solana/core/src/rpc.rs

//! The `rpc` module implements the Solana RPC interface.

use crate::{
    cluster_info::ClusterInfo,
    contact_info::ContactInfo,
    max_slots::MaxSlots,
    non_circulating_supply::calculate_non_circulating_supply,
    optimistically_confirmed_bank_tracker::OptimisticallyConfirmedBank,
    rpc_health::*,
    send_transaction_service::{SendTransactionService, TransactionInfo},
    validator::ValidatorExit,
};
use bincode::{config::Options, serialize};
use jsonrpc_core::{types::error, Error, Metadata, Result};
use jsonrpc_derive::rpc;
use solana_account_decoder::{
    parse_account_data::AccountAdditionalData,
    parse_token::{
        get_token_account_mint, spl_token_id_v2_0, spl_token_v2_0_native_mint,
        token_amount_to_ui_amount, UiTokenAmount,
    },
    UiAccount, UiAccountData, UiAccountEncoding, UiDataSliceConfig,
};
use solana_client::{
    rpc_cache::LargestAccountsCache,
    rpc_config::*,
    rpc_custom_error::RpcCustomError,
    rpc_filter::{Memcmp, MemcmpEncodedBytes, RpcFilterType},
    rpc_request::{
        TokenAccountsFilter, DELINQUENT_VALIDATOR_SLOT_DISTANCE, MAX_GET_CONFIRMED_BLOCKS_RANGE,
        MAX_GET_CONFIRMED_SIGNATURES_FOR_ADDRESS2_LIMIT,
        MAX_GET_CONFIRMED_SIGNATURES_FOR_ADDRESS_SLOT_RANGE, MAX_GET_PROGRAM_ACCOUNT_FILTERS,
        MAX_GET_SIGNATURE_STATUSES_QUERY_ITEMS, MAX_MULTIPLE_ACCOUNTS, NUM_LARGEST_ACCOUNTS,
    },
    rpc_response::Response as RpcResponse,
    rpc_response::*,
};
use solana_faucet::faucet::request_airdrop_transaction;
use solana_ledger::{blockstore::Blockstore, blockstore_db::BlockstoreError, get_tmp_ledger_path};
use solana_metrics::inc_new_counter_info;
use solana_perf::packet::PACKET_DATA_SIZE;
use solana_runtime::{
    accounts::AccountAddressFilter,
    accounts_index::{AccountIndex, IndexKey},
    bank::Bank,
    bank_forks::{BankForks, SnapshotConfig},
    commitment::{BlockCommitmentArray, BlockCommitmentCache, CommitmentSlots},
    inline_spl_token_v2_0::{SPL_TOKEN_ACCOUNT_MINT_OFFSET, SPL_TOKEN_ACCOUNT_OWNER_OFFSET},
    snapshot_utils::get_highest_snapshot_archive_path,
};
use solana_sdk::{
    account::{AccountSharedData, ReadableAccount},
    account_utils::StateMut,
    clock::{Slot, UnixTimestamp, MAX_RECENT_BLOCKHASHES},
    commitment_config::{CommitmentConfig, CommitmentLevel},
    epoch_info::EpochInfo,
    epoch_schedule::EpochSchedule,
    hash::Hash,
    pubkey::Pubkey,
    sanitize::Sanitize,
    signature::Signature,
    stake_history::StakeHistory,
    system_instruction,
    sysvar::stake_history,
    transaction::{self, Transaction},
};
use solana_stake_program::stake_state::StakeState;
use solana_transaction_status::{
    EncodedConfirmedBlock, EncodedConfirmedTransaction, TransactionConfirmationStatus,
    TransactionStatus, UiTransactionEncoding,
};
use solana_vote_program::vote_state::{VoteState, MAX_LOCKOUT_HISTORY};
use spl_token_v2_0::{
    solana_program::program_pack::Pack,
    state::{Account as TokenAccount, Mint},
};
use std::{
    cmp::{max, min},
    collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
    net::SocketAddr,
    str::FromStr,
    sync::{
        atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering},
        mpsc::{channel, Receiver, Sender},
        Arc, Mutex, RwLock,
    },
    time::Duration,
};
use tokio::runtime::Runtime;

pub const MAX_REQUEST_PAYLOAD_SIZE: usize = 50 * (1 << 10); // 50kB
pub const PERFORMANCE_SAMPLES_LIMIT: usize = 720;

fn new_response<T>(bank: &Bank, value: T) -> RpcResponse<T> {
    let context = RpcResponseContext { slot: bank.slot() };
    Response { context, value }
}

pub fn is_confirmed_rooted(
    block_commitment_cache: &BlockCommitmentCache,
    bank: &Bank,
    blockstore: &Blockstore,
    slot: Slot,
) -> bool {
    slot <= block_commitment_cache.highest_confirmed_root()
        && (blockstore.is_root(slot) || bank.status_cache_ancestors().contains(&slot))
}

#[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
pub struct JsonRpcConfig {
    pub enable_rpc_transaction_history: bool,
    pub enable_cpi_and_log_storage: bool,
    pub identity_pubkey: Pubkey,
    pub faucet_addr: Option<SocketAddr>,
    pub health_check_slot_distance: u64,
    pub enable_bigtable_ledger_storage: bool,
    pub enable_bigtable_ledger_upload: bool,
    pub max_multiple_accounts: Option<usize>,
    pub account_indexes: HashSet<AccountIndex>,
    pub rpc_threads: usize,
    pub rpc_bigtable_timeout: Option<Duration>,
    pub minimal_api: bool,
}

#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct JsonRpcRequestProcessor {
    bank_forks: Arc<RwLock<BankForks>>,
    block_commitment_cache: Arc<RwLock<BlockCommitmentCache>>,
    blockstore: Arc<Blockstore>,
    config: JsonRpcConfig,
    snapshot_config: Option<SnapshotConfig>,
    validator_exit: Arc<RwLock<ValidatorExit>>,
    health: Arc<RpcHealth>,
    cluster_info: Arc<ClusterInfo>,
    genesis_hash: Hash,
    transaction_sender: Arc<Mutex<Sender<TransactionInfo>>>,
    runtime: Arc<Runtime>,
    bigtable_ledger_storage: Option<solana_storage_bigtable::LedgerStorage>,
    optimistically_confirmed_bank: Arc<RwLock<OptimisticallyConfirmedBank>>,
    largest_accounts_cache: Arc<RwLock<LargestAccountsCache>>,
    max_slots: Arc<MaxSlots>,
}
impl Metadata for JsonRpcRequestProcessor {}

impl JsonRpcRequestProcessor {
    #[allow(deprecated)]
    fn bank(&self, commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>) -> Arc<Bank> {
        debug!("RPC commitment_config: {:?}", commitment);
        let r_bank_forks = self.bank_forks.read().unwrap();

        let commitment = commitment.unwrap_or_default();

        if commitment.is_confirmed() {
            let bank = self
                .optimistically_confirmed_bank
                .read()
                .unwrap()
                .bank
                .clone();
            debug!("RPC using optimistically confirmed slot: {:?}", bank.slot());
            return bank;
        }

        let slot = self
            .block_commitment_cache
            .read()
            .unwrap()
            .slot_with_commitment(commitment.commitment);

        match commitment.commitment {
            // Recent variant is deprecated
            CommitmentLevel::Recent | CommitmentLevel::Processed => {
                debug!("RPC using the heaviest slot: {:?}", slot);
            }
            // Root variant is deprecated
            CommitmentLevel::Root => {
                debug!("RPC using node root: {:?}", slot);
            }
            // Single variant is deprecated
            CommitmentLevel::Single => {
                debug!("RPC using confirmed slot: {:?}", slot);
            }
            // Max variant is deprecated
            CommitmentLevel::Max | CommitmentLevel::Finalized => {
                debug!("RPC using block: {:?}", slot);
            }
            CommitmentLevel::SingleGossip | CommitmentLevel::Confirmed => unreachable!(), // SingleGossip variant is deprecated
        };

        r_bank_forks.get(slot).cloned().unwrap_or_else(|| {
            // We log a warning instead of returning an error, because all known error cases
            // are due to known bugs that should be fixed instead.
            //
            // The slot may not be found as a result of a known bug in snapshot creation, where
            // the bank at the given slot was not included in the snapshot.
            // Also, it may occur after an old bank has been purged from BankForks and a new
            // BlockCommitmentCache has not yet arrived. To make this case impossible,
            // BlockCommitmentCache should hold an `Arc<Bank>` everywhere it currently holds
            // a slot.
            //
            // For more information, see https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/issues/11078
            warn!(
                "Bank with {:?} not found at slot: {:?}",
                commitment.commitment, slot
            );
            r_bank_forks.root_bank()
        })
    }

    #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
    pub fn new(
        config: JsonRpcConfig,
        snapshot_config: Option<SnapshotConfig>,
        bank_forks: Arc<RwLock<BankForks>>,
        block_commitment_cache: Arc<RwLock<BlockCommitmentCache>>,
        blockstore: Arc<Blockstore>,
        validator_exit: Arc<RwLock<ValidatorExit>>,
        health: Arc<RpcHealth>,
        cluster_info: Arc<ClusterInfo>,
        genesis_hash: Hash,
        runtime: Arc<Runtime>,
        bigtable_ledger_storage: Option<solana_storage_bigtable::LedgerStorage>,
        optimistically_confirmed_bank: Arc<RwLock<OptimisticallyConfirmedBank>>,
        largest_accounts_cache: Arc<RwLock<LargestAccountsCache>>,
        max_slots: Arc<MaxSlots>,
    ) -> (Self, Receiver<TransactionInfo>) {
        let (sender, receiver) = channel();
        (
            Self {
                config,
                snapshot_config,
                bank_forks,
                block_commitment_cache,
                blockstore,
                validator_exit,
                health,
                cluster_info,
                genesis_hash,
                transaction_sender: Arc::new(Mutex::new(sender)),
                runtime,
                bigtable_ledger_storage,
                optimistically_confirmed_bank,
                largest_accounts_cache,
                max_slots,
            },
            receiver,
        )
    }

    // Useful for unit testing
    pub fn new_from_bank(bank: &Arc<Bank>) -> Self {
        let genesis_hash = bank.hash();
        let bank_forks = Arc::new(RwLock::new(BankForks::new_from_banks(
            &[bank.clone()],
            bank.slot(),
        )));
        let blockstore = Arc::new(Blockstore::open(&get_tmp_ledger_path!()).unwrap());
        let exit = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
        let cluster_info = Arc::new(ClusterInfo::default());
        let tpu_address = cluster_info.my_contact_info().tpu;
        let (sender, receiver) = channel();
        SendTransactionService::new(tpu_address, &bank_forks, None, receiver, 1000, 1);

        Self {
            config: JsonRpcConfig::default(),
            snapshot_config: None,
            bank_forks,
            block_commitment_cache: Arc::new(RwLock::new(BlockCommitmentCache::new(
                HashMap::new(),
                0,
                CommitmentSlots::new_from_slot(bank.slot()),
            ))),
            blockstore,
            validator_exit: create_validator_exit(&exit),
            health: Arc::new(RpcHealth::new(cluster_info.clone(), None, 0, exit.clone())),
            cluster_info,
            genesis_hash,
            transaction_sender: Arc::new(Mutex::new(sender)),
            runtime: Arc::new(Runtime::new().expect("Runtime")),
            bigtable_ledger_storage: None,
            optimistically_confirmed_bank: Arc::new(RwLock::new(OptimisticallyConfirmedBank {
                bank: bank.clone(),
            })),
            largest_accounts_cache: Arc::new(RwLock::new(LargestAccountsCache::new(30))),
            max_slots: Arc::new(MaxSlots::default()),
        }
    }

    pub fn get_account_info(
        &self,
        pubkey: &Pubkey,
        config: Option<RpcAccountInfoConfig>,
    ) -> Result<RpcResponse<Option<UiAccount>>> {
        let config = config.unwrap_or_default();
        let bank = self.bank(config.commitment);
        let encoding = config.encoding.unwrap_or(UiAccountEncoding::Binary);
        check_slice_and_encoding(&encoding, config.data_slice.is_some())?;

        let response = get_encoded_account(&bank, pubkey, encoding, config.data_slice)?;
        Ok(new_response(&bank, response))
    }

    pub fn get_multiple_accounts(
        &self,
        pubkeys: Vec<Pubkey>,
        config: Option<RpcAccountInfoConfig>,
    ) -> Result<RpcResponse<Vec<Option<UiAccount>>>> {
        let mut accounts: Vec<Option<UiAccount>> = vec![];

        let config = config.unwrap_or_default();
        let bank = self.bank(config.commitment);
        let encoding = config.encoding.unwrap_or(UiAccountEncoding::Base64);
        check_slice_and_encoding(&encoding, config.data_slice.is_some())?;

        for pubkey in pubkeys {
            let response_account =
                get_encoded_account(&bank, &pubkey, encoding.clone(), config.data_slice)?;
            accounts.push(response_account)
        }
        Ok(new_response(&bank, accounts))
    }

    pub fn get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(
        &self,
        data_len: usize,
        commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
    ) -> u64 {
        self.bank(commitment)
            .get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(data_len)
    }

    pub fn get_program_accounts(
        &self,
        program_id: &Pubkey,
        config: Option<RpcAccountInfoConfig>,
        filters: Vec<RpcFilterType>,
    ) -> Result<Vec<RpcKeyedAccount>> {
        let config = config.unwrap_or_default();
        let bank = self.bank(config.commitment);
        let encoding = config.encoding.unwrap_or(UiAccountEncoding::Binary);
        let data_slice_config = config.data_slice;
        check_slice_and_encoding(&encoding, data_slice_config.is_some())?;
        let keyed_accounts = {
            if let Some(owner) = get_spl_token_owner_filter(program_id, &filters) {
                self.get_filtered_spl_token_accounts_by_owner(&bank, &owner, filters)
            } else if let Some(mint) = get_spl_token_mint_filter(program_id, &filters) {
                self.get_filtered_spl_token_accounts_by_mint(&bank, &mint, filters)
            } else {
                self.get_filtered_program_accounts(&bank, program_id, filters)
            }
        };
        let result =
            if program_id == &spl_token_id_v2_0() && encoding == UiAccountEncoding::JsonParsed {
                get_parsed_token_accounts(bank, keyed_accounts.into_iter()).collect()
            } else {
                keyed_accounts
                    .into_iter()
                    .map(|(pubkey, account)| RpcKeyedAccount {
                        pubkey: pubkey.to_string(),
                        account: UiAccount::encode(
                            &pubkey,
                            account,
                            encoding.clone(),
                            None,
                            data_slice_config,
                        ),
                    })
                    .collect()
            };
        Ok(result)
    }

    pub fn get_inflation_governor(
        &self,
        commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
    ) -> RpcInflationGovernor {
        self.bank(commitment).inflation().into()
    }

    pub fn get_inflation_rate(&self) -> RpcInflationRate {
        let bank = self.bank(None);
        let epoch = bank.epoch();
        let inflation = bank.inflation();
        let slot_in_year = bank.slot_in_year_for_inflation();

        RpcInflationRate {
            total: inflation.total(slot_in_year),
            validator: inflation.validator(slot_in_year),
            foundation: inflation.foundation(slot_in_year),
            epoch,
        }
    }

    pub fn get_epoch_schedule(&self) -> EpochSchedule {
        // Since epoch schedule data comes from the genesis config, any commitment level should be
        // fine
        let bank = self.bank(Some(CommitmentConfig::finalized()));
        *bank.epoch_schedule()
    }

    pub fn get_balance(
        &self,
        pubkey: &Pubkey,
        commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
    ) -> RpcResponse<u64> {
        let bank = self.bank(commitment);
        new_response(&bank, bank.get_balance(pubkey))
    }

    fn get_recent_blockhash(
        &self,
        commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
    ) -> RpcResponse<RpcBlockhashFeeCalculator> {
        let bank = self.bank(commitment);
        let (blockhash, fee_calculator) = bank.confirmed_last_blockhash();
        new_response(
            &bank,
            RpcBlockhashFeeCalculator {
                blockhash: blockhash.to_string(),
                fee_calculator,
            },
        )
    }

    fn get_fees(&self, commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>) -> RpcResponse<RpcFees> {
        let bank = self.bank(commitment);
        let (blockhash, fee_calculator) = bank.confirmed_last_blockhash();
        let last_valid_slot = bank
            .get_blockhash_last_valid_slot(&blockhash)
            .expect("bank blockhash queue should contain blockhash");
        new_response(
            &bank,
            RpcFees {
                blockhash: blockhash.to_string(),
                fee_calculator,
                last_valid_slot,
            },
        )
    }

    fn get_fee_calculator_for_blockhash(
        &self,
        blockhash: &Hash,
        commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
    ) -> RpcResponse<Option<RpcFeeCalculator>> {
        let bank = self.bank(commitment);
        let fee_calculator = bank.get_fee_calculator(blockhash);
        new_response(
            &bank,
            fee_calculator.map(|fee_calculator| RpcFeeCalculator { fee_calculator }),
        )
    }

    fn get_fee_rate_governor(&self) -> RpcResponse<RpcFeeRateGovernor> {
        let bank = self.bank(None);
        let fee_rate_governor = bank.get_fee_rate_governor();
        new_response(
            &bank,
            RpcFeeRateGovernor {
                fee_rate_governor: fee_rate_governor.clone(),
            },
        )
    }

    pub fn confirm_transaction(
        &self,
        signature: &Signature,
        commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
    ) -> RpcResponse<bool> {
        let bank = self.bank(commitment);
        let status = bank.get_signature_status(signature);
        match status {
            Some(status) => new_response(&bank, status.is_ok()),
            None => new_response(&bank, false),
        }
    }

    fn get_block_commitment(&self, block: Slot) -> RpcBlockCommitment<BlockCommitmentArray> {
        let r_block_commitment = self.block_commitment_cache.read().unwrap();
        RpcBlockCommitment {
            commitment: r_block_commitment
                .get_block_commitment(block)
                .map(|block_commitment| block_commitment.commitment),
            total_stake: r_block_commitment.total_stake(),
        }
    }

    fn get_slot(&self, commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>) -> Slot {
        self.bank(commitment).slot()
    }

    fn get_max_retransmit_slot(&self) -> Slot {
        self.max_slots.retransmit.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
    }

    fn get_max_shred_insert_slot(&self) -> Slot {
        self.max_slots.shred_insert.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
    }

    fn get_slot_leader(&self, commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>) -> String {
        self.bank(commitment).collector_id().to_string()
    }

    fn minimum_ledger_slot(&self) -> Result<Slot> {
        match self.blockstore.slot_meta_iterator(0) {
            Ok(mut metas) => match metas.next() {
                Some((slot, _meta)) => Ok(slot),
                None => Err(Error::invalid_request()),
            },
            Err(err) => {
                warn!("slot_meta_iterator failed: {:?}", err);
                Err(Error::invalid_request())
            }
        }
    }

    fn get_transaction_count(&self, commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>) -> u64 {
        self.bank(commitment).transaction_count() as u64
    }

    fn get_total_supply(&self, commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>) -> u64 {
        self.bank(commitment).capitalization()
    }

    fn get_cached_largest_accounts(
        &self,
        filter: &Option<RpcLargestAccountsFilter>,
    ) -> Option<(u64, Vec<RpcAccountBalance>)> {
        let largest_accounts_cache = self.largest_accounts_cache.read().unwrap();
        largest_accounts_cache.get_largest_accounts(filter)
    }

    fn set_cached_largest_accounts(
        &self,
        filter: &Option<RpcLargestAccountsFilter>,
        slot: u64,
        accounts: &[RpcAccountBalance],
    ) {
        let mut largest_accounts_cache = self.largest_accounts_cache.write().unwrap();
        largest_accounts_cache.set_largest_accounts(filter, slot, accounts)
    }

    fn get_largest_accounts(
        &self,
        config: Option<RpcLargestAccountsConfig>,
    ) -> RpcResponse<Vec<RpcAccountBalance>> {
        let config = config.unwrap_or_default();
        let bank = self.bank(config.commitment);

        if let Some((slot, accounts)) = self.get_cached_largest_accounts(&config.filter) {
            Response {
                context: RpcResponseContext { slot },
                value: accounts,
            }
        } else {
            let (addresses, address_filter) = if let Some(filter) = config.clone().filter {
                let non_circulating_supply = calculate_non_circulating_supply(&bank);
                let addresses = non_circulating_supply.accounts.into_iter().collect();
                let address_filter = match filter {
                    RpcLargestAccountsFilter::Circulating => AccountAddressFilter::Exclude,
                    RpcLargestAccountsFilter::NonCirculating => AccountAddressFilter::Include,
                };
                (addresses, address_filter)
            } else {
                (HashSet::new(), AccountAddressFilter::Exclude)
            };
            let accounts = bank
                .get_largest_accounts(NUM_LARGEST_ACCOUNTS, &addresses, address_filter)
                .into_iter()
                .map(|(address, lamports)| RpcAccountBalance {
                    address: address.to_string(),
                    lamports,
                })
                .collect::<Vec<RpcAccountBalance>>();

            self.set_cached_largest_accounts(&config.filter, bank.slot(), &accounts);
            new_response(&bank, accounts)
        }
    }

    fn get_supply(&self, commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>) -> RpcResponse<RpcSupply> {
        let bank = self.bank(commitment);
        let non_circulating_supply = calculate_non_circulating_supply(&bank);
        let total_supply = bank.capitalization();
        new_response(
            &bank,
            RpcSupply {
                total: total_supply,
                circulating: total_supply - non_circulating_supply.lamports,
                non_circulating: non_circulating_supply.lamports,
                non_circulating_accounts: non_circulating_supply
                    .accounts
                    .iter()
                    .map(|pubkey| pubkey.to_string())
                    .collect(),
            },
        )
    }

    fn get_vote_accounts(
        &self,
        commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
    ) -> Result<RpcVoteAccountStatus> {
        let bank = self.bank(commitment);
        let vote_accounts = bank.vote_accounts();
        let epoch_vote_accounts = bank
            .epoch_vote_accounts(bank.get_epoch_and_slot_index(bank.slot()).0)
            .ok_or_else(Error::invalid_request)?;
        let default_vote_state = VoteState::default();
        let (current_vote_accounts, delinquent_vote_accounts): (
            Vec<RpcVoteAccountInfo>,
            Vec<RpcVoteAccountInfo>,
        ) = vote_accounts
            .iter()
            .map(|(pubkey, (activated_stake, account))| {
                let vote_state = account.vote_state();
                let vote_state = vote_state.as_ref().unwrap_or(&default_vote_state);
                let last_vote = if let Some(vote) = vote_state.votes.iter().last() {
                    vote.slot
                } else {
                    0
                };
                RpcVoteAccountInfo {
                    vote_pubkey: (pubkey).to_string(),
                    node_pubkey: vote_state.node_pubkey.to_string(),
                    activated_stake: *activated_stake,
                    commission: vote_state.commission,
                    root_slot: vote_state.root_slot.unwrap_or(0),
                    epoch_credits: vote_state.epoch_credits().clone(),
                    epoch_vote_account: epoch_vote_accounts.contains_key(pubkey),
                    last_vote,
                }
            })
            .partition(|vote_account_info| {
                if bank.slot() >= DELINQUENT_VALIDATOR_SLOT_DISTANCE as u64 {
                    vote_account_info.last_vote
                        > bank.slot() - DELINQUENT_VALIDATOR_SLOT_DISTANCE as u64
                } else {
                    vote_account_info.last_vote > 0
                }
            });

        let delinquent_staked_vote_accounts = delinquent_vote_accounts
            .into_iter()
            .filter(|vote_account_info| vote_account_info.activated_stake > 0)
            .collect::<Vec<_>>();

        Ok(RpcVoteAccountStatus {
            current: current_vote_accounts,
            delinquent: delinquent_staked_vote_accounts,
        })
    }

    fn check_blockstore_root<T>(
        &self,
        result: &std::result::Result<T, BlockstoreError>,
        slot: Slot,
    ) -> Result<()>
    where
        T: std::fmt::Debug,
    {
        if result.is_err() {
            let err = result.as_ref().unwrap_err();
            debug!(
                "check_blockstore_root, slot: {:?}, max root: {:?}, err: {:?}",
                slot,
                self.blockstore.max_root(),
                err
            );
            if slot >= self.blockstore.max_root() {
                return Err(RpcCustomError::BlockNotAvailable { slot }.into());
            }
            if self.blockstore.is_skipped(slot) {
                return Err(RpcCustomError::SlotSkipped { slot }.into());
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    fn check_slot_cleaned_up<T>(
        &self,
        result: &std::result::Result<T, BlockstoreError>,
        slot: Slot,
    ) -> Result<()>
    where
        T: std::fmt::Debug,
    {
        if result.is_err() {
            if let BlockstoreError::SlotCleanedUp = result.as_ref().unwrap_err() {
                return Err(RpcCustomError::BlockCleanedUp {
                    slot,
                    first_available_block: self
                        .blockstore
                        .get_first_available_block()
                        .unwrap_or_default(),
                }
                .into());
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    fn check_bigtable_result<T>(
        &self,
        result: &std::result::Result<T, solana_storage_bigtable::Error>,
    ) -> Result<()>
    where
        T: std::fmt::Debug,
    {
        if result.is_err() {
            let err = result.as_ref().unwrap_err();
            if let solana_storage_bigtable::Error::BlockNotFound(slot) = err {
                return Err(RpcCustomError::LongTermStorageSlotSkipped { slot: *slot }.into());
            }
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    pub fn get_confirmed_block(
        &self,
        slot: Slot,
        encoding: Option<UiTransactionEncoding>,
    ) -> Result<Option<EncodedConfirmedBlock>> {
        let encoding = encoding.unwrap_or(UiTransactionEncoding::Json);
        if self.config.enable_rpc_transaction_history
            && slot
                <= self
                    .block_commitment_cache
                    .read()
                    .unwrap()
                    .highest_confirmed_root()
        {
            let result = self.blockstore.get_confirmed_block(slot, true);
            self.check_blockstore_root(&result, slot)?;
            if result.is_err() {
                if let Some(bigtable_ledger_storage) = &self.bigtable_ledger_storage {
                    let bigtable_result = self
                        .runtime
                        .block_on(bigtable_ledger_storage.get_confirmed_block(slot));
                    self.check_bigtable_result(&bigtable_result)?;
                    return Ok(bigtable_result
                        .ok()
                        .map(|confirmed_block| confirmed_block.encode(encoding)));
                }
            }
            self.check_slot_cleaned_up(&result, slot)?;
            Ok(result
                .ok()
                .map(|confirmed_block| confirmed_block.encode(encoding)))
        } else {
            Err(RpcCustomError::BlockNotAvailable { slot }.into())
        }
    }

    pub fn get_confirmed_blocks(
        &self,
        start_slot: Slot,
        end_slot: Option<Slot>,
    ) -> Result<Vec<Slot>> {
        let end_slot = min(
            end_slot.unwrap_or(std::u64::MAX),
            self.block_commitment_cache
                .read()
                .unwrap()
                .highest_confirmed_root(),
        );
        if end_slot < start_slot {
            return Ok(vec![]);
        }
        if end_slot - start_slot > MAX_GET_CONFIRMED_BLOCKS_RANGE {
            return Err(Error::invalid_params(format!(
                "Slot range too large; max {}",
                MAX_GET_CONFIRMED_BLOCKS_RANGE
            )));
        }

        let lowest_blockstore_slot = self.blockstore.lowest_slot();
        if start_slot < lowest_blockstore_slot {
            // If the starting slot is lower than what's available in blockstore assume the entire
            // [start_slot..end_slot] can be fetched from BigTable.
            if let Some(bigtable_ledger_storage) = &self.bigtable_ledger_storage {
                return self
                    .runtime
                    .block_on(
                        bigtable_ledger_storage
                            .get_confirmed_blocks(start_slot, (end_slot - start_slot) as usize + 1), // increment limit by 1 to ensure returned range is inclusive of both start_slot and end_slot
                    )
                    .map(|mut bigtable_blocks| {
                        bigtable_blocks.retain(|&slot| slot <= end_slot);
                        bigtable_blocks
                    })
                    .map_err(|_| {
                        Error::invalid_params(
                            "BigTable query failed (maybe timeout due to too large range?)"
                                .to_string(),
                        )
                    });
            }
        }

        Ok(self
            .blockstore
            .rooted_slot_iterator(max(start_slot, lowest_blockstore_slot))
            .map_err(|_| Error::internal_error())?
            .filter(|&slot| slot <= end_slot)
            .collect())
    }

    pub fn get_confirmed_blocks_with_limit(
        &self,
        start_slot: Slot,
        limit: usize,
    ) -> Result<Vec<Slot>> {
        if limit > MAX_GET_CONFIRMED_BLOCKS_RANGE as usize {
            return Err(Error::invalid_params(format!(
                "Limit too large; max {}",
                MAX_GET_CONFIRMED_BLOCKS_RANGE
            )));
        }

        let lowest_blockstore_slot = self.blockstore.lowest_slot();

        if start_slot < lowest_blockstore_slot {
            // If the starting slot is lower than what's available in blockstore assume the entire
            // range can be fetched from BigTable.
            if let Some(bigtable_ledger_storage) = &self.bigtable_ledger_storage {
                return Ok(self
                    .runtime
                    .block_on(bigtable_ledger_storage.get_confirmed_blocks(start_slot, limit))
                    .unwrap_or_else(|_| vec![]));
            }
        }

        Ok(self
            .blockstore
            .rooted_slot_iterator(max(start_slot, lowest_blockstore_slot))
            .map_err(|_| Error::internal_error())?
            .take(limit)
            .collect())
    }

    pub fn get_block_time(&self, slot: Slot) -> Result<Option<UnixTimestamp>> {
        if slot
            <= self
                .block_commitment_cache
                .read()
                .unwrap()
                .highest_confirmed_root()
        {
            let result = self.blockstore.get_block_time(slot);
            self.check_blockstore_root(&result, slot)?;
            if result.is_err() || matches!(result, Ok(None)) {
                if let Some(bigtable_ledger_storage) = &self.bigtable_ledger_storage {
                    let bigtable_result = self
                        .runtime
                        .block_on(bigtable_ledger_storage.get_confirmed_block(slot));
                    self.check_bigtable_result(&bigtable_result)?;
                    return Ok(bigtable_result
                        .ok()
                        .and_then(|confirmed_block| confirmed_block.block_time));
                }
            }
            self.check_slot_cleaned_up(&result, slot)?;
            Ok(result.ok().unwrap_or(None))
        } else {
            Err(RpcCustomError::BlockNotAvailable { slot }.into())
        }
    }

    pub fn get_signature_confirmation_status(
        &self,
        signature: Signature,
        commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
    ) -> Option<RpcSignatureConfirmation> {
        let bank = self.bank(commitment);
        let transaction_status = self.get_transaction_status(signature, &bank)?;
        let confirmations = transaction_status
            .confirmations
            .unwrap_or(MAX_LOCKOUT_HISTORY + 1);
        Some(RpcSignatureConfirmation {
            confirmations,
            status: transaction_status.status,
        })
    }

    pub fn get_signature_status(
        &self,
        signature: Signature,
        commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
    ) -> Option<transaction::Result<()>> {
        let bank = self.bank(commitment);
        let (_, status) = bank.get_signature_status_slot(&signature)?;
        Some(status)
    }

    pub fn get_signature_statuses(
        &self,
        signatures: Vec<Signature>,
        config: Option<RpcSignatureStatusConfig>,
    ) -> Result<RpcResponse<Vec<Option<TransactionStatus>>>> {
        let mut statuses: Vec<Option<TransactionStatus>> = vec![];

        let search_transaction_history = config
            .map(|x| x.search_transaction_history)
            .unwrap_or(false);
        let bank = self.bank(Some(CommitmentConfig::processed()));

        for signature in signatures {
            let status = if let Some(status) = self.get_transaction_status(signature, &bank) {
                Some(status)
            } else if self.config.enable_rpc_transaction_history && search_transaction_history {
                self.blockstore
                    .get_transaction_status(signature)
                    .map_err(|_| Error::internal_error())?
                    .filter(|(slot, _status_meta)| {
                        slot <= &self
                            .block_commitment_cache
                            .read()
                            .unwrap()
                            .highest_confirmed_root()
                    })
                    .map(|(slot, status_meta)| {
                        let err = status_meta.status.clone().err();
                        TransactionStatus {
                            slot,
                            status: status_meta.status,
                            confirmations: None,
                            err,
                            confirmation_status: Some(TransactionConfirmationStatus::Finalized),
                        }
                    })
                    .or_else(|| {
                        if let Some(bigtable_ledger_storage) = &self.bigtable_ledger_storage {
                            self.runtime
                                .block_on(bigtable_ledger_storage.get_signature_status(&signature))
                                .map(Some)
                                .unwrap_or(None)
                        } else {
                            None
                        }
                    })
            } else {
                None
            };
            statuses.push(status);
        }
        Ok(new_response(&bank, statuses))
    }

    fn get_transaction_status(
        &self,
        signature: Signature,
        bank: &Arc<Bank>,
    ) -> Option<TransactionStatus> {
        let (slot, status) = bank.get_signature_status_slot(&signature)?;
        let r_block_commitment_cache = self.block_commitment_cache.read().unwrap();

        let optimistically_confirmed_bank = self.bank(Some(CommitmentConfig::confirmed()));
        let optimistically_confirmed =
            optimistically_confirmed_bank.get_signature_status_slot(&signature);

        let confirmations = if r_block_commitment_cache.root() >= slot
            && is_confirmed_rooted(&r_block_commitment_cache, bank, &self.blockstore, slot)
        {
            None
        } else {
            r_block_commitment_cache
                .get_confirmation_count(slot)
                .or(Some(0))
        };
        let err = status.clone().err();
        Some(TransactionStatus {
            slot,
            status,
            confirmations,
            err,
            confirmation_status: if confirmations.is_none() {
                Some(TransactionConfirmationStatus::Finalized)
            } else if optimistically_confirmed.is_some() {
                Some(TransactionConfirmationStatus::Confirmed)
            } else {
                Some(TransactionConfirmationStatus::Processed)
            },
        })
    }

    pub fn get_confirmed_transaction(
        &self,
        signature: Signature,
        encoding: Option<UiTransactionEncoding>,
    ) -> Option<EncodedConfirmedTransaction> {
        let encoding = encoding.unwrap_or(UiTransactionEncoding::Json);
        if self.config.enable_rpc_transaction_history {
            match self
                .blockstore
                .get_confirmed_transaction(signature)
                .unwrap_or(None)
            {
                Some(confirmed_transaction) => {
                    if confirmed_transaction.slot
                        <= self
                            .block_commitment_cache
                            .read()
                            .unwrap()
                            .highest_confirmed_root()
                    {
                        return Some(confirmed_transaction.encode(encoding));
                    }
                }
                None => {
                    if let Some(bigtable_ledger_storage) = &self.bigtable_ledger_storage {
                        return self
                            .runtime
                            .block_on(bigtable_ledger_storage.get_confirmed_transaction(&signature))
                            .unwrap_or(None)
                            .map(|confirmed| confirmed.encode(encoding));
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        None
    }

    pub fn get_confirmed_signatures_for_address(
        &self,
        pubkey: Pubkey,
        start_slot: Slot,
        end_slot: Slot,
    ) -> Vec<Signature> {
        if self.config.enable_rpc_transaction_history {
            // TODO: Add bigtable_ledger_storage support as a part of
            // https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/pull/10928
            let end_slot = min(
                end_slot,
                self.block_commitment_cache
                    .read()
                    .unwrap()
                    .highest_confirmed_root(),
            );
            self.blockstore
                .get_confirmed_signatures_for_address(pubkey, start_slot, end_slot)
                .unwrap_or_else(|_| vec![])
        } else {
            vec![]
        }
    }

    pub fn get_confirmed_signatures_for_address2(
        &self,
        address: Pubkey,
        mut before: Option<Signature>,
        until: Option<Signature>,
        mut limit: usize,
    ) -> Result<Vec<RpcConfirmedTransactionStatusWithSignature>> {
        if self.config.enable_rpc_transaction_history {
            let highest_confirmed_root = self
                .block_commitment_cache
                .read()
                .unwrap()
                .highest_confirmed_root();

            let mut results = self
                .blockstore
                .get_confirmed_signatures_for_address2(
                    address,
                    highest_confirmed_root,
                    before,
                    until,
                    limit,
                )
                .map_err(|err| Error::invalid_params(format!("{}", err)))?;

            if results.len() < limit {
                if let Some(bigtable_ledger_storage) = &self.bigtable_ledger_storage {
                    if !results.is_empty() {
                        limit -= results.len();
                        before = results.last().map(|x| x.signature);
                    }

                    let bigtable_results = self.runtime.block_on(
                        bigtable_ledger_storage.get_confirmed_signatures_for_address(
                            &address,
                            before.as_ref(),
                            until.as_ref(),
                            limit,
                        ),
                    );
                    match bigtable_results {
                        Ok(bigtable_results) => {
                            results.extend(bigtable_results.into_iter().map(|x| x.0));
                        }
                        Err(err) => {
                            warn!("{:?}", err);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            Ok(results.into_iter().map(|x| x.into()).collect())
        } else {
            Ok(vec![])
        }
    }

    pub fn get_first_available_block(&self) -> Slot {
        let slot = self
            .blockstore
            .get_first_available_block()
            .unwrap_or_default();

        if let Some(bigtable_ledger_storage) = &self.bigtable_ledger_storage {
            let bigtable_slot = self
                .runtime
                .block_on(bigtable_ledger_storage.get_first_available_block())
                .unwrap_or(None)
                .unwrap_or(slot);

            if bigtable_slot < slot {
                return bigtable_slot;
            }
        }
        slot
    }

    pub fn get_stake_activation(
        &self,
        pubkey: &Pubkey,
        config: Option<RpcStakeConfig>,
    ) -> Result<RpcStakeActivation> {
        let config = config.unwrap_or_default();
        let bank = self.bank(config.commitment);
        let epoch = config.epoch.unwrap_or_else(|| bank.epoch());
        if bank.epoch().saturating_sub(epoch) > solana_sdk::stake_history::MAX_ENTRIES as u64 {
            return Err(Error::invalid_params(format!(
                "Invalid param: epoch {:?} is too far in the past",
                epoch
            )));
        }
        if epoch > bank.epoch() {
            return Err(Error::invalid_params(format!(
                "Invalid param: epoch {:?} has not yet started",
                epoch
            )));
        }

        let stake_account = bank
            .get_account(pubkey)
            .ok_or_else(|| Error::invalid_params("Invalid param: account not found".to_string()))?;
        let stake_state: StakeState = stake_account
            .state()
            .map_err(|_| Error::invalid_params("Invalid param: not a stake account".to_string()))?;
        let delegation = stake_state.delegation().ok_or_else(|| {
            Error::invalid_params("Invalid param: stake account has not been delegated".to_string())
        })?;

        let stake_history_account = bank
            .get_account(&stake_history::id())
            .ok_or_else(Error::internal_error)?;
        let stake_history =
            solana_sdk::account::from_account::<StakeHistory, _>(&stake_history_account)
                .ok_or_else(Error::internal_error)?;

        let (active, activating, deactivating) = delegation.stake_activating_and_deactivating(
            epoch,
            Some(&stake_history),
            bank.stake_program_v2_enabled(),
        );
        let stake_activation_state = if deactivating > 0 {
            StakeActivationState::Deactivating
        } else if activating > 0 {
            StakeActivationState::Activating
        } else if active > 0 {
            StakeActivationState::Active
        } else {
            StakeActivationState::Inactive
        };
        let inactive_stake = match stake_activation_state {
            StakeActivationState::Activating => activating,
            StakeActivationState::Active => 0,
            StakeActivationState::Deactivating => delegation.stake.saturating_sub(active),
            StakeActivationState::Inactive => delegation.stake,
        };
        Ok(RpcStakeActivation {
            state: stake_activation_state,
            active,
            inactive: inactive_stake,
        })
    }

    pub fn get_token_account_balance(
        &self,
        pubkey: &Pubkey,
        commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
    ) -> Result<RpcResponse<UiTokenAmount>> {
        let bank = self.bank(commitment);
        let account = bank.get_account(pubkey).ok_or_else(|| {
            Error::invalid_params("Invalid param: could not find account".to_string())
        })?;

        if account.owner != spl_token_id_v2_0() {
            return Err(Error::invalid_params(
                "Invalid param: not a v2.0 Token account".to_string(),
            ));
        }
        let token_account = TokenAccount::unpack(&account.data()).map_err(|_| {
            Error::invalid_params("Invalid param: not a v2.0 Token account".to_string())
        })?;
        let mint = &Pubkey::from_str(&token_account.mint.to_string())
            .expect("Token account mint should be convertible to Pubkey");
        let (_, decimals) = get_mint_owner_and_decimals(&bank, &mint)?;
        let balance = token_amount_to_ui_amount(token_account.amount, decimals);
        Ok(new_response(&bank, balance))
    }

    pub fn get_token_supply(
        &self,
        mint: &Pubkey,
        commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
    ) -> Result<RpcResponse<UiTokenAmount>> {
        let bank = self.bank(commitment);
        let mint_account = bank.get_account(mint).ok_or_else(|| {
            Error::invalid_params("Invalid param: could not find account".to_string())
        })?;
        if mint_account.owner != spl_token_id_v2_0() {
            return Err(Error::invalid_params(
                "Invalid param: not a v2.0 Token mint".to_string(),
            ));
        }
        let mint = Mint::unpack(&mint_account.data()).map_err(|_| {
            Error::invalid_params("Invalid param: mint could not be unpacked".to_string())
        })?;

        let supply = token_amount_to_ui_amount(mint.supply, mint.decimals);
        Ok(new_response(&bank, supply))
    }

    pub fn get_token_largest_accounts(
        &self,
        mint: &Pubkey,
        commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
    ) -> Result<RpcResponse<Vec<RpcTokenAccountBalance>>> {
        let bank = self.bank(commitment);
        let (mint_owner, decimals) = get_mint_owner_and_decimals(&bank, mint)?;
        if mint_owner != spl_token_id_v2_0() {
            return Err(Error::invalid_params(
                "Invalid param: not a v2.0 Token mint".to_string(),
            ));
        }
        let mut token_balances: Vec<RpcTokenAccountBalance> = self
            .get_filtered_spl_token_accounts_by_mint(&bank, &mint, vec![])
            .into_iter()
            .map(|(address, account)| {
                let amount = TokenAccount::unpack(&account.data())
                    .map(|account| account.amount)
                    .unwrap_or(0);
                let amount = token_amount_to_ui_amount(amount, decimals);
                RpcTokenAccountBalance {
                    address: address.to_string(),
                    amount,
                }
            })
            .collect();
        token_balances.sort_by(|a, b| {
            a.amount
                .amount
                .parse::<u64>()
                .unwrap()
                .cmp(&b.amount.amount.parse::<u64>().unwrap())
                .reverse()
        });
        token_balances.truncate(NUM_LARGEST_ACCOUNTS);
        Ok(new_response(&bank, token_balances))
    }

    pub fn get_token_accounts_by_owner(
        &self,
        owner: &Pubkey,
        token_account_filter: TokenAccountsFilter,
        config: Option<RpcAccountInfoConfig>,
    ) -> Result<RpcResponse<Vec<RpcKeyedAccount>>> {
        let config = config.unwrap_or_default();
        let bank = self.bank(config.commitment);
        let encoding = config.encoding.unwrap_or(UiAccountEncoding::Binary);
        let data_slice_config = config.data_slice;
        check_slice_and_encoding(&encoding, data_slice_config.is_some())?;
        let (_, mint) = get_token_program_id_and_mint(&bank, token_account_filter)?;

        let mut filters = vec![];
        if let Some(mint) = mint {
            // Optional filter on Mint address
            filters.push(RpcFilterType::Memcmp(Memcmp {
                offset: 0,
                bytes: MemcmpEncodedBytes::Binary(mint.to_string()),
                encoding: None,
            }));
        }

        let keyed_accounts = self.get_filtered_spl_token_accounts_by_owner(&bank, owner, filters);
        let accounts = if encoding == UiAccountEncoding::JsonParsed {
            get_parsed_token_accounts(bank.clone(), keyed_accounts.into_iter()).collect()
        } else {
            keyed_accounts
                .into_iter()
                .map(|(pubkey, account)| RpcKeyedAccount {
                    pubkey: pubkey.to_string(),
                    account: UiAccount::encode(
                        &pubkey,
                        account,
                        encoding.clone(),
                        None,
                        data_slice_config,
                    ),
                })
                .collect()
        };
        Ok(new_response(&bank, accounts))
    }

    pub fn get_token_accounts_by_delegate(
        &self,
        delegate: &Pubkey,
        token_account_filter: TokenAccountsFilter,
        config: Option<RpcAccountInfoConfig>,
    ) -> Result<RpcResponse<Vec<RpcKeyedAccount>>> {
        let config = config.unwrap_or_default();
        let bank = self.bank(config.commitment);
        let encoding = config.encoding.unwrap_or(UiAccountEncoding::Binary);
        let data_slice_config = config.data_slice;
        check_slice_and_encoding(&encoding, data_slice_config.is_some())?;
        let (token_program_id, mint) = get_token_program_id_and_mint(&bank, token_account_filter)?;

        let mut filters = vec![
            // Filter on Delegate is_some()
            RpcFilterType::Memcmp(Memcmp {
                offset: 72,
                bytes: MemcmpEncodedBytes::Binary(
                    bs58::encode(bincode::serialize(&1u32).unwrap()).into_string(),
                ),
                encoding: None,
            }),
            // Filter on Delegate address
            RpcFilterType::Memcmp(Memcmp {
                offset: 76,
                bytes: MemcmpEncodedBytes::Binary(delegate.to_string()),
                encoding: None,
            }),
        ];
        // Optional filter on Mint address, uses mint account index for scan
        let keyed_accounts = if let Some(mint) = mint {
            self.get_filtered_spl_token_accounts_by_mint(&bank, &mint, filters)
        } else {
            // Filter on Token Account state
            filters.push(RpcFilterType::DataSize(
                TokenAccount::get_packed_len() as u64
            ));
            self.get_filtered_program_accounts(&bank, &token_program_id, filters)
        };
        let accounts = if encoding == UiAccountEncoding::JsonParsed {
            get_parsed_token_accounts(bank.clone(), keyed_accounts.into_iter()).collect()
        } else {
            keyed_accounts
                .into_iter()
                .map(|(pubkey, account)| RpcKeyedAccount {
                    pubkey: pubkey.to_string(),
                    account: UiAccount::encode(
                        &pubkey,
                        account,
                        encoding.clone(),
                        None,
                        data_slice_config,
                    ),
                })
                .collect()
        };
        Ok(new_response(&bank, accounts))
    }

    /// Use a set of filters to get an iterator of keyed program accounts from a bank
    fn get_filtered_program_accounts(
        &self,
        bank: &Arc<Bank>,
        program_id: &Pubkey,
        filters: Vec<RpcFilterType>,
    ) -> Vec<(Pubkey, AccountSharedData)> {
        let filter_closure = |account: &AccountSharedData| {
            filters.iter().all(|filter_type| match filter_type {
                RpcFilterType::DataSize(size) => account.data().len() as u64 == *size,
                RpcFilterType::Memcmp(compare) => compare.bytes_match(&account.data()),
            })
        };
        if self
            .config
            .account_indexes
            .contains(&AccountIndex::ProgramId)
        {
            bank.get_filtered_indexed_accounts(&IndexKey::ProgramId(*program_id), |account| {
                // The program-id account index checks for Account owner on inclusion. However, due
                // to the current AccountsDb implementation, an account may remain in storage as a
                // zero-lamport AccountSharedData::Default() after being wiped and reinitialized in later
                // updates. We include the redundant filters here to avoid returning these
                // accounts.
                account.owner == *program_id && filter_closure(account)
            })
        } else {
            bank.get_filtered_program_accounts(program_id, filter_closure)
        }
    }

    /// Get an iterator of spl-token accounts by owner address
    fn get_filtered_spl_token_accounts_by_owner(
        &self,
        bank: &Arc<Bank>,
        owner_key: &Pubkey,
        mut filters: Vec<RpcFilterType>,
    ) -> Vec<(Pubkey, AccountSharedData)> {
        // The by-owner accounts index checks for Token Account state and Owner address on
        // inclusion. However, due to the current AccountsDb implementation, an account may remain
        // in storage as a zero-lamport AccountSharedData::Default() after being wiped and reinitialized in
        // later updates. We include the redundant filters here to avoid returning these accounts.
        //
        // Filter on Token Account state
        filters.push(RpcFilterType::DataSize(
            TokenAccount::get_packed_len() as u64
        ));
        // Filter on Owner address
        filters.push(RpcFilterType::Memcmp(Memcmp {
            offset: SPL_TOKEN_ACCOUNT_OWNER_OFFSET,
            bytes: MemcmpEncodedBytes::Binary(owner_key.to_string()),
            encoding: None,
        }));

        if self
            .config
            .account_indexes
            .contains(&AccountIndex::SplTokenOwner)
        {
            bank.get_filtered_indexed_accounts(&IndexKey::SplTokenOwner(*owner_key), |account| {
                account.owner == spl_token_id_v2_0()
                    && filters.iter().all(|filter_type| match filter_type {
                        RpcFilterType::DataSize(size) => account.data().len() as u64 == *size,
                        RpcFilterType::Memcmp(compare) => compare.bytes_match(&account.data()),
                    })
            })
        } else {
            self.get_filtered_program_accounts(bank, &spl_token_id_v2_0(), filters)
        }
    }

    /// Get an iterator of spl-token accounts by mint address
    fn get_filtered_spl_token_accounts_by_mint(
        &self,
        bank: &Arc<Bank>,
        mint_key: &Pubkey,
        mut filters: Vec<RpcFilterType>,
    ) -> Vec<(Pubkey, AccountSharedData)> {
        // The by-mint accounts index checks for Token Account state and Mint address on inclusion.
        // However, due to the current AccountsDb implementation, an account may remain in storage
        // as be zero-lamport AccountSharedData::Default() after being wiped and reinitialized in later
        // updates. We include the redundant filters here to avoid returning these accounts.
        //
        // Filter on Token Account state
        filters.push(RpcFilterType::DataSize(
            TokenAccount::get_packed_len() as u64
        ));
        // Filter on Mint address
        filters.push(RpcFilterType::Memcmp(Memcmp {
            offset: SPL_TOKEN_ACCOUNT_MINT_OFFSET,
            bytes: MemcmpEncodedBytes::Binary(mint_key.to_string()),
            encoding: None,
        }));
        if self
            .config
            .account_indexes
            .contains(&AccountIndex::SplTokenMint)
        {
            bank.get_filtered_indexed_accounts(&IndexKey::SplTokenMint(*mint_key), |account| {
                account.owner == spl_token_id_v2_0()
                    && filters.iter().all(|filter_type| match filter_type {
                        RpcFilterType::DataSize(size) => account.data().len() as u64 == *size,
                        RpcFilterType::Memcmp(compare) => compare.bytes_match(&account.data()),
                    })
            })
        } else {
            self.get_filtered_program_accounts(bank, &spl_token_id_v2_0(), filters)
        }
    }
}

fn verify_transaction(transaction: &Transaction) -> Result<()> {
    if transaction.verify().is_err() {
        return Err(RpcCustomError::TransactionSignatureVerificationFailure.into());
    }

    if let Err(e) = transaction.verify_precompiles() {
        return Err(RpcCustomError::TransactionPrecompileVerificationFailure(e).into());
    }

    Ok(())
}

fn verify_filter(input: &RpcFilterType) -> Result<()> {
    input
        .verify()
        .map_err(|e| Error::invalid_params(format!("Invalid param: {:?}", e)))
}

fn verify_pubkey(input: String) -> Result<Pubkey> {
    input
        .parse()
        .map_err(|e| Error::invalid_params(format!("Invalid param: {:?}", e)))
}

fn verify_signature(input: &str) -> Result<Signature> {
    input
        .parse()
        .map_err(|e| Error::invalid_params(format!("Invalid param: {:?}", e)))
}

fn verify_token_account_filter(
    token_account_filter: RpcTokenAccountsFilter,
) -> Result<TokenAccountsFilter> {
    match token_account_filter {
        RpcTokenAccountsFilter::Mint(mint_str) => {
            let mint = verify_pubkey(mint_str)?;
            Ok(TokenAccountsFilter::Mint(mint))
        }
        RpcTokenAccountsFilter::ProgramId(program_id_str) => {
            let program_id = verify_pubkey(program_id_str)?;
            Ok(TokenAccountsFilter::ProgramId(program_id))
        }
    }
}

fn check_slice_and_encoding(encoding: &UiAccountEncoding, data_slice_is_some: bool) -> Result<()> {
    match encoding {
        UiAccountEncoding::JsonParsed => {
            if data_slice_is_some {
                let message =
                    "Sliced account data can only be encoded using binary (base 58) or base64 encoding."
                        .to_string();
                Err(error::Error {
                    code: error::ErrorCode::InvalidRequest,
                    message,
                    data: None,
                })
            } else {
                Ok(())
            }
        }
        UiAccountEncoding::Binary
        | UiAccountEncoding::Base58
        | UiAccountEncoding::Base64
        | UiAccountEncoding::Base64Zstd => Ok(()),
    }
}

fn get_encoded_account(
    bank: &Arc<Bank>,
    pubkey: &Pubkey,
    encoding: UiAccountEncoding,
    data_slice: Option<UiDataSliceConfig>,
) -> Result<Option<UiAccount>> {
    let mut response = None;
    if let Some(account) = bank.get_account(pubkey) {
        if account.owner == spl_token_id_v2_0() && encoding == UiAccountEncoding::JsonParsed {
            response = Some(get_parsed_token_account(bank.clone(), pubkey, account));
        } else if (encoding == UiAccountEncoding::Binary || encoding == UiAccountEncoding::Base58)
            && account.data().len() > 128
        {
            let message = "Encoded binary (base 58) data should be less than 128 bytes, please use Base64 encoding.".to_string();
            return Err(error::Error {
                code: error::ErrorCode::InvalidRequest,
                message,
                data: None,
            });
        } else {
            response = Some(UiAccount::encode(
                pubkey, account, encoding, None, data_slice,
            ));
        }
    }
    Ok(response)
}

fn get_spl_token_owner_filter(program_id: &Pubkey, filters: &[RpcFilterType]) -> Option<Pubkey> {
    if program_id != &spl_token_id_v2_0() {
        return None;
    }
    let mut data_size_filter: Option<u64> = None;
    let mut owner_key: Option<Pubkey> = None;
    for filter in filters {
        match filter {
            RpcFilterType::DataSize(size) => data_size_filter = Some(*size),
            RpcFilterType::Memcmp(Memcmp {
                offset: SPL_TOKEN_ACCOUNT_OWNER_OFFSET,
                bytes: MemcmpEncodedBytes::Binary(bytes),
                ..
            }) => {
                if let Ok(key) = Pubkey::from_str(bytes) {
                    owner_key = Some(key)
                }
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }
    if data_size_filter == Some(TokenAccount::get_packed_len() as u64) {
        owner_key
    } else {
        None
    }
}

fn get_spl_token_mint_filter(program_id: &Pubkey, filters: &[RpcFilterType]) -> Option<Pubkey> {
    if program_id != &spl_token_id_v2_0() {
        return None;
    }
    let mut data_size_filter: Option<u64> = None;
    let mut mint: Option<Pubkey> = None;
    for filter in filters {
        match filter {
            RpcFilterType::DataSize(size) => data_size_filter = Some(*size),
            RpcFilterType::Memcmp(Memcmp {
                offset: SPL_TOKEN_ACCOUNT_MINT_OFFSET,
                bytes: MemcmpEncodedBytes::Binary(bytes),
                ..
            }) => {
                if let Ok(key) = Pubkey::from_str(bytes) {
                    mint = Some(key)
                }
            }
            _ => {}
        }
    }
    if data_size_filter == Some(TokenAccount::get_packed_len() as u64) {
        mint
    } else {
        None
    }
}

pub(crate) fn get_parsed_token_account(
    bank: Arc<Bank>,
    pubkey: &Pubkey,
    account: AccountSharedData,
) -> UiAccount {
    let additional_data = get_token_account_mint(&account.data())
        .and_then(|mint_pubkey| get_mint_owner_and_decimals(&bank, &mint_pubkey).ok())
        .map(|(_, decimals)| AccountAdditionalData {
            spl_token_decimals: Some(decimals),
        });

    UiAccount::encode(
        pubkey,
        account,
        UiAccountEncoding::JsonParsed,
        additional_data,
        None,
    )
}

pub(crate) fn get_parsed_token_accounts<I>(
    bank: Arc<Bank>,
    keyed_accounts: I,
) -> impl Iterator<Item = RpcKeyedAccount>
where
    I: Iterator<Item = (Pubkey, AccountSharedData)>,
{
    let mut mint_decimals: HashMap<Pubkey, u8> = HashMap::new();
    keyed_accounts.filter_map(move |(pubkey, account)| {
        let additional_data = get_token_account_mint(&account.data()).map(|mint_pubkey| {
            let spl_token_decimals = mint_decimals.get(&mint_pubkey).cloned().or_else(|| {
                let (_, decimals) = get_mint_owner_and_decimals(&bank, &mint_pubkey).ok()?;
                mint_decimals.insert(mint_pubkey, decimals);
                Some(decimals)
            });
            AccountAdditionalData { spl_token_decimals }
        });

        let maybe_encoded_account = UiAccount::encode(
            &pubkey,
            account,
            UiAccountEncoding::JsonParsed,
            additional_data,
            None,
        );
        if let UiAccountData::Json(_) = &maybe_encoded_account.data {
            Some(RpcKeyedAccount {
                pubkey: pubkey.to_string(),
                account: maybe_encoded_account,
            })
        } else {
            None
        }
    })
}

/// Analyze a passed Pubkey that may be a Token program id or Mint address to determine the program
/// id and optional Mint
fn get_token_program_id_and_mint(
    bank: &Arc<Bank>,
    token_account_filter: TokenAccountsFilter,
) -> Result<(Pubkey, Option<Pubkey>)> {
    match token_account_filter {
        TokenAccountsFilter::Mint(mint) => {
            let (mint_owner, _) = get_mint_owner_and_decimals(&bank, &mint)?;
            if mint_owner != spl_token_id_v2_0() {
                return Err(Error::invalid_params(
                    "Invalid param: not a v2.0 Token mint".to_string(),
                ));
            }
            Ok((mint_owner, Some(mint)))
        }
        TokenAccountsFilter::ProgramId(program_id) => {
            if program_id == spl_token_id_v2_0() {
                Ok((program_id, None))
            } else {
                Err(Error::invalid_params(
                    "Invalid param: unrecognized Token program id".to_string(),
                ))
            }
        }
    }
}

/// Analyze a mint Pubkey that may be the native_mint and get the mint-account owner (token
/// program_id) and decimals
fn get_mint_owner_and_decimals(bank: &Arc<Bank>, mint: &Pubkey) -> Result<(Pubkey, u8)> {
    if mint == &spl_token_v2_0_native_mint() {
        Ok((spl_token_id_v2_0(), spl_token_v2_0::native_mint::DECIMALS))
    } else {
        let mint_account = bank.get_account(mint).ok_or_else(|| {
            Error::invalid_params("Invalid param: could not find mint".to_string())
        })?;
        let decimals = get_mint_decimals(&mint_account.data())?;
        Ok((mint_account.owner, decimals))
    }
}

fn get_mint_decimals(data: &[u8]) -> Result<u8> {
    Mint::unpack(data)
        .map_err(|_| {
            Error::invalid_params("Invalid param: Token mint could not be unpacked".to_string())
        })
        .map(|mint| mint.decimals)
}

fn _send_transaction(
    meta: JsonRpcRequestProcessor,
    transaction: Transaction,
    wire_transaction: Vec<u8>,
    last_valid_slot: Slot,
    durable_nonce_info: Option<(Pubkey, Hash)>,
) -> Result<String> {
    if transaction.signatures.is_empty() {
        return Err(RpcCustomError::TransactionSignatureVerificationFailure.into());
    }
    let signature = transaction.signatures[0];
    let transaction_info = TransactionInfo::new(
        signature,
        wire_transaction,
        last_valid_slot,
        durable_nonce_info,
    );
    meta.transaction_sender
        .lock()
        .unwrap()
        .send(transaction_info)
        .unwrap_or_else(|err| warn!("Failed to enqueue transaction: {}", err));

    Ok(signature.to_string())
}

// Minimal RPC interface that trusted validators are expected to provide
pub mod rpc_minimal {
    use super::*;
    #[rpc]
    pub trait Minimal {
        type Metadata;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getBalance")]
        fn get_balance(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            pubkey_str: String,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<u64>>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getEpochInfo")]
        fn get_epoch_info(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<EpochInfo>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getHealth")]
        fn get_health(&self, meta: Self::Metadata) -> Result<String>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getIdentity")]
        fn get_identity(&self, meta: Self::Metadata) -> Result<RpcIdentity>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getSlot")]
        fn get_slot(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<Slot>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getSnapshotSlot")]
        fn get_snapshot_slot(&self, meta: Self::Metadata) -> Result<Slot>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getTransactionCount")]
        fn get_transaction_count(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<u64>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getVersion")]
        fn get_version(&self, meta: Self::Metadata) -> Result<RpcVersionInfo>;

        // TODO: Refactor `solana-validator wait-for-restart-window` to not require this method, so
        //       it can be removed from rpc_minimal
        #[rpc(meta, name = "getVoteAccounts")]
        fn get_vote_accounts(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcVoteAccountStatus>;

        // TODO: Refactor `solana-validator wait-for-restart-window` to not require this method, so
        //       it can be removed from rpc_minimal
        #[rpc(meta, name = "getLeaderSchedule")]
        fn get_leader_schedule(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            slot: Option<Slot>,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<Option<RpcLeaderSchedule>>;
    }

    pub struct MinimalImpl;
    impl Minimal for MinimalImpl {
        type Metadata = JsonRpcRequestProcessor;

        fn get_balance(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            pubkey_str: String,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<u64>> {
            debug!("get_balance rpc request received: {:?}", pubkey_str);
            let pubkey = verify_pubkey(pubkey_str)?;
            Ok(meta.get_balance(&pubkey, commitment))
        }

        fn get_epoch_info(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<EpochInfo> {
            debug!("get_epoch_info rpc request received");
            let bank = meta.bank(commitment);
            Ok(bank.get_epoch_info())
        }

        fn get_health(&self, meta: Self::Metadata) -> Result<String> {
            match meta.health.check() {
                RpcHealthStatus::Ok => Ok("ok".to_string()),
                RpcHealthStatus::Unknown => Err(RpcCustomError::NodeUnhealthy {
                    num_slots_behind: None,
                }
                .into()),
                RpcHealthStatus::Behind { num_slots } => Err(RpcCustomError::NodeUnhealthy {
                    num_slots_behind: Some(num_slots),
                }
                .into()),
            }
        }

        fn get_identity(&self, meta: Self::Metadata) -> Result<RpcIdentity> {
            debug!("get_identity rpc request received");
            Ok(RpcIdentity {
                identity: meta.config.identity_pubkey.to_string(),
            })
        }

        fn get_slot(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<Slot> {
            debug!("get_slot rpc request received");
            Ok(meta.get_slot(commitment))
        }

        fn get_snapshot_slot(&self, meta: Self::Metadata) -> Result<Slot> {
            debug!("get_snapshot_slot rpc request received");

            meta.snapshot_config
                .and_then(|snapshot_config| {
                    get_highest_snapshot_archive_path(&snapshot_config.snapshot_package_output_path)
                        .map(|(_, (slot, _, _))| slot)
                })
                .ok_or_else(|| RpcCustomError::NoSnapshot.into())
        }

        fn get_transaction_count(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<u64> {
            debug!("get_transaction_count rpc request received");
            Ok(meta.get_transaction_count(commitment))
        }

        fn get_version(&self, _: Self::Metadata) -> Result<RpcVersionInfo> {
            debug!("get_version rpc request received");
            let version = solana_version::Version::default();
            Ok(RpcVersionInfo {
                solana_core: version.to_string(),
                feature_set: Some(version.feature_set),
            })
        }

        // TODO: Refactor `solana-validator wait-for-restart-window` to not require this method, so
        //       it can be removed from rpc_minimal
        fn get_vote_accounts(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcVoteAccountStatus> {
            debug!("get_vote_accounts rpc request received");
            meta.get_vote_accounts(commitment)
        }

        // TODO: Refactor `solana-validator wait-for-restart-window` to not require this method, so
        //       it can be removed from rpc_minimal
        fn get_leader_schedule(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            slot: Option<Slot>,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<Option<RpcLeaderSchedule>> {
            let bank = meta.bank(commitment);
            let slot = slot.unwrap_or_else(|| bank.slot());
            let epoch = bank.epoch_schedule().get_epoch(slot);

            debug!("get_leader_schedule rpc request received: {:?}", slot);

            Ok(
                solana_ledger::leader_schedule_utils::leader_schedule(epoch, &bank).map(
                    |leader_schedule| {
                        let mut leader_schedule_by_identity = HashMap::new();

                        for (slot_index, identity_pubkey) in
                            leader_schedule.get_slot_leaders().iter().enumerate()
                        {
                            leader_schedule_by_identity
                                .entry(identity_pubkey)
                                .or_insert_with(Vec::new)
                                .push(slot_index);
                        }

                        leader_schedule_by_identity
                            .into_iter()
                            .map(|(identity_pubkey, slot_indices)| {
                                (identity_pubkey.to_string(), slot_indices)
                            })
                            .collect()
                    },
                ),
            )
        }
    }
}

// Full RPC interface that an API node is expected to provide
// (rpc_minimal should also be provided by an API node)
pub mod rpc_full {
    use super::*;
    #[rpc]
    pub trait Full {
        type Metadata;

        // DEPRECATED
        #[rpc(meta, name = "confirmTransaction")]
        fn confirm_transaction(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            signature_str: String,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<bool>>;

        // DEPRECATED
        #[rpc(meta, name = "getSignatureStatus")]
        fn get_signature_status(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            signature_str: String,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<Option<transaction::Result<()>>>;

        // DEPRECATED (used by Trust Wallet)
        #[rpc(meta, name = "getSignatureConfirmation")]
        fn get_signature_confirmation(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            signature_str: String,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<Option<RpcSignatureConfirmation>>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getAccountInfo")]
        fn get_account_info(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            pubkey_str: String,
            config: Option<RpcAccountInfoConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<Option<UiAccount>>>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getMultipleAccounts")]
        fn get_multiple_accounts(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            pubkey_strs: Vec<String>,
            config: Option<RpcAccountInfoConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<Vec<Option<UiAccount>>>>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getProgramAccounts")]
        fn get_program_accounts(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            program_id_str: String,
            config: Option<RpcProgramAccountsConfig>,
        ) -> Result<Vec<RpcKeyedAccount>>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption")]
        fn get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            data_len: usize,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<u64>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getInflationGovernor")]
        fn get_inflation_governor(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcInflationGovernor>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getInflationRate")]
        fn get_inflation_rate(&self, meta: Self::Metadata) -> Result<RpcInflationRate>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getEpochSchedule")]
        fn get_epoch_schedule(&self, meta: Self::Metadata) -> Result<EpochSchedule>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getClusterNodes")]
        fn get_cluster_nodes(&self, meta: Self::Metadata) -> Result<Vec<RpcContactInfo>>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getRecentPerformanceSamples")]
        fn get_recent_performance_samples(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            limit: Option<usize>,
        ) -> Result<Vec<RpcPerfSample>>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getBlockCommitment")]
        fn get_block_commitment(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            block: Slot,
        ) -> Result<RpcBlockCommitment<BlockCommitmentArray>>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getGenesisHash")]
        fn get_genesis_hash(&self, meta: Self::Metadata) -> Result<String>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getRecentBlockhash")]
        fn get_recent_blockhash(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<RpcBlockhashFeeCalculator>>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getFees")]
        fn get_fees(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<RpcFees>>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getFeeCalculatorForBlockhash")]
        fn get_fee_calculator_for_blockhash(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            blockhash: String,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<Option<RpcFeeCalculator>>>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getFeeRateGovernor")]
        fn get_fee_rate_governor(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<RpcFeeRateGovernor>>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getSignatureStatuses")]
        fn get_signature_statuses(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            signature_strs: Vec<String>,
            config: Option<RpcSignatureStatusConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<Vec<Option<TransactionStatus>>>>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getMaxRetransmitSlot")]
        fn get_max_retransmit_slot(&self, meta: Self::Metadata) -> Result<Slot>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getMaxShredInsertSlot")]
        fn get_max_shred_insert_slot(&self, meta: Self::Metadata) -> Result<Slot>;

        // DEPRECATED
        #[rpc(meta, name = "getTotalSupply")]
        fn get_total_supply(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<u64>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getLargestAccounts")]
        fn get_largest_accounts(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            config: Option<RpcLargestAccountsConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<Vec<RpcAccountBalance>>>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getSupply")]
        fn get_supply(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<RpcSupply>>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "requestAirdrop")]
        fn request_airdrop(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            pubkey_str: String,
            lamports: u64,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<String>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "sendTransaction")]
        fn send_transaction(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            data: String,
            config: Option<RpcSendTransactionConfig>,
        ) -> Result<String>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "simulateTransaction")]
        fn simulate_transaction(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            data: String,
            config: Option<RpcSimulateTransactionConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<RpcSimulateTransactionResult>>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getSlotLeader")]
        fn get_slot_leader(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<String>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "minimumLedgerSlot")]
        fn minimum_ledger_slot(&self, meta: Self::Metadata) -> Result<Slot>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getConfirmedBlock")]
        fn get_confirmed_block(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            slot: Slot,
            encoding: Option<UiTransactionEncoding>,
        ) -> Result<Option<EncodedConfirmedBlock>>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getBlockTime")]
        fn get_block_time(&self, meta: Self::Metadata, slot: Slot)
            -> Result<Option<UnixTimestamp>>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getConfirmedBlocks")]
        fn get_confirmed_blocks(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            start_slot: Slot,
            end_slot: Option<Slot>,
        ) -> Result<Vec<Slot>>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getConfirmedBlocksWithLimit")]
        fn get_confirmed_blocks_with_limit(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            start_slot: Slot,
            limit: usize,
        ) -> Result<Vec<Slot>>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getConfirmedTransaction")]
        fn get_confirmed_transaction(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            signature_str: String,
            encoding: Option<UiTransactionEncoding>,
        ) -> Result<Option<EncodedConfirmedTransaction>>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getConfirmedSignaturesForAddress")]
        fn get_confirmed_signatures_for_address(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            pubkey_str: String,
            start_slot: Slot,
            end_slot: Slot,
        ) -> Result<Vec<String>>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getConfirmedSignaturesForAddress2")]
        fn get_confirmed_signatures_for_address2(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            address: String,
            config: Option<RpcGetConfirmedSignaturesForAddress2Config>,
        ) -> Result<Vec<RpcConfirmedTransactionStatusWithSignature>>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getFirstAvailableBlock")]
        fn get_first_available_block(&self, meta: Self::Metadata) -> Result<Slot>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getStakeActivation")]
        fn get_stake_activation(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            pubkey_str: String,
            config: Option<RpcStakeConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcStakeActivation>;

        // SPL Token-specific RPC endpoints
        // See https://github.com/solana-labs/solana-program-library/releases/tag/token-v2.0.0 for
        // program details

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getTokenAccountBalance")]
        fn get_token_account_balance(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            pubkey_str: String,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<UiTokenAmount>>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getTokenSupply")]
        fn get_token_supply(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            mint_str: String,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<UiTokenAmount>>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getTokenLargestAccounts")]
        fn get_token_largest_accounts(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            mint_str: String,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<Vec<RpcTokenAccountBalance>>>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getTokenAccountsByOwner")]
        fn get_token_accounts_by_owner(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            owner_str: String,
            token_account_filter: RpcTokenAccountsFilter,
            config: Option<RpcAccountInfoConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<Vec<RpcKeyedAccount>>>;

        #[rpc(meta, name = "getTokenAccountsByDelegate")]
        fn get_token_accounts_by_delegate(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            delegate_str: String,
            token_account_filter: RpcTokenAccountsFilter,
            config: Option<RpcAccountInfoConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<Vec<RpcKeyedAccount>>>;
    }

    pub struct FullImpl;
    impl Full for FullImpl {
        type Metadata = JsonRpcRequestProcessor;

        fn confirm_transaction(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            id: String,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<bool>> {
            debug!("confirm_transaction rpc request received: {:?}", id);
            let signature = verify_signature(&id)?;
            Ok(meta.confirm_transaction(&signature, commitment))
        }

        fn get_account_info(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            pubkey_str: String,
            config: Option<RpcAccountInfoConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<Option<UiAccount>>> {
            debug!("get_account_info rpc request received: {:?}", pubkey_str);
            let pubkey = verify_pubkey(pubkey_str)?;
            meta.get_account_info(&pubkey, config)
        }

        fn get_multiple_accounts(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            pubkey_strs: Vec<String>,
            config: Option<RpcAccountInfoConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<Vec<Option<UiAccount>>>> {
            debug!(
                "get_multiple_accounts rpc request received: {:?}",
                pubkey_strs.len()
            );

            let max_multiple_accounts = meta
                .config
                .max_multiple_accounts
                .unwrap_or(MAX_MULTIPLE_ACCOUNTS);
            if pubkey_strs.len() > max_multiple_accounts {
                return Err(Error::invalid_params(format!(
                    "Too many inputs provided; max {}",
                    max_multiple_accounts
                )));
            }
            let mut pubkeys: Vec<Pubkey> = vec![];
            for pubkey_str in pubkey_strs {
                pubkeys.push(verify_pubkey(pubkey_str)?);
            }
            meta.get_multiple_accounts(pubkeys, config)
        }

        fn get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            data_len: usize,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<u64> {
            debug!(
                "get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption rpc request received: {:?}",
                data_len
            );
            if data_len as u64 > system_instruction::MAX_PERMITTED_DATA_LENGTH {
                return Err(Error::invalid_request());
            }
            Ok(meta.get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(data_len, commitment))
        }

        fn get_program_accounts(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            program_id_str: String,
            config: Option<RpcProgramAccountsConfig>,
        ) -> Result<Vec<RpcKeyedAccount>> {
            debug!(
                "get_program_accounts rpc request received: {:?}",
                program_id_str
            );
            let program_id = verify_pubkey(program_id_str)?;
            let (config, filters) = if let Some(config) = config {
                (
                    Some(config.account_config),
                    config.filters.unwrap_or_default(),
                )
            } else {
                (None, vec![])
            };
            if filters.len() > MAX_GET_PROGRAM_ACCOUNT_FILTERS {
                return Err(Error::invalid_params(format!(
                    "Too many filters provided; max {}",
                    MAX_GET_PROGRAM_ACCOUNT_FILTERS
                )));
            }
            for filter in &filters {
                verify_filter(filter)?;
            }
            meta.get_program_accounts(&program_id, config, filters)
        }

        fn get_inflation_governor(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcInflationGovernor> {
            debug!("get_inflation_governor rpc request received");
            Ok(meta.get_inflation_governor(commitment))
        }

        fn get_inflation_rate(&self, meta: Self::Metadata) -> Result<RpcInflationRate> {
            debug!("get_inflation_rate rpc request received");
            Ok(meta.get_inflation_rate())
        }

        fn get_epoch_schedule(&self, meta: Self::Metadata) -> Result<EpochSchedule> {
            debug!("get_epoch_schedule rpc request received");
            Ok(meta.get_epoch_schedule())
        }

        fn get_recent_performance_samples(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            limit: Option<usize>,
        ) -> Result<Vec<RpcPerfSample>> {
            debug!("get_recent_performance_samples request received");

            let limit = limit.unwrap_or(PERFORMANCE_SAMPLES_LIMIT);

            if limit > PERFORMANCE_SAMPLES_LIMIT {
                return Err(Error::invalid_params(format!(
                    "Invalid limit; max {}",
                    PERFORMANCE_SAMPLES_LIMIT
                )));
            }

            Ok(meta
                .blockstore
                .get_recent_perf_samples(limit)
                .map_err(|err| {
                    warn!("get_recent_performance_samples failed: {:?}", err);
                    Error::invalid_request()
                })?
                .iter()
                .map(|(slot, sample)| RpcPerfSample {
                    slot: *slot,
                    num_transactions: sample.num_transactions,
                    num_slots: sample.num_slots,
                    sample_period_secs: sample.sample_period_secs,
                })
                .collect())
        }

        fn get_cluster_nodes(&self, meta: Self::Metadata) -> Result<Vec<RpcContactInfo>> {
            debug!("get_cluster_nodes rpc request received");
            let cluster_info = &meta.cluster_info;
            fn valid_address_or_none(addr: &SocketAddr) -> Option<SocketAddr> {
                if ContactInfo::is_valid_address(addr) {
                    Some(*addr)
                } else {
                    None
                }
            }
            let my_shred_version = cluster_info.my_shred_version();
            Ok(cluster_info
                .all_peers()
                .iter()
                .filter_map(|(contact_info, _)| {
                    if my_shred_version == contact_info.shred_version
                        && ContactInfo::is_valid_address(&contact_info.gossip)
                    {
                        let (version, feature_set) = if let Some(version) =
                            cluster_info.get_node_version(&contact_info.id)
                        {
                            (Some(version.to_string()), Some(version.feature_set))
                        } else {
                            (None, None)
                        };
                        Some(RpcContactInfo {
                            pubkey: contact_info.id.to_string(),
                            gossip: Some(contact_info.gossip),
                            tpu: valid_address_or_none(&contact_info.tpu),
                            rpc: valid_address_or_none(&contact_info.rpc),
                            version,
                            feature_set,
                        })
                    } else {
                        None // Exclude spy nodes
                    }
                })
                .collect())
        }

        fn get_block_commitment(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            block: Slot,
        ) -> Result<RpcBlockCommitment<BlockCommitmentArray>> {
            debug!("get_block_commitment rpc request received");
            Ok(meta.get_block_commitment(block))
        }

        fn get_genesis_hash(&self, meta: Self::Metadata) -> Result<String> {
            debug!("get_genesis_hash rpc request received");
            Ok(meta.genesis_hash.to_string())
        }

        fn get_recent_blockhash(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<RpcBlockhashFeeCalculator>> {
            debug!("get_recent_blockhash rpc request received");
            Ok(meta.get_recent_blockhash(commitment))
        }

        fn get_fees(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<RpcFees>> {
            debug!("get_fees rpc request received");
            Ok(meta.get_fees(commitment))
        }

        fn get_fee_calculator_for_blockhash(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            blockhash: String,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<Option<RpcFeeCalculator>>> {
            debug!("get_fee_calculator_for_blockhash rpc request received");
            let blockhash = Hash::from_str(&blockhash)
                .map_err(|e| Error::invalid_params(format!("{:?}", e)))?;
            Ok(meta.get_fee_calculator_for_blockhash(&blockhash, commitment))
        }

        fn get_fee_rate_governor(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<RpcFeeRateGovernor>> {
            debug!("get_fee_rate_governor rpc request received");
            Ok(meta.get_fee_rate_governor())
        }

        fn get_signature_confirmation(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            signature_str: String,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<Option<RpcSignatureConfirmation>> {
            debug!(
                "get_signature_confirmation rpc request received: {:?}",
                signature_str
            );
            let signature = verify_signature(&signature_str)?;
            Ok(meta.get_signature_confirmation_status(signature, commitment))
        }

        fn get_signature_status(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            signature_str: String,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<Option<transaction::Result<()>>> {
            debug!(
                "get_signature_status rpc request received: {:?}",
                signature_str
            );
            let signature = verify_signature(&signature_str)?;
            Ok(meta.get_signature_status(signature, commitment))
        }

        fn get_signature_statuses(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            signature_strs: Vec<String>,
            config: Option<RpcSignatureStatusConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<Vec<Option<TransactionStatus>>>> {
            debug!(
                "get_signature_statuses rpc request received: {:?}",
                signature_strs.len()
            );
            if signature_strs.len() > MAX_GET_SIGNATURE_STATUSES_QUERY_ITEMS {
                return Err(Error::invalid_params(format!(
                    "Too many inputs provided; max {}",
                    MAX_GET_SIGNATURE_STATUSES_QUERY_ITEMS
                )));
            }
            let mut signatures: Vec<Signature> = vec![];
            for signature_str in signature_strs {
                signatures.push(verify_signature(&signature_str)?);
            }
            meta.get_signature_statuses(signatures, config)
        }

        fn get_max_retransmit_slot(&self, meta: Self::Metadata) -> Result<Slot> {
            debug!("get_max_retransmit_slot rpc request received");
            Ok(meta.get_max_retransmit_slot())
        }

        fn get_max_shred_insert_slot(&self, meta: Self::Metadata) -> Result<Slot> {
            debug!("get_max_shred_insert_slot rpc request received");
            Ok(meta.get_max_shred_insert_slot())
        }

        fn get_total_supply(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<u64> {
            debug!("get_total_supply rpc request received");
            Ok(meta.get_total_supply(commitment))
        }

        fn get_largest_accounts(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            config: Option<RpcLargestAccountsConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<Vec<RpcAccountBalance>>> {
            debug!("get_largest_accounts rpc request received");
            Ok(meta.get_largest_accounts(config))
        }

        fn get_supply(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<RpcSupply>> {
            debug!("get_supply rpc request received");
            Ok(meta.get_supply(commitment))
        }

        fn request_airdrop(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            pubkey_str: String,
            lamports: u64,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<String> {
            debug!("request_airdrop rpc request received");
            trace!(
                "request_airdrop id={} lamports={} commitment: {:?}",
                pubkey_str,
                lamports,
                &commitment
            );

            let faucet_addr = meta.config.faucet_addr.ok_or_else(Error::invalid_request)?;
            let pubkey = verify_pubkey(pubkey_str)?;

            let (blockhash, last_valid_slot) = {
                let bank = meta.bank(commitment);

                let blockhash = bank.confirmed_last_blockhash().0;
                (
                    blockhash,
                    bank.get_blockhash_last_valid_slot(&blockhash).unwrap_or(0),
                )
            };

            let transaction =
                request_airdrop_transaction(&faucet_addr, &pubkey, lamports, blockhash).map_err(
                    |err| {
                        info!("request_airdrop_transaction failed: {:?}", err);
                        Error::internal_error()
                    },
                )?;

            let wire_transaction = serialize(&transaction).map_err(|err| {
                info!("request_airdrop: serialize error: {:?}", err);
                Error::internal_error()
            })?;

            _send_transaction(meta, transaction, wire_transaction, last_valid_slot, None)
        }

        fn send_transaction(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            data: String,
            config: Option<RpcSendTransactionConfig>,
        ) -> Result<String> {
            debug!("send_transaction rpc request received");
            let config = config.unwrap_or_default();
            let encoding = config.encoding.unwrap_or(UiTransactionEncoding::Base58);
            let (wire_transaction, transaction) = deserialize_transaction(data, encoding)?;

            let preflight_commitment = config
                .preflight_commitment
                .map(|commitment| CommitmentConfig { commitment });
            let preflight_bank = &*meta.bank(preflight_commitment);

            let mut last_valid_slot = preflight_bank
                .get_blockhash_last_valid_slot(&transaction.message.recent_blockhash)
                .unwrap_or(0);

            let durable_nonce_info = solana_sdk::transaction::uses_durable_nonce(&transaction)
                .and_then(|nonce_ix| {
                    solana_sdk::transaction::get_nonce_pubkey_from_instruction(
                        &nonce_ix,
                        &transaction,
                    )
                })
                .map(|&pubkey| (pubkey, transaction.message.recent_blockhash));
            if durable_nonce_info.is_some() {
                // While it uses a defined constant, this last_valid_slot value is chosen arbitrarily.
                // It provides a fallback timeout for durable-nonce transaction retries in case of
                // malicious packing of the retry queue. Durable-nonce transactions are otherwise
                // retried until the nonce is advanced.
                last_valid_slot = preflight_bank.slot() + MAX_RECENT_BLOCKHASHES as u64;
            }

            if !config.skip_preflight {
                if let Err(e) = verify_transaction(&transaction) {
                    return Err(e);
                }

                match meta.health.check() {
                    RpcHealthStatus::Ok => (),
                    RpcHealthStatus::Unknown => {
                        return Err(RpcCustomError::NodeUnhealthy {
                            num_slots_behind: None,
                        }
                        .into());
                    }
                    RpcHealthStatus::Behind { num_slots } => {
                        return Err(RpcCustomError::NodeUnhealthy {
                            num_slots_behind: Some(num_slots),
                        }
                        .into());
                    }
                }

                if let (Err(err), logs) = preflight_bank.simulate_transaction(transaction.clone()) {
                    return Err(RpcCustomError::SendTransactionPreflightFailure {
                        message: format!("Transaction simulation failed: {}", err),
                        result: RpcSimulateTransactionResult {
                            err: Some(err),
                            logs: Some(logs),
                        },
                    }
                    .into());
                }
            }

            _send_transaction(
                meta,
                transaction,
                wire_transaction,
                last_valid_slot,
                durable_nonce_info,
            )
        }

        fn simulate_transaction(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            data: String,
            config: Option<RpcSimulateTransactionConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<RpcSimulateTransactionResult>> {
            debug!("simulate_transaction rpc request received");
            let config = config.unwrap_or_default();
            let encoding = config.encoding.unwrap_or(UiTransactionEncoding::Base58);
            let (_, transaction) = deserialize_transaction(data, encoding)?;

            if config.sig_verify {
                if let Err(e) = verify_transaction(&transaction) {
                    return Err(e);
                }
            }

            let bank = &*meta.bank(config.commitment);
            let (result, logs) = bank.simulate_transaction(transaction);

            Ok(new_response(
                &bank,
                RpcSimulateTransactionResult {
                    err: result.err(),
                    logs: Some(logs),
                },
            ))
        }

        fn get_slot_leader(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<String> {
            debug!("get_slot_leader rpc request received");
            Ok(meta.get_slot_leader(commitment))
        }

        fn minimum_ledger_slot(&self, meta: Self::Metadata) -> Result<Slot> {
            debug!("minimum_ledger_slot rpc request received");
            meta.minimum_ledger_slot()
        }

        fn get_confirmed_block(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            slot: Slot,
            encoding: Option<UiTransactionEncoding>,
        ) -> Result<Option<EncodedConfirmedBlock>> {
            debug!("get_confirmed_block rpc request received: {:?}", slot);
            meta.get_confirmed_block(slot, encoding)
        }

        fn get_confirmed_blocks(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            start_slot: Slot,
            end_slot: Option<Slot>,
        ) -> Result<Vec<Slot>> {
            debug!(
                "get_confirmed_blocks rpc request received: {}-{:?}",
                start_slot, end_slot
            );
            meta.get_confirmed_blocks(start_slot, end_slot)
        }

        fn get_confirmed_blocks_with_limit(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            start_slot: Slot,
            limit: usize,
        ) -> Result<Vec<Slot>> {
            debug!(
                "get_confirmed_blocks_with_limit rpc request received: {}-{}",
                start_slot, limit,
            );
            meta.get_confirmed_blocks_with_limit(start_slot, limit)
        }

        fn get_block_time(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            slot: Slot,
        ) -> Result<Option<UnixTimestamp>> {
            meta.get_block_time(slot)
        }

        fn get_confirmed_transaction(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            signature_str: String,
            encoding: Option<UiTransactionEncoding>,
        ) -> Result<Option<EncodedConfirmedTransaction>> {
            debug!(
                "get_confirmed_transaction rpc request received: {:?}",
                signature_str
            );
            let signature = verify_signature(&signature_str)?;
            Ok(meta.get_confirmed_transaction(signature, encoding))
        }

        fn get_confirmed_signatures_for_address(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            pubkey_str: String,
            start_slot: Slot,
            end_slot: Slot,
        ) -> Result<Vec<String>> {
            debug!(
                "get_confirmed_signatures_for_address rpc request received: {:?} {:?}-{:?}",
                pubkey_str, start_slot, end_slot
            );
            let pubkey = verify_pubkey(pubkey_str)?;
            if end_slot < start_slot {
                return Err(Error::invalid_params(format!(
                    "start_slot {} must be less than or equal to end_slot {}",
                    start_slot, end_slot
                )));
            }
            if end_slot - start_slot > MAX_GET_CONFIRMED_SIGNATURES_FOR_ADDRESS_SLOT_RANGE {
                return Err(Error::invalid_params(format!(
                    "Slot range too large; max {}",
                    MAX_GET_CONFIRMED_SIGNATURES_FOR_ADDRESS_SLOT_RANGE
                )));
            }
            Ok(meta
                .get_confirmed_signatures_for_address(pubkey, start_slot, end_slot)
                .iter()
                .map(|signature| signature.to_string())
                .collect())
        }

        fn get_confirmed_signatures_for_address2(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            address: String,
            config: Option<RpcGetConfirmedSignaturesForAddress2Config>,
        ) -> Result<Vec<RpcConfirmedTransactionStatusWithSignature>> {
            let address = verify_pubkey(address)?;

            let config = config.unwrap_or_default();
            let before = if let Some(before) = config.before {
                Some(verify_signature(&before)?)
            } else {
                None
            };
            let until = if let Some(until) = config.until {
                Some(verify_signature(&until)?)
            } else {
                None
            };
            let limit = config
                .limit
                .unwrap_or(MAX_GET_CONFIRMED_SIGNATURES_FOR_ADDRESS2_LIMIT);

            if limit == 0 || limit > MAX_GET_CONFIRMED_SIGNATURES_FOR_ADDRESS2_LIMIT {
                return Err(Error::invalid_params(format!(
                    "Invalid limit; max {}",
                    MAX_GET_CONFIRMED_SIGNATURES_FOR_ADDRESS2_LIMIT
                )));
            }

            meta.get_confirmed_signatures_for_address2(address, before, until, limit)
        }

        fn get_first_available_block(&self, meta: Self::Metadata) -> Result<Slot> {
            debug!("get_first_available_block rpc request received");
            Ok(meta.get_first_available_block())
        }

        fn get_stake_activation(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            pubkey_str: String,
            config: Option<RpcStakeConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcStakeActivation> {
            debug!(
                "get_stake_activation rpc request received: {:?}",
                pubkey_str
            );
            let pubkey = verify_pubkey(pubkey_str)?;
            meta.get_stake_activation(&pubkey, config)
        }

        fn get_token_account_balance(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            pubkey_str: String,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<UiTokenAmount>> {
            debug!(
                "get_token_account_balance rpc request received: {:?}",
                pubkey_str
            );
            let pubkey = verify_pubkey(pubkey_str)?;
            meta.get_token_account_balance(&pubkey, commitment)
        }

        fn get_token_supply(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            mint_str: String,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<UiTokenAmount>> {
            debug!("get_token_supply rpc request received: {:?}", mint_str);
            let mint = verify_pubkey(mint_str)?;
            meta.get_token_supply(&mint, commitment)
        }

        fn get_token_largest_accounts(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            mint_str: String,
            commitment: Option<CommitmentConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<Vec<RpcTokenAccountBalance>>> {
            debug!(
                "get_token_largest_accounts rpc request received: {:?}",
                mint_str
            );
            let mint = verify_pubkey(mint_str)?;
            meta.get_token_largest_accounts(&mint, commitment)
        }

        fn get_token_accounts_by_owner(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            owner_str: String,
            token_account_filter: RpcTokenAccountsFilter,
            config: Option<RpcAccountInfoConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<Vec<RpcKeyedAccount>>> {
            debug!(
                "get_token_accounts_by_owner rpc request received: {:?}",
                owner_str
            );
            let owner = verify_pubkey(owner_str)?;
            let token_account_filter = verify_token_account_filter(token_account_filter)?;
            meta.get_token_accounts_by_owner(&owner, token_account_filter, config)
        }

        fn get_token_accounts_by_delegate(
            &self,
            meta: Self::Metadata,
            delegate_str: String,
            token_account_filter: RpcTokenAccountsFilter,
            config: Option<RpcAccountInfoConfig>,
        ) -> Result<RpcResponse<Vec<RpcKeyedAccount>>> {
            debug!(
                "get_token_accounts_by_delegate rpc request received: {:?}",
                delegate_str
            );
            let delegate = verify_pubkey(delegate_str)?;
            let token_account_filter = verify_token_account_filter(token_account_filter)?;
            meta.get_token_accounts_by_delegate(&delegate, token_account_filter, config)
        }
    }
}

const WORST_CASE_BASE58_TX: usize = 1683; // Golden, bump if PACKET_DATA_SIZE changes
const WORST_CASE_BASE64_TX: usize = 1644; // Golden, bump if PACKET_DATA_SIZE changes
fn deserialize_transaction(
    encoded_transaction: String,
    encoding: UiTransactionEncoding,
) -> Result<(Vec<u8>, Transaction)> {
    let wire_transaction = match encoding {
        UiTransactionEncoding::Base58 => {
            inc_new_counter_info!("rpc-base58_encoded_tx", 1);
            if encoded_transaction.len() > WORST_CASE_BASE58_TX {
                return Err(Error::invalid_params(format!(
                    "encoded transaction too large: {} bytes (max: encoded/raw {}/{})",
                    encoded_transaction.len(),
                    WORST_CASE_BASE58_TX,
                    PACKET_DATA_SIZE,
                )));
            }
            bs58::decode(encoded_transaction)
                .into_vec()
                .map_err(|e| Error::invalid_params(format!("{:?}", e)))?
        }
        UiTransactionEncoding::Base64 => {
            inc_new_counter_info!("rpc-base64_encoded_tx", 1);
            if encoded_transaction.len() > WORST_CASE_BASE64_TX {
                return Err(Error::invalid_params(format!(
                    "encoded transaction too large: {} bytes (max: encoded/raw {}/{})",
                    encoded_transaction.len(),
                    WORST_CASE_BASE64_TX,
                    PACKET_DATA_SIZE,
                )));
            }
            base64::decode(encoded_transaction)
                .map_err(|e| Error::invalid_params(format!("{:?}", e)))?
        }
        _ => {
            return Err(Error::invalid_params(format!(
                "unsupported transaction encoding: {}. Supported encodings: base58, base64",
                encoding
            )))
        }
    };
    if wire_transaction.len() > PACKET_DATA_SIZE {
        let err = format!(
            "transaction too large: {} bytes (max: {} bytes)",
            wire_transaction.len(),
            PACKET_DATA_SIZE
        );
        info!("{}", err);
        return Err(Error::invalid_params(&err));
    }
    bincode::options()
        .with_limit(PACKET_DATA_SIZE as u64)
        .with_fixint_encoding()
        .allow_trailing_bytes()
        .deserialize_from(&wire_transaction[..])
        .map_err(|err| {
            info!("transaction deserialize error: {:?}", err);
            Error::invalid_params(&err.to_string())
        })
        .and_then(|transaction: Transaction| {
            if let Err(err) = transaction.sanitize() {
                Err(Error::invalid_params(format!(
                    "invalid transaction: {}",
                    err
                )))
            } else {
                Ok(transaction)
            }
        })
        .map(|transaction| (wire_transaction, transaction))
}

pub(crate) fn create_validator_exit(exit: &Arc<AtomicBool>) -> Arc<RwLock<ValidatorExit>> {
    let mut validator_exit = ValidatorExit::default();
    let exit_ = exit.clone();
    validator_exit.register_exit(Box::new(move || exit_.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed)));
    Arc::new(RwLock::new(validator_exit))
}

#[cfg(test)]
pub mod tests {
    use super::{rpc_full::*, rpc_minimal::*, *};
    use crate::{
        contact_info::ContactInfo,
        non_circulating_supply::non_circulating_accounts,
        optimistically_confirmed_bank_tracker::{
            BankNotification, OptimisticallyConfirmedBankTracker,
        },
        replay_stage::tests::create_test_transactions_and_populate_blockstore,
        rpc_subscriptions::RpcSubscriptions,
    };
    use bincode::deserialize;
    use jsonrpc_core::{futures, ErrorCode, MetaIoHandler, Output, Response, Value};
    use jsonrpc_core_client::transports::local;
    use solana_client::rpc_filter::{Memcmp, MemcmpEncodedBytes};
    use solana_ledger::{
        blockstore_meta::PerfSample,
        blockstore_processor::fill_blockstore_slot_with_ticks,
        genesis_utils::{create_genesis_config, GenesisConfigInfo},
    };
    use solana_runtime::{
        accounts_background_service::AbsRequestSender, commitment::BlockCommitment,
    };
    use solana_sdk::{
        clock::MAX_RECENT_BLOCKHASHES,
        fee_calculator::DEFAULT_BURN_PERCENT,
        hash::{hash, Hash},
        instruction::InstructionError,
        message::Message,
        nonce, rpc_port,
        signature::{Keypair, Signer},
        system_program, system_transaction,
        timing::slot_duration_from_slots_per_year,
        transaction::{self, TransactionError},
    };
    use solana_transaction_status::{
        EncodedTransaction, EncodedTransactionWithStatusMeta, UiMessage,
    };
    use solana_vote_program::{
        vote_instruction,
        vote_state::{BlockTimestamp, Vote, VoteInit, VoteStateVersions, MAX_LOCKOUT_HISTORY},
    };
    use spl_token_v2_0::{
        solana_program::{program_option::COption, pubkey::Pubkey as SplTokenPubkey},
        state::AccountState as TokenAccountState,
        state::Mint,
    };
    use std::collections::HashMap;

    const TEST_MINT_LAMPORTS: u64 = 1_000_000;
    const TEST_SLOTS_PER_EPOCH: u64 = DELINQUENT_VALIDATOR_SLOT_DISTANCE + 1;

    struct RpcHandler {
        io: MetaIoHandler<JsonRpcRequestProcessor>,
        meta: JsonRpcRequestProcessor,
        bank: Arc<Bank>,
        bank_forks: Arc<RwLock<BankForks>>,
        blockhash: Hash,
        alice: Keypair,
        leader_pubkey: Pubkey,
        leader_vote_keypair: Arc<Keypair>,
        block_commitment_cache: Arc<RwLock<BlockCommitmentCache>>,
        confirmed_block_signatures: Vec<Signature>,
    }

    fn start_rpc_handler_with_tx(pubkey: &Pubkey) -> RpcHandler {
        start_rpc_handler_with_tx_and_blockstore(pubkey, vec![])
    }

    fn start_rpc_handler_with_tx_and_blockstore(
        pubkey: &Pubkey,
        blockstore_roots: Vec<Slot>,
    ) -> RpcHandler {
        let (bank_forks, alice, leader_vote_keypair) = new_bank_forks();
        let bank = bank_forks.read().unwrap().working_bank();

        let vote_pubkey = leader_vote_keypair.pubkey();
        let mut vote_account = bank.get_account(&vote_pubkey).unwrap_or_default();
        let mut vote_state = VoteState::from(&vote_account).unwrap_or_default();
        vote_state.last_timestamp = BlockTimestamp {
            slot: bank.slot(),
            timestamp: bank.clock().unix_timestamp,
        };
        let versioned = VoteStateVersions::new_current(vote_state);
        VoteState::to(&versioned, &mut vote_account).unwrap();
        bank.store_account(&vote_pubkey, &vote_account);

        let ledger_path = get_tmp_ledger_path!();
        let blockstore = Blockstore::open(&ledger_path).unwrap();
        let blockstore = Arc::new(blockstore);

        let keypair1 = Keypair::new();
        let keypair2 = Keypair::new();
        let keypair3 = Keypair::new();
        bank.transfer(4, &alice, &keypair2.pubkey()).unwrap();
        let confirmed_block_signatures = create_test_transactions_and_populate_blockstore(
            vec![&alice, &keypair1, &keypair2, &keypair3],
            0,
            bank.clone(),
            blockstore.clone(),
        );

        let mut commitment_slot0 = BlockCommitment::default();
        commitment_slot0.increase_confirmation_stake(2, 9);
        let mut commitment_slot1 = BlockCommitment::default();
        commitment_slot1.increase_confirmation_stake(1, 9);
        let mut block_commitment: HashMap<u64, BlockCommitment> = HashMap::new();
        block_commitment.entry(0).or_insert(commitment_slot0);
        block_commitment.entry(1).or_insert(commitment_slot1);
        let block_commitment_cache = Arc::new(RwLock::new(BlockCommitmentCache::new(
            block_commitment,
            10,
            CommitmentSlots::new_from_slot(bank.slot()),
        )));

        let mut roots = blockstore_roots;
        if !roots.is_empty() {
            roots.retain(|&x| x > 0);
            let mut parent_bank = bank;
            for (i, root) in roots.iter().enumerate() {
                let new_bank =
                    Bank::new_from_parent(&parent_bank, parent_bank.collector_id(), *root);
                parent_bank = bank_forks.write().unwrap().insert(new_bank);
                let parent = if i > 0 { roots[i - 1] } else { 0 };
                fill_blockstore_slot_with_ticks(&blockstore, 5, *root, parent, Hash::default());
            }
            blockstore.set_roots(&roots).unwrap();
            let new_bank = Bank::new_from_parent(
                &parent_bank,
                parent_bank.collector_id(),
                roots.iter().max().unwrap() + 1,
            );
            bank_forks.write().unwrap().insert(new_bank);

            for root in roots.iter() {
                bank_forks
                    .write()
                    .unwrap()
                    .set_root(*root, &AbsRequestSender::default(), Some(0));
                let mut stakes = HashMap::new();
                stakes.insert(
                    leader_vote_keypair.pubkey(),
                    (1, AccountSharedData::default()),
                );
                let block_time = bank_forks
                    .read()
                    .unwrap()
                    .get(*root)
                    .unwrap()
                    .clock()
                    .unix_timestamp;
                blockstore.cache_block_time(*root, block_time).unwrap();
            }
        }

        let bank = bank_forks.read().unwrap().working_bank();

        let leader_pubkey = *bank.collector_id();
        let exit = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
        let validator_exit = create_validator_exit(&exit);

        let blockhash = bank.confirmed_last_blockhash().0;
        let tx = system_transaction::transfer(&alice, pubkey, 20, blockhash);
        bank.process_transaction(&tx).expect("process transaction");
        let tx =
            system_transaction::transfer(&alice, &non_circulating_accounts()[0], 20, blockhash);
        bank.process_transaction(&tx).expect("process transaction");

        let tx = system_transaction::transfer(&alice, pubkey, std::u64::MAX, blockhash);
        let _ = bank.process_transaction(&tx);

        let cluster_info = Arc::new(ClusterInfo::default());
        let tpu_address = cluster_info.my_contact_info().tpu;

        cluster_info.insert_info(ContactInfo::new_with_pubkey_socketaddr(
            &leader_pubkey,
            &socketaddr!("127.0.0.1:1234"),
        ));

        let sample1 = PerfSample {
            num_slots: 1,
            num_transactions: 4,
            sample_period_secs: 60,
        };

        blockstore
            .write_perf_sample(0, &sample1)
            .expect("write to blockstore");

        let max_slots = Arc::new(MaxSlots::default());
        max_slots.retransmit.store(42, Ordering::Relaxed);
        max_slots.shred_insert.store(43, Ordering::Relaxed);

        let (meta, receiver) = JsonRpcRequestProcessor::new(
            JsonRpcConfig {
                enable_rpc_transaction_history: true,
                identity_pubkey: *pubkey,
                ..JsonRpcConfig::default()
            },
            None,
            bank_forks.clone(),
            block_commitment_cache.clone(),
            blockstore,
            validator_exit,
            RpcHealth::stub(),
            cluster_info.clone(),
            Hash::default(),
            Arc::new(tokio::runtime::Runtime::new().unwrap()),
            None,
            OptimisticallyConfirmedBank::locked_from_bank_forks_root(&bank_forks),
            Arc::new(RwLock::new(LargestAccountsCache::new(30))),
            max_slots,
        );
        SendTransactionService::new(tpu_address, &bank_forks, None, receiver, 1000, 1);

        cluster_info.insert_info(ContactInfo::new_with_pubkey_socketaddr(
            &leader_pubkey,
            &socketaddr!("127.0.0.1:1234"),
        ));

        let mut io = MetaIoHandler::default();
        io.extend_with(rpc_minimal::MinimalImpl.to_delegate());
        io.extend_with(rpc_full::FullImpl.to_delegate());
        RpcHandler {
            io,
            meta,
            bank,
            bank_forks,
            blockhash,
            alice,
            leader_pubkey,
            leader_vote_keypair,
            block_commitment_cache,
            confirmed_block_signatures,
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_request_processor_new() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let genesis = create_genesis_config(100);
        let bank = Arc::new(Bank::new(&genesis.genesis_config));
        bank.transfer(20, &genesis.mint_keypair, &bob_pubkey)
            .unwrap();
        let request_processor = JsonRpcRequestProcessor::new_from_bank(&bank);
        assert_eq!(request_processor.get_transaction_count(None), 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_get_balance() {
        let genesis = create_genesis_config(20);
        let mint_pubkey = genesis.mint_keypair.pubkey();
        let bank = Arc::new(Bank::new(&genesis.genesis_config));
        let meta = JsonRpcRequestProcessor::new_from_bank(&bank);

        let mut io = MetaIoHandler::default();
        io.extend_with(rpc_minimal::MinimalImpl.to_delegate());

        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getBalance","params":["{}"]}}"#,
            mint_pubkey
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let expected = json!({
            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
            "result": {
                "context":{"slot":0},
                "value":20,
                },
            "id": 1,
        });
        let result = serde_json::from_str::<Value>(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(expected, result);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_get_balance_via_client() {
        let genesis = create_genesis_config(20);
        let mint_pubkey = genesis.mint_keypair.pubkey();
        let bank = Arc::new(Bank::new(&genesis.genesis_config));
        let meta = JsonRpcRequestProcessor::new_from_bank(&bank);

        let mut io = MetaIoHandler::default();
        io.extend_with(rpc_minimal::MinimalImpl.to_delegate());

        async fn use_client(client: rpc_minimal::gen_client::Client, mint_pubkey: Pubkey) -> u64 {
            client
                .get_balance(mint_pubkey.to_string(), None)
                .await
                .unwrap()
                .value
        }

        let fut = async {
            let (client, server) =
                local::connect_with_metadata::<rpc_minimal::gen_client::Client, _, _>(&io, meta);
            let client = use_client(client, mint_pubkey);

            futures::join!(client, server)
        };
        let (response, _) = futures::executor::block_on(fut);
        assert_eq!(response, 20);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_get_cluster_nodes() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let RpcHandler {
            io,
            meta,
            leader_pubkey,
            ..
        } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&bob_pubkey);

        let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getClusterNodes"}"#;

        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let result: Response = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");

        let expected = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":[{{"pubkey": "{}", "gossip": "127.0.0.1:1235", "tpu": "127.0.0.1:1234", "rpc": "127.0.0.1:{}", "version": null, "featureSet": null}}],"id":1}}"#,
            leader_pubkey,
            rpc_port::DEFAULT_RPC_PORT
        );

        let expected: Response =
            serde_json::from_str(&expected).expect("expected response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(expected, result);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_get_recent_performance_samples() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let RpcHandler { io, meta, .. } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&bob_pubkey);

        let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getRecentPerformanceSamples"}"#;

        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let result: Response = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");

        let expected = json!({
            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
            "id": 1,
            "result": [
                {
                    "slot": 0,
                    "numSlots": 1,
                    "numTransactions": 4,
                    "samplePeriodSecs": 60
                }
            ],
        });

        let expected: Response =
            serde_json::from_value(expected).expect("expected response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(expected, result);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_get_recent_performance_samples_invalid_limit() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let RpcHandler { io, meta, .. } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&bob_pubkey);

        let req =
            r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getRecentPerformanceSamples","params":[10000]}"#;

        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let result: Response = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");

        let expected = json!({
            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
            "error": {
                "code": -32602,
                "message": "Invalid limit; max 720"
            },
            "id": 1
        });

        let expected: Response =
            serde_json::from_value(expected).expect("expected response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(expected, result);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_get_slot_leader() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let RpcHandler {
            io,
            meta,
            leader_pubkey,
            ..
        } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&bob_pubkey);

        let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getSlotLeader"}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let expected = format!(r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":"{}","id":1}}"#, leader_pubkey);
        let expected: Response =
            serde_json::from_str(&expected).expect("expected response deserialization");
        let result: Response = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(expected, result);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_get_tx_count() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let genesis = create_genesis_config(10);
        let bank = Arc::new(Bank::new(&genesis.genesis_config));
        // Add 4 transactions
        bank.transfer(1, &genesis.mint_keypair, &bob_pubkey)
            .unwrap();
        bank.transfer(2, &genesis.mint_keypair, &bob_pubkey)
            .unwrap();
        bank.transfer(3, &genesis.mint_keypair, &bob_pubkey)
            .unwrap();
        bank.transfer(4, &genesis.mint_keypair, &bob_pubkey)
            .unwrap();

        let meta = JsonRpcRequestProcessor::new_from_bank(&bank);

        let mut io = MetaIoHandler::default();
        io.extend_with(rpc_minimal::MinimalImpl.to_delegate());

        let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getTransactionCount"}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let expected = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":4,"id":1}"#;
        let expected: Response =
            serde_json::from_str(&expected).expect("expected response deserialization");
        let result: Response = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(expected, result);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_minimum_ledger_slot() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let RpcHandler { io, meta, .. } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&bob_pubkey);

        let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"minimumLedgerSlot"}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let expected = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":0,"id":1}"#;
        let expected: Response =
            serde_json::from_str(&expected).expect("expected response deserialization");
        let result: Response = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(expected, result);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_get_total_supply() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let RpcHandler { io, meta, .. } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&bob_pubkey);

        let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getTotalSupply"}"#;
        let rep = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let res: Response = serde_json::from_str(&rep.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        let supply: u64 = if let Response::Single(res) = res {
            if let Output::Success(res) = res {
                if let Value::Number(num) = res.result {
                    num.as_u64().unwrap()
                } else {
                    panic!("Expected number");
                }
            } else {
                panic!("Expected success");
            }
        } else {
            panic!("Expected single response");
        };
        assert!(supply >= TEST_MINT_LAMPORTS);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_get_supply() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let RpcHandler { io, meta, .. } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&bob_pubkey);
        let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getSupply"}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let json: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.unwrap()).unwrap();
        let supply: RpcSupply = serde_json::from_value(json["result"]["value"].clone())
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(supply.non_circulating, 20);
        assert!(supply.circulating >= TEST_MINT_LAMPORTS);
        assert!(supply.total >= TEST_MINT_LAMPORTS + 20);
        let expected_accounts: Vec<String> = non_circulating_accounts()
            .iter()
            .map(|pubkey| pubkey.to_string())
            .collect();
        assert_eq!(
            supply.non_circulating_accounts.len(),
            expected_accounts.len()
        );
        for address in supply.non_circulating_accounts {
            assert!(expected_accounts.contains(&address));
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_get_largest_accounts() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let RpcHandler {
            io, meta, alice, ..
        } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&bob_pubkey);
        let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getLargestAccounts"}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let json: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.unwrap()).unwrap();
        let largest_accounts: Vec<RpcAccountBalance> =
            serde_json::from_value(json["result"]["value"].clone())
                .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(largest_accounts.len(), 20);

        // Get Alice balance
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getBalance","params":["{}"]}}"#,
            alice.pubkey()
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let json: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.unwrap()).unwrap();
        let alice_balance: u64 = serde_json::from_value(json["result"]["value"].clone())
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert!(largest_accounts.contains(&RpcAccountBalance {
            address: alice.pubkey().to_string(),
            lamports: alice_balance,
        }));

        // Get Bob balance
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getBalance","params":["{}"]}}"#,
            bob_pubkey
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let json: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.unwrap()).unwrap();
        let bob_balance: u64 = serde_json::from_value(json["result"]["value"].clone())
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert!(largest_accounts.contains(&RpcAccountBalance {
            address: bob_pubkey.to_string(),
            lamports: bob_balance,
        }));

        // Test Circulating/NonCirculating Filter
        let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getLargestAccounts","params":[{"filter":"circulating"}]}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let json: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.unwrap()).unwrap();
        let largest_accounts: Vec<RpcAccountBalance> =
            serde_json::from_value(json["result"]["value"].clone())
                .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(largest_accounts.len(), 20);
        let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getLargestAccounts","params":[{"filter":"nonCirculating"}]}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let json: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.unwrap()).unwrap();
        let largest_accounts: Vec<RpcAccountBalance> =
            serde_json::from_value(json["result"]["value"].clone())
                .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(largest_accounts.len(), 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let data_len = 50;
        let RpcHandler { io, meta, bank, .. } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&bob_pubkey);

        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption","params":[{}]}}"#,
            data_len
        );
        let rep = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let res: Response = serde_json::from_str(&rep.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        let minimum_balance: u64 = if let Response::Single(res) = res {
            if let Output::Success(res) = res {
                if let Value::Number(num) = res.result {
                    num.as_u64().unwrap()
                } else {
                    panic!("Expected number");
                }
            } else {
                panic!("Expected success");
            }
        } else {
            panic!("Expected single response");
        };
        assert_eq!(
            minimum_balance,
            bank.get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(data_len)
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_get_inflation() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let RpcHandler { io, meta, bank, .. } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&bob_pubkey);

        let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getInflationGovernor"}"#;
        let rep = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let res: Response = serde_json::from_str(&rep.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        let inflation_governor: RpcInflationGovernor = if let Response::Single(res) = res {
            if let Output::Success(res) = res {
                serde_json::from_value(res.result).unwrap()
            } else {
                panic!("Expected success");
            }
        } else {
            panic!("Expected single response");
        };
        let expected_inflation_governor: RpcInflationGovernor = bank.inflation().into();
        assert_eq!(inflation_governor, expected_inflation_governor);

        let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getInflationRate"}"#; // Queries current epoch
        let rep = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let res: Response = serde_json::from_str(&rep.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        let inflation_rate: RpcInflationRate = if let Response::Single(res) = res {
            if let Output::Success(res) = res {
                serde_json::from_value(res.result).unwrap()
            } else {
                panic!("Expected success");
            }
        } else {
            panic!("Expected single response");
        };
        let inflation = bank.inflation();
        let epoch = bank.epoch();
        let slot_in_year = bank.slot_in_year_for_inflation();
        let expected_inflation_rate = RpcInflationRate {
            total: inflation.total(slot_in_year),
            validator: inflation.validator(slot_in_year),
            foundation: inflation.foundation(slot_in_year),
            epoch,
        };
        assert_eq!(inflation_rate, expected_inflation_rate);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_get_epoch_schedule() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let RpcHandler { io, meta, bank, .. } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&bob_pubkey);

        let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getEpochSchedule"}"#;
        let rep = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let res: Response = serde_json::from_str(&rep.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");

        let epoch_schedule: EpochSchedule = if let Response::Single(res) = res {
            if let Output::Success(res) = res {
                serde_json::from_value(res.result).unwrap()
            } else {
                panic!("Expected success");
            }
        } else {
            panic!("Expected single response");
        };
        assert_eq!(epoch_schedule, *bank.epoch_schedule());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_get_leader_schedule() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let RpcHandler { io, meta, bank, .. } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&bob_pubkey);

        for req in [
            r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getLeaderSchedule", "params": [0]}"#,
            r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getLeaderSchedule"}"#,
        ]
        .iter()
        {
            let rep = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
            let res: Response = serde_json::from_str(&rep.expect("actual response"))
                .expect("actual response deserialization");

            let schedule: Option<RpcLeaderSchedule> = if let Response::Single(res) = res {
                if let Output::Success(res) = res {
                    serde_json::from_value(res.result).unwrap()
                } else {
                    panic!("Expected success for {}", req);
                }
            } else {
                panic!("Expected single response");
            };
            let schedule = schedule.expect("leader schedule");

            let bob_schedule = schedule
                .get(&bank.collector_id().to_string())
                .expect("leader not in the leader schedule");

            assert_eq!(
                bob_schedule.len(),
                solana_ledger::leader_schedule_utils::leader_schedule(bank.epoch(), &bank)
                    .unwrap()
                    .get_slot_leaders()
                    .len()
            );
        }

        let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getLeaderSchedule", "params": [42424242]}"#;
        let rep = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let res: Response = serde_json::from_str(&rep.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");

        let schedule: Option<RpcLeaderSchedule> = if let Response::Single(res) = res {
            if let Output::Success(res) = res {
                serde_json::from_value(res.result).unwrap()
            } else {
                panic!("Expected success");
            }
        } else {
            panic!("Expected single response");
        };
        assert_eq!(schedule, None);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_get_account_info() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let RpcHandler { io, meta, bank, .. } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&bob_pubkey);

        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getAccountInfo","params":["{}"]}}"#,
            bob_pubkey
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let expected = json!({
            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
            "result": {
                "context":{"slot":0},
                "value":{
                    "owner": "11111111111111111111111111111111",
                    "lamports": 20,
                    "data": "",
                    "executable": false,
                    "rentEpoch": 0
                },
            },
            "id": 1,
        });
        let expected: Response =
            serde_json::from_value(expected).expect("expected response deserialization");
        let result: Response = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(expected, result);

        let address = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let data = vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
        let mut account = AccountSharedData::new(42, 5, &Pubkey::default());
        account.data = data.clone();
        bank.store_account(&address, &account);

        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getAccountInfo","params":["{}", {{"encoding":"base64"}}]}}"#,
            address
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(
            result["result"]["value"]["data"],
            json!([base64::encode(&data), "base64"]),
        );

        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getAccountInfo","params":["{}", {{"encoding":"base64", "dataSlice": {{"length": 2, "offset": 1}}}}]}}"#,
            address
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(
            result["result"]["value"]["data"],
            json!([base64::encode(&data[1..3]), "base64"]),
        );

        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getAccountInfo","params":["{}", {{"encoding":"binary", "dataSlice": {{"length": 2, "offset": 1}}}}]}}"#,
            address
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(
            result["result"]["value"]["data"],
            bs58::encode(&data[1..3]).into_string(),
        );

        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getAccountInfo","params":["{}", {{"encoding":"jsonParsed", "dataSlice": {{"length": 2, "offset": 1}}}}]}}"#,
            address
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        result["error"].as_object().unwrap();
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_get_multiple_accounts() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let RpcHandler { io, meta, bank, .. } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&bob_pubkey);

        let address = Pubkey::new(&[9; 32]);
        let data = vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
        let mut account = AccountSharedData::new(42, 5, &Pubkey::default());
        account.data = data.clone();
        bank.store_account(&address, &account);

        let non_existent_address = Pubkey::new(&[8; 32]);

        // Test 3 accounts, one non-existent, and one with data
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getMultipleAccounts","params":[["{}", "{}", "{}"]]}}"#,
            bob_pubkey, non_existent_address, address,
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let expected = json!({
            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
            "result": {
                "context":{"slot":0},
                "value":[{
                    "owner": "11111111111111111111111111111111",
                    "lamports": 20,
                    "data": ["", "base64"],
                    "executable": false,
                    "rentEpoch": 0
                },
                null,
                {
                    "owner": "11111111111111111111111111111111",
                    "lamports": 42,
                    "data": [base64::encode(&data), "base64"],
                    "executable": false,
                    "rentEpoch": 0
                }],
            },
            "id": 1,
        });
        let expected: Response =
            serde_json::from_value(expected).expect("expected response deserialization");
        let result: Response = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(expected, result);

        // Test config settings still work with multiple accounts
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{
                "jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getMultipleAccounts","params":[
                ["{}", "{}", "{}"],
                {{"encoding":"base58"}}
                ]
            }}"#,
            bob_pubkey, non_existent_address, address,
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(result["result"]["value"].as_array().unwrap().len(), 3);
        assert_eq!(
            result["result"]["value"][2]["data"],
            json!([bs58::encode(&data).into_string(), "base58"]),
        );

        let req = format!(
            r#"{{
                "jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getMultipleAccounts","params":[
                ["{}", "{}", "{}"],
                {{"encoding":"base64", "dataSlice": {{"length": 2, "offset": 1}}}}
                ]
            }}"#,
            bob_pubkey, non_existent_address, address,
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(result["result"]["value"].as_array().unwrap().len(), 3);
        assert_eq!(
            result["result"]["value"][2]["data"],
            json!([base64::encode(&data[1..3]), "base64"]),
        );

        let req = format!(
            r#"{{
                "jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getMultipleAccounts","params":[
                ["{}", "{}", "{}"],
                {{"encoding":"binary", "dataSlice": {{"length": 2, "offset": 1}}}}
                ]
            }}"#,
            bob_pubkey, non_existent_address, address,
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(result["result"]["value"].as_array().unwrap().len(), 3);
        assert_eq!(
            result["result"]["value"][2]["data"],
            bs58::encode(&data[1..3]).into_string(),
        );

        let req = format!(
            r#"{{
                "jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getMultipleAccounts","params":[
                ["{}", "{}", "{}"],
                {{"encoding":"jsonParsed", "dataSlice": {{"length": 2, "offset": 1}}}}
                ]
            }}"#,
            bob_pubkey, non_existent_address, address,
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        result["error"].as_object().unwrap();
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_get_program_accounts() {
        let bob = Keypair::new();
        let RpcHandler {
            io,
            meta,
            bank,
            blockhash,
            alice,
            ..
        } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&bob.pubkey());

        let new_program_id = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let tx = system_transaction::assign(&bob, blockhash, &new_program_id);
        bank.process_transaction(&tx).unwrap();
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getProgramAccounts","params":["{}"]}}"#,
            new_program_id
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let expected = format!(
            r#"{{
                "jsonrpc":"2.0",
                "result":[
                    {{
                        "pubkey": "{}",
                        "account": {{
                            "owner": "{}",
                            "lamports": 20,
                            "data": "",
                            "executable": false,
                            "rentEpoch": 0
                        }}
                    }}
                ],
                "id":1}}
            "#,
            bob.pubkey(),
            new_program_id
        );
        let expected: Response =
            serde_json::from_str(&expected).expect("expected response deserialization");
        let result: Response = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(expected, result);

        // Set up nonce accounts to test filters
        let nonce_keypair0 = Keypair::new();
        let instruction = system_instruction::create_nonce_account(
            &alice.pubkey(),
            &nonce_keypair0.pubkey(),
            &bob.pubkey(),
            100_000,
        );
        let message = Message::new(&instruction, Some(&alice.pubkey()));
        let tx = Transaction::new(&[&alice, &nonce_keypair0], message, blockhash);
        bank.process_transaction(&tx).unwrap();

        let nonce_keypair1 = Keypair::new();
        let authority = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let instruction = system_instruction::create_nonce_account(
            &alice.pubkey(),
            &nonce_keypair1.pubkey(),
            &authority,
            100_000,
        );
        let message = Message::new(&instruction, Some(&alice.pubkey()));
        let tx = Transaction::new(&[&alice, &nonce_keypair1], message, blockhash);
        bank.process_transaction(&tx).unwrap();

        // Test memcmp filter; filter on Initialized state
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{
                "jsonrpc":"2.0",
                "id":1,
                "method":"getProgramAccounts",
                "params":["{}",{{"filters": [
                    {{
                        "memcmp": {{"offset": 4,"bytes": "{}"}}
                    }}
                ]}}]
            }}"#,
            system_program::id(),
            bs58::encode(vec![1]).into_string(),
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let json: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.unwrap()).unwrap();
        let accounts: Vec<RpcKeyedAccount> = serde_json::from_value(json["result"].clone())
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(accounts.len(), 2);

        let req = format!(
            r#"{{
                "jsonrpc":"2.0",
                "id":1,
                "method":"getProgramAccounts",
                "params":["{}",{{"filters": [
                    {{
                        "memcmp": {{"offset": 0,"bytes": "{}"}}
                    }}
                ]}}]
            }}"#,
            system_program::id(),
            bs58::encode(vec![1]).into_string(),
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let json: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.unwrap()).unwrap();
        let accounts: Vec<RpcKeyedAccount> = serde_json::from_value(json["result"].clone())
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(accounts.len(), 0);

        // Test dataSize filter
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{
                "jsonrpc":"2.0",
                "id":1,
                "method":"getProgramAccounts",
                "params":["{}",{{"filters": [
                    {{
                        "dataSize": {}
                    }}
                ]}}]
            }}"#,
            system_program::id(),
            nonce::State::size(),
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let json: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.unwrap()).unwrap();
        let accounts: Vec<RpcKeyedAccount> = serde_json::from_value(json["result"].clone())
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(accounts.len(), 2);

        let req = format!(
            r#"{{
                "jsonrpc":"2.0",
                "id":1,
                "method":"getProgramAccounts",
                "params":["{}",{{"filters": [
                    {{
                        "dataSize": 1
                    }}
                ]}}]
            }}"#,
            system_program::id(),
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let json: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.unwrap()).unwrap();
        let accounts: Vec<RpcKeyedAccount> = serde_json::from_value(json["result"].clone())
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(accounts.len(), 0);

        // Test multiple filters
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{
                "jsonrpc":"2.0",
                "id":1,
                "method":"getProgramAccounts",
                "params":["{}",{{"filters": [
                    {{
                        "memcmp": {{"offset": 4,"bytes": "{}"}}
                    }},
                    {{
                        "memcmp": {{"offset": 8,"bytes": "{}"}}
                    }}
                ]}}]
            }}"#,
            system_program::id(),
            bs58::encode(vec![1]).into_string(),
            authority,
        ); // Filter on Initialized and Nonce authority
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let json: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.unwrap()).unwrap();
        let accounts: Vec<RpcKeyedAccount> = serde_json::from_value(json["result"].clone())
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(accounts.len(), 1);

        let req = format!(
            r#"{{
                "jsonrpc":"2.0",
                "id":1,
                "method":"getProgramAccounts",
                "params":["{}",{{"filters": [
                    {{
                        "memcmp": {{"offset": 4,"bytes": "{}"}}
                    }},
                    {{
                        "dataSize": 1
                    }}
                ]}}]
            }}"#,
            system_program::id(),
            bs58::encode(vec![1]).into_string(),
        ); // Filter on Initialized and non-matching data size
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let json: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.unwrap()).unwrap();
        let accounts: Vec<RpcKeyedAccount> = serde_json::from_value(json["result"].clone())
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(accounts.len(), 0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_simulate_transaction() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let RpcHandler {
            io,
            meta,
            blockhash,
            alice,
            bank,
            ..
        } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&bob_pubkey);

        let mut tx = system_transaction::transfer(&alice, &bob_pubkey, 1234, blockhash);
        let tx_serialized_encoded = bs58::encode(serialize(&tx).unwrap()).into_string();
        tx.signatures[0] = Signature::default();
        let tx_badsig_serialized_encoded = bs58::encode(serialize(&tx).unwrap()).into_string();

        bank.freeze(); // Ensure the root bank is frozen, `start_rpc_handler_with_tx()` doesn't do this

        // Good signature with sigVerify=true
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"simulateTransaction","params":["{}", {{"sigVerify": true}}]}}"#,
            tx_serialized_encoded,
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let expected = json!({
            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
            "result": {
                "context":{"slot":0},
                "value":{"err":null, "logs":[
                    "Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [1]",
                    "Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 success"
                ]}
            },
            "id": 1,
        });
        let expected: Response =
            serde_json::from_value(expected).expect("expected response deserialization");
        let result: Response = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(expected, result);

        // Bad signature with sigVerify=true
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"simulateTransaction","params":["{}", {{"sigVerify": true}}]}}"#,
            tx_badsig_serialized_encoded,
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let expected = json!({
            "jsonrpc":"2.0",
            "error": {
                "code": -32003,
                "message": "Transaction signature verification failure"
            },
            "id":1
        });

        let expected: Response =
            serde_json::from_value(expected).expect("expected response deserialization");
        let result: Response = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(expected, result);

        // Bad signature with sigVerify=false
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"simulateTransaction","params":["{}", {{"sigVerify": false}}]}}"#,
            tx_serialized_encoded,
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let expected = json!({
            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
            "result": {
                "context":{"slot":0},
                "value":{"err":null, "logs":[
                    "Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [1]",
                    "Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 success"
                ]}
            },
            "id": 1,
        });
        let expected: Response =
            serde_json::from_value(expected).expect("expected response deserialization");
        let result: Response = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(expected, result);

        // Bad signature with default sigVerify setting (false)
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"simulateTransaction","params":["{}"]}}"#,
            tx_serialized_encoded,
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let expected = json!({
            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
            "result": {
                "context":{"slot":0},
                "value":{"err":null, "logs":[
                    "Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 invoke [1]",
                    "Program 11111111111111111111111111111111 success"
                ]}
            },
            "id": 1,
        });
        let expected: Response =
            serde_json::from_value(expected).expect("expected response deserialization");
        let result: Response = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(expected, result);
    }

    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    fn test_rpc_simulate_transaction_panic_on_unfrozen_bank() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let RpcHandler {
            io,
            meta,
            blockhash,
            alice,
            bank,
            ..
        } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&bob_pubkey);

        let tx = system_transaction::transfer(&alice, &bob_pubkey, 1234, blockhash);
        let tx_serialized_encoded = bs58::encode(serialize(&tx).unwrap()).into_string();

        assert!(!bank.is_frozen());

        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"simulateTransaction","params":["{}", {{"sigVerify": true}}]}}"#,
            tx_serialized_encoded,
        );

        // should panic because `bank` is not frozen
        let _ = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_confirm_tx() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let RpcHandler {
            io,
            meta,
            blockhash,
            alice,
            ..
        } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&bob_pubkey);
        let tx = system_transaction::transfer(&alice, &bob_pubkey, 20, blockhash);

        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"confirmTransaction","params":["{}"]}}"#,
            tx.signatures[0]
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let expected = json!({
            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
            "result": {
                "context":{"slot":0},
                "value":true,
                },
            "id": 1,
        });
        let expected: Response =
            serde_json::from_value(expected).expect("expected response deserialization");
        let result: Response = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(expected, result);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_get_signature_status() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let RpcHandler {
            io,
            meta,
            blockhash,
            alice,
            ..
        } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&bob_pubkey);

        let tx = system_transaction::transfer(&alice, &bob_pubkey, 20, blockhash);
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getSignatureStatus","params":["{}"]}}"#,
            tx.signatures[0]
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let expected_res: Option<transaction::Result<()>> = Some(Ok(()));
        let expected = json!({
            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
            "result": expected_res,
            "id": 1
        });
        let expected: Response =
            serde_json::from_value(expected).expect("expected response deserialization");
        let result: Response = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(expected, result);

        // Test getSignatureStatus request on unprocessed tx
        let tx = system_transaction::transfer(&alice, &bob_pubkey, 10, blockhash);
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getSignatureStatus","params":["{}"]}}"#,
            tx.signatures[0]
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let expected_res: Option<String> = None;
        let expected = json!({
            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
            "result": expected_res,
            "id": 1
        });
        let expected: Response =
            serde_json::from_value(expected).expect("expected response deserialization");
        let result: Response = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(expected, result);

        // Test getSignatureStatus request on a TransactionError
        let tx = system_transaction::transfer(&alice, &bob_pubkey, std::u64::MAX, blockhash);
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getSignatureStatus","params":["{}"]}}"#,
            tx.signatures[0]
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let expected_res: Option<transaction::Result<()>> = Some(Err(
            TransactionError::InstructionError(0, InstructionError::Custom(1)),
        ));
        let expected = json!({
            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
            "result": expected_res,
            "id": 1
        });
        let expected: Response =
            serde_json::from_value(expected).expect("expected response deserialization");
        let result: Response = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(expected, result);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_get_signature_statuses() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let RpcHandler {
            io,
            meta,
            blockhash,
            alice,
            confirmed_block_signatures,
            ..
        } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&bob_pubkey);

        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getSignatureStatuses","params":[["{}"]]}}"#,
            confirmed_block_signatures[0]
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let expected_res: transaction::Result<()> = Ok(());
        let json: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.unwrap()).unwrap();
        let result: Option<TransactionStatus> =
            serde_json::from_value(json["result"]["value"][0].clone())
                .expect("actual response deserialization");
        let result = result.as_ref().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(expected_res, result.status);
        assert_eq!(None, result.confirmations);

        // Test getSignatureStatus request on unprocessed tx
        let tx = system_transaction::transfer(&alice, &bob_pubkey, 10, blockhash);
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getSignatureStatuses","params":[["{}"]]}}"#,
            tx.signatures[0]
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let json: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.unwrap()).unwrap();
        let result: Option<TransactionStatus> =
            serde_json::from_value(json["result"]["value"][0].clone())
                .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert!(result.is_none());

        // Test getSignatureStatus request on a TransactionError
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getSignatureStatuses","params":[["{}"]]}}"#,
            confirmed_block_signatures[1]
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let expected_res: transaction::Result<()> = Err(TransactionError::InstructionError(
            0,
            InstructionError::Custom(1),
        ));
        let json: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.unwrap()).unwrap();
        let result: Option<TransactionStatus> =
            serde_json::from_value(json["result"]["value"][0].clone())
                .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(expected_res, result.as_ref().unwrap().status);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_get_recent_blockhash() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let RpcHandler {
            io,
            meta,
            blockhash,
            ..
        } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&bob_pubkey);

        let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getRecentBlockhash"}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let expected = json!({
            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
            "result": {
            "context":{"slot":0},
            "value":{
                "blockhash": blockhash.to_string(),
                "feeCalculator": {
                    "lamportsPerSignature": 0,
                }
            }},
            "id": 1
        });
        let expected: Response =
            serde_json::from_value(expected).expect("expected response deserialization");
        let result: Response = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(expected, result);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_get_fees() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let RpcHandler {
            io,
            meta,
            blockhash,
            ..
        } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&bob_pubkey);

        let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getFees"}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let expected = json!({
            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
            "result": {
            "context":{"slot":0},
            "value":{
                "blockhash": blockhash.to_string(),
                "feeCalculator": {
                    "lamportsPerSignature": 0,
                },
                "lastValidSlot": MAX_RECENT_BLOCKHASHES,
            }},
            "id": 1
        });
        let expected: Response =
            serde_json::from_value(expected).expect("expected response deserialization");
        let result: Response = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(expected, result);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_get_fee_calculator_for_blockhash() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let RpcHandler { io, meta, bank, .. } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&bob_pubkey);

        let (blockhash, fee_calculator) = bank.last_blockhash_with_fee_calculator();
        let fee_calculator = RpcFeeCalculator { fee_calculator };

        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getFeeCalculatorForBlockhash","params":["{:?}"]}}"#,
            blockhash
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let expected = json!({
            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
            "result": {
                "context":{"slot":0},
                "value":fee_calculator,
            },
            "id": 1
        });
        let expected: Response =
            serde_json::from_value(expected).expect("expected response deserialization");
        let result: Response = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(expected, result);

        // Expired (non-existent) blockhash
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getFeeCalculatorForBlockhash","params":["{:?}"]}}"#,
            Hash::default()
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let expected = json!({
            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
            "result": {
                "context":{"slot":0},
                "value":Value::Null,
            },
            "id": 1
        });
        let expected: Response =
            serde_json::from_value(expected).expect("expected response deserialization");
        let result: Response = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(expected, result);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_get_fee_rate_governor() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let RpcHandler { io, meta, .. } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&bob_pubkey);

        let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getFeeRateGovernor"}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let expected = json!({
            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
            "result": {
            "context":{"slot":0},
            "value":{
                "feeRateGovernor": {
                    "burnPercent": DEFAULT_BURN_PERCENT,
                    "maxLamportsPerSignature": 0,
                    "minLamportsPerSignature": 0,
                    "targetLamportsPerSignature": 0,
                    "targetSignaturesPerSlot": 0
                }
            }},
            "id": 1
        });
        let expected: Response =
            serde_json::from_value(expected).expect("expected response deserialization");
        let result: Response = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(expected, result);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_fail_request_airdrop() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let RpcHandler { io, meta, .. } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&bob_pubkey);

        // Expect internal error because no faucet is available
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"requestAirdrop","params":["{}", 50]}}"#,
            bob_pubkey
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let expected =
            r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","error":{"code":-32600,"message":"Invalid request"},"id":1}"#;
        let expected: Response =
            serde_json::from_str(expected).expect("expected response deserialization");
        let result: Response = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(expected, result);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_send_bad_tx() {
        let genesis = create_genesis_config(100);
        let bank = Arc::new(Bank::new(&genesis.genesis_config));
        let meta = JsonRpcRequestProcessor::new_from_bank(&bank);

        let mut io = MetaIoHandler::default();
        io.extend_with(rpc_full::FullImpl.to_delegate());

        let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"sendTransaction","params":["37u9WtQpcm6ULa3Vmu7ySnANv"]}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(req, meta);
        let json: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.unwrap()).unwrap();
        let error = &json["error"];
        assert_eq!(error["code"], ErrorCode::InvalidParams.code());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_send_transaction_preflight() {
        let exit = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
        let validator_exit = create_validator_exit(&exit);
        let ledger_path = get_tmp_ledger_path!();
        let blockstore = Arc::new(Blockstore::open(&ledger_path).unwrap());
        let block_commitment_cache = Arc::new(RwLock::new(BlockCommitmentCache::default()));
        let (bank_forks, mint_keypair, ..) = new_bank_forks();
        let health = RpcHealth::stub();

        // Freeze bank 0 to prevent a panic in `run_transaction_simulation()`
        bank_forks.write().unwrap().get(0).unwrap().freeze();

        let mut io = MetaIoHandler::default();
        io.extend_with(rpc_full::FullImpl.to_delegate());
        let cluster_info = Arc::new(ClusterInfo::new_with_invalid_keypair(
            ContactInfo::new_with_socketaddr(&socketaddr!("127.0.0.1:1234")),
        ));
        let tpu_address = cluster_info.my_contact_info().tpu;
        let (meta, receiver) = JsonRpcRequestProcessor::new(
            JsonRpcConfig::default(),
            None,
            bank_forks.clone(),
            block_commitment_cache,
            blockstore,
            validator_exit,
            health.clone(),
            cluster_info,
            Hash::default(),
            Arc::new(tokio::runtime::Runtime::new().unwrap()),
            None,
            OptimisticallyConfirmedBank::locked_from_bank_forks_root(&bank_forks),
            Arc::new(RwLock::new(LargestAccountsCache::new(30))),
            Arc::new(MaxSlots::default()),
        );
        SendTransactionService::new(tpu_address, &bank_forks, None, receiver, 1000, 1);

        let mut bad_transaction = system_transaction::transfer(
            &mint_keypair,
            &solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand(),
            42,
            Hash::default(),
        );

        // sendTransaction will fail because the blockhash is invalid
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"sendTransaction","params":["{}"]}}"#,
            bs58::encode(serialize(&bad_transaction).unwrap()).into_string()
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        assert_eq!(
            res,
            Some(
                r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","error":{"code":-32002,"message":"Transaction simulation failed: Blockhash not found","data":{"err":"BlockhashNotFound","logs":[]}},"id":1}"#.to_string(),
            )
        );

        // sendTransaction will fail due to insanity
        bad_transaction.message.instructions[0].program_id_index = 0u8;
        let recent_blockhash = bank_forks.read().unwrap().root_bank().last_blockhash();
        bad_transaction.sign(&[&mint_keypair], recent_blockhash);
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"sendTransaction","params":["{}"]}}"#,
            bs58::encode(serialize(&bad_transaction).unwrap()).into_string()
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        assert_eq!(
            res,
            Some(
                r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","error":{"code":-32602,"message":"invalid transaction: index out of bounds"},"id":1}"#.to_string(),
            )
        );
        let mut bad_transaction = system_transaction::transfer(
            &mint_keypair,
            &solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand(),
            42,
            recent_blockhash,
        );

        // sendTransaction will fail due to poor node health
        health.stub_set_health_status(Some(RpcHealthStatus::Behind { num_slots: 42 }));
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"sendTransaction","params":["{}"]}}"#,
            bs58::encode(serialize(&bad_transaction).unwrap()).into_string()
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        assert_eq!(
            res,
            Some(
                r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","error":{"code":-32005,"message":"Node is behind by 42 slots","data":{"numSlotsBehind":42}},"id":1}"#.to_string(),
            )
        );
        health.stub_set_health_status(None);

        // sendTransaction will fail due to invalid signature
        bad_transaction.signatures[0] = Signature::default();

        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"sendTransaction","params":["{}"]}}"#,
            bs58::encode(serialize(&bad_transaction).unwrap()).into_string()
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        assert_eq!(
            res,
            Some(
                r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","error":{"code":-32003,"message":"Transaction signature verification failure"},"id":1}"#.to_string(),
            )
        );

        // sendTransaction will now succeed because skipPreflight=true even though it's a bad
        // transaction
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"sendTransaction","params":["{}", {{"skipPreflight": true}}]}}"#,
            bs58::encode(serialize(&bad_transaction).unwrap()).into_string()
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        assert_eq!(
            res,
            Some(
                r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":"1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111","id":1}"#.to_string(),
            )
        );

        // sendTransaction will fail due to sanitization failure
        bad_transaction.signatures.clear();
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"sendTransaction","params":["{}"]}}"#,
            bs58::encode(serialize(&bad_transaction).unwrap()).into_string()
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        assert_eq!(
            res,
            Some(
                r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","error":{"code":-32602,"message":"invalid transaction: index out of bounds"},"id":1}"#.to_string(),
            )
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_verify_filter() {
        let filter = RpcFilterType::Memcmp(Memcmp {
            offset: 0,
            bytes: MemcmpEncodedBytes::Binary(
                "13LeFbG6m2EP1fqCj9k66fcXsoTHMMtgr7c78AivUrYD".to_string(),
            ),
            encoding: None,
        });
        assert_eq!(verify_filter(&filter), Ok(()));
        // Invalid base-58
        let filter = RpcFilterType::Memcmp(Memcmp {
            offset: 0,
            bytes: MemcmpEncodedBytes::Binary("III".to_string()),
            encoding: None,
        });
        assert!(verify_filter(&filter).is_err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_verify_pubkey() {
        let pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        assert_eq!(verify_pubkey(pubkey.to_string()).unwrap(), pubkey);
        let bad_pubkey = "a1b2c3d4";
        assert_eq!(
            verify_pubkey(bad_pubkey.to_string()),
            Err(Error::invalid_params("Invalid param: WrongSize"))
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_verify_signature() {
        let tx = system_transaction::transfer(
            &Keypair::new(),
            &solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand(),
            20,
            hash(&[0]),
        );
        assert_eq!(
            verify_signature(&tx.signatures[0].to_string()).unwrap(),
            tx.signatures[0]
        );
        let bad_signature = "a1b2c3d4";
        assert_eq!(
            verify_signature(&bad_signature.to_string()),
            Err(Error::invalid_params("Invalid param: WrongSize"))
        );
    }

    fn new_bank_forks() -> (Arc<RwLock<BankForks>>, Keypair, Arc<Keypair>) {
        let GenesisConfigInfo {
            mut genesis_config,
            mint_keypair,
            voting_keypair,
        } = create_genesis_config(TEST_MINT_LAMPORTS);

        genesis_config.rent.lamports_per_byte_year = 50;
        genesis_config.rent.exemption_threshold = 2.0;
        genesis_config.epoch_schedule =
            EpochSchedule::custom(TEST_SLOTS_PER_EPOCH, TEST_SLOTS_PER_EPOCH, false);

        let bank = Bank::new(&genesis_config);
        (
            Arc::new(RwLock::new(BankForks::new(bank))),
            mint_keypair,
            Arc::new(voting_keypair),
        )
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_get_identity() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let RpcHandler { io, meta, .. } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&bob_pubkey);

        let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getIdentity"}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let expected = json!({
            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
            "result": {
                "identity": bob_pubkey.to_string()
            },
            "id": 1
        });
        let expected: Response =
            serde_json::from_value(expected).expect("expected response deserialization");
        let result: Response = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(expected, result);
    }

    fn test_basic_slot(method: &str, expected: Slot) {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let RpcHandler { io, meta, .. } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&bob_pubkey);

        let req = format!("{{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"id\":1,\"method\":\"{}\"}}", method);
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);

        let json: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.unwrap()).unwrap();
        let slot: Slot = serde_json::from_value(json["result"].clone()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(slot, expected);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_get_max_slots() {
        test_basic_slot("getMaxRetransmitSlot", 42);
        test_basic_slot("getMaxShredInsertSlot", 43);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_get_version() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let RpcHandler { io, meta, .. } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&bob_pubkey);

        let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getVersion"}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let version = solana_version::Version::default();
        let expected = json!({
            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
            "result": {
                "solana-core": version.to_string(),
                "feature-set": version.feature_set,
            },
            "id": 1
        });
        let expected: Response =
            serde_json::from_value(expected).expect("expected response deserialization");
        let result: Response = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(expected, result);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_processor_get_block_commitment() {
        let exit = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
        let validator_exit = create_validator_exit(&exit);
        let bank_forks = new_bank_forks().0;
        let ledger_path = get_tmp_ledger_path!();
        let blockstore = Arc::new(Blockstore::open(&ledger_path).unwrap());

        let commitment_slot0 = BlockCommitment::new([8; MAX_LOCKOUT_HISTORY + 1]);
        let commitment_slot1 = BlockCommitment::new([9; MAX_LOCKOUT_HISTORY + 1]);
        let mut block_commitment: HashMap<u64, BlockCommitment> = HashMap::new();
        block_commitment
            .entry(0)
            .or_insert_with(|| commitment_slot0.clone());
        block_commitment
            .entry(1)
            .or_insert_with(|| commitment_slot1.clone());
        let block_commitment_cache = Arc::new(RwLock::new(BlockCommitmentCache::new(
            block_commitment,
            42,
            CommitmentSlots::new_from_slot(bank_forks.read().unwrap().highest_slot()),
        )));

        let cluster_info = Arc::new(ClusterInfo::default());
        let tpu_address = cluster_info.my_contact_info().tpu;
        let (request_processor, receiver) = JsonRpcRequestProcessor::new(
            JsonRpcConfig::default(),
            None,
            bank_forks.clone(),
            block_commitment_cache,
            blockstore,
            validator_exit,
            RpcHealth::stub(),
            cluster_info,
            Hash::default(),
            Arc::new(tokio::runtime::Runtime::new().unwrap()),
            None,
            OptimisticallyConfirmedBank::locked_from_bank_forks_root(&bank_forks),
            Arc::new(RwLock::new(LargestAccountsCache::new(30))),
            Arc::new(MaxSlots::default()),
        );
        SendTransactionService::new(tpu_address, &bank_forks, None, receiver, 1000, 1);
        assert_eq!(
            request_processor.get_block_commitment(0),
            RpcBlockCommitment {
                commitment: Some(commitment_slot0.commitment),
                total_stake: 42,
            }
        );
        assert_eq!(
            request_processor.get_block_commitment(1),
            RpcBlockCommitment {
                commitment: Some(commitment_slot1.commitment),
                total_stake: 42,
            }
        );
        assert_eq!(
            request_processor.get_block_commitment(2),
            RpcBlockCommitment {
                commitment: None,
                total_stake: 42,
            }
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_get_block_commitment() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let RpcHandler {
            io,
            meta,
            block_commitment_cache,
            ..
        } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&bob_pubkey);

        let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getBlockCommitment","params":[0]}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Response = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        let RpcBlockCommitment {
            commitment,
            total_stake,
        } = if let Response::Single(res) = result {
            if let Output::Success(res) = res {
                serde_json::from_value(res.result).unwrap()
            } else {
                panic!("Expected success");
            }
        } else {
            panic!("Expected single response");
        };
        assert_eq!(
            commitment,
            block_commitment_cache
                .read()
                .unwrap()
                .get_block_commitment(0)
                .map(|block_commitment| block_commitment.commitment)
        );
        assert_eq!(total_stake, 10);

        let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getBlockCommitment","params":[2]}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let result: Response = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        let commitment_response: RpcBlockCommitment<BlockCommitmentArray> =
            if let Response::Single(res) = result {
                if let Output::Success(res) = res {
                    serde_json::from_value(res.result).unwrap()
                } else {
                    panic!("Expected success");
                }
            } else {
                panic!("Expected single response");
            };
        assert_eq!(commitment_response.commitment, None);
        assert_eq!(commitment_response.total_stake, 10);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_get_confirmed_block() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let RpcHandler {
            io,
            meta,
            confirmed_block_signatures,
            blockhash,
            ..
        } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&bob_pubkey);

        let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getConfirmedBlock","params":[0]}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        let confirmed_block: Option<EncodedConfirmedBlock> =
            serde_json::from_value(result["result"].clone()).unwrap();
        let confirmed_block = confirmed_block.unwrap();
        assert_eq!(confirmed_block.transactions.len(), 3);

        for EncodedTransactionWithStatusMeta { transaction, meta } in
            confirmed_block.transactions.into_iter()
        {
            if let EncodedTransaction::Json(transaction) = transaction {
                if transaction.signatures[0] == confirmed_block_signatures[0].to_string() {
                    let meta = meta.unwrap();
                    let transaction_recent_blockhash = match transaction.message {
                        UiMessage::Parsed(message) => message.recent_blockhash,
                        UiMessage::Raw(message) => message.recent_blockhash,
                    };
                    assert_eq!(transaction_recent_blockhash, blockhash.to_string());
                    assert_eq!(meta.status, Ok(()));
                    assert_eq!(meta.err, None);
                } else if transaction.signatures[0] == confirmed_block_signatures[1].to_string() {
                    let meta = meta.unwrap();
                    assert_eq!(
                        meta.err,
                        Some(TransactionError::InstructionError(
                            0,
                            InstructionError::Custom(1)
                        ))
                    );
                    assert_eq!(
                        meta.status,
                        Err(TransactionError::InstructionError(
                            0,
                            InstructionError::Custom(1)
                        ))
                    );
                } else {
                    assert_eq!(meta, None);
                }
            }
        }

        let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getConfirmedBlock","params":[0,"binary"]}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        let confirmed_block: Option<EncodedConfirmedBlock> =
            serde_json::from_value(result["result"].clone()).unwrap();
        let confirmed_block = confirmed_block.unwrap();
        assert_eq!(confirmed_block.transactions.len(), 3);

        for EncodedTransactionWithStatusMeta { transaction, meta } in
            confirmed_block.transactions.into_iter()
        {
            if let EncodedTransaction::LegacyBinary(transaction) = transaction {
                let decoded_transaction: Transaction =
                    deserialize(&bs58::decode(&transaction).into_vec().unwrap()).unwrap();
                if decoded_transaction.signatures[0] == confirmed_block_signatures[0] {
                    let meta = meta.unwrap();
                    assert_eq!(decoded_transaction.message.recent_blockhash, blockhash);
                    assert_eq!(meta.status, Ok(()));
                    assert_eq!(meta.err, None);
                } else if decoded_transaction.signatures[0] == confirmed_block_signatures[1] {
                    let meta = meta.unwrap();
                    assert_eq!(
                        meta.err,
                        Some(TransactionError::InstructionError(
                            0,
                            InstructionError::Custom(1)
                        ))
                    );
                    assert_eq!(
                        meta.status,
                        Err(TransactionError::InstructionError(
                            0,
                            InstructionError::Custom(1)
                        ))
                    );
                } else {
                    assert_eq!(meta, None);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_get_confirmed_blocks() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let roots = vec![0, 1, 3, 4, 8];
        let RpcHandler {
            io,
            meta,
            block_commitment_cache,
            ..
        } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx_and_blockstore(&bob_pubkey, roots.clone());
        block_commitment_cache
            .write()
            .unwrap()
            .set_highest_confirmed_root(8);

        let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getConfirmedBlocks","params":[0]}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        let confirmed_blocks: Vec<Slot> = serde_json::from_value(result["result"].clone()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(confirmed_blocks, roots[1..].to_vec());

        let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getConfirmedBlocks","params":[2]}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        let confirmed_blocks: Vec<Slot> = serde_json::from_value(result["result"].clone()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(confirmed_blocks, vec![3, 4, 8]);

        let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getConfirmedBlocks","params":[0,4]}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        let confirmed_blocks: Vec<Slot> = serde_json::from_value(result["result"].clone()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(confirmed_blocks, vec![1, 3, 4]);

        let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getConfirmedBlocks","params":[0,7]}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        let confirmed_blocks: Vec<Slot> = serde_json::from_value(result["result"].clone()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(confirmed_blocks, vec![1, 3, 4]);

        let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getConfirmedBlocks","params":[9,11]}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        let confirmed_blocks: Vec<Slot> = serde_json::from_value(result["result"].clone()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(confirmed_blocks, Vec::<Slot>::new());

        block_commitment_cache
            .write()
            .unwrap()
            .set_highest_confirmed_root(std::u64::MAX);
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getConfirmedBlocks","params":[0,{}]}}"#,
            MAX_GET_CONFIRMED_BLOCKS_RANGE
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        let confirmed_blocks: Vec<Slot> = serde_json::from_value(result["result"].clone()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(confirmed_blocks, vec![1, 3, 4, 8]);

        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getConfirmedBlocks","params":[0,{}]}}"#,
            MAX_GET_CONFIRMED_BLOCKS_RANGE + 1
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        assert_eq!(
            res,
            Some(
                r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","error":{"code":-32602,"message":"Slot range too large; max 500000"},"id":1}"#.to_string(),
            )
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_get_confirmed_blocks_with_limit() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let roots = vec![0, 1, 3, 4, 8];
        let RpcHandler {
            io,
            meta,
            block_commitment_cache,
            ..
        } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx_and_blockstore(&bob_pubkey, roots);
        block_commitment_cache
            .write()
            .unwrap()
            .set_highest_confirmed_root(8);

        let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getConfirmedBlocksWithLimit","params":[0,500001]}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        assert_eq!(
            res,
            Some(
                r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","error":{"code":-32602,"message":"Limit too large; max 500000"},"id":1}"#.to_string(),
            )
        );

        let req =
            r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getConfirmedBlocksWithLimit","params":[0,0]}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        let confirmed_blocks: Vec<Slot> = serde_json::from_value(result["result"].clone()).unwrap();
        assert!(confirmed_blocks.is_empty());

        let req =
            r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getConfirmedBlocksWithLimit","params":[2,2]}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        let confirmed_blocks: Vec<Slot> = serde_json::from_value(result["result"].clone()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(confirmed_blocks, vec![3, 4]);

        let req =
            r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getConfirmedBlocksWithLimit","params":[2,3]}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        let confirmed_blocks: Vec<Slot> = serde_json::from_value(result["result"].clone()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(confirmed_blocks, vec![3, 4, 8]);

        let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getConfirmedBlocksWithLimit","params":[2,500000]}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        let confirmed_blocks: Vec<Slot> = serde_json::from_value(result["result"].clone()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(confirmed_blocks, vec![3, 4, 8]);

        let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getConfirmedBlocksWithLimit","params":[9,500000]}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        let confirmed_blocks: Vec<Slot> = serde_json::from_value(result["result"].clone()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(confirmed_blocks, Vec::<Slot>::new());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_get_block_time() {
        let bob_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        let RpcHandler {
            io,
            meta,
            bank,
            block_commitment_cache,
            bank_forks,
            ..
        } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx_and_blockstore(&bob_pubkey, vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]);
        let base_timestamp = bank_forks
            .read()
            .unwrap()
            .get(0)
            .unwrap()
            .unix_timestamp_from_genesis();
        block_commitment_cache
            .write()
            .unwrap()
            .set_highest_confirmed_root(7);

        let slot_duration = slot_duration_from_slots_per_year(bank.slots_per_year());

        let slot = 2;
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getBlockTime","params":[{}]}}"#,
            slot
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let expected = format!(r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{},"id":1}}"#, base_timestamp);
        let expected: Response =
            serde_json::from_str(&expected).expect("expected response deserialization");
        let result: Response = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(expected, result);

        let slot = 7;
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getBlockTime","params":[{}]}}"#,
            slot
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let expected = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{},"id":1}}"#,
            base_timestamp + (7 * slot_duration).as_secs() as i64
        );
        let expected: Response =
            serde_json::from_str(&expected).expect("expected response deserialization");
        let result: Response = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(expected, result);

        let slot = 12345;
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getBlockTime","params":[{}]}}"#,
            slot
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let expected = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","error":{"code":-32004,"message":"Block not available for slot 12345"},"id":1}"#;
        let expected: Response =
            serde_json::from_str(&expected).expect("expected response deserialization");
        let result: Response = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(expected, result);
    }

    fn advance_block_commitment_cache(
        block_commitment_cache: &Arc<RwLock<BlockCommitmentCache>>,
        bank_forks: &Arc<RwLock<BankForks>>,
    ) {
        let mut new_block_commitment = BlockCommitmentCache::new(
            HashMap::new(),
            0,
            CommitmentSlots::new_from_slot(bank_forks.read().unwrap().highest_slot()),
        );
        let mut w_block_commitment_cache = block_commitment_cache.write().unwrap();
        std::mem::swap(&mut *w_block_commitment_cache, &mut new_block_commitment);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_get_vote_accounts() {
        let RpcHandler {
            io,
            meta,
            mut bank,
            bank_forks,
            alice,
            leader_vote_keypair,
            block_commitment_cache,
            ..
        } = start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand());

        assert_eq!(bank.vote_accounts().len(), 1);

        // Create a vote account with no stake.
        let alice_vote_keypair = Keypair::new();
        let instructions = vote_instruction::create_account(
            &alice.pubkey(),
            &alice_vote_keypair.pubkey(),
            &VoteInit {
                node_pubkey: alice.pubkey(),
                authorized_voter: alice_vote_keypair.pubkey(),
                authorized_withdrawer: alice_vote_keypair.pubkey(),
                commission: 0,
            },
            bank.get_minimum_balance_for_rent_exemption(VoteState::size_of()),
        );

        let message = Message::new(&instructions, Some(&alice.pubkey()));
        let transaction = Transaction::new(
            &[&alice, &alice_vote_keypair],
            message,
            bank.last_blockhash(),
        );
        bank.process_transaction(&transaction)
            .expect("process transaction");
        assert_eq!(bank.vote_accounts().len(), 2);

        // Check getVoteAccounts: the bootstrap validator vote account will be delinquent as it has
        // stake but has never voted, and the vote account with no stake should not be present.
        {
            let req = r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getVoteAccounts"}"#;
            let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
            let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
                .expect("actual response deserialization");

            let vote_account_status: RpcVoteAccountStatus =
                serde_json::from_value(result["result"].clone()).unwrap();

            assert!(vote_account_status.current.is_empty());
            assert_eq!(vote_account_status.delinquent.len(), 1);
            for vote_account_info in vote_account_status.delinquent {
                assert_ne!(vote_account_info.activated_stake, 0);
            }
        }

        // Advance bank to the next epoch
        for _ in 0..TEST_SLOTS_PER_EPOCH {
            bank.freeze();

            // Votes
            let instructions = [
                vote_instruction::vote(
                    &leader_vote_keypair.pubkey(),
                    &leader_vote_keypair.pubkey(),
                    Vote {
                        slots: vec![bank.slot()],
                        hash: bank.hash(),
                        timestamp: None,
                    },
                ),
                vote_instruction::vote(
                    &alice_vote_keypair.pubkey(),
                    &alice_vote_keypair.pubkey(),
                    Vote {
                        slots: vec![bank.slot()],
                        hash: bank.hash(),
                        timestamp: None,
                    },
                ),
            ];

            bank = bank_forks.write().unwrap().insert(Bank::new_from_parent(
                &bank,
                &Pubkey::default(),
                bank.slot() + 1,
            ));
            advance_block_commitment_cache(&block_commitment_cache, &bank_forks);

            let transaction = Transaction::new_signed_with_payer(
                &instructions,
                Some(&alice.pubkey()),
                &[&alice, &leader_vote_keypair, &alice_vote_keypair],
                bank.last_blockhash(),
            );

            bank.process_transaction(&transaction)
                .expect("process transaction");
        }

        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getVoteAccounts","params":{}}}"#,
            json!([CommitmentConfig::processed()])
        );

        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");

        let vote_account_status: RpcVoteAccountStatus =
            serde_json::from_value(result["result"].clone()).unwrap();

        // The vote account with no stake should not be present.
        assert!(vote_account_status.delinquent.is_empty());

        // Both accounts should be active and have voting history.
        assert_eq!(vote_account_status.current.len(), 2);
        //let leader_info = &vote_account_status.current[0];
        let leader_info = vote_account_status
            .current
            .iter()
            .find(|x| x.vote_pubkey == leader_vote_keypair.pubkey().to_string())
            .unwrap();
        assert_ne!(leader_info.activated_stake, 0);
        // Subtract one because the last vote always carries over to the next epoch
        let expected_credits = TEST_SLOTS_PER_EPOCH - MAX_LOCKOUT_HISTORY as u64 - 1;
        assert_eq!(
            leader_info.epoch_credits,
            vec![
                (0, expected_credits, 0),
                (1, expected_credits + 1, expected_credits) // one vote in current epoch
            ]
        );

        // Advance bank with no voting
        bank.freeze();
        bank_forks.write().unwrap().insert(Bank::new_from_parent(
            &bank,
            &Pubkey::default(),
            bank.slot() + TEST_SLOTS_PER_EPOCH,
        ));
        advance_block_commitment_cache(&block_commitment_cache, &bank_forks);

        // The leader vote account should now be delinquent, and the other vote account disappears
        // because it's inactive with no stake
        {
            let req = format!(
                r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getVoteAccounts","params":{}}}"#,
                json!([CommitmentConfig::processed()])
            );

            let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
            let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
                .expect("actual response deserialization");

            let vote_account_status: RpcVoteAccountStatus =
                serde_json::from_value(result["result"].clone()).unwrap();

            assert!(vote_account_status.current.is_empty());
            assert_eq!(vote_account_status.delinquent.len(), 1);
            for vote_account_info in vote_account_status.delinquent {
                assert_eq!(
                    vote_account_info.vote_pubkey,
                    leader_vote_keypair.pubkey().to_string()
                );
            }
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_is_confirmed_rooted() {
        let bank = Arc::new(Bank::default());
        let ledger_path = get_tmp_ledger_path!();
        let blockstore = Arc::new(Blockstore::open(&ledger_path).unwrap());
        blockstore.set_roots(&[0, 1]).unwrap();
        // Build BlockCommitmentCache with rooted slots
        let mut cache0 = BlockCommitment::default();
        cache0.increase_rooted_stake(50);
        let mut cache1 = BlockCommitment::default();
        cache1.increase_rooted_stake(40);
        let mut cache2 = BlockCommitment::default();
        cache2.increase_rooted_stake(20);

        let mut block_commitment = HashMap::new();
        block_commitment.entry(1).or_insert(cache0);
        block_commitment.entry(2).or_insert(cache1);
        block_commitment.entry(3).or_insert(cache2);
        let highest_confirmed_root = 1;
        let block_commitment_cache = BlockCommitmentCache::new(
            block_commitment,
            50,
            CommitmentSlots {
                slot: bank.slot(),
                highest_confirmed_root,
                ..CommitmentSlots::default()
            },
        );

        assert!(is_confirmed_rooted(
            &block_commitment_cache,
            &bank,
            &blockstore,
            0
        ));
        assert!(is_confirmed_rooted(
            &block_commitment_cache,
            &bank,
            &blockstore,
            1
        ));
        assert!(!is_confirmed_rooted(
            &block_commitment_cache,
            &bank,
            &blockstore,
            2
        ));
        assert!(!is_confirmed_rooted(
            &block_commitment_cache,
            &bank,
            &blockstore,
            3
        ));
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_token_rpcs() {
        let RpcHandler { io, meta, bank, .. } =
            start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand());

        let mut account_data = vec![0; TokenAccount::get_packed_len()];
        let mint = SplTokenPubkey::new(&[2; 32]);
        let owner = SplTokenPubkey::new(&[3; 32]);
        let delegate = SplTokenPubkey::new(&[4; 32]);
        let token_account = TokenAccount {
            mint,
            owner,
            delegate: COption::Some(delegate),
            amount: 420,
            state: TokenAccountState::Initialized,
            is_native: COption::None,
            delegated_amount: 30,
            close_authority: COption::Some(owner),
        };
        TokenAccount::pack(token_account, &mut account_data).unwrap();
        let token_account = AccountSharedData {
            lamports: 111,
            data: account_data.to_vec(),
            owner: spl_token_id_v2_0(),
            ..AccountSharedData::default()
        };
        let token_account_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        bank.store_account(&token_account_pubkey, &token_account);

        // Add the mint
        let mut mint_data = vec![0; Mint::get_packed_len()];
        let mint_state = Mint {
            mint_authority: COption::Some(owner),
            supply: 500,
            decimals: 2,
            is_initialized: true,
            freeze_authority: COption::Some(owner),
        };
        Mint::pack(mint_state, &mut mint_data).unwrap();
        let mint_account = AccountSharedData {
            lamports: 111,
            data: mint_data.to_vec(),
            owner: spl_token_id_v2_0(),
            ..AccountSharedData::default()
        };
        bank.store_account(&Pubkey::from_str(&mint.to_string()).unwrap(), &mint_account);

        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getTokenAccountBalance","params":["{}"]}}"#,
            token_account_pubkey,
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        let balance: UiTokenAmount =
            serde_json::from_value(result["result"]["value"].clone()).unwrap();
        let error = f64::EPSILON;
        assert!((balance.ui_amount.unwrap() - 4.2).abs() < error);
        assert_eq!(balance.amount, 420.to_string());
        assert_eq!(balance.decimals, 2);
        assert_eq!(balance.ui_amount_string, "4.2".to_string());

        // Test non-existent token account
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getTokenAccountBalance","params":["{}"]}}"#,
            solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand(),
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert!(result.get("error").is_some());

        // Test get token supply, pulls supply from mint
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getTokenSupply","params":["{}"]}}"#,
            mint,
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        let supply: UiTokenAmount =
            serde_json::from_value(result["result"]["value"].clone()).unwrap();
        let error = f64::EPSILON;
        assert!((supply.ui_amount.unwrap() - 5.0).abs() < error);
        assert_eq!(supply.amount, 500.to_string());
        assert_eq!(supply.decimals, 2);
        assert_eq!(supply.ui_amount_string, "5".to_string());

        // Test non-existent mint address
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getTokenSupply","params":["{}"]}}"#,
            solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand(),
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert!(result.get("error").is_some());

        // Add another token account with the same owner, delegate, and mint
        let other_token_account_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        bank.store_account(&other_token_account_pubkey, &token_account);

        // Add another token account with the same owner and delegate but different mint
        let mut account_data = vec![0; TokenAccount::get_packed_len()];
        let new_mint = SplTokenPubkey::new(&[5; 32]);
        let token_account = TokenAccount {
            mint: new_mint,
            owner,
            delegate: COption::Some(delegate),
            amount: 42,
            state: TokenAccountState::Initialized,
            is_native: COption::None,
            delegated_amount: 30,
            close_authority: COption::Some(owner),
        };
        TokenAccount::pack(token_account, &mut account_data).unwrap();
        let token_account = AccountSharedData {
            lamports: 111,
            data: account_data.to_vec(),
            owner: spl_token_id_v2_0(),
            ..AccountSharedData::default()
        };
        let token_with_different_mint_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        bank.store_account(&token_with_different_mint_pubkey, &token_account);

        // Test getTokenAccountsByOwner with Token program id returns all accounts, regardless of Mint address
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{
                "jsonrpc":"2.0",
                "id":1,
                "method":"getTokenAccountsByOwner",
                "params":["{}", {{"programId": "{}"}}]
            }}"#,
            owner,
            spl_token_id_v2_0(),
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        let accounts: Vec<RpcKeyedAccount> =
            serde_json::from_value(result["result"]["value"].clone()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(accounts.len(), 3);

        // Test getTokenAccountsByOwner with jsonParsed encoding doesn't return accounts with invalid mints
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{
                "jsonrpc":"2.0",
                "id":1,
                "method":"getTokenAccountsByOwner",
                "params":["{}", {{"programId": "{}"}}, {{"encoding": "jsonParsed"}}]
            }}"#,
            owner,
            spl_token_id_v2_0(),
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        let accounts: Vec<RpcKeyedAccount> =
            serde_json::from_value(result["result"]["value"].clone()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(accounts.len(), 2);

        // Test getProgramAccounts with jsonParsed encoding returns mints, but doesn't return accounts with invalid mints
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{
                "jsonrpc":"2.0",
                "id":1,
                "method":"getProgramAccounts",
                "params":["{}", {{"encoding": "jsonParsed"}}]
            }}"#,
            spl_token_id_v2_0(),
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        let accounts: Vec<RpcKeyedAccount> =
            serde_json::from_value(result["result"].clone()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(accounts.len(), 4);

        // Test returns only mint accounts
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{
                "jsonrpc":"2.0",
                "id":1,"method":"getTokenAccountsByOwner",
                "params":["{}", {{"mint": "{}"}}]
            }}"#,
            owner, mint,
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        let accounts: Vec<RpcKeyedAccount> =
            serde_json::from_value(result["result"]["value"].clone()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(accounts.len(), 2);

        // Test non-existent Mint/program id
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{
                "jsonrpc":"2.0",
                "id":1,
                "method":"getTokenAccountsByOwner",
                "params":["{}", {{"programId": "{}"}}]
            }}"#,
            owner,
            solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand(),
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert!(result.get("error").is_some());
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{
                "jsonrpc":"2.0",
                "id":1,
                "method":"getTokenAccountsByOwner",
                "params":["{}", {{"mint": "{}"}}]
            }}"#,
            owner,
            solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand(),
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert!(result.get("error").is_some());

        // Test non-existent Owner
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{
                "jsonrpc":"2.0",
                "id":1,
                "method":"getTokenAccountsByOwner",
                "params":["{}", {{"programId": "{}"}}]
            }}"#,
            solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand(),
            spl_token_id_v2_0(),
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        let accounts: Vec<RpcKeyedAccount> =
            serde_json::from_value(result["result"]["value"].clone()).unwrap();
        assert!(accounts.is_empty());

        // Test getTokenAccountsByDelegate with Token program id returns all accounts, regardless of Mint address
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{
                "jsonrpc":"2.0",
                "id":1,
                "method":"getTokenAccountsByDelegate",
                "params":["{}", {{"programId": "{}"}}]
            }}"#,
            delegate,
            spl_token_id_v2_0(),
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        let accounts: Vec<RpcKeyedAccount> =
            serde_json::from_value(result["result"]["value"].clone()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(accounts.len(), 3);

        // Test returns only mint accounts
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{
                "jsonrpc":"2.0",
                "id":1,"method":
                "getTokenAccountsByDelegate",
                "params":["{}", {{"mint": "{}"}}]
            }}"#,
            delegate, mint,
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        let accounts: Vec<RpcKeyedAccount> =
            serde_json::from_value(result["result"]["value"].clone()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(accounts.len(), 2);

        // Test non-existent Mint/program id
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{
                "jsonrpc":"2.0",
                "id":1,
                "method":"getTokenAccountsByDelegate",
                "params":["{}", {{"programId": "{}"}}]
            }}"#,
            delegate,
            solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand(),
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert!(result.get("error").is_some());
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{
                "jsonrpc":"2.0",
                "id":1,
                "method":"getTokenAccountsByDelegate",
                "params":["{}", {{"mint": "{}"}}]
            }}"#,
            delegate,
            solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand(),
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert!(result.get("error").is_some());

        // Test non-existent Delegate
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{
                "jsonrpc":"2.0",
                "id":1,
                "method":"getTokenAccountsByDelegate",
                "params":["{}", {{"programId": "{}"}}]
            }}"#,
            solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand(),
            spl_token_id_v2_0(),
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        let accounts: Vec<RpcKeyedAccount> =
            serde_json::from_value(result["result"]["value"].clone()).unwrap();
        assert!(accounts.is_empty());

        // Add new_mint, and another token account on new_mint with different balance
        let mut mint_data = vec![0; Mint::get_packed_len()];
        let mint_state = Mint {
            mint_authority: COption::Some(owner),
            supply: 500,
            decimals: 2,
            is_initialized: true,
            freeze_authority: COption::Some(owner),
        };
        Mint::pack(mint_state, &mut mint_data).unwrap();
        let mint_account = AccountSharedData {
            lamports: 111,
            data: mint_data.to_vec(),
            owner: spl_token_id_v2_0(),
            ..AccountSharedData::default()
        };
        bank.store_account(
            &Pubkey::from_str(&new_mint.to_string()).unwrap(),
            &mint_account,
        );
        let mut account_data = vec![0; TokenAccount::get_packed_len()];
        let token_account = TokenAccount {
            mint: new_mint,
            owner,
            delegate: COption::Some(delegate),
            amount: 10,
            state: TokenAccountState::Initialized,
            is_native: COption::None,
            delegated_amount: 30,
            close_authority: COption::Some(owner),
        };
        TokenAccount::pack(token_account, &mut account_data).unwrap();
        let token_account = AccountSharedData {
            lamports: 111,
            data: account_data.to_vec(),
            owner: spl_token_id_v2_0(),
            ..AccountSharedData::default()
        };
        let token_with_smaller_balance = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        bank.store_account(&token_with_smaller_balance, &token_account);

        // Test largest token accounts
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getTokenLargestAccounts","params":["{}"]}}"#,
            new_mint,
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        let largest_accounts: Vec<RpcTokenAccountBalance> =
            serde_json::from_value(result["result"]["value"].clone()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(
            largest_accounts,
            vec![
                RpcTokenAccountBalance {
                    address: token_with_different_mint_pubkey.to_string(),
                    amount: UiTokenAmount {
                        ui_amount: Some(0.42),
                        decimals: 2,
                        amount: "42".to_string(),
                        ui_amount_string: "0.42".to_string(),
                    }
                },
                RpcTokenAccountBalance {
                    address: token_with_smaller_balance.to_string(),
                    amount: UiTokenAmount {
                        ui_amount: Some(0.1),
                        decimals: 2,
                        amount: "10".to_string(),
                        ui_amount_string: "0.1".to_string(),
                    }
                }
            ]
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_token_parsing() {
        let RpcHandler { io, meta, bank, .. } =
            start_rpc_handler_with_tx(&solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand());

        let mut account_data = vec![0; TokenAccount::get_packed_len()];
        let mint = SplTokenPubkey::new(&[2; 32]);
        let owner = SplTokenPubkey::new(&[3; 32]);
        let delegate = SplTokenPubkey::new(&[4; 32]);
        let token_account = TokenAccount {
            mint,
            owner,
            delegate: COption::Some(delegate),
            amount: 420,
            state: TokenAccountState::Initialized,
            is_native: COption::Some(10),
            delegated_amount: 30,
            close_authority: COption::Some(owner),
        };
        TokenAccount::pack(token_account, &mut account_data).unwrap();
        let token_account = AccountSharedData {
            lamports: 111,
            data: account_data.to_vec(),
            owner: spl_token_id_v2_0(),
            ..AccountSharedData::default()
        };
        let token_account_pubkey = solana_sdk::pubkey::new_rand();
        bank.store_account(&token_account_pubkey, &token_account);

        // Add the mint
        let mut mint_data = vec![0; Mint::get_packed_len()];
        let mint_state = Mint {
            mint_authority: COption::Some(owner),
            supply: 500,
            decimals: 2,
            is_initialized: true,
            freeze_authority: COption::Some(owner),
        };
        Mint::pack(mint_state, &mut mint_data).unwrap();
        let mint_account = AccountSharedData {
            lamports: 111,
            data: mint_data.to_vec(),
            owner: spl_token_id_v2_0(),
            ..AccountSharedData::default()
        };
        bank.store_account(&Pubkey::from_str(&mint.to_string()).unwrap(), &mint_account);

        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getAccountInfo","params":["{}", {{"encoding": "jsonParsed"}}]}}"#,
            token_account_pubkey,
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(
            result["result"]["value"]["data"],
            json!({
                "program": "spl-token",
                "space": TokenAccount::get_packed_len(),
                "parsed": {
                    "type": "account",
                    "info": {
                        "mint": mint.to_string(),
                        "owner": owner.to_string(),
                        "tokenAmount": {
                            "uiAmount": 4.2,
                            "decimals": 2,
                            "amount": "420",
                            "uiAmountString": "4.2",
                        },
                        "delegate": delegate.to_string(),
                        "state": "initialized",
                        "isNative": true,
                        "rentExemptReserve": {
                            "uiAmount": 0.1,
                            "decimals": 2,
                            "amount": "10",
                            "uiAmountString": "0.1",
                        },
                        "delegatedAmount": {
                            "uiAmount": 0.3,
                            "decimals": 2,
                            "amount": "30",
                            "uiAmountString": "0.3",
                        },
                        "closeAuthority": owner.to_string(),
                    }
                }
            })
        );

        // Test Mint
        let req = format!(
            r#"{{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getAccountInfo","params":["{}", {{"encoding": "jsonParsed"}}]}}"#,
            mint,
        );
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let result: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.expect("actual response"))
            .expect("actual response deserialization");
        assert_eq!(
            result["result"]["value"]["data"],
            json!({
                "program": "spl-token",
                "space": Mint::get_packed_len(),
                "parsed": {
                    "type": "mint",
                    "info": {
                        "mintAuthority": owner.to_string(),
                        "decimals": 2,
                        "supply": "500".to_string(),
                        "isInitialized": true,
                        "freezeAuthority": owner.to_string(),
                    }
                }
            })
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_get_spl_token_owner_filter() {
        let owner = Pubkey::new_unique();
        assert_eq!(
            get_spl_token_owner_filter(
                &Pubkey::from_str("TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA").unwrap(),
                &[
                    RpcFilterType::Memcmp(Memcmp {
                        offset: 32,
                        bytes: MemcmpEncodedBytes::Binary(owner.to_string()),
                        encoding: None
                    }),
                    RpcFilterType::DataSize(165)
                ],
            )
            .unwrap(),
            owner
        );

        // Filtering on mint instead of owner
        assert!(get_spl_token_owner_filter(
            &Pubkey::from_str("TokenkegQfeZyiNwAJbNbGKPFXCWuBvf9Ss623VQ5DA").unwrap(),
            &[
                RpcFilterType::Memcmp(Memcmp {
                    offset: 0,
                    bytes: MemcmpEncodedBytes::Binary(owner.to_string()),
                    encoding: None
                }),
                RpcFilterType::DataSize(165)
            ],
        )
        .is_none());

        // Wrong program id
        assert!(get_spl_token_owner_filter(
            &Pubkey::new_unique(),
            &[
                RpcFilterType::Memcmp(Memcmp {
                    offset: 32,
                    bytes: MemcmpEncodedBytes::Binary(owner.to_string()),
                    encoding: None
                }),
                RpcFilterType::DataSize(165)
            ],
        )
        .is_none());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_rpc_single_gossip() {
        let exit = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
        let validator_exit = create_validator_exit(&exit);
        let ledger_path = get_tmp_ledger_path!();
        let blockstore = Arc::new(Blockstore::open(&ledger_path).unwrap());
        let block_commitment_cache = Arc::new(RwLock::new(BlockCommitmentCache::default()));
        let cluster_info = Arc::new(ClusterInfo::default());

        let GenesisConfigInfo { genesis_config, .. } = create_genesis_config(100);
        let bank = Bank::new(&genesis_config);

        let bank_forks = Arc::new(RwLock::new(BankForks::new(bank)));
        let bank0 = bank_forks.read().unwrap().get(0).unwrap().clone();
        let bank1 = Bank::new_from_parent(&bank0, &Pubkey::default(), 1);
        bank_forks.write().unwrap().insert(bank1);
        let bank1 = bank_forks.read().unwrap().get(1).unwrap().clone();
        let bank2 = Bank::new_from_parent(&bank1, &Pubkey::default(), 2);
        bank_forks.write().unwrap().insert(bank2);
        let bank2 = bank_forks.read().unwrap().get(2).unwrap().clone();
        let bank3 = Bank::new_from_parent(&bank2, &Pubkey::default(), 3);
        bank_forks.write().unwrap().insert(bank3);

        let optimistically_confirmed_bank =
            OptimisticallyConfirmedBank::locked_from_bank_forks_root(&bank_forks);
        let mut pending_optimistically_confirmed_banks = HashSet::new();

        let subscriptions = Arc::new(RpcSubscriptions::new(
            &exit,
            bank_forks.clone(),
            block_commitment_cache.clone(),
            optimistically_confirmed_bank.clone(),
        ));

        let (meta, _receiver) = JsonRpcRequestProcessor::new(
            JsonRpcConfig::default(),
            None,
            bank_forks.clone(),
            block_commitment_cache,
            blockstore,
            validator_exit,
            RpcHealth::stub(),
            cluster_info,
            Hash::default(),
            Arc::new(tokio::runtime::Runtime::new().unwrap()),
            None,
            optimistically_confirmed_bank.clone(),
            Arc::new(RwLock::new(LargestAccountsCache::new(30))),
            Arc::new(MaxSlots::default()),
        );

        let mut io = MetaIoHandler::default();
        io.extend_with(rpc_minimal::MinimalImpl.to_delegate());
        io.extend_with(rpc_full::FullImpl.to_delegate());

        let req =
            r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getSlot","params":[{"commitment":"confirmed"}]}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(req, meta.clone());
        let json: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.unwrap()).unwrap();
        let slot: Slot = serde_json::from_value(json["result"].clone()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(slot, 0);

        OptimisticallyConfirmedBankTracker::process_notification(
            BankNotification::OptimisticallyConfirmed(2),
            &bank_forks,
            &optimistically_confirmed_bank,
            &subscriptions,
            &mut pending_optimistically_confirmed_banks,
        );
        let req =
            r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getSlot","params":[{"commitment": "confirmed"}]}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let json: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.unwrap()).unwrap();
        let slot: Slot = serde_json::from_value(json["result"].clone()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(slot, 2);

        // Test rollback does not appear to happen, even if slots are notified out of order
        OptimisticallyConfirmedBankTracker::process_notification(
            BankNotification::OptimisticallyConfirmed(1),
            &bank_forks,
            &optimistically_confirmed_bank,
            &subscriptions,
            &mut pending_optimistically_confirmed_banks,
        );
        let req =
            r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getSlot","params":[{"commitment": "confirmed"}]}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let json: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.unwrap()).unwrap();
        let slot: Slot = serde_json::from_value(json["result"].clone()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(slot, 2);

        // Test bank will only be cached when frozen
        OptimisticallyConfirmedBankTracker::process_notification(
            BankNotification::OptimisticallyConfirmed(3),
            &bank_forks,
            &optimistically_confirmed_bank,
            &subscriptions,
            &mut pending_optimistically_confirmed_banks,
        );
        let req =
            r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getSlot","params":[{"commitment": "confirmed"}]}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta.clone());
        let json: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.unwrap()).unwrap();
        let slot: Slot = serde_json::from_value(json["result"].clone()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(slot, 2);

        // Test freezing an optimistically confirmed bank will update cache
        let bank3 = bank_forks.read().unwrap().get(3).unwrap().clone();
        OptimisticallyConfirmedBankTracker::process_notification(
            BankNotification::Frozen(bank3),
            &bank_forks,
            &optimistically_confirmed_bank,
            &subscriptions,
            &mut pending_optimistically_confirmed_banks,
        );
        let req =
            r#"{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"getSlot","params":[{"commitment": "confirmed"}]}"#;
        let res = io.handle_request_sync(&req, meta);
        let json: Value = serde_json::from_str(&res.unwrap()).unwrap();
        let slot: Slot = serde_json::from_value(json["result"].clone()).unwrap();
        assert_eq!(slot, 3);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_worst_case_encoded_tx_goldens() {
        let ff_tx = vec![0xffu8; PACKET_DATA_SIZE];
        let tx58 = bs58::encode(&ff_tx).into_string();
        assert_eq!(tx58.len(), WORST_CASE_BASE58_TX);
        let tx64 = base64::encode(&ff_tx);
        assert_eq!(tx64.len(), WORST_CASE_BASE64_TX);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_deserialize_transaction_too_large_payloads_fail() {
        // +2 because +1 still fits in base64 encoded worst-case
        let too_big = PACKET_DATA_SIZE + 2;
        let tx_ser = vec![0xffu8; too_big];
        let tx58 = bs58::encode(&tx_ser).into_string();
        let tx58_len = tx58.len();
        let expect58 = Error::invalid_params(format!(
            "encoded transaction too large: {} bytes (max: encoded/raw {}/{})",
            tx58_len, WORST_CASE_BASE58_TX, PACKET_DATA_SIZE,
        ));
        assert_eq!(
            deserialize_transaction(tx58, UiTransactionEncoding::Base58).unwrap_err(),
            expect58
        );
        let tx64 = base64::encode(&tx_ser);
        let tx64_len = tx64.len();
        let expect64 = Error::invalid_params(format!(
            "encoded transaction too large: {} bytes (max: encoded/raw {}/{})",
            tx64_len, WORST_CASE_BASE64_TX, PACKET_DATA_SIZE,
        ));
        assert_eq!(
            deserialize_transaction(tx64, UiTransactionEncoding::Base64).unwrap_err(),
            expect64
        );
        let too_big = PACKET_DATA_SIZE + 1;
        let tx_ser = vec![0x00u8; too_big];
        let tx58 = bs58::encode(&tx_ser).into_string();
        let expect = Error::invalid_params(format!(
            "transaction too large: {} bytes (max: {} bytes)",
            too_big, PACKET_DATA_SIZE
        ));
        assert_eq!(
            deserialize_transaction(tx58, UiTransactionEncoding::Base58).unwrap_err(),
            expect
        );
        let tx64 = base64::encode(&tx_ser);
        assert_eq!(
            deserialize_transaction(tx64, UiTransactionEncoding::Base64).unwrap_err(),
            expect
        );
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_deserialize_transaction_unsanitary() {
        let unsanitary_tx58 = "ju9xZWuDBX4pRxX2oZkTjxU5jB4SSTgEGhX8bQ8PURNzyzqKMPPpNvWihx8zUe\
             FfrbVNoAaEsNKZvGzAnTDy5bhNT9kt6KFCTBixpvrLCzg4M5UdFUQYrn1gdgjX\
             pLHxcaShD81xBNaFDgnA2nkkdHnKtZt4hVSfKAmw3VRZbjrZ7L2fKZBx21CwsG\
             hD6onjM2M3qZW5C8J6d1pj41MxKmZgPBSha3MyKkNLkAGFASK"
            .to_string();

        let expect58 =
            Error::invalid_params("invalid transaction: index out of bounds".to_string());
        assert_eq!(
            deserialize_transaction(unsanitary_tx58, UiTransactionEncoding::Base58).unwrap_err(),
            expect58
        );
    }
}