## When should you use a struct type? 1. For storing the same type of values 2. For adding an additional type of values in runtime 3. For combining different types in a single type to represent a concept *CORRECT* > **1:** Arrays, slices, and maps are better candidates for that. > > **2:** Struct fields are fixed at compile-time, you cannot add additional fields in runtime, neither you can remove them. > > **3:** That's right. A struct type combines different types of fields in a single type. You can use a struct type to represent a concept. > ## What are the properties of struct fields? 1. They all should be of the same type 2. Each one should have a name and possibly a different type *CORRECT* 3. You can add additional fields in runtime 4. You can remove the existing fields in runtime > **2:** Yes, each field should have a unique name. Also, each field should have a type, but every field can have a different type. > ## What is wrong with the following code? ```go type weather struct { temperature, humidity float64 windSpeed float64 temperature float64 } ``` 1. Nothing is wrong with it 2. `temperature, humidity float64` field is a syntax error 3. `temperature` field is not unique *CORRECT* > **2:** That's a parallel definition. It defines two float64 fields: temperature and humidity. It is correct. > > **3:** Right! Struct field names should be unique. > ## What is the zero-value of the following struct value? ```go var movie struct { title, genre string rating float64 released bool } ``` 1. `{}` 2. `{title: "", genre: "", rating: 0, released: false}` *CORRECT* 3. `{title: "", genre: "", rating: 0, released: true}` 4. `{"title, genre": "", rating: 0, released: false}` > **1:** That's an empty struct value with no fields. > > **2:** Right! Go initializes a struct's fields to zero-values depending on their type. > ## What is the type of the following struct? ```go avengers := struct { title, genre string rating float64 released bool }{ "avengers: end game", "sci-fi", 8.9, true, } fmt.Printf("%T\n", avengers) ``` 1. `struct{}` 2. `struct{ string; string; float64; bool }` 3. `struct{ title string; genre string; rating float64; released bool }` *CORRECT* 4. `{title: "avengers: end game"; genre: "sci-fi"; rating: 8.9; released: true}` > **1:** That's an empty struct type with no fields. > > **2:** Fields names is also a part of a struct's type. > > **3:** Right! Field names and types are part of a struct's type. > > **4:** Nope, that's a struct value. > ## Are the following struct values equal? ```go type movie struct { title, genre string rating float64 released bool } avengers := movie{"avengers: end game", "sci-fi", 8.9, true} clone := movie{ title: "avengers: end game", genre: "sci-fi", rating: 8.9, released: true, } ``` 1. There is a syntax error 2. Yes *CORRECT* 3. No > **2:** When creating a struct value, it doesn't matter whether you use the field names or not. So, they are equal. > ## Are the following struct values equal? If not, why? ```go type movie struct { title, genre string rating float64 released bool } avengers := movie{ title: "avengers: end game", genre: "sci-fi", rating: 8.9, released: true, } clone := movie{title: "avengers: end game", genre: "sci-fi"} fmt.Println(avengers == clone) ``` 1. Yes: They have the same set of fields 2. No : They are not comparable 3. No : Field values are different *CORRECT* > **1:** That's right, this means they are comparable, but that's not enough. > > **2:** Yes, they are. They use the same struct type. > > **3:** Yes, when you omit some of the fields, Go assigns zero values to them. Here, "clone" struct value's "rating" and "released" fields are: 0, and false, respectively. > ## Do the movie and performance struct types have the same types? ```go type item struct { title string } type movie struct { item } type performance struct { item } ``` 1. Yes: They have the same set of fields 2. No : They have different type names *CORRECT* 3. No : An embedded field cannot be compared > **2:** Right! Types with different names cannot be compared. However, you can convert one of them to the other because they have the same set of fields. movie{} == movie(performance{}) is ok, or vice versa. > ## What does the program print? ```go type item struct{ title string } type movie struct { item title string } m := movie{ title: "avengers: end game", item: item{"midnight in paris"}, } fmt.Println(m.title, "&", m.item.title) ``` 1. midnight in paris & midnight in paris 2. avengers: end game & avengers: end game 3. midnight in paris & avengers: end game 4. avengers: end game & midnight in paris *CORRECT* > **4:** Right! `m.title` returns "avengers: end game" because the outer type always takes priority. However, `m.item.title` returns "midnight in paris" because you explicitly get it from the inner type: item. > ## What is a field tag? 1. It allows Go to index struct fields more efficiently 2. You can use it for documenting your code 3. It's like a comment 4. Associates metadata about the field *CORRECT* > **4:** Correct. For example, the json package can read and encode/decode depending on the associated metadata. ## Which one is correct about a field tag? 1. It needs to be typed according to some rules 2. You can change it to a different value in runtime 3. It's just a string value, and it doesn't have a meaning on its own *CORRECT* > **1:** This is true to some extent but it can have any value. > > **2:** Fields tags are part of a struct type definition so you cannot change their value in runtime. > > **3:** Right! It's just a string value. It's only meaningful when other code reads it. For example, the json package can read it and encode/decode depending on the field tag's value. > ## What is wrong with the following program? ```go type movie struct { title string `json:"title"` } m := movie{"black panthers"} encoded, _ := json.Marshal(m) fmt.Println(string(encoded)) ``` 1. `movie` is unexported so you cannot encode 2. `title` is unexported so you cannot encode *CORRECT* 3. Error handling is missing so you cannot encode > **1:** The json package can encode a struct even though its type is unexported. > > **2:** Right! The json package can only encode exported fields. > > **3:** It's better to handle errors but it's not the main problem here. > ## Why do you need to pass a pointer to the Unmarshal function? 1. To make it work faster and efficient 2. So it can update the value on memory *CORRECT* 3. To prevent errors > **2:** Otherwise, it would not be able to update the given value. It's because, every value in Go is passed by value. So a function can only change the copy, not the original value. However, through a pointer, a function can change the original value.