* add state and callback pattern * add command and template-method pattern * add iterator pattern * add bridege and DI pattern * fix issue #1600 * add converter,proxy,visitor pattern * add caching,composite,delegation,dirty-flag,interpreter patterns * add dao and producer-consumer * add dto and provate class data pattern * fix #1646 png path problems * fix #1646 composite png path case problem * add abstract document pattern and version-number pattern * add ambassador pattern * add acyclic-visitor and api-gateway pattern * add abstract-factory pattern * add active-object pattern * add aggregator-microservices and arrange-act-assert pattern * update async-method-invocation pattern * add balking and business-delegate pattern * add bytecode and circuit-break pattern * update arrange/act/assert pattern problems * add csch pattern * add language code, correct pic path * #1805 update permalink Co-authored-by: Subhrodip Mohanta <subhrodipmohanta@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Mike <admin@xiaod.info> Co-authored-by: Ilkka Seppälä <iluwatar@users.noreply.github.com>
layout, title, folder, permalink, categories, language, tags
layout | title | folder | permalink | categories | language | tags | ||
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pattern | Factory Method | factory-method | /patterns/factory-method/ | Creational | zh |
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Also known as
或称
虚拟构造器
目的
为创建一个对象定义一个接口,但是让子类决定实例化哪个类。工厂方法允许类将实例化延迟到子类。
解释
真实世界例子
铁匠生产武器。精灵需要精灵武器,而兽人需要兽人武器。根据客户来召唤正确类型的铁匠。
通俗的说
它为类提供了一种把实例化的逻辑委托给子类的方式。
维基百科上说
在基于类的编程中,工厂方法模式是一种创建型设计模式用来解决创建对象的问题,而不需要指定将要创建对象的确切类。这是通过调用工厂方法创建对象来完成的,而不是通过调用构造器。该工厂方法在接口中指定并由子类实现,或者在基类实现并可以选择由子类重写。
程序示例
以上面的铁匠为例,首先我们有铁匠的接口和一些它的实现。
public interface Blacksmith {
Weapon manufactureWeapon(WeaponType weaponType);
}
public class ElfBlacksmith implements Blacksmith {
public Weapon manufactureWeapon(WeaponType weaponType) {
return ELFARSENAL.get(weaponType);
}
}
public class OrcBlacksmith implements Blacksmith {
public Weapon manufactureWeapon(WeaponType weaponType) {
return ORCARSENAL.get(weaponType);
}
}
现在随着客户的到来,会召唤出正确类型的铁匠并制造出要求的武器。
var blacksmith = new ElfBlacksmith();
blacksmith.manufactureWeapon(WeaponType.SPEAR);
blacksmith.manufactureWeapon(WeaponType.AXE);
// Elvish weapons are created
类图
适用性
使用工厂方法模式当
- 一个类无法预料它所要必须创建的对象的类
- 一个类想要它的子类来指定它要创建的对象
- 类将责任委派给几个帮助子类中的一个,而你想定位了解是具体之中的哪一个
Java中的例子
- java.util.Calendar
- java.util.ResourceBundle
- java.text.NumberFormat
- java.nio.charset.Charset
- java.net.URLStreamHandlerFactory
- java.util.EnumSet
- javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext