uses Option<Slot> for SlotMeta.parent_slot (backport #21808) (#21899)

* uses Option<Slot> for SlotMeta.parent_slot (#21808)

SlotMeta.parent_slot for the head of a detached chain of slots is
unknown and that is indicated by u64::MAX which lacks type-safety:
https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/6c108c8fc/ledger/src/blockstore_meta.rs#L203-L205

The commit changes the type to Option<Slot>. Backward compatibility is
maintained by customizing serde serialize/deserialize implementations.

(cherry picked from commit 8d980f07ba)

# Conflicts:
#	ledger-tool/src/main.rs

* removes backport merge conflicts

Co-authored-by: behzad nouri <behzadnouri@gmail.com>

local-cluster/tests/local_cluster.rs

@@ -2759,7 +2759,7 @@ fn test_no_voting() {
         let meta = ledger.meta(i as u64).unwrap().unwrap();
         let parent = meta.parent_slot;
         let expected_parent = i.saturating_sub(1);
-        assert_eq!(parent, expected_parent as u64);
+        assert_eq!(parent, Some(expected_parent as u64));
     }
 }