Separate the "program" feature of solana-sdk into a new crate called solana-program (bp #12989) (#13131)

* Add solana-program-sdk boilerplate

(cherry picked from commit 3718771ffb)

# Conflicts:
#	sdk/Cargo.toml

* Initial population of solana-program-sdk

(cherry picked from commit 63db324204)

# Conflicts:
#	Cargo.lock

* Port programs to solana-program-sdk

(cherry picked from commit fe68f7f786)

# Conflicts:
#	programs/bpf/Cargo.lock
#	programs/bpf/rust/128bit/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/128bit_dep/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/alloc/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/call_depth/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/custom_heap/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/dep_crate/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/deprecated_loader/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/dup_accounts/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/error_handling/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/external_spend/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/instruction_introspection/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/invoke/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/invoked/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/iter/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/many_args/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/many_args_dep/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/noop/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/panic/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/param_passing/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/param_passing_dep/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/rand/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/ristretto/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/sanity/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/sha256/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/sysval/Cargo.toml

* Only activate legacy program feature for the solana-sdk crate

(cherry picked from commit 85c51f5787)

* Run serum-dex unit tests

(cherry picked from commit 92ce381d60)

* Rename solana-program-sdk to solana-program

(cherry picked from commit dd711ab5fb)

# Conflicts:
#	programs/bpf/rust/128bit/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/128bit_dep/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/alloc/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/call_depth/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/custom_heap/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/dep_crate/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/deprecated_loader/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/dup_accounts/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/error_handling/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/external_spend/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/instruction_introspection/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/invoke/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/invoked/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/iter/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/many_args/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/many_args_dep/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/noop/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/panic/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/param_passing/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/param_passing_dep/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/rand/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/ristretto/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/sanity/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/sha256/Cargo.toml
#	programs/bpf/rust/sysval/Cargo.toml

* Update frozen_abi hashes

The movement of files in sdk/ caused ABI hashes to change

(cherry picked from commit a4956844bd)

* Resolve merge conflicts

Co-authored-by: Michael Vines <mvines@gmail.com>

sdk/program/src/clock.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+//! Provides information about the network's clock which is made up of ticks, slots, etc...
+
+// The default tick rate that the cluster attempts to achieve.  Note that the actual tick
+// rate at any given time should be expected to drift
+pub const DEFAULT_TICKS_PER_SECOND: u64 = 160;
+
+pub const MS_PER_TICK: u64 = 1000 / DEFAULT_TICKS_PER_SECOND;
+
+// At 160 ticks/s, 64 ticks per slot implies that leader rotation and voting will happen
+// every 400 ms. A fast voting cadence ensures faster finality and convergence
+pub const DEFAULT_TICKS_PER_SLOT: u64 = 64;
+
+// GCP n1-standard hardware and also a xeon e5-2520 v4 are about this rate of hashes/s
+pub const DEFAULT_HASHES_PER_SECOND: u64 = 2_000_000;
+
+// 1 Dev Epoch = 400 ms * 8192 ~= 55 minutes
+pub const DEFAULT_DEV_SLOTS_PER_EPOCH: u64 = 8192;
+
+pub const SECONDS_PER_DAY: u64 = 24 * 60 * 60;
+pub const TICKS_PER_DAY: u64 = DEFAULT_TICKS_PER_SECOND * SECONDS_PER_DAY;
+
+// 1 Epoch ~= 2 days
+pub const DEFAULT_SLOTS_PER_EPOCH: u64 = 2 * TICKS_PER_DAY / DEFAULT_TICKS_PER_SLOT;
+
+// leader schedule is governed by this
+pub const NUM_CONSECUTIVE_LEADER_SLOTS: u64 = 4;
+
+pub const DEFAULT_MS_PER_SLOT: u64 = 1_000 * DEFAULT_TICKS_PER_SLOT / DEFAULT_TICKS_PER_SECOND;
+
+/// The time window of recent block hash values that the bank will track the signatures
+/// of over. Once the bank discards a block hash, it will reject any transactions that use
+/// that `recent_blockhash` in a transaction. Lowering this value reduces memory consumption,
+/// but requires clients to update its `recent_blockhash` more frequently. Raising the value
+/// lengthens the time a client must wait to be certain a missing transaction will
+/// not be processed by the network.
+pub const MAX_HASH_AGE_IN_SECONDS: usize = 120;
+
+// Number of maximum recent blockhashes (one blockhash per slot)
+pub const MAX_RECENT_BLOCKHASHES: usize =
+    MAX_HASH_AGE_IN_SECONDS * DEFAULT_TICKS_PER_SECOND as usize / DEFAULT_TICKS_PER_SLOT as usize;
+
+// The maximum age of a blockhash that will be accepted by the leader
+pub const MAX_PROCESSING_AGE: usize = MAX_RECENT_BLOCKHASHES / 2;
+
+/// This is maximum time consumed in forwarding a transaction from one node to next, before
+/// it can be processed in the target node
+pub const MAX_TRANSACTION_FORWARDING_DELAY_GPU: usize = 2;
+
+/// More delay is expected if CUDA is not enabled (as signature verification takes longer)
+pub const MAX_TRANSACTION_FORWARDING_DELAY: usize = 6;
+
+/// Slot is a unit of time given to a leader for encoding,
+///  is some some number of Ticks long.
+pub type Slot = u64;
+
+/// Epoch is a unit of time a given leader schedule is honored,
+///  some number of Slots.
+pub type Epoch = u64;
+
+pub const GENESIS_EPOCH: Epoch = 0;
+
+/// SlotIndex is an index to the slots of a epoch
+pub type SlotIndex = u64;
+
+/// SlotCount is the number of slots in a epoch
+pub type SlotCount = u64;
+
+/// UnixTimestamp is an approximate measure of real-world time,
+/// expressed as Unix time (ie. seconds since the Unix epoch)
+pub type UnixTimestamp = i64;
+
+/// Clock represents network time.  Members of Clock start from 0 upon
+///  network boot.  The best way to map Clock to wallclock time is to use
+///  current Slot, as Epochs vary in duration (they start short and grow
+///  as the network progresses).
+///
+#[repr(C)]
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Default, PartialEq)]
+pub struct Clock {
+    /// the current network/bank Slot
+    pub slot: Slot,
+    /// unused
+    pub unused: u64,
+    /// the bank Epoch
+    pub epoch: Epoch,
+    /// the future Epoch for which the leader schedule has
+    ///  most recently been calculated
+    pub leader_schedule_epoch: Epoch,
+    /// computed from genesis creation time and network time
+    ///  in slots, drifts!
+    pub unix_timestamp: UnixTimestamp,
+}