diff --git a/programs/bpf/c/src/invoke/invoke.c b/programs/bpf/c/src/invoke/invoke.c
index 88c745f015..0c8927b0b4 100644
--- a/programs/bpf/c/src/invoke/invoke.c
+++ b/programs/bpf/c/src/invoke/invoke.c
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 static const uint8_t TEST_SUCCESS = 1;
 static const uint8_t TEST_PRIVILEGE_ESCALATION_SIGNER = 2;
 static const uint8_t TEST_PRIVILEGE_ESCALATION_WRITABLE = 3;
+static const uint8_t TEST_PPROGRAM_NOT_EXECUTABLE = 4;
 
 static const int MINT_INDEX = 0;
 static const int ARGUMENT_INDEX = 1;
@@ -272,6 +273,16 @@ extern uint64_t entrypoint(const uint8_t *input) {
     sol_invoke(&instruction, accounts, SOL_ARRAY_SIZE(accounts));
     break;
   }
+  case TEST_PPROGRAM_NOT_EXECUTABLE: {
+    sol_log("Test program not executable");
+    SolAccountMeta arguments[] = {
+        {accounts[DERIVED_KEY3_INDEX].key, false, false}};
+    uint8_t data[] = {TEST_VERIFY_PRIVILEGE_ESCALATION};
+    const SolInstruction instruction = {accounts[ARGUMENT_INDEX].key, arguments,
+                                        SOL_ARRAY_SIZE(arguments), data,
+                                        SOL_ARRAY_SIZE(data)};
+    return sol_invoke(&instruction, accounts, SOL_ARRAY_SIZE(accounts));
+  }
   default:
     sol_panic();
   }
diff --git a/programs/bpf/rust/invoke/src/lib.rs b/programs/bpf/rust/invoke/src/lib.rs
index d1ba88fe86..4fd842cc1c 100644
--- a/programs/bpf/rust/invoke/src/lib.rs
+++ b/programs/bpf/rust/invoke/src/lib.rs
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ use solana_sdk::{
 const TEST_SUCCESS: u8 = 1;
 const TEST_PRIVILEGE_ESCALATION_SIGNER: u8 = 2;
 const TEST_PRIVILEGE_ESCALATION_WRITABLE: u8 = 3;
+const TEST_PPROGRAM_NOT_EXECUTABLE: u8 = 4;
 
 // const MINT_INDEX: usize = 0;
 const ARGUMENT_INDEX: usize = 1;
@@ -241,10 +242,7 @@ fn process_instruction(
 
             // Signer privilege escalation will always fail the whole transaction
             invoked_instruction.accounts[0].is_signer = true;
-            assert_eq!(
-                invoke(&invoked_instruction, accounts),
-                Err(ProgramError::Custom(0x0b9f_0002))
-            );
+            invoke(&invoked_instruction, accounts)?;
         }
         TEST_PRIVILEGE_ESCALATION_WRITABLE => {
             info!("Test privilege escalation writable");
@@ -257,10 +255,17 @@ fn process_instruction(
 
             // Writable privilege escalation will always fail the whole transaction
             invoked_instruction.accounts[0].is_writable = true;
-            assert_eq!(
-                invoke(&invoked_instruction, accounts),
-                Err(ProgramError::Custom(0x0b9f_0002))
+
+            invoke(&invoked_instruction, accounts)?;
+        }
+        TEST_PPROGRAM_NOT_EXECUTABLE => {
+            info!("Test program not executable");
+            let instruction = create_instruction(
+                *accounts[ARGUMENT_INDEX].key,
+                &[(accounts[ARGUMENT_INDEX].key, true, true)],
+                vec![TEST_RETURN_ERROR],
             );
+            invoke(&instruction, accounts)?;
         }
         _ => panic!(),
     }
diff --git a/programs/bpf/tests/programs.rs b/programs/bpf/tests/programs.rs
index 20bfd81e11..d68f0aa195 100644
--- a/programs/bpf/tests/programs.rs
+++ b/programs/bpf/tests/programs.rs
@@ -433,6 +433,7 @@ fn test_program_bpf_invoke() {
     const TEST_SUCCESS: u8 = 1;
     const TEST_PRIVILEGE_ESCALATION_SIGNER: u8 = 2;
     const TEST_PRIVILEGE_ESCALATION_WRITABLE: u8 = 3;
+    const TEST_PPROGRAM_NOT_EXECUTABLE: u8 = 4;
 
     let mut programs = Vec::new();
     #[cfg(feature = "bpf_c")]
@@ -593,6 +594,35 @@ fn test_program_bpf_invoke() {
             TransactionError::InstructionError(0, InstructionError::Custom(194969602))
         );
 
+        let instruction = Instruction::new(
+            invoke_program_id,
+            &[TEST_PPROGRAM_NOT_EXECUTABLE, nonce1, nonce2, nonce3],
+            account_metas.clone(),
+        );
+        let message = Message::new(&[instruction], Some(&mint_pubkey));
+        let tx = Transaction::new(
+            &[
+                &mint_keypair,
+                &argument_keypair,
+                &invoked_argument_keypair,
+                &from_keypair,
+            ],
+            message.clone(),
+            bank.last_blockhash(),
+        );
+        let (result, inner_instructions) = process_transaction_and_record_inner(&bank, tx);
+        let invoked_programs: Vec<Pubkey> = inner_instructions[0]
+            .iter()
+            .map(|ix| message.account_keys[ix.program_id_index as usize].clone())
+            .collect();
+        assert_eq!(invoked_programs, vec![argument_keypair.pubkey().clone()]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            result.unwrap_err(),
+            TransactionError::InstructionError(0, InstructionError::AccountNotExecutable)
+        );
+
+        // Check final state
+
         assert_eq!(43, bank.get_balance(&derived_key1));
         let account = bank.get_account(&derived_key1).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(invoke_program_id, account.owner);
@@ -630,12 +660,12 @@ fn assert_instruction_count() {
             ("solana_bpf_rust_128bit", 543),
             ("solana_bpf_rust_alloc", 19082),
             ("solana_bpf_rust_dep_crate", 2),
-            ("solana_bpf_rust_external_spend", 477),
+            ("solana_bpf_rust_external_spend", 485),
             ("solana_bpf_rust_iter", 723),
             ("solana_bpf_rust_many_args", 231),
-            ("solana_bpf_rust_noop", 451),
+            ("solana_bpf_rust_noop", 459),
             ("solana_bpf_rust_param_passing", 54),
-            ("solana_bpf_rust_sanity", 2215),
+            ("solana_bpf_rust_sanity", 2223),
         ]);
     }
 
diff --git a/programs/bpf_loader/src/syscalls.rs b/programs/bpf_loader/src/syscalls.rs
index 827b628504..8feb1c3ae1 100644
--- a/programs/bpf_loader/src/syscalls.rs
+++ b/programs/bpf_loader/src/syscalls.rs
@@ -1037,6 +1037,9 @@ fn call<'a>(
     // Process instruction
 
     let program_account = (*accounts[callee_program_id_index]).clone();
+    if !program_account.borrow().executable {
+        return Err(SyscallError::InstructionError(InstructionError::AccountNotExecutable).into());
+    }
     let executable_accounts = vec![(callee_program_id, program_account)];
     let mut message_processor = MessageProcessor::default();
     for (program_id, process_instruction) in invoke_context.get_programs().iter() {
diff --git a/runtime/src/message_processor.rs b/runtime/src/message_processor.rs
index 7aae214cb4..64d657a72f 100644
--- a/runtime/src/message_processor.rs
+++ b/runtime/src/message_processor.rs
@@ -463,7 +463,6 @@ impl MessageProcessor {
             })
             .collect();
         keyed_accounts.append(&mut keyed_accounts2);
-        assert!(keyed_accounts[0].executable()?, "account not executable");
         Ok(keyed_accounts)
     }