---
title: Solana Test Validator
---

During early stage development, it is often convenient to target a cluster with
fewer restrictions and more configuration options than the public offerings
provide. This is easily achieved with the `solana-test-validator` binary, which
starts a full-featured, single-node cluster on the developer's workstation.

## Advantages

- No RPC rate-limits
- No airdrop limits
- Direct [on-chain program](on-chain-programs/overview) deployment
  (`--bpf-program ...`)
- Clone accounts from a public cluster, including programs (`--clone ...`)
- Load accounts from files
- Configurable transaction history retention (`--limit-ledger-size ...`)
- Configurable epoch length (`--slots-per-epoch ...`)
- Jump to an arbitrary slot (`--warp-slot ...`)

## Installation

The `solana-test-validator` binary ships with the Solana CLI Tool Suite.
[Install](/cli/install-solana-cli-tools) before continuing.

## Running

First take a look at the configuration options

```
solana-test-validator --help
```

Next start the test validator

```
solana-test-validator
```

By default, basic status information is printed while the process is running.
See [Appendix I](#appendix-i-status-output) for details

```
Ledger location: test-ledger
Log: test-ledger/validator.log
Identity: EPhgPANa5Rh2wa4V2jxt7YbtWa3Uyw4sTeZ13cQjDDB8
Genesis Hash: 4754oPEMhAKy14CZc8GzQUP93CB4ouELyaTs4P8ittYn
Version: 1.6.7
Shred Version: 13286
Gossip Address: 127.0.0.1:1024
TPU Address: 127.0.0.1:1027
JSON RPC URL: http://127.0.0.1:8899
⠈ 00:36:02 | Processed Slot: 5142 | Confirmed Slot: 5142 | Finalized Slot: 5110 | Snapshot Slot: 5100 | Transactions: 5142 | ◎499.974295000
```

Leave `solana-test-validator` running in its own terminal. When it is no longer
needed, it can be stopped with ctrl-c.

## Interacting

Open a new terminal to interact with a [running](#running) `solana-test-validator`
instance using other binaries from the Solana CLI Tool Suite or your own client
software.

#### Configure the CLI Tool Suite to target a local cluster by default

```
solana config set --url http://127.0.0.1:8899
```

#### Verify the CLI Tool Suite configuration

```
solana genesis-hash
```

- **NOTE:** The result should match the `Genesis Hash:` field in the
  `solana-test-validator` status output

#### Check the wallet balance

```
solana balance
```

- **NOTE:** `Error: No such file or directory (os error 2)` means that the default
  wallet does not yet exist. Create it with `solana-keygen new`.
- **NOTE:** If the wallet has a zero SOL balance, airdrop some localnet SOL with
  `solana airdrop 10`

#### Perform a basic transfer transaction

```
solana transfer EPhgPANa5Rh2wa4V2jxt7YbtWa3Uyw4sTeZ13cQjDDB8 1
```

#### Monitor `msg!()` output from on-chain programs

```
solana logs
```

- **NOTE:** This command needs to be running when the target transaction is
  executed. Run it in its own terminal

## Appendix I: Status Output

```
Ledger location: test-ledger
```

- File path of the ledger storage directory. This directory can get large. Store
  less transaction history with `--limit-ledger-size ...` or relocate it with
  `--ledger ...`

```
Log: test-ledger/validator.log
```

- File path of the validator text log file. The log can also be streamed by
  passing `--log`. Status output is suppressed in this case.

```
Identity: EPhgPANa5Rh2wa4V2jxt7YbtWa3Uyw4sTeZ13cQjDDB8
```

- The validator's identity in the [gossip network](/validator/gossip#gossip-overview)

```
Version: 1.6.7
```

- The software version

```
Gossip Address: 127.0.0.1:1024
TPU Address: 127.0.0.1:1027
JSON RPC URL: http://127.0.0.1:8899
```

- The network address of the [Gossip](/validator/gossip#gossip-overview),
  [Transaction Processing Unit](/validator/tpu) and [JSON RPC](clients/jsonrpc-api#json-rpc-api-reference)
  service, respectively

```
⠈ 00:36:02 | Processed Slot: 5142 | Confirmed Slot: 5142 | Finalized Slot: 5110 | Snapshot Slot: 5100 | Transactions: 5142 | ◎499.974295000
```

- Session running time, current slot of the the three block
  [commitment levels](clients/jsonrpc-api#configuring-state-commitment),
  slot height of the last snapshot, transaction count,
  [voting authority](/running-validator/vote-accounts#vote-authority) balance
