Mike Liu c5a4068e84
docs: Translation for zh (#1805)
* add state and callback pattern

* add command and template-method pattern

* add iterator pattern

* add bridege and DI pattern

* fix issue #1600

* add converter,proxy,visitor pattern

* add caching,composite,delegation,dirty-flag,interpreter patterns

* add dao and producer-consumer

* add dto and provate class data pattern

* fix #1646 png path problems

* fix #1646 composite png path case problem

* add abstract document pattern and version-number pattern

* add ambassador pattern

* add acyclic-visitor and api-gateway pattern

* add abstract-factory pattern

* add active-object pattern

* add aggregator-microservices and arrange-act-assert pattern

* update async-method-invocation pattern

* add balking and business-delegate pattern

* add bytecode and circuit-break pattern

* update arrange/act/assert pattern problems

* add csch pattern

* add language code, correct pic path

* #1805 update permalink

Co-authored-by: Subhrodip Mohanta <subhrodipmohanta@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Mike <admin@xiaod.info>
Co-authored-by: Ilkka Seppälä <iluwatar@users.noreply.github.com>
2021-08-01 20:25:54 +05:30
..
2021-08-01 20:25:54 +05:30

layout, title, folder, permalink, categories, language, tags
layout title folder permalink categories language tags
pattern Factory Method factory-method /patterns/factory-method/ Creational zh
Extensibility
Gang Of Four

Also known as

或称

虚拟构造器

目的

为创建一个对象定义一个接口,但是让子类决定实例化哪个类。工厂方法允许类将实例化延迟到子类。

解释

真实世界例子

铁匠生产武器。精灵需要精灵武器,而兽人需要兽人武器。根据客户来召唤正确类型的铁匠。

通俗的说

它为类提供了一种把实例化的逻辑委托给子类的方式。

维基百科上说

在基于类的编程中,工厂方法模式是一种创建型设计模式用来解决创建对象的问题,而不需要指定将要创建对象的确切类。这是通过调用工厂方法创建对象来完成的,而不是通过调用构造器。该工厂方法在接口中指定并由子类实现,或者在基类实现并可以选择由子类重写。

程序示例

以上面的铁匠为例,首先我们有铁匠的接口和一些它的实现。

public interface Blacksmith {
  Weapon manufactureWeapon(WeaponType weaponType);
}

public class ElfBlacksmith implements Blacksmith {
  public Weapon manufactureWeapon(WeaponType weaponType) {
    return ELFARSENAL.get(weaponType);
  }
}

public class OrcBlacksmith implements Blacksmith {
  public Weapon manufactureWeapon(WeaponType weaponType) {
    return ORCARSENAL.get(weaponType);
  }
}

现在随着客户的到来,会召唤出正确类型的铁匠并制造出要求的武器。

var blacksmith = new ElfBlacksmith();
blacksmith.manufactureWeapon(WeaponType.SPEAR);
blacksmith.manufactureWeapon(WeaponType.AXE);
// Elvish weapons are created

类图

alt text

适用性

使用工厂方法模式当

  • 一个类无法预料它所要必须创建的对象的类
  • 一个类想要它的子类来指定它要创建的对象
  • 类将责任委派给几个帮助子类中的一个,而你想定位了解是具体之中的哪一个

Java中的例子

鸣谢