diff --git a/26-pointers/02-pointers-basic-examples/main.go b/26-pointers/02-pointers-basic-examples/main.go index 3fea831..63ca648 100644 --- a/26-pointers/02-pointers-basic-examples/main.go +++ b/26-pointers/02-pointers-basic-examples/main.go @@ -16,44 +16,45 @@ func main() { P *int ) - if P == nil { - fmt.Printf("P is nil and its address is %p\n", P) - } - counter = 100 // counter is an int variable P = &counter // P is a pointer int variable V = *P // V is a int variable (a copy of counter) - if P == &counter { - fmt.Printf("P's address is equal to counter: %p == %p\n", P, &counter) + if P == nil { + fmt.Printf("P is nil and its address is %p\n", P) } - fmt.Printf("counter : %-16d address: %-16p\n", counter, &counter) - fmt.Printf("P : %-16p address: %-16p *P: %-16d\n", P, &P, *P) - fmt.Printf("V : %-16d address: %-16p\n", V, &V) + if P == &counter { + fmt.Printf("P is equal to counter's address: %p == %p\n", + P, &counter) + } - fmt.Println("\n••••• CHANGE: counter") + fmt.Printf("counter: %-13d addr: %-13p\n", counter, &counter) + fmt.Printf("P : %-13p addr: %-13p *P: %-13d\n", P, &P, *P) + fmt.Printf("V : %-13d addr: %-13p\n", V, &V) + + fmt.Println("\n••••• change counter") counter = 10 // V doesn't change because it's a copy - fmt.Printf("counter : %-16d address: %-16p\n", counter, &counter) - fmt.Printf("V : %-16d address: %-16p\n", V, &V) + fmt.Printf("counter: %-13d addr: %-13p\n", counter, &counter) + fmt.Printf("V : %-13d addr: %-13p\n", V, &V) - fmt.Println("\n••••• CHANGE IN: passVal") + fmt.Println("\n••••• change counter in passVal()") counter = passVal(counter) - fmt.Printf("counter : %-16d address: %-16p\n", counter, &counter) + fmt.Printf("counter: %-13d addr: %-13p\n", counter, &counter) - fmt.Println("\n••••• CHANGE IN: passPtrVal") + fmt.Println("\n••••• change counter in passPtrVal()") passPtrVal(&counter) // same as passPtrVal(&counter) (no need to return) passPtrVal(&counter) // same as passPtrVal(&counter) (no need to return) - fmt.Printf("counter : %-16d address: %-16p\n", counter, &counter) + fmt.Printf("counter: %-13d addr: %-13p\n", counter, &counter) } // *pn is a int pointer variable (copy of P) func passPtrVal(pn *int) { - fmt.Printf("pn : %-16p address: %-16p *pn: %d\n", pn, &pn, *pn) + fmt.Printf("pn : %-13p addr: %-13p *pn: %d\n", pn, &pn, *pn) // pointers can breach function isolation borders *pn++ // counter changes because `pn` points to `counter` — (*pn)++ - fmt.Printf("pn : %-16p address: %-16p *pn: %d\n", pn, &pn, *pn) + fmt.Printf("pn : %-13p addr: %-13p *pn: %d\n", pn, &pn, *pn) // setting it to nil doesn't effect the caller (the main function) pn = nil @@ -62,6 +63,6 @@ func passPtrVal(pn *int) { // n is a int variable (copy of counter) func passVal(n int) int { n = 50 // counter doesn't change because `n` is a copy - fmt.Printf("n : %-16d address: %-16p\n", n, &n) + fmt.Printf("n : %-13d addr: %-13p\n", n, &n) return n } diff --git a/26-pointers/03-pointers-composites/main.go b/26-pointers/03-pointers-composites/main.go index e5f9685..761c7f1 100644 --- a/26-pointers/03-pointers-composites/main.go +++ b/26-pointers/03-pointers-composites/main.go @@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ func main() { structs() } -// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• type house struct { name string @@ -43,7 +43,11 @@ func structs() { addRoomPtr(&myHouse) fmt.Printf("structs() : %p %+v\n", &myHouse, myHouse) +} +func addRoomPtr(h *house) { + h.rooms++ // same: (*h).rooms++ + fmt.Printf("addRoomPtr() : %p %+v\n", h, h) fmt.Printf("&myHouse.name : %p\n", &myHouse.name) fmt.Printf("&myHouse.rooms: %p\n", &myHouse.rooms) } @@ -53,19 +57,11 @@ func addRoom(h house) { fmt.Printf("addRoom() : %p %+v\n", &h, h) } -func addRoomPtr(h *house) { - // (*h).rooms++ - h.rooms++ - fmt.Printf("addRoomPtr() : %p %+v\n", h, h) -} - -// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• func maps() { confused := map[string]int{"one": 2, "two": 1} - fix(confused) - fmt.Println(confused) // &confused["one"] @@ -77,7 +73,7 @@ func fix(m map[string]int) { m["three"] = 3 } -// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +// •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• func slices() { dirs := []string{"up", "down", "left", "right"} @@ -89,29 +85,30 @@ func slices() { fmt.Printf("slices list : %p %q\n", &dirs, dirs) } -func up(list []string) { - for i := range list { - list[i] = strings.ToUpper(list[i]) - fmt.Printf("up.list[%d] : %p\n", i, &list[i]) - } - // *list = append(*list, "HEISEN BUG") - list = append(list, "HEISEN BUG") - - fmt.Printf("up list : %p %q\n", &list, list) -} - func upPtr(list *[]string) { lv := *list for i := range lv { lv[i] = strings.ToUpper(lv[i]) } + *list = append(*list, "HEISEN BUG") fmt.Printf("upPtr list : %p %q\n", list, list) } -// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- +func up(list []string) { + for i := range list { + list[i] = strings.ToUpper(list[i]) + fmt.Printf("up.list[%d] : %p\n", i, &list[i]) + } + + list = append(list, "HEISEN BUG") + + fmt.Printf("up list : %p %q\n", &list, list) +} + +// •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• func arrays() { nums := [...]int{1, 2, 3} @@ -126,7 +123,6 @@ func arrays() { func incr(nums [3]int) { fmt.Printf("incr nums : %p\n", &nums) - for i := range nums { nums[i]++ fmt.Printf("incr.nums[%d] : %p\n", i, &nums[i]) @@ -134,8 +130,8 @@ func incr(nums [3]int) { } func incrByPtr(nums *[3]int) { + fmt.Printf("incrByPtr nums: %p\n", &nums) for i := range nums { - nums[i]++ - // (*nums)[i]++ + nums[i]++ // same: (*nums)[i]++ } }