Add block height to ConfirmedBlock structs (backport #17523) (#17534)

* Add block height to ConfirmedBlock structs (#17523)

* Add BlockHeight CF to blockstore

* Rename CacheBlockTimeService to be more general

* Cache block-height using service

* Fixup previous proto mishandling

* Add block_height to block structs

* Add block-height to solana block

* Fallback to BankForks if block time or block height are not yet written to Blockstore

* Add docs

* Review comments

(cherry picked from commit ab581dafc2)

# Conflicts:
#	core/src/replay_stage.rs
#	core/src/tvu.rs
#	core/src/validator.rs

* Fix conflicts

Co-authored-by: Tyera Eulberg <teulberg@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Tyera Eulberg <tyera@solana.com>

docs/src/developing/clients/jsonrpc-api.md

@@ -631,6 +631,7 @@ The result field will be an object with the following fields:
     - `postBalance: <u64>` - account balance in lamports after the reward was applied
     - `rewardType: <string|undefined>` - type of reward: "fee", "rent", "voting", "staking"
   - `blockTime: <i64 | null>` - estimated production time, as Unix timestamp (seconds since the Unix epoch). null if not available
+  - `blockHeight: <u64 | null>` - the number of blocks beneath this block
 
 #### Example:
 
@@ -646,6 +647,7 @@ Result:
 {
   "jsonrpc": "2.0",
   "result": {
+    "blockHeight": 428,
     "blockTime": null,
     "blockhash": "3Eq21vXNB5s86c62bVuUfTeaMif1N2kUqRPBmGRJhyTA",
     "parentSlot": 429,
@@ -729,6 +731,7 @@ Result:
 {
   "jsonrpc": "2.0",
   "result": {
+    "blockHeight": 428,
     "blockTime": null,
     "blockhash": "3Eq21vXNB5s86c62bVuUfTeaMif1N2kUqRPBmGRJhyTA",
     "parentSlot": 429,