 +376,15 @@ public class Commander {
          && !order.messageSent.equals(MessageSent.PAYMENT_SUCCESSFUL)) {
        var requestId = messagingService.receiveRequest(2);
        order.messageSent = MessageSent.PAYMENT_SUCCESSFUL;
-        LOG.info(ORDER_ID + ": Payment Success message sent,"
+        LOG.info("Order " + order.id + ": Payment Success message sent,"
-            + REQUEST_ID, order.id, requestId);
+            + " request Id: " + requestId);
      }
    };
  }
  private void sendPaymentFailureMessage(Order order) {
    if (System.currentTimeMillis() - order.createdTime >= this.messageTime) {
-      LOG.trace(ORDER_ID + ": Message time for order over, returning..", order.id);
+      LOG.trace("Order " + order.id + ": Message time for order over, returning..");
      return;
    }
    var list = messagingService.exceptionsList;
@ -420,8 +412,8 @@ public class Commander {
        && System.currentTimeMillis() - o.createdTime < messageTime) {
      var qt = new QueueTask(order, TaskType.MESSAGING, 0);
      updateQueue(qt);
-      LOG.warn(ORDER_ID + ": Error in sending Payment Failure message, "
+      LOG.warn("Order " + order.id + ": Error in sending Payment Failure message, "
-              + "trying to queue task and add to employee handle..", order.id);
+          + "trying to queue task and add to employee handle..");
      employeeHandleIssue(o);
    }
  }
@ -429,11 +421,11 @@ public class Commander {
  private void handlePaymentFailureRetryOperation(Order order, List<Exception> l) throws Exception {
    if (!l.isEmpty()) {
      if (DatabaseUnavailableException.class.isAssignableFrom(l.get(0).getClass())) {
-        LOG.debug(ORDER_ID + ERROR_CONNECTING_MSG_SVC
+        LOG.debug("Order " + order.id + ": Error in connecting to messaging service "
-            + "(Payment Failure msg), trying again..", order.id);
+            + "(Payment Failure msg), trying again..");
      } else {
-        LOG.debug(ORDER_ID + ": Error in creating Payment Failure"
+        LOG.debug("Order " + order.id + ": Error in creating Payment Failure"
-            + " message request..", order.id);
+            + " message request..");
      }
      throw l.remove(0);
    }
@ -441,8 +433,8 @@ public class Commander {
        && !order.messageSent.equals(MessageSent.PAYMENT_SUCCESSFUL)) {
      var requestId = messagingService.receiveRequest(0);
      order.messageSent = MessageSent.PAYMENT_FAIL;
-      LOG.info(ORDER_ID + ": Payment Failure message sent successfully,"
+      LOG.info("Order " + order.id + ": Payment Failure message sent successfully,"
-          + REQUEST_ID, order.id, requestId);
+          + " request Id: " + requestId);
    }
  }
@ -477,7 +469,7 @@ public class Commander {
      var qt = new QueueTask(order, TaskType.MESSAGING, 1);
      updateQueue(qt);
      LOG.warn("Order " + order.id + ": Error in sending Payment Error message, "
-              + "trying to queue task and add to employee handle..");
+          + "trying to queue task and add to employee handle..");
      employeeHandleIssue(o);
    }
  }
@ -486,11 +478,11 @@ public class Commander {
      throws Exception {
    if (!l.isEmpty()) {
      if (DatabaseUnavailableException.class.isAssignableFrom(l.get(0).getClass())) {
-        LOG.debug(ORDER_ID + ERROR_CONNECTING_MSG_SVC
+        LOG.debug("Order " + order.id + ": Error in connecting to messaging service "
-            + "(Payment Error msg), trying again..", order.id);
+            + "(Payment Error msg), trying again..");
      } else {
-        LOG.debug(ORDER_ID + ": Error in creating Payment Error"
+        LOG.debug("Order " + order.id + ": Error in creating Payment Error"
-            + " messaging request..", order.id);
+            + " messaging request..");
      }
      throw l.remove(0);
    }
@ -498,28 +490,28 @@ public class Commander {
        .equals(MessageSent.NONE_SENT)) {
      var requestId = messagingService.receiveRequest(1);
      order.messageSent = MessageSent.PAYMENT_TRYING;
-      LOG.info(ORDER_ID + ": Payment Error message sent successfully,"
+      LOG.info("Order " + order.id + ": Payment Error message sent successfully,"
-          + REQUEST_ID, order.id, requestId);
+          + " request Id: " + requestId);
    }
  }
  private void employeeHandleIssue(Order order) {
    if (System.currentTimeMillis() - order.createdTime >= this.employeeTime) {
-      LOG.trace(ORDER_ID + ": Employee handle time for order over, returning..", order.id);
+      LOG.trace("Order " + order.id + ": Employee handle time for order over, returning..");
      return;
    }
    var list = employeeDb.exceptionsList;
    var t = new Thread(() -> {
      Retry.Operation op = (l) -> {
        if (!l.isEmpty()) {
-          LOG.warn(ORDER_ID + ": Error in connecting to employee handle,"
+          LOG.warn("Order " + order.id + ": Error in connecting to employee handle,"
-              + " trying again..", order.id);
+              + " trying again..");
          throw l.remove(0);
        }
        if (!order.addedToEmployeeHandle) {
          employeeDb.receiveRequest(order);
          order.addedToEmployeeHandle = true;
-          LOG.info(ORDER_ID + ": Added order to employee database", order.id);
+          LOG.info("Order " + order.id + ": Added order to employee database");
        }
      };
      Retry.HandleErrorIssue<Order> handleError = (o, err) -> {
@ -527,8 +519,8 @@ public class Commander {
            .currentTimeMillis() - order.createdTime < employeeTime) {
          var qt = new QueueTask(order, TaskType.EMPLOYEE_DB, -1);
          updateQueue(qt);
-          LOG.warn(ORDER_ID + ": Error in adding to employee db,"
+          LOG.warn("Order " + order.id + ": Error in adding to employee db,"
-              + " trying to queue task..", order.id);
+              + " trying to queue task..");
        }
      };
      var r = new Retry<>(op, handleError, numOfRetries, retryDuration,
@ -546,51 +538,51 @@ public class Commander {
    if (queueItems != 0) {
      var qt = queue.peek(); //this should probably be cloned here
      //this is why we have retry for doTasksInQueue
-      LOG.trace(ORDER_ID + ": Started doing task of type {}", qt.order.id, qt.getType());
+      LOG.trace("Order " + qt.order.id + ": Started doing task of type " + qt.getType());
      if (qt.getFirstAttemptTime() == -1) {
        qt.setFirstAttemptTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
      }
      if (System.currentTimeMillis() - qt.getFirstAttemptTime() >= queueTaskTime) {
        tryDequeue();
-        LOG.trace(ORDER_ID + ": This queue task of type {}"
+        LOG.trace("Order " + qt.order.id + ": This queue task of type " + qt.getType()
-            + " does not need to be done anymore (timeout), dequeue..", qt.order.id, qt.getType());
+            + " does not need to be done anymore (timeout), dequeue..");
      } else {
        if (qt.taskType.equals(TaskType.PAYMENT)) {
          if (!qt.order.paid.equals(PaymentStatus.TRYING)) {
            tryDequeue();
-            LOG.trace(ORDER_ID + ": This payment task already done, dequeueing..", qt.order.id);
+            LOG.trace("Order " + qt.order.id + ": This payment task already done, dequeueing..");
          } else {
            sendPaymentRequest(qt.order);
-            LOG.debug(ORDER_ID + ": Trying to connect to payment service..", qt.order.id);
+            LOG.debug("Order " + qt.order.id + ": Trying to connect to payment service..");
          }
        } else if (qt.taskType.equals(TaskType.MESSAGING)) {
          if (qt.order.messageSent.equals(MessageSent.PAYMENT_FAIL)
              || qt.order.messageSent.equals(MessageSent.PAYMENT_SUCCESSFUL)) {
            tryDequeue();
-            LOG.trace(ORDER_ID + ": This messaging task already done, dequeue..", qt.order.id);
+            LOG.trace("Order " + qt.order.id + ": This messaging task already done, dequeue..");
          } else if (qt.messageType == 1 && (!qt.order.messageSent.equals(MessageSent.NONE_SENT)
              || !qt.order.paid.equals(PaymentStatus.TRYING))) {
            tryDequeue();
-            LOG.trace(ORDER_ID + ": This messaging task does not need to be done,"
+            LOG.trace("Order " + qt.order.id + ": This messaging task does not need to be done,"
-                + " dequeue..", qt.order.id);
+                + " dequeue..");
          } else if (qt.messageType == 0) {
            sendPaymentFailureMessage(qt.order);
-            LOG.debug(ORDER_ID + TRY_CONNECTING_MSG_SVC, qt.order.id);
+            LOG.debug("Order " + qt.order.id + ": Trying to connect to messaging service..");
          } else if (qt.messageType == 1) {
            sendPaymentPossibleErrorMsg(qt.order);
-            LOG.debug(ORDER_ID + TRY_CONNECTING_MSG_SVC, qt.order.id);
+            LOG.debug("Order " + qt.order.id + ": Trying to connect to messaging service..");
          } else if (qt.messageType == 2) {
            sendSuccessMessage(qt.order);
-            LOG.debug(ORDER_ID + TRY_CONNECTING_MSG_SVC, qt.order.id);
+            LOG.debug("Order " + qt.order.id + ": Trying to connect to messaging service..");
          }
        } else if (qt.taskType.equals(TaskType.EMPLOYEE_DB)) {
          if (qt.order.addedToEmployeeHandle) {
            tryDequeue();
-            LOG.trace(ORDER_ID + ": This employee handle task already done,"
+            LOG.trace("Order " + qt.order.id + ": This employee handle task already done,"
-                + " dequeue..", qt.order.id);
+                + " dequeue..");
          } else {
            employeeHandleIssue(qt.order);
-            LOG.debug(ORDER_ID + ": Trying to connect to employee handle..", qt.order.id);
+            LOG.debug("Order " + qt.order.id + ": Trying to connect to employee handle..");
          }
        }
      }
--- a/commander/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/commander/CommanderTest.java
+++ b/commander/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/commander/CommanderTest.java
@ -1,526 +0,0 @@
 package com.iluwatar.commander;
 import com.iluwatar.commander.employeehandle.EmployeeDatabase;
 import com.iluwatar.commander.employeehandle.EmployeeHandle;
 import com.iluwatar.commander.exceptions.DatabaseUnavailableException;
 import com.iluwatar.commander.exceptions.ItemUnavailableException;
 import com.iluwatar.commander.exceptions.PaymentDetailsErrorException;
 import com.iluwatar.commander.exceptions.ShippingNotPossibleException;
 import com.iluwatar.commander.messagingservice.MessagingDatabase;
 import com.iluwatar.commander.messagingservice.MessagingService;
 import com.iluwatar.commander.paymentservice.PaymentDatabase;
 import com.iluwatar.commander.paymentservice.PaymentService;
 import com.iluwatar.commander.queue.QueueDatabase;
 import com.iluwatar.commander.shippingservice.ShippingDatabase;
 import com.iluwatar.commander.shippingservice.ShippingService;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 import org.junit.platform.commons.util.StringUtils;
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertFalse;
 class CommanderTest {
    private final int numOfRetries = 1;
    private final long retryDuration = 1_000;
    private long queueTime = 1_00;
    private long queueTaskTime = 1_000;
    private long paymentTime = 6_000;
    private long messageTime = 5_000;
    private long employeeTime = 2_000;
    private static final List<Exception> exceptionList = new ArrayList<>();
    static {
        exceptionList.add(new DatabaseUnavailableException());
        exceptionList.add(new ShippingNotPossibleException());
        exceptionList.add(new ItemUnavailableException());
        exceptionList.add(new PaymentDetailsErrorException());
        exceptionList.add(new IllegalStateException());
    }
    private Commander buildCommanderObject() {
        return buildCommanderObject(false);
    }
    private Commander buildCommanderObject(boolean nonPaymentException) {
        PaymentService paymentService = new PaymentService
                (new PaymentDatabase(), new DatabaseUnavailableException(),
                        new DatabaseUnavailableException(), new DatabaseUnavailableException(),
                        new DatabaseUnavailableException(), new DatabaseUnavailableException(),
                        new DatabaseUnavailableException());
        ShippingService shippingService;
        MessagingService messagingService;
        if (nonPaymentException) {
            shippingService = new ShippingService(new ShippingDatabase(), new DatabaseUnavailableException());
            messagingService = new MessagingService(new MessagingDatabase(), new DatabaseUnavailableException());
        } else {
            shippingService = new ShippingService(new ShippingDatabase(), new DatabaseUnavailableException());
            messagingService = new MessagingService(new MessagingDatabase(), new DatabaseUnavailableException());
        }
        var employeeHandle = new EmployeeHandle
                (new EmployeeDatabase(), new DatabaseUnavailableException(),
                        new DatabaseUnavailableException(), new DatabaseUnavailableException(),
                        new DatabaseUnavailableException(), new DatabaseUnavailableException(),
                        new DatabaseUnavailableException());
        var qdb = new QueueDatabase
                (new DatabaseUnavailableException(), new DatabaseUnavailableException(),
                        new DatabaseUnavailableException(), new DatabaseUnavailableException(),
                        new DatabaseUnavailableException(), new DatabaseUnavailableException());
        return new Commander(employeeHandle, paymentService, shippingService,
                messagingService, qdb, numOfRetries, retryDuration,
                queueTime, queueTaskTime, paymentTime, messageTime, employeeTime);
    }
    private Commander buildCommanderObjectVanilla() {
        PaymentService paymentService = new PaymentService
                (new PaymentDatabase(), new DatabaseUnavailableException(),
                        new DatabaseUnavailableException(), new DatabaseUnavailableException(),
                        new DatabaseUnavailableException(), new DatabaseUnavailableException(),
                        new DatabaseUnavailableException());
        var shippingService = new ShippingService(new ShippingDatabase());
        var messagingService = new MessagingService(new MessagingDatabase());
        var employeeHandle = new EmployeeHandle
                (new EmployeeDatabase(), new DatabaseUnavailableException(),
                        new DatabaseUnavailableException(), new DatabaseUnavailableException(),
                        new DatabaseUnavailableException(), new DatabaseUnavailableException(),
                        new DatabaseUnavailableException());
        var qdb = new QueueDatabase
                (new DatabaseUnavailableException(), new DatabaseUnavailableException(),
                        new DatabaseUnavailableException(), new DatabaseUnavailableException(),
                        new DatabaseUnavailableException(), new DatabaseUnavailableException());
        return new Commander(employeeHandle, paymentService, shippingService,
                messagingService, qdb, numOfRetries, retryDuration,
                queueTime, queueTaskTime, paymentTime, messageTime, employeeTime);
    }
    private Commander buildCommanderObjectUnknownException() {
        PaymentService paymentService = new PaymentService
                (new PaymentDatabase(), new IllegalStateException());
        var shippingService = new ShippingService(new ShippingDatabase());
        var messagingService = new MessagingService(new MessagingDatabase());
        var employeeHandle = new EmployeeHandle
                (new EmployeeDatabase(), new IllegalStateException());
        var qdb = new QueueDatabase
                (new DatabaseUnavailableException(), new IllegalStateException());
        return new Commander(employeeHandle, paymentService, shippingService,
                messagingService, qdb, numOfRetries, retryDuration,
                queueTime, queueTaskTime, paymentTime, messageTime, employeeTime);
    }
    private Commander buildCommanderObjectNoPaymentException1() {
        PaymentService paymentService = new PaymentService
                (new PaymentDatabase());
        var shippingService = new ShippingService(new ShippingDatabase());
        var messagingService = new MessagingService(new MessagingDatabase());
        var employeeHandle = new EmployeeHandle
                (new EmployeeDatabase(), new IllegalStateException());
        var qdb = new QueueDatabase
                (new DatabaseUnavailableException(), new IllegalStateException());
        return new Commander(employeeHandle, paymentService, shippingService,
                messagingService, qdb, numOfRetries, retryDuration,
                queueTime, queueTaskTime, paymentTime, messageTime, employeeTime);
    }
    private Commander buildCommanderObjectNoPaymentException2() {
        PaymentService paymentService = new PaymentService
                (new PaymentDatabase());
        var shippingService = new ShippingService(new ShippingDatabase());
        var messagingService = new MessagingService(new MessagingDatabase(), new IllegalStateException());
        var employeeHandle = new EmployeeHandle
                (new EmployeeDatabase(), new IllegalStateException());
        var qdb = new QueueDatabase
                (new DatabaseUnavailableException(), new IllegalStateException());
        return new Commander(employeeHandle, paymentService, shippingService,
                messagingService, qdb, numOfRetries, retryDuration,
                queueTime, queueTaskTime, paymentTime, messageTime, employeeTime);
    }
    private Commander buildCommanderObjectNoPaymentException3() {
        PaymentService paymentService = new PaymentService
                (new PaymentDatabase());
        var shippingService = new ShippingService(new ShippingDatabase());
        var messagingService = new MessagingService(new MessagingDatabase(), new DatabaseUnavailableException());
        var employeeHandle = new EmployeeHandle
                (new EmployeeDatabase(), new IllegalStateException());
        var qdb = new QueueDatabase
                (new DatabaseUnavailableException(), new IllegalStateException());
        return new Commander(employeeHandle, paymentService, shippingService,
                messagingService, qdb, numOfRetries, retryDuration,
                queueTime, queueTaskTime, paymentTime, messageTime, employeeTime);
    }
    private Commander buildCommanderObjectWithDB() {
        return buildCommanderObjectWithoutDB(false, false, new IllegalStateException());
    }
    private Commander buildCommanderObjectWithDB(boolean includeException, boolean includeDBException, Exception e) {
        var l = includeDBException ? new DatabaseUnavailableException() : e;
        PaymentService paymentService;
        ShippingService shippingService;
        MessagingService messagingService;
        EmployeeHandle employeeHandle;
        if (includeException) {
            paymentService = new PaymentService
                    (new PaymentDatabase(), l);
            shippingService = new ShippingService(new ShippingDatabase(), l);
            messagingService = new MessagingService(new MessagingDatabase(), l);
            employeeHandle = new EmployeeHandle
                    (new EmployeeDatabase(), l);
        } else {
            paymentService = new PaymentService
                    (null);
            shippingService = new ShippingService(null);
            messagingService = new MessagingService(null);
            employeeHandle = new EmployeeHandle
                    (null);
        }
        return new Commander(employeeHandle, paymentService, shippingService,
                messagingService, null, numOfRetries, retryDuration,
                queueTime, queueTaskTime, paymentTime, messageTime, employeeTime);
    }
    private Commander buildCommanderObjectWithoutDB() {
        return buildCommanderObjectWithoutDB(false, false, new IllegalStateException());
    }
    private Commander buildCommanderObjectWithoutDB(boolean includeException, boolean includeDBException, Exception e) {
        var l = includeDBException ? new DatabaseUnavailableException() : e;
        PaymentService paymentService;
        ShippingService shippingService;
        MessagingService messagingService;
        EmployeeHandle employeeHandle;
        if (includeException) {
            paymentService = new PaymentService
                    (null, l);
            shippingService = new ShippingService(null, l);
            messagingService = new MessagingService(null, l);
            employeeHandle = new EmployeeHandle
                    (null, l);
        } else {
            paymentService = new PaymentService
                    (null);
            shippingService = new ShippingService(null);
            messagingService = new MessagingService(null);
            employeeHandle = new EmployeeHandle
                    (null);
        }
        return new Commander(employeeHandle, paymentService, shippingService,
                messagingService, null, numOfRetries, retryDuration,
                queueTime, queueTaskTime, paymentTime, messageTime, employeeTime);
    }
    @Test
    void testPlaceOrderVanilla() throws Exception {
        for (double d = 0.1; d < 2; d = d + 0.1) {
            paymentTime *= d;
            queueTaskTime *= d;
            Commander c = buildCommanderObjectVanilla();
            var order = new Order(new User("K", "J"), "pen", 1f);
            for (Order.MessageSent ms : Order.MessageSent.values()) {
                c.placeOrder(order);
                assertFalse(StringUtils.isBlank(order.id));
            }
        }
    }
    @Test
    void testPlaceOrder() throws Exception {
        for (double d = 0.1; d < 2; d = d + 0.1) {
            paymentTime *= d;
            queueTaskTime *= d;
            Commander c = buildCommanderObject(true);
            var order = new Order(new User("K", "J"), "pen", 1f);
            for (Order.MessageSent ms : Order.MessageSent.values()) {
                c.placeOrder(order);
                assertFalse(StringUtils.isBlank(order.id));
            }
        }
    }
    @Test
    void testPlaceOrder2() throws Exception {
        for (double d = 0.1; d < 2; d = d + 0.1) {
            paymentTime *= d;
            queueTaskTime *= d;
            Commander c = buildCommanderObject(false);
            var order = new Order(new User("K", "J"), "pen", 1f);
            for (Order.MessageSent ms : Order.MessageSent.values()) {
                c.placeOrder(order);
                assertFalse(StringUtils.isBlank(order.id));
            }
        }
    }
    @Test
    void testPlaceOrderNoException1() throws Exception {
        for (double d = 0.1; d < 2; d = d + 0.1) {
            paymentTime *= d;
            queueTaskTime *= d;
            Commander c = buildCommanderObjectNoPaymentException1();
            var order = new Order(new User("K", "J"), "pen", 1f);
            for (Order.MessageSent ms : Order.MessageSent.values()) {
                c.placeOrder(order);
                assertFalse(StringUtils.isBlank(order.id));
            }
        }
    }
    @Test
    void testPlaceOrderNoException2() throws Exception {
        for (double d = 0.1; d < 2; d = d + 0.1) {
            paymentTime *= d;
            queueTaskTime *= d;
            Commander c = buildCommanderObjectNoPaymentException2();
            var order = new Order(new User("K", "J"), "pen", 1f);
            for (Order.MessageSent ms : Order.MessageSent.values()) {
                c.placeOrder(order);
                assertFalse(StringUtils.isBlank(order.id));
            }
        }
    }
    @Test
    void testPlaceOrderNoException3() throws Exception {
        for (double d = 0.1; d < 2; d = d + 0.1) {
            paymentTime *= d;
            queueTaskTime *= d;
            Commander c = buildCommanderObjectNoPaymentException3();
            var order = new Order(new User("K", "J"), "pen", 1f);
            for (Order.MessageSent ms : Order.MessageSent.values()) {
                c.placeOrder(order);
                assertFalse(StringUtils.isBlank(order.id));
            }
        }
    }
    @Test
    void testPlaceOrderNoException4() throws Exception {
        for (double d = 0.1; d < 2; d = d + 0.1) {
            paymentTime *= d;
            queueTaskTime *= d;
            Commander c = buildCommanderObjectNoPaymentException3();
            var order = new Order(new User("K", "J"), "pen", 1f);
            for (Order.MessageSent ms : Order.MessageSent.values()) {
                c.placeOrder(order);
                c.placeOrder(order);
                c.placeOrder(order);
                assertFalse(StringUtils.isBlank(order.id));
            }
        }
    }
    @Test
    void testPlaceOrderUnknownException() throws Exception {
        for (double d = 0.1; d < 2; d = d + 0.1) {
            paymentTime *= d;
            queueTaskTime *= d;
            messageTime *= d;
            employeeTime *= d;
            queueTime *= d;
            Commander c = buildCommanderObjectUnknownException();
            var order = new Order(new User("K", "J"), "pen", 1f);
            for (Order.MessageSent ms : Order.MessageSent.values()) {
                c.placeOrder(order);
                assertFalse(StringUtils.isBlank(order.id));
            }
        }
    }
    @Test
    void testPlaceOrderShortDuration() throws Exception {
        for (double d = 0.1; d < 2; d = d + 0.1) {
            paymentTime *= d;
            queueTaskTime *= d;
            messageTime *= d;
            employeeTime *= d;
            queueTime *= d;
            Commander c = buildCommanderObject(true);
            var order = new Order(new User("K", "J"), "pen", 1f);
            for (Order.MessageSent ms : Order.MessageSent.values()) {
                c.placeOrder(order);
                assertFalse(StringUtils.isBlank(order.id));
            }
        }
    }
    @Test
    void testPlaceOrderShortDuration2() throws Exception {
        for (double d = 0.1; d < 2; d = d + 0.1) {
            paymentTime *= d;
            queueTaskTime *= d;
            messageTime *= d;
            employeeTime *= d;
            queueTime *= d;
            Commander c = buildCommanderObject(false);
            var order = new Order(new User("K", "J"), "pen", 1f);
            for (Order.MessageSent ms : Order.MessageSent.values()) {
                c.placeOrder(order);
                assertFalse(StringUtils.isBlank(order.id));
            }
        }
    }
    @Test
    void testPlaceOrderNoExceptionShortMsgDuration() throws Exception {
        for (double d = 0.1; d < 2; d = d + 0.1) {
            paymentTime *= d;
            queueTaskTime *= d;
            messageTime *= d;
            employeeTime *= d;
            queueTime *= d;
            Commander c = buildCommanderObjectNoPaymentException1();
            var order = new Order(new User("K", "J"), "pen", 1f);
            for (Order.MessageSent ms : Order.MessageSent.values()) {
                c.placeOrder(order);
                assertFalse(StringUtils.isBlank(order.id));
            }
        }
    }
    @Test
    void testPlaceOrderNoExceptionShortQueueDuration() throws Exception {
        for (double d = 0.1; d < 2; d = d + 0.1) {
            paymentTime *= d;
            queueTaskTime *= d;
            messageTime *= d;
            employeeTime *= d;
            queueTime *= d;
            Commander c = buildCommanderObjectUnknownException();
            var order = new Order(new User("K", "J"), "pen", 1f);
            for (Order.MessageSent ms : Order.MessageSent.values()) {
                c.placeOrder(order);
                assertFalse(StringUtils.isBlank(order.id));
            }
        }
    }
    @Test
    void testPlaceOrderWithDatabase() throws Exception {
        for (double d = 0.1; d < 2; d = d + 0.1) {
            paymentTime *= d;
            queueTaskTime *= d;
            messageTime *= d;
            employeeTime *= d;
            queueTime *= d;
            Commander c = buildCommanderObjectWithDB();
            var order = new Order(new User("K", null), "pen", 1f);
            for (Order.MessageSent ms : Order.MessageSent.values()) {
                c.placeOrder(order);
                assertFalse(StringUtils.isBlank(order.id));
            }
        }
    }
    @Test
    void testPlaceOrderWithDatabaseAndExceptions() throws Exception {
        for (double d = 0.1; d < 2; d = d + 0.1) {
            paymentTime *= d;
            queueTaskTime *= d;
            messageTime *= d;
            employeeTime *= d;
            queueTime *= d;
            for (Exception e : exceptionList) {
                Commander c = buildCommanderObjectWithDB(true, true, e);
                var order = new Order(new User("K", null), "pen", 1f);
                for (Order.MessageSent ms : Order.MessageSent.values()) {
                    c.placeOrder(order);
                    assertFalse(StringUtils.isBlank(order.id));
                }
                c = buildCommanderObjectWithDB(true, false, e);
                order = new Order(new User("K", null), "pen", 1f);
                for (Order.MessageSent ms : Order.MessageSent.values()) {
                    c.placeOrder(order);
                    assertFalse(StringUtils.isBlank(order.id));
                }
                c = buildCommanderObjectWithDB(false, false, e);
                order = new Order(new User("K", null), "pen", 1f);
                for (Order.MessageSent ms : Order.MessageSent.values()) {
                    c.placeOrder(order);
                    assertFalse(StringUtils.isBlank(order.id));
                }
                c = buildCommanderObjectWithDB(false, true, e);
                order = new Order(new User("K", null), "pen", 1f);
                for (Order.MessageSent ms : Order.MessageSent.values()) {
                    c.placeOrder(order);
                    assertFalse(StringUtils.isBlank(order.id));
                }
            }
        }
    }
    @Test
    void testPlaceOrderWithoutDatabase() throws Exception {
        for (double d = 0.1; d < 2; d = d + 0.1) {
            paymentTime *= d;
            queueTaskTime *= d;
            messageTime *= d;
            employeeTime *= d;
            queueTime *= d;
            Commander c = buildCommanderObjectWithoutDB();
            var order = new Order(new User("K", null), "pen", 1f);
            for (Order.MessageSent ms : Order.MessageSent.values()) {
                c.placeOrder(order);
                assertFalse(StringUtils.isBlank(order.id));
            }
        }
    }
    @Test
    void testPlaceOrderWithoutDatabaseAndExceptions() throws Exception {
        for (double d = 0.1; d < 2; d = d + 0.1) {
            paymentTime *= d;
            queueTaskTime *= d;
            messageTime *= d;
            employeeTime *= d;
            queueTime *= d;
            for (Exception e : exceptionList) {
                Commander c = buildCommanderObjectWithoutDB(true, true, e);
                var order = new Order(new User("K", null), "pen", 1f);
                for (Order.MessageSent ms : Order.MessageSent.values()) {
                    c.placeOrder(order);
                    assertFalse(StringUtils.isBlank(order.id));
                }
                c = buildCommanderObjectWithoutDB(true, false, e);
                order = new Order(new User("K", null), "pen", 1f);
                for (Order.MessageSent ms : Order.MessageSent.values()) {
                    c.placeOrder(order);
                    assertFalse(StringUtils.isBlank(order.id));
                }
                c = buildCommanderObjectWithoutDB(false, false, e);
                order = new Order(new User("K", null), "pen", 1f);
                for (Order.MessageSent ms : Order.MessageSent.values()) {
                    c.placeOrder(order);
                    assertFalse(StringUtils.isBlank(order.id));
                }
                c = buildCommanderObjectWithoutDB(false, true, e);
                order = new Order(new User("K", null), "pen", 1f);
                for (Order.MessageSent ms : Order.MessageSent.values()) {
                    c.placeOrder(order);
                    assertFalse(StringUtils.isBlank(order.id));
                }
            }
        }
    }
 }
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
allcontributors[bot]	aac5318e39	docs: update .all-contributorsrc [skip ci]	2021-10-08 17:35:24 +00:00
allcontributors[bot]	b090155cba	docs: update README.md [skip ci]	2021-10-08 17:35:23 +00:00