Update publish.sh

And solana.io -> solana.com

.gitattributes

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-*.a filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text

.gitignore

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 Cargo.lock
 /target/
 **/*.rs.bk
+.cargo

.travis.yml

@@ -20,3 +20,17 @@ script:
 after_success: |
   docker run -it --rm --security-opt seccomp=unconfined --volume "$PWD:/volume" elmtai/docker-rust-kcov
   bash <(curl -s https://codecov.io/bash) -s target/cov
+before_deploy:
+  - cargo package
+deploy:
+  provider: releases
+  api-key:
+    secure: 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
+  file: target/package/solana-$TRAVIS_TAG.crate
+  skip_cleanup: true
+  on:
+    tags: true
+    condition: "$TRAVIS_RUST_VERSION = stable"
+
+after_deploy:
+  - cargo publish --token "$CRATES_IO_TOKEN"

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,25 +1,25 @@
 [package]
 name = "solana"
-description = "High Performance Blockchain"
+description = "The World's Fastest Blockchain"
-version = "0.5.0-beta"
+version = "0.6.0-alpha"
 documentation = "https://docs.rs/solana"
-homepage = "http://solana.io/"
+homepage = "http://solana.com/"
 repository = "https://github.com/solana-labs/solana"
 authors = [
-    "Anatoly Yakovenko <anatoly@solana.io>",
+    "Anatoly Yakovenko <anatoly@solana.com>",
-    "Greg Fitzgerald <greg@solana.io>",
+    "Greg Fitzgerald <greg@solana.com>",
-    "Stephen Akridge <stephen@solana.io>",
+    "Stephen Akridge <stephen@solana.com>",
 ]
 license = "Apache-2.0"
 
-[[bin]]
-name = "solana-historian-demo"
-path = "src/bin/historian-demo.rs"
-
 [[bin]]
 name = "solana-client-demo"
 path = "src/bin/client-demo.rs"
 
+[[bin]]
+name = "solana-multinode-demo"
+path = "src/bin/multinode-demo.rs"
+
 [[bin]]
 name = "solana-testnode"
 path = "src/bin/testnode.rs"
@@ -68,3 +68,5 @@ libc = "^0.2.1"
 getopts = "^0.2"
 isatty = "0.1"
 futures = "0.1"
+rand = "0.4.2"
+pnet = "^0.21.0"

README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [![Solana crate](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/solana.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/solana)
 [![Solana documentation](https://docs.rs/solana/badge.svg)](https://docs.rs/solana)
-[![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/solana-labs/solana.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/solana-labs/solana)
+[![Build status](https://badge.buildkite.com/d4c4d7da9154e3a8fb7199325f430ccdb05be5fc1e92777e51.svg)](https://buildkite.com/solana-labs/solana)
 [![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/solana-labs/solana/branch/master/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/solana-labs/solana)
 
 Disclaimer
@@ -102,6 +102,12 @@ $ source $HOME/.cargo/env
 $ rustup component add rustfmt-preview
 ```
 
+If your rustc version is lower than 1.25.0, please update it:
+
+```bash
+$ rustup update
+```
+
 Download the source code:
 
 ```bash
@@ -118,6 +124,18 @@ Run the test suite:
 cargo test
 ```
 
+Debugging
+---
+
+There are some useful debug messages in the code, you can enable them on a per-module and per-level
+basis with the normal RUST\_LOG environment variable. Run the testnode with this syntax:
+```bash
+$ RUST_LOG=solana::streamer=debug,solana::accountant_skel=info cat genesis.log | ./target/release/solana-testnode > transactions0.log
+```
+to see the debug and info sections for streamer and accountant\_skel respectively. Generally
+we are using debug for infrequent debug messages, trace for potentially frequent messages and
+info for performance-related logging.
+
 Benchmarking
 ---
 
@@ -133,6 +151,13 @@ Run the benchmarks:
 $ cargo +nightly bench --features="unstable"
 ```
 
+To run the benchmarks on Linux with GPU optimizations enabled:
+
+```bash
+$ wget https://solana-build-artifacts.s3.amazonaws.com/v0.5.0/libcuda_verify_ed25519.a
+$ cargo +nightly bench --features="unstable,cuda"
+```
+
 Code coverage
 ---
 

_config.yml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+theme: jekyll-theme-slate

ci/buildkite.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+steps:
+  - command: "ci/coverage.sh || true"
+    label: "coverage"
+    # TODO: Run coverage in a docker image rather than assuming kcov/cargo-kcov
+    #       is installed on the build agent...
+    #plugins:
+    #  docker#v1.1.1:
+    #    image: "rust"
+    #    user: "998:997" # buildkite-agent:buildkite-agent
+    #    environment:
+    #      - CODECOV_TOKEN=$CODECOV_TOKEN
+  - command: "ci/test-stable.sh"
+    label: "stable [public]"
+    plugins:
+      docker#v1.1.1:
+        image: "rust"
+        user: "998:997" # buildkite-agent:buildkite-agent
+  - command: "ci/test-nightly.sh || true"
+    label: "nightly - FAILURES IGNORED [public]"
+    plugins:
+      docker#v1.1.1:
+        image: "rustlang/rust:nightly"
+        user: "998:997" # buildkite-agent:buildkite-agent
+  - command: "ci/test-ignored.sh || true"
+    label: "ignored - FAILURES IGNORED [public]"
+  - command: "ci/test-cuda.sh"
+    label: "cuda"
+  - wait
+  - command: "ci/publish.sh"
+    label: "publish release artifacts"
+    plugins:
+      docker#v1.1.1:
+        image: "rust"
+        user: "998:997" # buildkite-agent:buildkite-agent
+        environment:
+          - BUILDKITE_TAG=$BUILDKITE_TAG
+          - CRATES_IO_TOKEN=$CRATES_IO_TOKEN

ci/coverage.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#!/bin/bash -e
+
+cd $(dirname $0)/..
+
+if [[ -r ~/.cargo/env ]]; then
+  # Pick up local install of kcov/cargo-kcov
+  source ~/.cargo/env
+fi
+
+rustc --version
+cargo --version
+kcov --version
+cargo-kcov --version
+
+export RUST_BACKTRACE=1
+cargo build
+cargo kcov
+
+if [[ -z "$CODECOV_TOKEN" ]]; then
+  echo CODECOV_TOKEN undefined
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+bash <(curl -s https://codecov.io/bash)
+exit 0

ci/publish.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#!/bin/bash -e
+
+cd $(dirname $0)/..
+
+if [[ -z "$BUILDKITE_TAG" ]]; then
+  # Skip publish if this is not a tagged release
+  exit 0
+fi
+
+if [[ -z "$CRATES_IO_TOKEN" ]]; then
+  echo CRATES_IO_TOKEN undefined
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+cargo package
+# TODO: Ensure the published version matches the contents of BUILDKITE_TAG
+cargo publish --token "$CRATES_IO_TOKEN"
+
+exit 0

ci/test-cuda.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#!/bin/bash -e
+
+cd $(dirname $0)/..
+
+if [[ -z "$libcuda_verify_ed25519_URL" ]]; then
+  echo libcuda_verify_ed25519_URL undefined
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda/lib64
+export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/cuda/bin
+curl -X GET -o libcuda_verify_ed25519.a "$libcuda_verify_ed25519_URL"
+
+source $HOME/.cargo/env
+cargo test --features=cuda
+
+exit 0

ci/test-ignored.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#!/bin/bash -e
+
+cd $(dirname $0)/..
+
+rustc --version
+cargo --version
+
+export RUST_BACKTRACE=1
+cargo test -- --ignored

ci/test-nightly.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/bin/bash -e
+
+cd $(dirname $0)/..
+
+rustc --version
+cargo --version
+
+rustup component add rustfmt-preview
+cargo fmt -- --write-mode=diff
+cargo build --verbose --features unstable
+cargo test --verbose --features unstable
+
+exit 0

ci/test-stable.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/bin/bash -e
+
+cd $(dirname $0)/..
+
+rustc --version
+cargo --version
+
+rustup component add rustfmt-preview
+cargo fmt -- --write-mode=diff
+cargo build --verbose
+cargo test --verbose
+
+exit 0

multinode-demo/client.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+cd /home/ubuntu/solana
+#git pull
+export RUST_LOG=solana::crdt=trace
+# scp  ubuntu@18.206.1.146:~/solana/leader.json .
+# scp  ubuntu@18.206.1.146:~/solana/mint-demo.json .
+cat mint-demo.json | cargo run --release --bin solana-multinode-demo -- -l leader.json -c 10.0.5.179:8100 -n 3

multinode-demo/leader.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+cd /home/ubuntu/solana
+git pull
+export RUST_LOG=solana=info
+cat genesis.log | cargo run --release --features cuda --bin solana-testnode -- -s leader.json -b 8000 -d | grep INFO
+#cat genesis.log | cargo run --release --bin solana-testnode -- -s leader.json -b 8000 -d

multinode-demo/validator.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+cd /home/ubuntu/solana
+git pull
+scp  ubuntu@18.206.1.146:~/solana/mint-demo.json .
+scp  ubuntu@18.206.1.146:~/solana/leader.json .
+scp  ubuntu@18.206.1.146:~/solana/genesis.log .
+scp  ubuntu@18.206.1.146:~/solana/libcuda_verify_ed25519.a .
+export RUST_LOG=solana=info
+cat genesis.log | cargo run --release --features cuda --bin solana-testnode -- -s replicator.json -v leader.json -b 9000 -d 2>&1 | tee validator.log
+

scripts/buildkite.sh

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda/lib64
-source $HOME/.cargo/env
-export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/cuda/bin
-cp /tmp/libcuda_verify_ed25519.a .
-cargo test --features=cuda

src/accountant.rs

@@ -1,526 +0,0 @@
-//! The `accountant` module tracks client balances, and the progress of pending
-//! transactions. It offers a high-level public API that signs transactions
-//! on behalf of the caller, and a private low-level API for when they have
-//! already been signed and verified.
-
-extern crate libc;
-
-use chrono::prelude::*;
-use event::Event;
-use hash::Hash;
-use mint::Mint;
-use plan::{Payment, Plan, Witness};
-use rayon::prelude::*;
-use signature::{KeyPair, PublicKey, Signature};
-use std::collections::hash_map::Entry::Occupied;
-use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet, VecDeque};
-use std::result;
-use std::sync::RwLock;
-use transaction::Transaction;
-
-pub const MAX_ENTRY_IDS: usize = 1024 * 4;
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum AccountingError {
-    AccountNotFound,
-    InsufficientFunds,
-    InvalidTransferSignature,
-}
-
-pub type Result<T> = result::Result<T, AccountingError>;
-
-/// Commit funds to the 'to' party.
-fn apply_payment(balances: &RwLock<HashMap<PublicKey, RwLock<i64>>>, payment: &Payment) {
-    if balances.read().unwrap().contains_key(&payment.to) {
-        let bals = balances.read().unwrap();
-        *bals[&payment.to].write().unwrap() += payment.tokens;
-    } else {
-        let mut bals = balances.write().unwrap();
-        bals.insert(payment.to, RwLock::new(payment.tokens));
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct Accountant {
-    balances: RwLock<HashMap<PublicKey, RwLock<i64>>>,
-    pending: RwLock<HashMap<Signature, Plan>>,
-    last_ids: RwLock<VecDeque<(Hash, RwLock<HashSet<Signature>>)>>,
-    time_sources: RwLock<HashSet<PublicKey>>,
-    last_time: RwLock<DateTime<Utc>>,
-}
-
-impl Accountant {
-    /// Create an Accountant using a deposit.
-    pub fn new_from_deposit(deposit: &Payment) -> Self {
-        let balances = RwLock::new(HashMap::new());
-        apply_payment(&balances, deposit);
-        Accountant {
-            balances,
-            pending: RwLock::new(HashMap::new()),
-            last_ids: RwLock::new(VecDeque::new()),
-            time_sources: RwLock::new(HashSet::new()),
-            last_time: RwLock::new(Utc.timestamp(0, 0)),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Create an Accountant with only a Mint. Typically used by unit tests.
-    pub fn new(mint: &Mint) -> Self {
-        let deposit = Payment {
-            to: mint.pubkey(),
-            tokens: mint.tokens,
-        };
-        let acc = Self::new_from_deposit(&deposit);
-        acc.register_entry_id(&mint.last_id());
-        acc
-    }
-
-    fn reserve_signature(signatures: &RwLock<HashSet<Signature>>, sig: &Signature) -> bool {
-        if signatures.read().unwrap().contains(sig) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        signatures.write().unwrap().insert(*sig);
-        true
-    }
-
-    fn forget_signature(signatures: &RwLock<HashSet<Signature>>, sig: &Signature) -> bool {
-        signatures.write().unwrap().remove(sig)
-    }
-
-    fn forget_signature_with_last_id(&self, sig: &Signature, last_id: &Hash) -> bool {
-        if let Some(entry) = self.last_ids
-            .read()
-            .unwrap()
-            .iter()
-            .rev()
-            .find(|x| x.0 == *last_id)
-        {
-            return Self::forget_signature(&entry.1, sig);
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
-    fn reserve_signature_with_last_id(&self, sig: &Signature, last_id: &Hash) -> bool {
-        if let Some(entry) = self.last_ids
-            .read()
-            .unwrap()
-            .iter()
-            .rev()
-            .find(|x| x.0 == *last_id)
-        {
-            return Self::reserve_signature(&entry.1, sig);
-        }
-        false
-    }
-
-    /// Tell the accountant which Entry IDs exist on the ledger. This function
-    /// assumes subsequent calls correspond to later entries, and will boot
-    /// the oldest ones once its internal cache is full. Once boot, the
-    /// accountant will reject transactions using that `last_id`.
-    pub fn register_entry_id(&self, last_id: &Hash) {
-        let mut last_ids = self.last_ids.write().unwrap();
-        if last_ids.len() >= MAX_ENTRY_IDS {
-            last_ids.pop_front();
-        }
-        last_ids.push_back((*last_id, RwLock::new(HashSet::new())));
-    }
-
-    /// Deduct tokens from the 'from' address the account has sufficient
-    /// funds and isn't a duplicate.
-    pub fn process_verified_transaction_debits(&self, tr: &Transaction) -> Result<()> {
-        let bals = self.balances.read().unwrap();
-
-        // Hold a write lock before the condition check, so that a debit can't occur
-        // between checking the balance and the withdraw.
-        let option = bals.get(&tr.from);
-        if option.is_none() {
-            return Err(AccountingError::AccountNotFound);
-        }
-        let mut bal = option.unwrap().write().unwrap();
-
-        if !self.reserve_signature_with_last_id(&tr.sig, &tr.data.last_id) {
-            return Err(AccountingError::InvalidTransferSignature);
-        }
-
-        if *bal < tr.data.tokens {
-            self.forget_signature_with_last_id(&tr.sig, &tr.data.last_id);
-            return Err(AccountingError::InsufficientFunds);
-        }
-
-        *bal -= tr.data.tokens;
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    pub fn process_verified_transaction_credits(&self, tr: &Transaction) {
-        let mut plan = tr.data.plan.clone();
-        plan.apply_witness(&Witness::Timestamp(*self.last_time.read().unwrap()));
-
-        if let Some(ref payment) = plan.final_payment() {
-            apply_payment(&self.balances, payment);
-        } else {
-            let mut pending = self.pending.write().unwrap();
-            pending.insert(tr.sig, plan);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Process a Transaction that has already been verified.
-    pub fn process_verified_transaction(&self, tr: &Transaction) -> Result<()> {
-        self.process_verified_transaction_debits(tr)?;
-        self.process_verified_transaction_credits(tr);
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Process a batch of verified transactions.
-    pub fn process_verified_transactions(&self, trs: Vec<Transaction>) -> Vec<Result<Transaction>> {
-        // Run all debits first to filter out any transactions that can't be processed
-        // in parallel deterministically.
-        let results: Vec<_> = trs.into_par_iter()
-            .map(|tr| self.process_verified_transaction_debits(&tr).map(|_| tr))
-            .collect(); // Calling collect() here forces all debits to complete before moving on.
-
-        results
-            .into_par_iter()
-            .map(|result| {
-                result.map(|tr| {
-                    self.process_verified_transaction_credits(&tr);
-                    tr
-                })
-            })
-            .collect()
-    }
-
-    fn partition_events(events: Vec<Event>) -> (Vec<Transaction>, Vec<Event>) {
-        let mut trs = vec![];
-        let mut rest = vec![];
-        for event in events {
-            match event {
-                Event::Transaction(tr) => trs.push(tr),
-                _ => rest.push(event),
-            }
-        }
-        (trs, rest)
-    }
-
-    pub fn process_verified_events(&self, events: Vec<Event>) -> Result<()> {
-        let (trs, rest) = Self::partition_events(events);
-        self.process_verified_transactions(trs);
-        for event in rest {
-            self.process_verified_event(&event)?;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Process a Witness Signature that has already been verified.
-    fn process_verified_sig(&self, from: PublicKey, tx_sig: Signature) -> Result<()> {
-        if let Occupied(mut e) = self.pending.write().unwrap().entry(tx_sig) {
-            e.get_mut().apply_witness(&Witness::Signature(from));
-            if let Some(ref payment) = e.get().final_payment() {
-                apply_payment(&self.balances, payment);
-                e.remove_entry();
-            }
-        };
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Process a Witness Timestamp that has already been verified.
-    fn process_verified_timestamp(&self, from: PublicKey, dt: DateTime<Utc>) -> Result<()> {
-        // If this is the first timestamp we've seen, it probably came from the genesis block,
-        // so we'll trust it.
-        if *self.last_time.read().unwrap() == Utc.timestamp(0, 0) {
-            self.time_sources.write().unwrap().insert(from);
-        }
-
-        if self.time_sources.read().unwrap().contains(&from) {
-            if dt > *self.last_time.read().unwrap() {
-                *self.last_time.write().unwrap() = dt;
-            }
-        } else {
-            return Ok(());
-        }
-
-        // Check to see if any timelocked transactions can be completed.
-        let mut completed = vec![];
-
-        // Hold 'pending' write lock until the end of this function. Otherwise another thread can
-        // double-spend if it enters before the modified plan is removed from 'pending'.
-        let mut pending = self.pending.write().unwrap();
-        for (key, plan) in pending.iter_mut() {
-            plan.apply_witness(&Witness::Timestamp(*self.last_time.read().unwrap()));
-            if let Some(ref payment) = plan.final_payment() {
-                apply_payment(&self.balances, payment);
-                completed.push(key.clone());
-            }
-        }
-
-        for key in completed {
-            pending.remove(&key);
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Process an Transaction or Witness that has already been verified.
-    pub fn process_verified_event(&self, event: &Event) -> Result<()> {
-        match *event {
-            Event::Transaction(ref tr) => self.process_verified_transaction(tr),
-            Event::Signature { from, tx_sig, .. } => self.process_verified_sig(from, tx_sig),
-            Event::Timestamp { from, dt, .. } => self.process_verified_timestamp(from, dt),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Create, sign, and process a Transaction from `keypair` to `to` of
-    /// `n` tokens where `last_id` is the last Entry ID observed by the client.
-    pub fn transfer(
-        &self,
-        n: i64,
-        keypair: &KeyPair,
-        to: PublicKey,
-        last_id: Hash,
-    ) -> Result<Signature> {
-        let tr = Transaction::new(keypair, to, n, last_id);
-        let sig = tr.sig;
-        self.process_verified_transaction(&tr).map(|_| sig)
-    }
-
-    /// Create, sign, and process a postdated Transaction from `keypair`
-    /// to `to` of `n` tokens on `dt` where `last_id` is the last Entry ID
-    /// observed by the client.
-    pub fn transfer_on_date(
-        &self,
-        n: i64,
-        keypair: &KeyPair,
-        to: PublicKey,
-        dt: DateTime<Utc>,
-        last_id: Hash,
-    ) -> Result<Signature> {
-        let tr = Transaction::new_on_date(keypair, to, dt, n, last_id);
-        let sig = tr.sig;
-        self.process_verified_transaction(&tr).map(|_| sig)
-    }
-
-    pub fn get_balance(&self, pubkey: &PublicKey) -> Option<i64> {
-        let bals = self.balances.read().unwrap();
-        bals.get(pubkey).map(|x| *x.read().unwrap())
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-    use bincode::serialize;
-    use hash::hash;
-    use signature::KeyPairUtil;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_accountant() {
-        let alice = Mint::new(10_000);
-        let bob_pubkey = KeyPair::new().pubkey();
-        let acc = Accountant::new(&alice);
-        acc.transfer(1_000, &alice.keypair(), bob_pubkey, alice.last_id())
-            .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(acc.get_balance(&bob_pubkey).unwrap(), 1_000);
-
-        acc.transfer(500, &alice.keypair(), bob_pubkey, alice.last_id())
-            .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(acc.get_balance(&bob_pubkey).unwrap(), 1_500);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_account_not_found() {
-        let mint = Mint::new(1);
-        let acc = Accountant::new(&mint);
-        assert_eq!(
-            acc.transfer(1, &KeyPair::new(), mint.pubkey(), mint.last_id()),
-            Err(AccountingError::AccountNotFound)
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_invalid_transfer() {
-        let alice = Mint::new(11_000);
-        let acc = Accountant::new(&alice);
-        let bob_pubkey = KeyPair::new().pubkey();
-        acc.transfer(1_000, &alice.keypair(), bob_pubkey, alice.last_id())
-            .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            acc.transfer(10_001, &alice.keypair(), bob_pubkey, alice.last_id()),
-            Err(AccountingError::InsufficientFunds)
-        );
-
-        let alice_pubkey = alice.keypair().pubkey();
-        assert_eq!(acc.get_balance(&alice_pubkey).unwrap(), 10_000);
-        assert_eq!(acc.get_balance(&bob_pubkey).unwrap(), 1_000);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_transfer_to_newb() {
-        let alice = Mint::new(10_000);
-        let acc = Accountant::new(&alice);
-        let alice_keypair = alice.keypair();
-        let bob_pubkey = KeyPair::new().pubkey();
-        acc.transfer(500, &alice_keypair, bob_pubkey, alice.last_id())
-            .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(acc.get_balance(&bob_pubkey).unwrap(), 500);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_transfer_on_date() {
-        let alice = Mint::new(1);
-        let acc = Accountant::new(&alice);
-        let alice_keypair = alice.keypair();
-        let bob_pubkey = KeyPair::new().pubkey();
-        let dt = Utc::now();
-        acc.transfer_on_date(1, &alice_keypair, bob_pubkey, dt, alice.last_id())
-            .unwrap();
-
-        // Alice's balance will be zero because all funds are locked up.
-        assert_eq!(acc.get_balance(&alice.pubkey()), Some(0));
-
-        // Bob's balance will be None because the funds have not been
-        // sent.
-        assert_eq!(acc.get_balance(&bob_pubkey), None);
-
-        // Now, acknowledge the time in the condition occurred and
-        // that bob's funds are now available.
-        acc.process_verified_timestamp(alice.pubkey(), dt).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(acc.get_balance(&bob_pubkey), Some(1));
-
-        acc.process_verified_timestamp(alice.pubkey(), dt).unwrap(); // <-- Attack! Attempt to process completed transaction.
-        assert_ne!(acc.get_balance(&bob_pubkey), Some(2));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_transfer_after_date() {
-        let alice = Mint::new(1);
-        let acc = Accountant::new(&alice);
-        let alice_keypair = alice.keypair();
-        let bob_pubkey = KeyPair::new().pubkey();
-        let dt = Utc::now();
-        acc.process_verified_timestamp(alice.pubkey(), dt).unwrap();
-
-        // It's now past now, so this transfer should be processed immediately.
-        acc.transfer_on_date(1, &alice_keypair, bob_pubkey, dt, alice.last_id())
-            .unwrap();
-
-        assert_eq!(acc.get_balance(&alice.pubkey()), Some(0));
-        assert_eq!(acc.get_balance(&bob_pubkey), Some(1));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_cancel_transfer() {
-        let alice = Mint::new(1);
-        let acc = Accountant::new(&alice);
-        let alice_keypair = alice.keypair();
-        let bob_pubkey = KeyPair::new().pubkey();
-        let dt = Utc::now();
-        let sig = acc.transfer_on_date(1, &alice_keypair, bob_pubkey, dt, alice.last_id())
-            .unwrap();
-
-        // Alice's balance will be zero because all funds are locked up.
-        assert_eq!(acc.get_balance(&alice.pubkey()), Some(0));
-
-        // Bob's balance will be None because the funds have not been
-        // sent.
-        assert_eq!(acc.get_balance(&bob_pubkey), None);
-
-        // Now, cancel the trancaction. Alice gets her funds back, Bob never sees them.
-        acc.process_verified_sig(alice.pubkey(), sig).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(acc.get_balance(&alice.pubkey()), Some(1));
-        assert_eq!(acc.get_balance(&bob_pubkey), None);
-
-        acc.process_verified_sig(alice.pubkey(), sig).unwrap(); // <-- Attack! Attempt to cancel completed transaction.
-        assert_ne!(acc.get_balance(&alice.pubkey()), Some(2));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_duplicate_event_signature() {
-        let alice = Mint::new(1);
-        let acc = Accountant::new(&alice);
-        let sig = Signature::default();
-        assert!(acc.reserve_signature_with_last_id(&sig, &alice.last_id()));
-        assert!(!acc.reserve_signature_with_last_id(&sig, &alice.last_id()));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_forget_signature() {
-        let alice = Mint::new(1);
-        let acc = Accountant::new(&alice);
-        let sig = Signature::default();
-        acc.reserve_signature_with_last_id(&sig, &alice.last_id());
-        assert!(acc.forget_signature_with_last_id(&sig, &alice.last_id()));
-        assert!(!acc.forget_signature_with_last_id(&sig, &alice.last_id()));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_max_entry_ids() {
-        let alice = Mint::new(1);
-        let acc = Accountant::new(&alice);
-        let sig = Signature::default();
-        for i in 0..MAX_ENTRY_IDS {
-            let last_id = hash(&serialize(&i).unwrap()); // Unique hash
-            acc.register_entry_id(&last_id);
-        }
-        // Assert we're no longer able to use the oldest entry ID.
-        assert!(!acc.reserve_signature_with_last_id(&sig, &alice.last_id()));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_debits_before_credits() {
-        let mint = Mint::new(2);
-        let acc = Accountant::new(&mint);
-        let alice = KeyPair::new();
-        let tr0 = Transaction::new(&mint.keypair(), alice.pubkey(), 2, mint.last_id());
-        let tr1 = Transaction::new(&alice, mint.pubkey(), 1, mint.last_id());
-        let trs = vec![tr0, tr1];
-        assert!(acc.process_verified_transactions(trs)[1].is_err());
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(all(feature = "unstable", test))]
-mod bench {
-    extern crate test;
-    use self::test::Bencher;
-    use accountant::*;
-    use bincode::serialize;
-    use hash::hash;
-    use signature::KeyPairUtil;
-
-    #[bench]
-    fn process_verified_event_bench(bencher: &mut Bencher) {
-        let mint = Mint::new(100_000_000);
-        let acc = Accountant::new(&mint);
-        // Create transactions between unrelated parties.
-        let transactions: Vec<_> = (0..4096)
-            .into_par_iter()
-            .map(|i| {
-                // Seed the 'from' account.
-                let rando0 = KeyPair::new();
-                let tr = Transaction::new(&mint.keypair(), rando0.pubkey(), 1_000, mint.last_id());
-                acc.process_verified_transaction(&tr).unwrap();
-
-                // Seed the 'to' account and a cell for its signature.
-                let last_id = hash(&serialize(&i).unwrap()); // Unique hash
-                acc.register_entry_id(&last_id);
-
-                let rando1 = KeyPair::new();
-                let tr = Transaction::new(&rando0, rando1.pubkey(), 1, last_id);
-                acc.process_verified_transaction(&tr).unwrap();
-
-                // Finally, return a transaction that's unique
-                Transaction::new(&rando0, rando1.pubkey(), 1, last_id)
-            })
-            .collect();
-        bencher.iter(|| {
-            // Since benchmarker runs this multiple times, we need to clear the signatures.
-            for sigs in acc.last_ids.read().unwrap().iter() {
-                sigs.1.write().unwrap().clear();
-            }
-
-            assert!(
-                acc.process_verified_transactions(transactions.clone())
-                    .iter()
-                    .all(|x| x.is_ok())
-            );
-        });
-    }
-}

src/accountant_skel.rs

@@ -1,810 +0,0 @@
-//! The `accountant_skel` module is a microservice that exposes the high-level
-//! Accountant API to the network. Its message encoding is currently
-//! in flux. Clients should use AccountantStub to interact with it.
-
-use accountant::Accountant;
-use bincode::{deserialize, serialize};
-use ecdsa;
-use entry::Entry;
-use event::Event;
-use hash::Hash;
-use historian::Historian;
-use packet;
-use packet::SharedPackets;
-use rayon::prelude::*;
-use recorder::Signal;
-use result::Result;
-use serde_json;
-use signature::PublicKey;
-use std::cmp::max;
-use std::collections::VecDeque;
-use std::io::Write;
-use std::net::{SocketAddr, UdpSocket};
-use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
-use std::sync::mpsc::{channel, Receiver, Sender};
-use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex, RwLock};
-use std::thread::{spawn, JoinHandle};
-use std::time::Duration;
-use streamer;
-use transaction::Transaction;
-
-use subscribers;
-
-pub struct AccountantSkel<W: Write + Send + 'static> {
-    acc: Accountant,
-    last_id: Hash,
-    writer: W,
-    historian: Historian,
-    entry_info_subscribers: Vec<SocketAddr>,
-}
-
-#[cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(large_enum_variant))]
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone)]
-pub enum Request {
-    Transaction(Transaction),
-    GetBalance { key: PublicKey },
-    GetLastId,
-    Subscribe { subscriptions: Vec<Subscription> },
-}
-
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone)]
-pub enum Subscription {
-    EntryInfo,
-}
-
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone)]
-pub struct EntryInfo {
-    pub id: Hash,
-    pub num_hashes: u64,
-    pub num_events: u64,
-}
-
-impl Request {
-    /// Verify the request is valid.
-    pub fn verify(&self) -> bool {
-        match *self {
-            Request::Transaction(ref tr) => tr.verify_plan(),
-            _ => true,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
-pub enum Response {
-    Balance { key: PublicKey, val: Option<i64> },
-    EntryInfo(EntryInfo),
-    LastId { id: Hash },
-}
-
-impl<W: Write + Send + 'static> AccountantSkel<W> {
-    /// Create a new AccountantSkel that wraps the given Accountant.
-    pub fn new(acc: Accountant, last_id: Hash, writer: W, historian: Historian) -> Self {
-        AccountantSkel {
-            acc,
-            last_id,
-            writer,
-            historian,
-            entry_info_subscribers: vec![],
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn notify_entry_info_subscribers(&mut self, entry: &Entry) {
-        // TODO: No need to bind().
-        let socket = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").expect("bind");
-
-        for addr in &self.entry_info_subscribers {
-            let entry_info = EntryInfo {
-                id: entry.id,
-                num_hashes: entry.num_hashes,
-                num_events: entry.events.len() as u64,
-            };
-            let data = serialize(&Response::EntryInfo(entry_info)).expect("serialize EntryInfo");
-            let _res = socket.send_to(&data, addr);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Process any Entry items that have been published by the Historian.
-    pub fn sync(&mut self) -> Hash {
-        while let Ok(entry) = self.historian.receiver.try_recv() {
-            self.last_id = entry.id;
-            self.acc.register_entry_id(&self.last_id);
-            writeln!(self.writer, "{}", serde_json::to_string(&entry).unwrap()).unwrap();
-            self.notify_entry_info_subscribers(&entry);
-        }
-        self.last_id
-    }
-
-    /// Process Request items sent by clients.
-    pub fn process_request(
-        &mut self,
-        msg: Request,
-        rsp_addr: SocketAddr,
-    ) -> Option<(Response, SocketAddr)> {
-        match msg {
-            Request::GetBalance { key } => {
-                let val = self.acc.get_balance(&key);
-                Some((Response::Balance { key, val }, rsp_addr))
-            }
-            Request::GetLastId => Some((Response::LastId { id: self.sync() }, rsp_addr)),
-            Request::Transaction(_) => unreachable!(),
-            Request::Subscribe { subscriptions } => {
-                for subscription in subscriptions {
-                    match subscription {
-                        Subscription::EntryInfo => self.entry_info_subscribers.push(rsp_addr),
-                    }
-                }
-                None
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn recv_batch(recvr: &streamer::PacketReceiver) -> Result<Vec<SharedPackets>> {
-        let timer = Duration::new(1, 0);
-        let msgs = recvr.recv_timeout(timer)?;
-        trace!("got msgs");
-        let mut batch = vec![msgs];
-        while let Ok(more) = recvr.try_recv() {
-            trace!("got more msgs");
-            batch.push(more);
-        }
-        info!("batch len {}", batch.len());
-        Ok(batch)
-    }
-
-    fn verify_batch(batch: Vec<SharedPackets>) -> Vec<Vec<(SharedPackets, Vec<u8>)>> {
-        let chunk_size = max(1, (batch.len() + 3) / 4);
-        let batches: Vec<_> = batch.chunks(chunk_size).map(|x| x.to_vec()).collect();
-        batches
-            .into_par_iter()
-            .map(|batch| {
-                let r = ecdsa::ed25519_verify(&batch);
-                batch.into_iter().zip(r).collect()
-            })
-            .collect()
-    }
-
-    fn verifier(
-        recvr: &streamer::PacketReceiver,
-        sendr: &Sender<Vec<(SharedPackets, Vec<u8>)>>,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        let batch = Self::recv_batch(recvr)?;
-        let verified_batches = Self::verify_batch(batch);
-        for xs in verified_batches {
-            sendr.send(xs)?;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    pub fn deserialize_packets(p: &packet::Packets) -> Vec<Option<(Request, SocketAddr)>> {
-        p.packets
-            .par_iter()
-            .map(|x| {
-                deserialize(&x.data[0..x.meta.size])
-                    .map(|req| (req, x.meta.addr()))
-                    .ok()
-            })
-            .collect()
-    }
-
-    /// Split Request list into verified transactions and the rest
-    fn partition_requests(
-        req_vers: Vec<(Request, SocketAddr, u8)>,
-    ) -> (Vec<Transaction>, Vec<(Request, SocketAddr)>) {
-        let mut trs = vec![];
-        let mut reqs = vec![];
-        for (msg, rsp_addr, verify) in req_vers {
-            match msg {
-                Request::Transaction(tr) => {
-                    if verify != 0 {
-                        trs.push(tr);
-                    }
-                }
-                _ => reqs.push((msg, rsp_addr)),
-            }
-        }
-        (trs, reqs)
-    }
-
-    fn process_packets(
-        &mut self,
-        req_vers: Vec<(Request, SocketAddr, u8)>,
-    ) -> Result<Vec<(Response, SocketAddr)>> {
-        let (trs, reqs) = Self::partition_requests(req_vers);
-
-        // Process the transactions in parallel and then log the successful ones.
-        for result in self.acc.process_verified_transactions(trs) {
-            if let Ok(tr) = result {
-                self.historian
-                    .sender
-                    .send(Signal::Event(Event::Transaction(tr)))?;
-            }
-        }
-
-        // Let validators know they should not attempt to process additional
-        // transactions in parallel.
-        self.historian.sender.send(Signal::Tick)?;
-
-        // Process the remaining requests serially.
-        let rsps = reqs.into_iter()
-            .filter_map(|(req, rsp_addr)| self.process_request(req, rsp_addr))
-            .collect();
-
-        Ok(rsps)
-    }
-
-    fn serialize_response(
-        resp: Response,
-        rsp_addr: SocketAddr,
-        blob_recycler: &packet::BlobRecycler,
-    ) -> Result<packet::SharedBlob> {
-        let blob = blob_recycler.allocate();
-        {
-            let mut b = blob.write().unwrap();
-            let v = serialize(&resp)?;
-            let len = v.len();
-            b.data[..len].copy_from_slice(&v);
-            b.meta.size = len;
-            b.meta.set_addr(&rsp_addr);
-        }
-        Ok(blob)
-    }
-
-    fn serialize_responses(
-        rsps: Vec<(Response, SocketAddr)>,
-        blob_recycler: &packet::BlobRecycler,
-    ) -> Result<VecDeque<packet::SharedBlob>> {
-        let mut blobs = VecDeque::new();
-        for (resp, rsp_addr) in rsps {
-            blobs.push_back(Self::serialize_response(resp, rsp_addr, blob_recycler)?);
-        }
-        Ok(blobs)
-    }
-
-    fn process(
-        obj: &Arc<Mutex<AccountantSkel<W>>>,
-        verified_receiver: &Receiver<Vec<(SharedPackets, Vec<u8>)>>,
-        blob_sender: &streamer::BlobSender,
-        packet_recycler: &packet::PacketRecycler,
-        blob_recycler: &packet::BlobRecycler,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        let timer = Duration::new(1, 0);
-        let mms = verified_receiver.recv_timeout(timer)?;
-        for (msgs, vers) in mms {
-            let reqs = Self::deserialize_packets(&msgs.read().unwrap());
-            let req_vers = reqs.into_iter()
-                .zip(vers)
-                .filter_map(|(req, ver)| req.map(|(msg, addr)| (msg, addr, ver)))
-                .filter(|x| x.0.verify())
-                .collect();
-            let rsps = obj.lock().unwrap().process_packets(req_vers)?;
-            let blobs = Self::serialize_responses(rsps, blob_recycler)?;
-            if !blobs.is_empty() {
-                //don't wake up the other side if there is nothing
-                blob_sender.send(blobs)?;
-            }
-            packet_recycler.recycle(msgs);
-
-            // Write new entries to the ledger and notify subscribers.
-            obj.lock().unwrap().sync();
-        }
-
-        Ok(())
-    }
-    /// Process verified blobs, already in order
-    /// Respond with a signed hash of the state
-    fn replicate_state(
-        obj: &Arc<Mutex<AccountantSkel<W>>>,
-        verified_receiver: &streamer::BlobReceiver,
-        blob_recycler: &packet::BlobRecycler,
-    ) -> Result<()> {
-        let timer = Duration::new(1, 0);
-        let blobs = verified_receiver.recv_timeout(timer)?;
-        for msgs in &blobs {
-            let blob = msgs.read().unwrap();
-            let entries: Vec<Entry> = deserialize(&blob.data()[..blob.meta.size]).unwrap();
-            for entry in entries {
-                obj.lock().unwrap().acc.register_entry_id(&entry.id);
-
-                obj.lock()
-                    .unwrap()
-                    .acc
-                    .process_verified_events(entry.events)?;
-            }
-            //TODO respond back to leader with hash of the state
-        }
-        for blob in blobs {
-            blob_recycler.recycle(blob);
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-
-    /// Create a UDP microservice that forwards messages the given AccountantSkel.
-    /// This service is the network leader
-    /// Set `exit` to shutdown its threads.
-    pub fn serve(
-        obj: &Arc<Mutex<AccountantSkel<W>>>,
-        addr: &str,
-        exit: Arc<AtomicBool>,
-    ) -> Result<Vec<JoinHandle<()>>> {
-        let read = UdpSocket::bind(addr)?;
-        // make sure we are on the same interface
-        let mut local = read.local_addr()?;
-        local.set_port(0);
-        let write = UdpSocket::bind(local)?;
-
-        let packet_recycler = packet::PacketRecycler::default();
-        let blob_recycler = packet::BlobRecycler::default();
-        let (packet_sender, packet_receiver) = channel();
-        let t_receiver =
-            streamer::receiver(read, exit.clone(), packet_recycler.clone(), packet_sender)?;
-        let (blob_sender, blob_receiver) = channel();
-        let t_responder =
-            streamer::responder(write, exit.clone(), blob_recycler.clone(), blob_receiver);
-        let (verified_sender, verified_receiver) = channel();
-
-        let exit_ = exit.clone();
-        let t_verifier = spawn(move || loop {
-            let e = Self::verifier(&packet_receiver, &verified_sender);
-            if e.is_err() && exit_.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
-                break;
-            }
-        });
-
-        let skel = obj.clone();
-        let t_server = spawn(move || loop {
-            let e = Self::process(
-                &skel,
-                &verified_receiver,
-                &blob_sender,
-                &packet_recycler,
-                &blob_recycler,
-            );
-            if e.is_err() {
-                // Assume this was a timeout, so sync any empty entries.
-                skel.lock().unwrap().sync();
-
-                if exit.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
-                    break;
-                }
-            }
-        });
-        Ok(vec![t_receiver, t_responder, t_server, t_verifier])
-    }
-
-    /// This service receives messages from a leader in the network and processes the transactions
-    /// on the accountant state.
-    /// # Arguments
-    /// * `obj` - The accountant state.
-    /// * `rsubs` - The subscribers.
-    /// * `exit` - The exit signal.
-    /// # Remarks
-    /// The pipeline is constructed as follows:
-    /// 1. receive blobs from the network, these are out of order
-    /// 2. verify blobs, PoH, signatures (TODO)
-    /// 3. reconstruct contiguous window
-    ///     a. order the blobs
-    ///     b. use erasure coding to reconstruct missing blobs
-    ///     c. ask the network for missing blobs, if erasure coding is insufficient
-    ///     d. make sure that the blobs PoH sequences connect (TODO)
-    /// 4. process the transaction state machine
-    /// 5. respond with the hash of the state back to the leader
-    pub fn replicate(
-        obj: &Arc<Mutex<AccountantSkel<W>>>,
-        rsubs: subscribers::Subscribers,
-        exit: Arc<AtomicBool>,
-    ) -> Result<Vec<JoinHandle<()>>> {
-        let read = UdpSocket::bind(rsubs.me.addr)?;
-        // make sure we are on the same interface
-        let mut local = read.local_addr()?;
-        local.set_port(0);
-        let write = UdpSocket::bind(local)?;
-
-        let blob_recycler = packet::BlobRecycler::default();
-        let (blob_sender, blob_receiver) = channel();
-        let t_blob_receiver = streamer::blob_receiver(
-            exit.clone(),
-            blob_recycler.clone(),
-            read,
-            blob_sender.clone(),
-        )?;
-        let (window_sender, window_receiver) = channel();
-        let (retransmit_sender, retransmit_receiver) = channel();
-
-        let subs = Arc::new(RwLock::new(rsubs));
-        let t_retransmit = streamer::retransmitter(
-            write,
-            exit.clone(),
-            subs.clone(),
-            blob_recycler.clone(),
-            retransmit_receiver,
-        );
-        //TODO
-        //the packets coming out of blob_receiver need to be sent to the GPU and verified
-        //then sent to the window, which does the erasure coding reconstruction
-        let t_window = streamer::window(
-            exit.clone(),
-            subs,
-            blob_recycler.clone(),
-            blob_receiver,
-            window_sender,
-            retransmit_sender,
-        );
-
-        let skel = obj.clone();
-        let t_server = spawn(move || loop {
-            let e = Self::replicate_state(&skel, &window_receiver, &blob_recycler);
-            if e.is_err() && exit.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
-                break;
-            }
-        });
-        Ok(vec![t_blob_receiver, t_retransmit, t_window, t_server])
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-pub fn to_packets(r: &packet::PacketRecycler, reqs: Vec<Request>) -> Vec<SharedPackets> {
-    let mut out = vec![];
-    for rrs in reqs.chunks(packet::NUM_PACKETS) {
-        let p = r.allocate();
-        p.write()
-            .unwrap()
-            .packets
-            .resize(rrs.len(), Default::default());
-        for (i, o) in rrs.iter().zip(p.write().unwrap().packets.iter_mut()) {
-            let v = serialize(&i).expect("serialize request");
-            let len = v.len();
-            o.data[..len].copy_from_slice(&v);
-            o.meta.size = len;
-        }
-        out.push(p);
-    }
-    return out;
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use accountant_skel::{to_packets, Request};
-    use bincode::serialize;
-    use ecdsa;
-    use packet::{BlobRecycler, PacketRecycler, NUM_PACKETS};
-    use transaction::{memfind, test_tx};
-
-    use accountant::Accountant;
-    use accountant_skel::AccountantSkel;
-    use accountant_stub::AccountantStub;
-    use entry::Entry;
-    use futures::Future;
-    use historian::Historian;
-    use mint::Mint;
-    use plan::Plan;
-    use recorder::Signal;
-    use signature::{KeyPair, KeyPairUtil};
-    use std::io::sink;
-    use std::net::{SocketAddr, UdpSocket};
-    use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
-    use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
-    use std::thread::sleep;
-    use std::time::Duration;
-    use transaction::Transaction;
-
-    use subscribers::{Node, Subscribers};
-    use streamer;
-    use std::sync::mpsc::channel;
-    use std::collections::VecDeque;
-    use hash::{hash, Hash};
-    use event::Event;
-    use entry;
-    use chrono::prelude::*;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_layout() {
-        let tr = test_tx();
-        let tx = serialize(&tr).unwrap();
-        let packet = serialize(&Request::Transaction(tr)).unwrap();
-        assert_matches!(memfind(&packet, &tx), Some(ecdsa::TX_OFFSET));
-        assert_matches!(memfind(&packet, &[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]), None);
-    }
-    #[test]
-    fn test_to_packets() {
-        let tr = Request::Transaction(test_tx());
-        let re = PacketRecycler::default();
-        let rv = to_packets(&re, vec![tr.clone(); 1]);
-        assert_eq!(rv.len(), 1);
-        assert_eq!(rv[0].read().unwrap().packets.len(), 1);
-
-        let rv = to_packets(&re, vec![tr.clone(); NUM_PACKETS]);
-        assert_eq!(rv.len(), 1);
-        assert_eq!(rv[0].read().unwrap().packets.len(), NUM_PACKETS);
-
-        let rv = to_packets(&re, vec![tr.clone(); NUM_PACKETS + 1]);
-        assert_eq!(rv.len(), 2);
-        assert_eq!(rv[0].read().unwrap().packets.len(), NUM_PACKETS);
-        assert_eq!(rv[1].read().unwrap().packets.len(), 1);
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_accounting_sequential_consistency() {
-        // In this attack we'll demonstrate that a verifier can interpret the ledger
-        // differently if either the server doesn't signal the ledger to add an
-        // Entry OR if the verifier tries to parallelize across multiple Entries.
-        let mint = Mint::new(2);
-        let acc = Accountant::new(&mint);
-        let rsp_addr: SocketAddr = "0.0.0.0:0".parse().expect("socket address");
-        let historian = Historian::new(&mint.last_id(), None);
-        let mut skel = AccountantSkel::new(acc, mint.last_id(), sink(), historian);
-
-        // Process a batch that includes a transaction that receives two tokens.
-        let alice = KeyPair::new();
-        let tr = Transaction::new(&mint.keypair(), alice.pubkey(), 2, mint.last_id());
-        let req_vers = vec![(Request::Transaction(tr), rsp_addr, 1_u8)];
-        assert!(skel.process_packets(req_vers).is_ok());
-
-        // Process a second batch that spends one of those tokens.
-        let tr = Transaction::new(&alice, mint.pubkey(), 1, mint.last_id());
-        let req_vers = vec![(Request::Transaction(tr), rsp_addr, 1_u8)];
-        assert!(skel.process_packets(req_vers).is_ok());
-
-        // Collect the ledger and feed it to a new accountant.
-        skel.historian.sender.send(Signal::Tick).unwrap();
-        drop(skel.historian.sender);
-        let entries: Vec<Entry> = skel.historian.receiver.iter().collect();
-
-        // Assert the user holds one token, not two. If the server only output one
-        // entry, then the second transaction will be rejected, because it drives
-        // the account balance below zero before the credit is added.
-        let acc = Accountant::new(&mint);
-        for entry in entries {
-            acc.process_verified_events(entry.events).unwrap();
-        }
-        assert_eq!(acc.get_balance(&alice.pubkey()), Some(1));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_accountant_bad_sig() {
-        let serve_port = 9002;
-        let send_port = 9003;
-        let addr = format!("127.0.0.1:{}", serve_port);
-        let send_addr = format!("127.0.0.1:{}", send_port);
-        let alice = Mint::new(10_000);
-        let acc = Accountant::new(&alice);
-        let bob_pubkey = KeyPair::new().pubkey();
-        let exit = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
-        let historian = Historian::new(&alice.last_id(), Some(30));
-        let acc = Arc::new(Mutex::new(AccountantSkel::new(
-            acc,
-            alice.last_id(),
-            sink(),
-            historian,
-        )));
-        let _threads = AccountantSkel::serve(&acc, &addr, exit.clone()).unwrap();
-        sleep(Duration::from_millis(300));
-
-        let socket = UdpSocket::bind(send_addr).unwrap();
-        socket.set_read_timeout(Some(Duration::new(5, 0))).unwrap();
-
-        let mut acc = AccountantStub::new(&addr, socket);
-        let last_id = acc.get_last_id().wait().unwrap();
-
-        let tr = Transaction::new(&alice.keypair(), bob_pubkey, 500, last_id);
-
-        let _sig = acc.transfer_signed(tr).unwrap();
-
-        let last_id = acc.get_last_id().wait().unwrap();
-
-        let mut tr2 = Transaction::new(&alice.keypair(), bob_pubkey, 501, last_id);
-        tr2.data.tokens = 502;
-        tr2.data.plan = Plan::new_payment(502, bob_pubkey);
-        let _sig = acc.transfer_signed(tr2).unwrap();
-
-        assert_eq!(acc.get_balance(&bob_pubkey).wait().unwrap(), 500);
-        exit.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
-    }
-
-    use std::sync::{Once, ONCE_INIT};
-    extern crate env_logger;
-
-    static INIT: Once = ONCE_INIT;
-
-    /// Setup function that is only run once, even if called multiple times.
-    fn setup() {
-        INIT.call_once(|| {
-            env_logger::init().unwrap();
-        });
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_replicate() {
-        setup();
-        let leader_sock = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").expect("bind");
-        let leader_addr = leader_sock.local_addr().unwrap();
-        let me_addr = "127.0.0.1:9010".parse().unwrap();
-        let target_peer_sock = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").expect("bind");
-        let target_peer_addr = target_peer_sock.local_addr().unwrap();
-        let source_peer_sock = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").expect("bind");
-        let exit = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
-
-        let node_me = Node::new([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1], 10, me_addr);
-        let node_subs = vec![Node::new([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2], 8, target_peer_addr); 1];
-        let node_leader = Node::new([0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3], 20, leader_addr);
-        let subs = Subscribers::new(node_me, node_leader, &node_subs);
-
-        // setup some blob services to send blobs into the socket
-        // to simulate the source peer and get blobs out of the socket to
-        // simulate target peer
-        let recv_recycler = BlobRecycler::default();
-        let resp_recycler = BlobRecycler::default();
-        let (s_reader, r_reader) = channel();
-        let t_receiver = streamer::blob_receiver(
-            exit.clone(),
-            recv_recycler.clone(),
-            target_peer_sock,
-            s_reader,
-        ).unwrap();
-        let (s_responder, r_responder) = channel();
-        let t_responder = streamer::responder(
-            source_peer_sock,
-            exit.clone(),
-            resp_recycler.clone(),
-            r_responder,
-        );
-
-        let starting_balance = 10_000;
-        let alice = Mint::new(starting_balance);
-        let acc = Accountant::new(&alice);
-        let historian = Historian::new(&alice.last_id(), Some(30));
-        let acc = Arc::new(Mutex::new(AccountantSkel::new(
-            acc,
-            alice.last_id(),
-            sink(),
-            historian,
-        )));
-
-        let _threads = AccountantSkel::replicate(&acc, subs, exit.clone()).unwrap();
-
-        let mut alice_ref_balance = starting_balance;
-        let mut msgs = VecDeque::new();
-        let mut cur_hash = Hash::default();
-        let num_blobs = 10;
-        let transfer_amount = 501;
-        let bob_keypair = KeyPair::new();
-        for i in 0..num_blobs {
-            let b = resp_recycler.allocate();
-            let b_ = b.clone();
-            let mut w = b.write().unwrap();
-            w.set_index(i).unwrap();
-
-            let tr0 = Event::new_timestamp(&bob_keypair, Utc::now());
-            let entry0 = entry::create_entry(&cur_hash, i, vec![tr0]);
-            acc.lock().unwrap().acc.register_entry_id(&cur_hash);
-            cur_hash = hash(&cur_hash);
-
-            let tr1 = Transaction::new(
-                &alice.keypair(),
-                bob_keypair.pubkey(),
-                transfer_amount,
-                cur_hash,
-            );
-            acc.lock().unwrap().acc.register_entry_id(&cur_hash);
-            cur_hash = hash(&cur_hash);
-            let entry1 =
-                entry::create_entry(&cur_hash, i + num_blobs, vec![Event::Transaction(tr1)]);
-            acc.lock().unwrap().acc.register_entry_id(&cur_hash);
-            cur_hash = hash(&cur_hash);
-
-            alice_ref_balance -= transfer_amount;
-
-            let serialized_entry = serialize(&vec![entry0, entry1]).unwrap();
-
-            w.data_mut()[..serialized_entry.len()].copy_from_slice(&serialized_entry);
-            w.set_size(serialized_entry.len());
-            w.meta.set_addr(&me_addr);
-            drop(w);
-            msgs.push_back(b_);
-        }
-
-        // send the blobs into the socket
-        s_responder.send(msgs).expect("send");
-
-        // receive retransmitted messages
-        let timer = Duration::new(1, 0);
-        let mut msgs: Vec<_> = Vec::new();
-        while let Ok(msg) = r_reader.recv_timeout(timer) {
-            trace!("msg: {:?}", msg);
-            msgs.push(msg);
-        }
-
-        let alice_balance = acc.lock()
-            .unwrap()
-            .acc
-            .get_balance(&alice.keypair().pubkey())
-            .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(alice_balance, alice_ref_balance);
-
-        let bob_balance = acc.lock()
-            .unwrap()
-            .acc
-            .get_balance(&bob_keypair.pubkey())
-            .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(bob_balance, starting_balance - alice_ref_balance);
-
-        exit.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
-        t_receiver.join().expect("join");
-        t_responder.join().expect("join");
-    }
-
-}
-
-#[cfg(all(feature = "unstable", test))]
-mod bench {
-    extern crate test;
-    use self::test::Bencher;
-    use accountant::{Accountant, MAX_ENTRY_IDS};
-    use accountant_skel::*;
-    use bincode::serialize;
-    use hash::hash;
-    use mint::Mint;
-    use signature::{KeyPair, KeyPairUtil};
-    use std::collections::HashSet;
-    use std::io::sink;
-    use std::time::Instant;
-    use transaction::Transaction;
-
-    #[bench]
-    fn process_packets_bench(_bencher: &mut Bencher) {
-        let mint = Mint::new(100_000_000);
-        let acc = Accountant::new(&mint);
-        let rsp_addr: SocketAddr = "0.0.0.0:0".parse().expect("socket address");
-        // Create transactions between unrelated parties.
-        let txs = 100_000;
-        let last_ids: Mutex<HashSet<Hash>> = Mutex::new(HashSet::new());
-        let transactions: Vec<_> = (0..txs)
-            .into_par_iter()
-            .map(|i| {
-                // Seed the 'to' account and a cell for its signature.
-                let dummy_id = i % (MAX_ENTRY_IDS as i32);
-                let last_id = hash(&serialize(&dummy_id).unwrap()); // Semi-unique hash
-                {
-                    let mut last_ids = last_ids.lock().unwrap();
-                    if !last_ids.contains(&last_id) {
-                        last_ids.insert(last_id);
-                        acc.register_entry_id(&last_id);
-                    }
-                }
-
-                // Seed the 'from' account.
-                let rando0 = KeyPair::new();
-                let tr = Transaction::new(&mint.keypair(), rando0.pubkey(), 1_000, last_id);
-                acc.process_verified_transaction(&tr).unwrap();
-
-                let rando1 = KeyPair::new();
-                let tr = Transaction::new(&rando0, rando1.pubkey(), 2, last_id);
-                acc.process_verified_transaction(&tr).unwrap();
-
-                // Finally, return a transaction that's unique
-                Transaction::new(&rando0, rando1.pubkey(), 1, last_id)
-            })
-            .collect();
-
-        let req_vers = transactions
-            .into_iter()
-            .map(|tr| (Request::Transaction(tr), rsp_addr, 1_u8))
-            .collect();
-
-        let historian = Historian::new(&mint.last_id(), None);
-        let mut skel = AccountantSkel::new(acc, mint.last_id(), sink(), historian);
-
-        let now = Instant::now();
-        assert!(skel.process_packets(req_vers).is_ok());
-        let duration = now.elapsed();
-        let sec = duration.as_secs() as f64 + duration.subsec_nanos() as f64 / 1_000_000_000.0;
-        let tps = txs as f64 / sec;
-
-        // Ensure that all transactions were successfully logged.
-        drop(skel.historian.sender);
-        let entries: Vec<Entry> = skel.historian.receiver.iter().collect();
-        assert_eq!(entries.len(), 1);
-        assert_eq!(entries[0].events.len(), txs as usize);
-
-        println!("{} tps", tps);
-    }
-}

src/accountant_stub.rs

@@ -1,201 +0,0 @@
-//! The `accountant_stub` module is a client-side object that interfaces with a server-side Accountant
-//! object via the network interface exposed by AccountantSkel. Client code should use
-//! this object instead of writing messages to the network directly. The binary
-//! encoding of its messages are unstable and may change in future releases.
-
-use accountant_skel::{Request, Response, Subscription};
-use bincode::{deserialize, serialize};
-use futures::future::{ok, FutureResult};
-use hash::Hash;
-use signature::{KeyPair, PublicKey, Signature};
-use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::io;
-use std::net::UdpSocket;
-use transaction::Transaction;
-
-pub struct AccountantStub {
-    pub addr: String,
-    pub socket: UdpSocket,
-    last_id: Option<Hash>,
-    num_events: u64,
-    balances: HashMap<PublicKey, Option<i64>>,
-}
-
-impl AccountantStub {
-    /// Create a new AccountantStub that will interface with AccountantSkel
-    /// over `socket`. To receive responses, the caller must bind `socket`
-    /// to a public address before invoking AccountantStub methods.
-    pub fn new(addr: &str, socket: UdpSocket) -> Self {
-        let stub = AccountantStub {
-            addr: addr.to_string(),
-            socket,
-            last_id: None,
-            num_events: 0,
-            balances: HashMap::new(),
-        };
-        stub.init();
-        stub
-    }
-
-    pub fn init(&self) {
-        let subscriptions = vec![Subscription::EntryInfo];
-        let req = Request::Subscribe { subscriptions };
-        let data = serialize(&req).expect("serialize Subscribe");
-        let _res = self.socket.send_to(&data, &self.addr);
-    }
-
-    pub fn recv_response(&self) -> io::Result<Response> {
-        let mut buf = vec![0u8; 1024];
-        self.socket.recv_from(&mut buf)?;
-        let resp = deserialize(&buf).expect("deserialize balance");
-        Ok(resp)
-    }
-
-    pub fn process_response(&mut self, resp: Response) {
-        match resp {
-            Response::Balance { key, val } => {
-                self.balances.insert(key, val);
-            }
-            Response::LastId { id } => {
-                self.last_id = Some(id);
-            }
-            Response::EntryInfo(entry_info) => {
-                self.last_id = Some(entry_info.id);
-                self.num_events += entry_info.num_events;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Send a signed Transaction to the server for processing. This method
-    /// does not wait for a response.
-    pub fn transfer_signed(&self, tr: Transaction) -> io::Result<usize> {
-        let req = Request::Transaction(tr);
-        let data = serialize(&req).unwrap();
-        self.socket.send_to(&data, &self.addr)
-    }
-
-    /// Creates, signs, and processes a Transaction. Useful for writing unit-tests.
-    pub fn transfer(
-        &self,
-        n: i64,
-        keypair: &KeyPair,
-        to: PublicKey,
-        last_id: &Hash,
-    ) -> io::Result<Signature> {
-        let tr = Transaction::new(keypair, to, n, *last_id);
-        let sig = tr.sig;
-        self.transfer_signed(tr).map(|_| sig)
-    }
-
-    /// Request the balance of the user holding `pubkey`. This method blocks
-    /// until the server sends a response. If the response packet is dropped
-    /// by the network, this method will hang indefinitely.
-    pub fn get_balance(&mut self, pubkey: &PublicKey) -> FutureResult<i64, i64> {
-        let req = Request::GetBalance { key: *pubkey };
-        let data = serialize(&req).expect("serialize GetBalance");
-        self.socket
-            .send_to(&data, &self.addr)
-            .expect("buffer error");
-        let mut done = false;
-        while !done {
-            let resp = self.recv_response().expect("recv response");
-            if let &Response::Balance { ref key, .. } = &resp {
-                done = key == pubkey;
-            }
-            self.process_response(resp);
-        }
-        ok(self.balances[pubkey].unwrap())
-    }
-
-    /// Request the last Entry ID from the server. This method blocks
-    /// until the server sends a response. At the time of this writing,
-    /// it also has the side-effect of causing the server to log any
-    /// entries that have been published by the Historian.
-    pub fn get_last_id(&mut self) -> FutureResult<Hash, ()> {
-        let req = Request::GetLastId;
-        let data = serialize(&req).expect("serialize GetId");
-        self.socket
-            .send_to(&data, &self.addr)
-            .expect("buffer error");
-        let mut done = false;
-        while !done {
-            let resp = self.recv_response().expect("recv response");
-            if let &Response::LastId { .. } = &resp {
-                done = true;
-            }
-            self.process_response(resp);
-        }
-        ok(self.last_id.unwrap_or(Hash::default()))
-    }
-
-    /// Return the number of transactions the server processed since creating
-    /// this stub instance.
-    pub fn transaction_count(&mut self) -> u64 {
-        // Wait for at least one EntryInfo.
-        let mut done = false;
-        while !done {
-            let resp = self.recv_response().expect("recv response");
-            if let &Response::EntryInfo(_) = &resp {
-                done = true;
-            }
-            self.process_response(resp);
-        }
-
-        // Then take the rest.
-        self.socket.set_nonblocking(true).expect("set nonblocking");
-        loop {
-            match self.recv_response() {
-                Err(_) => break,
-                Ok(resp) => self.process_response(resp),
-            }
-        }
-        self.socket.set_nonblocking(false).expect("set blocking");
-        self.num_events
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-    use accountant::Accountant;
-    use accountant_skel::AccountantSkel;
-    use futures::Future;
-    use historian::Historian;
-    use mint::Mint;
-    use signature::{KeyPair, KeyPairUtil};
-    use std::io::sink;
-    use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
-    use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
-    use std::thread::sleep;
-    use std::time::Duration;
-
-    // TODO: Figure out why this test sometimes hangs on TravisCI.
-    #[test]
-    fn test_accountant_stub() {
-        let addr = "127.0.0.1:9000";
-        let send_addr = "127.0.0.1:9001";
-        let alice = Mint::new(10_000);
-        let acc = Accountant::new(&alice);
-        let bob_pubkey = KeyPair::new().pubkey();
-        let exit = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
-        let historian = Historian::new(&alice.last_id(), Some(30));
-        let acc = Arc::new(Mutex::new(AccountantSkel::new(
-            acc,
-            alice.last_id(),
-            sink(),
-            historian,
-        )));
-        let _threads = AccountantSkel::serve(&acc, addr, exit.clone()).unwrap();
-        sleep(Duration::from_millis(300));
-
-        let socket = UdpSocket::bind(send_addr).unwrap();
-        socket.set_read_timeout(Some(Duration::new(5, 0))).unwrap();
-
-        let mut acc = AccountantStub::new(addr, socket);
-        let last_id = acc.get_last_id().wait().unwrap();
-        let _sig = acc.transfer(500, &alice.keypair(), bob_pubkey, &last_id)
-            .unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(acc.get_balance(&bob_pubkey).wait().unwrap(), 500);
-        exit.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
-    }
-}

src/bank.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,654 @@
+//! The `bank` module tracks client balances, and the progress of pending
+//! transactions. It offers a high-level public API that signs transactions
+//! on behalf of the caller, and a private low-level API for when they have
+//! already been signed and verified.
+
+extern crate libc;
+
+use chrono::prelude::*;
+use entry::Entry;
+use event::Event;
+use hash::Hash;
+use mint::Mint;
+use plan::{Payment, Plan, Witness};
+use rayon::prelude::*;
+use signature::{KeyPair, PublicKey, Signature};
+use std::collections::hash_map::Entry::Occupied;
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet, VecDeque};
+use std::result;
+use std::sync::RwLock;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicIsize, AtomicUsize, Ordering};
+use transaction::{Instruction, Transaction};
+
+pub const MAX_ENTRY_IDS: usize = 1024 * 4;
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+pub enum BankError {
+    AccountNotFound(PublicKey),
+    InsufficientFunds(PublicKey),
+    InvalidTransferSignature(Signature),
+}
+
+pub type Result<T> = result::Result<T, BankError>;
+
+/// Commit funds to the 'to' party.
+fn apply_payment(balances: &RwLock<HashMap<PublicKey, AtomicIsize>>, payment: &Payment) {
+    // First we check balances with a read lock to maximize potential parallelization.
+    if balances
+        .read()
+        .expect("'balances' read lock in apply_payment")
+        .contains_key(&payment.to)
+    {
+        let bals = balances.read().expect("'balances' read lock");
+        bals[&payment.to].fetch_add(payment.tokens as isize, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    } else {
+        // Now we know the key wasn't present a nanosecond ago, but it might be there
+        // by the time we aquire a write lock, so we'll have to check again.
+        let mut bals = balances.write().expect("'balances' write lock");
+        if bals.contains_key(&payment.to) {
+            bals[&payment.to].fetch_add(payment.tokens as isize, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        } else {
+            bals.insert(payment.to, AtomicIsize::new(payment.tokens as isize));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Bank {
+    balances: RwLock<HashMap<PublicKey, AtomicIsize>>,
+    pending: RwLock<HashMap<Signature, Plan>>,
+    last_ids: RwLock<VecDeque<(Hash, RwLock<HashSet<Signature>>)>>,
+    time_sources: RwLock<HashSet<PublicKey>>,
+    last_time: RwLock<DateTime<Utc>>,
+    transaction_count: AtomicUsize,
+}
+
+impl Bank {
+    /// Create an Bank using a deposit.
+    pub fn new_from_deposit(deposit: &Payment) -> Self {
+        let balances = RwLock::new(HashMap::new());
+        apply_payment(&balances, deposit);
+        Bank {
+            balances,
+            pending: RwLock::new(HashMap::new()),
+            last_ids: RwLock::new(VecDeque::new()),
+            time_sources: RwLock::new(HashSet::new()),
+            last_time: RwLock::new(Utc.timestamp(0, 0)),
+            transaction_count: AtomicUsize::new(0),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Create an Bank with only a Mint. Typically used by unit tests.
+    pub fn new(mint: &Mint) -> Self {
+        let deposit = Payment {
+            to: mint.pubkey(),
+            tokens: mint.tokens,
+        };
+        let bank = Self::new_from_deposit(&deposit);
+        bank.register_entry_id(&mint.last_id());
+        bank
+    }
+
+    /// Return the last entry ID registered
+    pub fn last_id(&self) -> Hash {
+        let last_ids = self.last_ids.read().expect("'last_ids' read lock");
+        let last_item = last_ids.iter().last().expect("empty 'last_ids' list");
+        last_item.0
+    }
+
+    fn reserve_signature(signatures: &RwLock<HashSet<Signature>>, sig: &Signature) -> bool {
+        if signatures
+            .read()
+            .expect("'signatures' read lock")
+            .contains(sig)
+        {
+            return false;
+        }
+        signatures
+            .write()
+            .expect("'signatures' write lock")
+            .insert(*sig);
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn forget_signature(signatures: &RwLock<HashSet<Signature>>, sig: &Signature) -> bool {
+        signatures
+            .write()
+            .expect("'signatures' write lock in forget_signature")
+            .remove(sig)
+    }
+
+    fn forget_signature_with_last_id(&self, sig: &Signature, last_id: &Hash) -> bool {
+        if let Some(entry) = self.last_ids
+            .read()
+            .expect("'last_ids' read lock in forget_signature_with_last_id")
+            .iter()
+            .rev()
+            .find(|x| x.0 == *last_id)
+        {
+            return Self::forget_signature(&entry.1, sig);
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    fn reserve_signature_with_last_id(&self, sig: &Signature, last_id: &Hash) -> bool {
+        if let Some(entry) = self.last_ids
+            .read()
+            .expect("'last_ids' read lock in reserve_signature_with_last_id")
+            .iter()
+            .rev()
+            .find(|x| x.0 == *last_id)
+        {
+            return Self::reserve_signature(&entry.1, sig);
+        }
+        false
+    }
+
+    /// Tell the bank which Entry IDs exist on the ledger. This function
+    /// assumes subsequent calls correspond to later entries, and will boot
+    /// the oldest ones once its internal cache is full. Once boot, the
+    /// bank will reject transactions using that `last_id`.
+    pub fn register_entry_id(&self, last_id: &Hash) {
+        let mut last_ids = self.last_ids
+            .write()
+            .expect("'last_ids' write lock in register_entry_id");
+        if last_ids.len() >= MAX_ENTRY_IDS {
+            last_ids.pop_front();
+        }
+        last_ids.push_back((*last_id, RwLock::new(HashSet::new())));
+    }
+
+    /// Deduct tokens from the 'from' address the account has sufficient
+    /// funds and isn't a duplicate.
+    pub fn process_verified_transaction_debits(&self, tr: &Transaction) -> Result<()> {
+        if let Instruction::NewContract(contract) = &tr.instruction {
+            trace!("Transaction {}", contract.tokens);
+        }
+        let bals = self.balances
+            .read()
+            .expect("'balances' read lock in process_verified_transaction_debits");
+        let option = bals.get(&tr.from);
+
+        if option.is_none() {
+            return Err(BankError::AccountNotFound(tr.from));
+        }
+
+        if !self.reserve_signature_with_last_id(&tr.sig, &tr.last_id) {
+            return Err(BankError::InvalidTransferSignature(tr.sig));
+        }
+
+        loop {
+            let result = if let Instruction::NewContract(contract) = &tr.instruction {
+                let bal = option.expect("assignment of option to bal");
+                let current = bal.load(Ordering::Relaxed) as i64;
+
+                if current < contract.tokens {
+                    self.forget_signature_with_last_id(&tr.sig, &tr.last_id);
+                    return Err(BankError::InsufficientFunds(tr.from));
+                }
+
+                bal.compare_exchange(
+                    current as isize,
+                    (current - contract.tokens) as isize,
+                    Ordering::Relaxed,
+                    Ordering::Relaxed,
+                )
+            } else {
+                Ok(0)
+            };
+
+            match result {
+                Ok(_) => {
+                    self.transaction_count.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
+                    return Ok(());
+                }
+                Err(_) => continue,
+            };
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn process_verified_transaction_credits(&self, tr: &Transaction) {
+        match &tr.instruction {
+            Instruction::NewContract(contract) => {
+                let mut plan = contract.plan.clone();
+                plan.apply_witness(&Witness::Timestamp(*self.last_time
+                    .read()
+                    .expect("timestamp creation in process_verified_transaction_credits")));
+
+                if let Some(ref payment) = plan.final_payment() {
+                    apply_payment(&self.balances, payment);
+                } else {
+                    let mut pending = self.pending
+                        .write()
+                        .expect("'pending' write lock in process_verified_transaction_credits");
+                    pending.insert(tr.sig, plan);
+                }
+            }
+            Instruction::ApplyTimestamp(dt) => {
+                let _ = self.process_verified_timestamp(tr.from, *dt);
+            }
+            Instruction::ApplySignature(tx_sig) => {
+                let _ = self.process_verified_sig(tr.from, *tx_sig);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Process a Transaction that has already been verified.
+    pub fn process_verified_transaction(&self, tr: &Transaction) -> Result<()> {
+        self.process_verified_transaction_debits(tr)?;
+        self.process_verified_transaction_credits(tr);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Process a batch of verified transactions.
+    pub fn process_verified_transactions(&self, trs: Vec<Transaction>) -> Vec<Result<Transaction>> {
+        // Run all debits first to filter out any transactions that can't be processed
+        // in parallel deterministically.
+        info!("processing Transactions {}", trs.len());
+        let results: Vec<_> = trs.into_par_iter()
+            .map(|tr| self.process_verified_transaction_debits(&tr).map(|_| tr))
+            .collect(); // Calling collect() here forces all debits to complete before moving on.
+
+        results
+            .into_par_iter()
+            .map(|result| {
+                result.map(|tr| {
+                    self.process_verified_transaction_credits(&tr);
+                    tr
+                })
+            })
+            .collect()
+    }
+
+    fn partition_events(events: Vec<Event>) -> (Vec<Transaction>, Vec<Event>) {
+        (
+            events
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|Event::Transaction(tr)| tr)
+                .collect(),
+            vec![],
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn process_verified_events(&self, events: Vec<Event>) -> Vec<Result<Event>> {
+        let (trs, rest) = Self::partition_events(events);
+        let mut results: Vec<_> = self.process_verified_transactions(trs)
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|x| x.map(Event::Transaction))
+            .collect();
+
+        for event in rest {
+            results.push(self.process_verified_event(event));
+        }
+
+        results
+    }
+
+    pub fn process_verified_entries(&self, entries: Vec<Entry>) -> Result<()> {
+        for entry in entries {
+            self.register_entry_id(&entry.id);
+            for result in self.process_verified_events(entry.events) {
+                result?;
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Process a Witness Signature that has already been verified.
+    fn process_verified_sig(&self, from: PublicKey, tx_sig: Signature) -> Result<()> {
+        if let Occupied(mut e) = self.pending
+            .write()
+            .expect("write() in process_verified_sig")
+            .entry(tx_sig)
+        {
+            e.get_mut().apply_witness(&Witness::Signature(from));
+            if let Some(payment) = e.get().final_payment() {
+                apply_payment(&self.balances, &payment);
+                e.remove_entry();
+            }
+        };
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Process a Witness Timestamp that has already been verified.
+    fn process_verified_timestamp(&self, from: PublicKey, dt: DateTime<Utc>) -> Result<()> {
+        // If this is the first timestamp we've seen, it probably came from the genesis block,
+        // so we'll trust it.
+        if *self.last_time
+            .read()
+            .expect("'last_time' read lock on first timestamp check")
+            == Utc.timestamp(0, 0)
+        {
+            self.time_sources
+                .write()
+                .expect("'time_sources' write lock on first timestamp")
+                .insert(from);
+        }
+
+        if self.time_sources
+            .read()
+            .expect("'time_sources' read lock")
+            .contains(&from)
+        {
+            if dt > *self.last_time.read().expect("'last_time' read lock") {
+                *self.last_time.write().expect("'last_time' write lock") = dt;
+            }
+        } else {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        // Check to see if any timelocked transactions can be completed.
+        let mut completed = vec![];
+
+        // Hold 'pending' write lock until the end of this function. Otherwise another thread can
+        // double-spend if it enters before the modified plan is removed from 'pending'.
+        let mut pending = self.pending
+            .write()
+            .expect("'pending' write lock in process_verified_timestamp");
+        for (key, plan) in pending.iter_mut() {
+            plan.apply_witness(&Witness::Timestamp(*self.last_time
+                .read()
+                .expect("'last_time' read lock when creating timestamp")));
+            if let Some(ref payment) = plan.final_payment() {
+                apply_payment(&self.balances, payment);
+                completed.push(key.clone());
+            }
+        }
+
+        for key in completed {
+            pending.remove(&key);
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Process an Transaction or Witness that has already been verified.
+    pub fn process_verified_event(&self, event: Event) -> Result<Event> {
+        match event {
+            Event::Transaction(ref tr) => self.process_verified_transaction(tr),
+        }?;
+        Ok(event)
+    }
+
+    /// Create, sign, and process a Transaction from `keypair` to `to` of
+    /// `n` tokens where `last_id` is the last Entry ID observed by the client.
+    pub fn transfer(
+        &self,
+        n: i64,
+        keypair: &KeyPair,
+        to: PublicKey,
+        last_id: Hash,
+    ) -> Result<Signature> {
+        let tr = Transaction::new(keypair, to, n, last_id);
+        let sig = tr.sig;
+        self.process_verified_transaction(&tr).map(|_| sig)
+    }
+
+    /// Create, sign, and process a postdated Transaction from `keypair`
+    /// to `to` of `n` tokens on `dt` where `last_id` is the last Entry ID
+    /// observed by the client.
+    pub fn transfer_on_date(
+        &self,
+        n: i64,
+        keypair: &KeyPair,
+        to: PublicKey,
+        dt: DateTime<Utc>,
+        last_id: Hash,
+    ) -> Result<Signature> {
+        let tr = Transaction::new_on_date(keypair, to, dt, n, last_id);
+        let sig = tr.sig;
+        self.process_verified_transaction(&tr).map(|_| sig)
+    }
+
+    pub fn get_balance(&self, pubkey: &PublicKey) -> Option<i64> {
+        let bals = self.balances
+            .read()
+            .expect("'balances' read lock in get_balance");
+        bals.get(pubkey).map(|x| x.load(Ordering::Relaxed) as i64)
+    }
+
+    pub fn transaction_count(&self) -> usize {
+        self.transaction_count.load(Ordering::Relaxed)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use bincode::serialize;
+    use hash::hash;
+    use signature::KeyPairUtil;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_bank() {
+        let mint = Mint::new(10_000);
+        let pubkey = KeyPair::new().pubkey();
+        let bank = Bank::new(&mint);
+        assert_eq!(bank.last_id(), mint.last_id());
+
+        bank.transfer(1_000, &mint.keypair(), pubkey, mint.last_id())
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(bank.get_balance(&pubkey).unwrap(), 1_000);
+
+        bank.transfer(500, &mint.keypair(), pubkey, mint.last_id())
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(bank.get_balance(&pubkey).unwrap(), 1_500);
+        assert_eq!(bank.transaction_count(), 2);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_account_not_found() {
+        let mint = Mint::new(1);
+        let bank = Bank::new(&mint);
+        let keypair = KeyPair::new();
+        assert_eq!(
+            bank.transfer(1, &keypair, mint.pubkey(), mint.last_id()),
+            Err(BankError::AccountNotFound(keypair.pubkey()))
+        );
+        assert_eq!(bank.transaction_count(), 0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_invalid_transfer() {
+        let mint = Mint::new(11_000);
+        let bank = Bank::new(&mint);
+        let pubkey = KeyPair::new().pubkey();
+        bank.transfer(1_000, &mint.keypair(), pubkey, mint.last_id())
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(bank.transaction_count(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(
+            bank.transfer(10_001, &mint.keypair(), pubkey, mint.last_id()),
+            Err(BankError::InsufficientFunds(mint.pubkey()))
+        );
+        assert_eq!(bank.transaction_count(), 1);
+
+        let mint_pubkey = mint.keypair().pubkey();
+        assert_eq!(bank.get_balance(&mint_pubkey).unwrap(), 10_000);
+        assert_eq!(bank.get_balance(&pubkey).unwrap(), 1_000);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_transfer_to_newb() {
+        let mint = Mint::new(10_000);
+        let bank = Bank::new(&mint);
+        let pubkey = KeyPair::new().pubkey();
+        bank.transfer(500, &mint.keypair(), pubkey, mint.last_id())
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(bank.get_balance(&pubkey).unwrap(), 500);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_transfer_on_date() {
+        let mint = Mint::new(1);
+        let bank = Bank::new(&mint);
+        let pubkey = KeyPair::new().pubkey();
+        let dt = Utc::now();
+        bank.transfer_on_date(1, &mint.keypair(), pubkey, dt, mint.last_id())
+            .unwrap();
+
+        // Mint's balance will be zero because all funds are locked up.
+        assert_eq!(bank.get_balance(&mint.pubkey()), Some(0));
+
+        // tx count is 1, because debits were applied.
+        assert_eq!(bank.transaction_count(), 1);
+
+        // pubkey's balance will be None because the funds have not been
+        // sent.
+        assert_eq!(bank.get_balance(&pubkey), None);
+
+        // Now, acknowledge the time in the condition occurred and
+        // that pubkey's funds are now available.
+        bank.process_verified_timestamp(mint.pubkey(), dt).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(bank.get_balance(&pubkey), Some(1));
+
+        // tx count is still 1, because we chose not to count timestamp events
+        // tx count.
+        assert_eq!(bank.transaction_count(), 1);
+
+        bank.process_verified_timestamp(mint.pubkey(), dt).unwrap(); // <-- Attack! Attempt to process completed transaction.
+        assert_ne!(bank.get_balance(&pubkey), Some(2));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_transfer_after_date() {
+        let mint = Mint::new(1);
+        let bank = Bank::new(&mint);
+        let pubkey = KeyPair::new().pubkey();
+        let dt = Utc::now();
+        bank.process_verified_timestamp(mint.pubkey(), dt).unwrap();
+
+        // It's now past now, so this transfer should be processed immediately.
+        bank.transfer_on_date(1, &mint.keypair(), pubkey, dt, mint.last_id())
+            .unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(bank.get_balance(&mint.pubkey()), Some(0));
+        assert_eq!(bank.get_balance(&pubkey), Some(1));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_cancel_transfer() {
+        let mint = Mint::new(1);
+        let bank = Bank::new(&mint);
+        let pubkey = KeyPair::new().pubkey();
+        let dt = Utc::now();
+        let sig = bank.transfer_on_date(1, &mint.keypair(), pubkey, dt, mint.last_id())
+            .unwrap();
+
+        // Assert the debit counts as a transaction.
+        assert_eq!(bank.transaction_count(), 1);
+
+        // Mint's balance will be zero because all funds are locked up.
+        assert_eq!(bank.get_balance(&mint.pubkey()), Some(0));
+
+        // pubkey's balance will be None because the funds have not been
+        // sent.
+        assert_eq!(bank.get_balance(&pubkey), None);
+
+        // Now, cancel the trancaction. Mint gets her funds back, pubkey never sees them.
+        bank.process_verified_sig(mint.pubkey(), sig).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(bank.get_balance(&mint.pubkey()), Some(1));
+        assert_eq!(bank.get_balance(&pubkey), None);
+
+        // Assert cancel doesn't cause count to go backward.
+        assert_eq!(bank.transaction_count(), 1);
+
+        bank.process_verified_sig(mint.pubkey(), sig).unwrap(); // <-- Attack! Attempt to cancel completed transaction.
+        assert_ne!(bank.get_balance(&mint.pubkey()), Some(2));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_duplicate_event_signature() {
+        let mint = Mint::new(1);
+        let bank = Bank::new(&mint);
+        let sig = Signature::default();
+        assert!(bank.reserve_signature_with_last_id(&sig, &mint.last_id()));
+        assert!(!bank.reserve_signature_with_last_id(&sig, &mint.last_id()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_forget_signature() {
+        let mint = Mint::new(1);
+        let bank = Bank::new(&mint);
+        let sig = Signature::default();
+        bank.reserve_signature_with_last_id(&sig, &mint.last_id());
+        assert!(bank.forget_signature_with_last_id(&sig, &mint.last_id()));
+        assert!(!bank.forget_signature_with_last_id(&sig, &mint.last_id()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_max_entry_ids() {
+        let mint = Mint::new(1);
+        let bank = Bank::new(&mint);
+        let sig = Signature::default();
+        for i in 0..MAX_ENTRY_IDS {
+            let last_id = hash(&serialize(&i).unwrap()); // Unique hash
+            bank.register_entry_id(&last_id);
+        }
+        // Assert we're no longer able to use the oldest entry ID.
+        assert!(!bank.reserve_signature_with_last_id(&sig, &mint.last_id()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_debits_before_credits() {
+        let mint = Mint::new(2);
+        let bank = Bank::new(&mint);
+        let keypair = KeyPair::new();
+        let tr0 = Transaction::new(&mint.keypair(), keypair.pubkey(), 2, mint.last_id());
+        let tr1 = Transaction::new(&keypair, mint.pubkey(), 1, mint.last_id());
+        let trs = vec![tr0, tr1];
+        let results = bank.process_verified_transactions(trs);
+        assert!(results[1].is_err());
+
+        // Assert bad transactions aren't counted.
+        assert_eq!(bank.transaction_count(), 1);
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(feature = "unstable", test))]
+mod bench {
+    extern crate test;
+    use self::test::Bencher;
+    use bank::*;
+    use bincode::serialize;
+    use hash::hash;
+    use signature::KeyPairUtil;
+
+    #[bench]
+    fn process_verified_event_bench(bencher: &mut Bencher) {
+        let mint = Mint::new(100_000_000);
+        let bank = Bank::new(&mint);
+        // Create transactions between unrelated parties.
+        let transactions: Vec<_> = (0..4096)
+            .into_par_iter()
+            .map(|i| {
+                // Seed the 'from' account.
+                let rando0 = KeyPair::new();
+                let tr = Transaction::new(&mint.keypair(), rando0.pubkey(), 1_000, mint.last_id());
+                bank.process_verified_transaction(&tr).unwrap();
+
+                // Seed the 'to' account and a cell for its signature.
+                let last_id = hash(&serialize(&i).unwrap()); // Unique hash
+                bank.register_entry_id(&last_id);
+
+                let rando1 = KeyPair::new();
+                let tr = Transaction::new(&rando0, rando1.pubkey(), 1, last_id);
+                bank.process_verified_transaction(&tr).unwrap();
+
+                // Finally, return a transaction that's unique
+                Transaction::new(&rando0, rando1.pubkey(), 1, last_id)
+            })
+            .collect();
+        bencher.iter(|| {
+            // Since benchmarker runs this multiple times, we need to clear the signatures.
+            for sigs in bank.last_ids.read().unwrap().iter() {
+                sigs.1.write().unwrap().clear();
+            }
+
+            assert!(
+                bank.process_verified_transactions(transactions.clone())
+                    .iter()
+                    .all(|x| x.is_ok())
+            );
+        });
+    }
+}

src/banking_stage.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,308 @@
+//! The `banking_stage` processes Event messages.
+
+use bank::Bank;
+use bincode::deserialize;
+use event::Event;
+use packet;
+use packet::SharedPackets;
+use rayon::prelude::*;
+use record_stage::Signal;
+use result::Result;
+use std::net::SocketAddr;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+use std::sync::mpsc::{channel, Receiver, Sender};
+use std::thread::{spawn, JoinHandle};
+use std::time::Duration;
+use std::time::Instant;
+use timing;
+
+pub struct BankingStage {
+    pub thread_hdl: JoinHandle<()>,
+    pub signal_receiver: Receiver<Signal>,
+}
+
+impl BankingStage {
+    pub fn new(
+        bank: Arc<Bank>,
+        exit: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+        verified_receiver: Receiver<Vec<(SharedPackets, Vec<u8>)>>,
+        packet_recycler: packet::PacketRecycler,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let (signal_sender, signal_receiver) = channel();
+        let thread_hdl = spawn(move || loop {
+            let e = Self::process_packets(
+                bank.clone(),
+                &verified_receiver,
+                &signal_sender,
+                &packet_recycler,
+            );
+            if e.is_err() {
+                if exit.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        });
+        BankingStage {
+            thread_hdl,
+            signal_receiver,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn deserialize_events(p: &packet::Packets) -> Vec<Option<(Event, SocketAddr)>> {
+        p.packets
+            .par_iter()
+            .map(|x| {
+                deserialize(&x.data[0..x.meta.size])
+                    .map(|req| (req, x.meta.addr()))
+                    .ok()
+            })
+            .collect()
+    }
+
+    fn process_packets(
+        bank: Arc<Bank>,
+        verified_receiver: &Receiver<Vec<(SharedPackets, Vec<u8>)>>,
+        signal_sender: &Sender<Signal>,
+        packet_recycler: &packet::PacketRecycler,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        let timer = Duration::new(1, 0);
+        let recv_start = Instant::now();
+        let mms = verified_receiver.recv_timeout(timer)?;
+        let mut reqs_len = 0;
+        let mms_len = mms.len();
+        info!(
+            "@{:?} process start stalled for: {:?}ms batches: {}",
+            timing::timestamp(),
+            timing::duration_as_ms(&recv_start.elapsed()),
+            mms.len(),
+        );
+        let proc_start = Instant::now();
+        for (msgs, vers) in mms {
+            let events = Self::deserialize_events(&msgs.read().unwrap());
+            reqs_len += events.len();
+            let events = events
+                .into_iter()
+                .zip(vers)
+                .filter_map(|(event, ver)| match event {
+                    None => None,
+                    Some((event, _addr)) => if event.verify() && ver != 0 {
+                        Some(event)
+                    } else {
+                        None
+                    },
+                })
+                .collect();
+
+            debug!("process_events");
+            let results = bank.process_verified_events(events);
+            let events = results.into_iter().filter_map(|x| x.ok()).collect();
+            signal_sender.send(Signal::Events(events))?;
+            debug!("done process_events");
+
+            packet_recycler.recycle(msgs);
+        }
+        let total_time_s = timing::duration_as_s(&proc_start.elapsed());
+        let total_time_ms = timing::duration_as_ms(&proc_start.elapsed());
+        info!(
+            "@{:?} done processing event batches: {} time: {:?}ms reqs: {} reqs/s: {}",
+            timing::timestamp(),
+            mms_len,
+            total_time_ms,
+            reqs_len,
+            (reqs_len as f32) / (total_time_s)
+        );
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+// TODO: When banking is pulled out of RequestStage, add this test back in.
+
+//use bank::Bank;
+//use entry::Entry;
+//use event::Event;
+//use hash::Hash;
+//use record_stage::RecordStage;
+//use record_stage::Signal;
+//use result::Result;
+//use std::sync::mpsc::{channel, Sender};
+//use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+//use std::time::Duration;
+//
+//#[cfg(test)]
+//mod tests {
+//    use bank::Bank;
+//    use event::Event;
+//    use event_processor::EventProcessor;
+//    use mint::Mint;
+//    use signature::{KeyPair, KeyPairUtil};
+//    use transaction::Transaction;
+//
+//    #[test]
+//    // TODO: Move this test banking_stage. Calling process_events() directly
+//    // defeats the purpose of this test.
+//    fn test_banking_sequential_consistency() {
+//        // In this attack we'll demonstrate that a verifier can interpret the ledger
+//        // differently if either the server doesn't signal the ledger to add an
+//        // Entry OR if the verifier tries to parallelize across multiple Entries.
+//        let mint = Mint::new(2);
+//        let bank = Bank::new(&mint);
+//        let event_processor = EventProcessor::new(bank, &mint.last_id(), None);
+//
+//        // Process a batch that includes a transaction that receives two tokens.
+//        let alice = KeyPair::new();
+//        let tr = Transaction::new(&mint.keypair(), alice.pubkey(), 2, mint.last_id());
+//        let events = vec![Event::Transaction(tr)];
+//        let entry0 = event_processor.process_events(events).unwrap();
+//
+//        // Process a second batch that spends one of those tokens.
+//        let tr = Transaction::new(&alice, mint.pubkey(), 1, mint.last_id());
+//        let events = vec![Event::Transaction(tr)];
+//        let entry1 = event_processor.process_events(events).unwrap();
+//
+//        // Collect the ledger and feed it to a new bank.
+//        let entries = vec![entry0, entry1];
+//
+//        // Assert the user holds one token, not two. If the server only output one
+//        // entry, then the second transaction will be rejected, because it drives
+//        // the account balance below zero before the credit is added.
+//        let bank = Bank::new(&mint);
+//        for entry in entries {
+//            assert!(
+//                bank
+//                    .process_verified_events(entry.events)
+//                    .into_iter()
+//                    .all(|x| x.is_ok())
+//            );
+//        }
+//        assert_eq!(bank.get_balance(&alice.pubkey()), Some(1));
+//    }
+//}
+//
+//#[cfg(all(feature = "unstable", test))]
+//mod bench {
+//    extern crate test;
+//    use self::test::Bencher;
+//    use bank::{Bank, MAX_ENTRY_IDS};
+//    use bincode::serialize;
+//    use event_processor::*;
+//    use hash::hash;
+//    use mint::Mint;
+//    use rayon::prelude::*;
+//    use signature::{KeyPair, KeyPairUtil};
+//    use std::collections::HashSet;
+//    use std::time::Instant;
+//    use transaction::Transaction;
+//
+//    #[bench]
+//    fn process_events_bench(_bencher: &mut Bencher) {
+//        let mint = Mint::new(100_000_000);
+//        let bank = Bank::new(&mint);
+//        // Create transactions between unrelated parties.
+//        let txs = 100_000;
+//        let last_ids: Mutex<HashSet<Hash>> = Mutex::new(HashSet::new());
+//        let transactions: Vec<_> = (0..txs)
+//            .into_par_iter()
+//            .map(|i| {
+//                // Seed the 'to' account and a cell for its signature.
+//                let dummy_id = i % (MAX_ENTRY_IDS as i32);
+//                let last_id = hash(&serialize(&dummy_id).unwrap()); // Semi-unique hash
+//                {
+//                    let mut last_ids = last_ids.lock().unwrap();
+//                    if !last_ids.contains(&last_id) {
+//                        last_ids.insert(last_id);
+//                        bank.register_entry_id(&last_id);
+//                    }
+//                }
+//
+//                // Seed the 'from' account.
+//                let rando0 = KeyPair::new();
+//                let tr = Transaction::new(&mint.keypair(), rando0.pubkey(), 1_000, last_id);
+//                bank.process_verified_transaction(&tr).unwrap();
+//
+//                let rando1 = KeyPair::new();
+//                let tr = Transaction::new(&rando0, rando1.pubkey(), 2, last_id);
+//                bank.process_verified_transaction(&tr).unwrap();
+//
+//                // Finally, return a transaction that's unique
+//                Transaction::new(&rando0, rando1.pubkey(), 1, last_id)
+//            })
+//            .collect();
+//
+//        let events: Vec<_> = transactions
+//            .into_iter()
+//            .map(|tr| Event::Transaction(tr))
+//            .collect();
+//
+//        let event_processor = EventProcessor::new(bank, &mint.last_id(), None);
+//
+//        let now = Instant::now();
+//        assert!(event_processor.process_events(events).is_ok());
+//        let duration = now.elapsed();
+//        let sec = duration.as_secs() as f64 + duration.subsec_nanos() as f64 / 1_000_000_000.0;
+//        let tps = txs as f64 / sec;
+//
+//        // Ensure that all transactions were successfully logged.
+//        drop(event_processor.historian_input);
+//        let entries: Vec<Entry> = event_processor.output.lock().unwrap().iter().collect();
+//        assert_eq!(entries.len(), 1);
+//        assert_eq!(entries[0].events.len(), txs as usize);
+//
+//        println!("{} tps", tps);
+//    }
+//}
+
+#[cfg(all(feature = "unstable", test))]
+mod bench {
+    extern crate test;
+    use self::test::Bencher;
+    use bank::*;
+    use banking_stage::BankingStage;
+    use event::Event;
+    use mint::Mint;
+    use packet::{to_packets, PacketRecycler};
+    use record_stage::Signal;
+    use signature::{KeyPair, KeyPairUtil};
+    use std::iter;
+    use std::sync::Arc;
+    use std::sync::mpsc::channel;
+
+    #[bench]
+    fn stage_bench(bencher: &mut Bencher) {
+        let tx = 100_usize;
+        let mint = Mint::new(1_000_000_000);
+        let pubkey = KeyPair::new().pubkey();
+
+        let events: Vec<_> = (0..tx)
+            .map(|i| Event::new_transaction(&mint.keypair(), pubkey, i as i64, mint.last_id()))
+            .collect();
+
+        let (verified_sender, verified_receiver) = channel();
+        let (signal_sender, signal_receiver) = channel();
+        let packet_recycler = PacketRecycler::default();
+        let verified: Vec<_> = to_packets(&packet_recycler, events)
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|x| {
+                let len = (*x).read().unwrap().packets.len();
+                (x, iter::repeat(1).take(len).collect())
+            })
+            .collect();
+
+        bencher.iter(move || {
+            let bank = Arc::new(Bank::new(&mint));
+            verified_sender.send(verified.clone()).unwrap();
+            BankingStage::process_packets(
+                bank.clone(),
+                &verified_receiver,
+                &signal_sender,
+                &packet_recycler,
+            ).unwrap();
+            let signal = signal_receiver.recv().unwrap();
+            if let Signal::Events(ref events) = signal {
+                assert_eq!(events.len(), tx);
+            } else {
+                assert!(false);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+}

src/bin/client-demo.rs

@@ -4,22 +4,22 @@ extern crate isatty;
 extern crate rayon;
 extern crate serde_json;
 extern crate solana;
-extern crate untrusted;
 
 use futures::Future;
 use getopts::Options;
 use isatty::stdin_isatty;
 use rayon::prelude::*;
-use solana::accountant_stub::AccountantStub;
 use solana::mint::MintDemo;
-use solana::signature::{KeyPair, KeyPairUtil};
+use solana::signature::{GenKeys, KeyPairUtil};
+use solana::thin_client::ThinClient;
 use solana::transaction::Transaction;
 use std::env;
 use std::io::{stdin, Read};
-use std::net::UdpSocket;
+use std::net::{SocketAddr, UdpSocket};
 use std::process::exit;
+use std::thread::sleep;
+use std::time::Duration;
 use std::time::Instant;
-use untrusted::Input;
 
 fn print_usage(program: &str, opts: Options) {
     let mut brief = format!("Usage: cat <mint.json> | {} [options]\n\n", program);
@@ -32,13 +32,13 @@ fn print_usage(program: &str, opts: Options) {
 
 fn main() {
     let mut threads = 4usize;
-    let mut addr: String = "127.0.0.1:8000".to_string();
+    let mut server_addr: String = "127.0.0.1:8000".to_string();
-    let mut send_addr: String = "127.0.0.1:8001".to_string();
+    let mut requests_addr: String = "127.0.0.1:8010".to_string();
 
     let mut opts = Options::new();
     opts.optopt("s", "", "server address", "host:port");
     opts.optopt("c", "", "client address", "host:port");
-    opts.optopt("t", "", "number of threads", "4");
+    opts.optopt("t", "", "number of threads", &format!("{}", threads));
     opts.optflag("h", "help", "print help");
     let args: Vec<String> = env::args().collect();
     let matches = match opts.parse(&args[1..]) {
@@ -55,15 +55,19 @@ fn main() {
         return;
     }
     if matches.opt_present("s") {
-        addr = matches.opt_str("s").unwrap();
+        server_addr = matches.opt_str("s").unwrap();
     }
     if matches.opt_present("c") {
-        send_addr = matches.opt_str("c").unwrap();
+        requests_addr = matches.opt_str("c").unwrap();
     }
     if matches.opt_present("t") {
         threads = matches.opt_str("t").unwrap().parse().expect("integer");
     }
 
+    let mut events_addr: SocketAddr = requests_addr.parse().unwrap();
+    let requests_port = events_addr.port();
+    events_addr.set_port(requests_port + 1);
+
     if stdin_isatty() {
         eprintln!("nothing found on stdin, expected a json file");
         exit(1);
@@ -82,18 +86,32 @@ fn main() {
         exit(1);
     });
 
-    let socket = UdpSocket::bind(&send_addr).unwrap();
+    println!("Binding to {}", requests_addr);
-    let mut acc = AccountantStub::new(&addr, socket);
+    let requests_socket = UdpSocket::bind(&requests_addr).unwrap();
+    requests_socket
+        .set_read_timeout(Some(Duration::new(5, 0)))
+        .unwrap();
+    let events_socket = UdpSocket::bind(&events_addr).unwrap();
+    let requests_addr: SocketAddr = server_addr.parse().unwrap();
+    let requests_port = requests_addr.port();
+    let mut events_server_addr = requests_addr.clone();
+    events_server_addr.set_port(requests_port + 3);
+    let mut client = ThinClient::new(
+        requests_addr,
+        requests_socket,
+        events_server_addr,
+        events_socket,
+    );
 
     println!("Get last ID...");
-    let last_id = acc.get_last_id().wait().unwrap();
+    let last_id = client.get_last_id().wait().unwrap();
+    println!("Got last ID {:?}", last_id);
+
+    let rnd = GenKeys::new(demo.mint.keypair().public_key_bytes());
 
     println!("Creating keypairs...");
-    let txs = demo.users.len() / 2;
+    let txs = demo.num_accounts / 2;
-    let keypairs: Vec<_> = demo.users
+    let keypairs = rnd.gen_n_keypairs(demo.num_accounts);
-        .into_par_iter()
-        .map(|(pkcs8, _)| KeyPair::from_pkcs8(Input::from(&pkcs8)).unwrap())
-        .collect();
     let keypair_pairs: Vec<_> = keypairs.chunks(2).collect();
 
     println!("Signing transactions...");
@@ -102,7 +120,7 @@ fn main() {
         .into_par_iter()
         .map(|chunk| Transaction::new(&chunk[0], chunk[1].pubkey(), 1, last_id))
         .collect();
-    let duration = now.elapsed();
+    let mut duration = now.elapsed();
     let ns = duration.as_secs() * 1_000_000_000 + u64::from(duration.subsec_nanos());
     let bsps = txs as f64 / ns as f64;
     let nsps = ns as f64 / txs as f64;
@@ -112,32 +130,46 @@ fn main() {
         nsps / 1_000_f64
     );
 
-    let initial_tx_count = acc.transaction_count();
+    let initial_tx_count = client.transaction_count();
+    println!("initial count {}", initial_tx_count);
 
     println!("Transfering {} transactions in {} batches", txs, threads);
     let now = Instant::now();
     let sz = transactions.len() / threads;
     let chunks: Vec<_> = transactions.chunks(sz).collect();
     chunks.into_par_iter().for_each(|trs| {
-        println!("Transferring 1 unit {} times...", trs.len());
+        println!("Transferring 1 unit {} times... to", trs.len());
-        let send_addr = "0.0.0.0:0";
+        let requests_addr: SocketAddr = server_addr.parse().unwrap();
-        let socket = UdpSocket::bind(send_addr).unwrap();
+        let mut requests_cb_addr = requests_addr.clone();
-        let acc = AccountantStub::new(&addr, socket);
+        requests_cb_addr.set_port(0);
+        let requests_socket = UdpSocket::bind(requests_cb_addr).unwrap();
+        requests_socket
+            .set_read_timeout(Some(Duration::new(5, 0)))
+            .unwrap();
+        let mut events_addr: SocketAddr = requests_addr.clone();
+        events_addr.set_port(0);
+        let events_socket = UdpSocket::bind(&events_addr).unwrap();
+        let client = ThinClient::new(
+            requests_addr,
+            requests_socket,
+            events_server_addr,
+            events_socket,
+        );
         for tr in trs {
-            acc.transfer_signed(tr.clone()).unwrap();
+            client.transfer_signed(tr.clone()).unwrap();
         }
     });
 
-    println!("Waiting for half the transactions to complete...",);
+    println!("Waiting for transactions to complete...",);
-    let mut tx_count = acc.transaction_count();
+    let mut tx_count;
-    while tx_count < transactions.len() as u64 / 2 {
+    for _ in 0..10 {
-        tx_count = acc.transaction_count();
+        tx_count = client.transaction_count();
+        duration = now.elapsed();
+        let txs = tx_count - initial_tx_count;
+        println!("Transactions processed {}", txs);
+        let ns = duration.as_secs() * 1_000_000_000 + u64::from(duration.subsec_nanos());
+        let tps = (txs * 1_000_000_000) as f64 / ns as f64;
+        println!("{} tps", tps);
+        sleep(Duration::new(1, 0));
     }
-    let txs = tx_count - initial_tx_count;
-    println!("Transactions processed {}", txs);
-
-    let duration = now.elapsed();
-    let ns = duration.as_secs() * 1_000_000_000 + u64::from(duration.subsec_nanos());
-    let tps = (txs * 1_000_000_000) as f64 / ns as f64;
-    println!("Done. {} tps", tps);
 }

src/bin/genesis-demo.rs

@@ -1,21 +1,17 @@
 extern crate isatty;
 extern crate rayon;
-extern crate ring;
 extern crate serde_json;
 extern crate solana;
-extern crate untrusted;
 
 use isatty::stdin_isatty;
 use rayon::prelude::*;
-use solana::accountant::MAX_ENTRY_IDS;
+use solana::bank::MAX_ENTRY_IDS;
-use solana::entry::{create_entry, next_tick};
+use solana::entry::{next_entry, Entry};
 use solana::event::Event;
 use solana::mint::MintDemo;
-use solana::signature::{KeyPair, KeyPairUtil};
+use solana::signature::{GenKeys, KeyPairUtil};
-use solana::transaction::Transaction;
 use std::io::{stdin, Read};
 use std::process::exit;
-use untrusted::Input;
 
 // Generate a ledger with lots and lots of accounts.
 fn main() {
@@ -36,17 +32,21 @@ fn main() {
         exit(1);
     });
 
-    let num_accounts = demo.users.len();
+    let rnd = GenKeys::new(demo.mint.keypair().public_key_bytes());
-    let last_id = demo.mint.last_id();
+    let num_accounts = demo.num_accounts;
+    let tokens_per_user = 1_000;
+
+    let keypairs = rnd.gen_n_keypairs(num_accounts);
+
     let mint_keypair = demo.mint.keypair();
+    let last_id = demo.mint.last_id();
 
     eprintln!("Signing {} transactions...", num_accounts);
-    let events: Vec<_> = demo.users
+    let events: Vec<_> = keypairs
         .into_par_iter()
-        .map(|(pkcs8, tokens)| {
+        .map(|rando| {
-            let rando = KeyPair::from_pkcs8(Input::from(&pkcs8)).unwrap();
+            let last_id = demo.mint.last_id();
-            let tr = Transaction::new(&mint_keypair, rando.pubkey(), tokens, last_id);
+            Event::new_transaction(&mint_keypair, rando.pubkey(), tokens_per_user, last_id)
-            Event::Transaction(tr)
         })
         .collect();
 
@@ -55,14 +55,14 @@ fn main() {
     }
 
     eprintln!("Logging the creation of {} accounts...", num_accounts);
-    let entry = create_entry(&last_id, 0, events);
+    let entry = Entry::new(&last_id, 0, events);
     println!("{}", serde_json::to_string(&entry).unwrap());
 
     eprintln!("Creating {} empty entries...", MAX_ENTRY_IDS);
     // Offer client lots of entry IDs to use for each transaction's last_id.
     let mut last_id = last_id;
     for _ in 0..MAX_ENTRY_IDS {
-        let entry = next_tick(&last_id, 1);
+        let entry = next_entry(&last_id, 1, vec![]);
         last_id = entry.id;
         let serialized = serde_json::to_string(&entry).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
             eprintln!("failed to serialize: {}", e);

src/bin/historian-demo.rs

@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-extern crate solana;
-
-use solana::entry::Entry;
-use solana::event::Event;
-use solana::hash::Hash;
-use solana::historian::Historian;
-use solana::ledger::Block;
-use solana::recorder::Signal;
-use solana::signature::{KeyPair, KeyPairUtil};
-use solana::transaction::Transaction;
-use std::sync::mpsc::SendError;
-use std::thread::sleep;
-use std::time::Duration;
-
-fn create_ledger(hist: &Historian, seed: &Hash) -> Result<(), SendError<Signal>> {
-    sleep(Duration::from_millis(15));
-    let keypair = KeyPair::new();
-    let tr = Transaction::new(&keypair, keypair.pubkey(), 42, *seed);
-    let signal0 = Signal::Event(Event::Transaction(tr));
-    hist.sender.send(signal0)?;
-    sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));
-    Ok(())
-}
-
-fn main() {
-    let seed = Hash::default();
-    let hist = Historian::new(&seed, Some(10));
-    create_ledger(&hist, &seed).expect("send error");
-    drop(hist.sender);
-    let entries: Vec<Entry> = hist.receiver.iter().collect();
-    for entry in &entries {
-        println!("{:?}", entry);
-    }
-    // Proof-of-History: Verify the historian learned about the events
-    // in the same order they appear in the vector.
-    assert!(entries[..].verify(&seed));
-}

src/bin/mint-demo.rs

@@ -3,10 +3,7 @@ extern crate ring;
 extern crate serde_json;
 extern crate solana;
 
-use rayon::prelude::*;
-use ring::rand::SystemRandom;
 use solana::mint::{Mint, MintDemo};
-use solana::signature::KeyPair;
 use std::io;
 
 fn main() {
@@ -18,16 +15,7 @@ fn main() {
     let mint = Mint::new(tokens);
     let tokens_per_user = 1_000;
     let num_accounts = tokens / tokens_per_user;
-    let rnd = SystemRandom::new();
 
-    let users: Vec<_> = (0..num_accounts)
+    let demo = MintDemo { mint, num_accounts };
-        .into_par_iter()
-        .map(|_| {
-            let pkcs8 = KeyPair::generate_pkcs8(&rnd).unwrap().to_vec();
-            (pkcs8, tokens_per_user)
-        })
-        .collect();
-
-    let demo = MintDemo { mint, users };
     println!("{}", serde_json::to_string(&demo).unwrap());
 }

src/bin/multinode-demo.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+extern crate futures;
+extern crate getopts;
+extern crate isatty;
+extern crate rayon;
+extern crate serde_json;
+extern crate solana;
+
+use futures::Future;
+use getopts::Options;
+use isatty::stdin_isatty;
+use rayon::prelude::*;
+use solana::crdt::{Crdt, ReplicatedData};
+use solana::mint::MintDemo;
+use solana::signature::{GenKeys, KeyPair, KeyPairUtil};
+use solana::streamer::default_window;
+use solana::thin_client::ThinClient;
+use solana::transaction::Transaction;
+use std::env;
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::io::{stdin, Read};
+use std::net::{SocketAddr, UdpSocket};
+use std::process::exit;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
+use std::thread::JoinHandle;
+use std::thread::sleep;
+use std::time::Duration;
+use std::time::Instant;
+
+fn print_usage(program: &str, opts: Options) {
+    let mut brief = format!("Usage: cat <mint.json> | {} [options]\n\n", program);
+    brief += "  Solana client demo creates a number of transactions and\n";
+    brief += "  sends them to a target node.";
+    brief += "  Takes json formatted mint file to stdin.";
+
+    print!("{}", opts.usage(&brief));
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let mut threads = 4usize;
+    let mut num_nodes = 10usize;
+    let mut leader = "leader.json".to_string();
+
+    let mut opts = Options::new();
+    opts.optopt("l", "", "leader", "leader.json");
+    opts.optopt("c", "", "client address", "host:port");
+    opts.optopt("t", "", "number of threads", &format!("{}", threads));
+    opts.optopt(
+        "n",
+        "",
+        "number of nodes to converge to",
+        &format!("{}", num_nodes),
+    );
+    opts.optflag("h", "help", "print help");
+    let args: Vec<String> = env::args().collect();
+    let matches = match opts.parse(&args[1..]) {
+        Ok(m) => m,
+        Err(e) => {
+            eprintln!("{}", e);
+            exit(1);
+        }
+    };
+
+    if matches.opt_present("h") {
+        let program = args[0].clone();
+        print_usage(&program, opts);
+        return;
+    }
+    if matches.opt_present("l") {
+        leader = matches.opt_str("l").unwrap();
+    }
+    let client_addr: Arc<RwLock<SocketAddr>> = if matches.opt_present("c") {
+        let addr = matches.opt_str("c").unwrap().parse().unwrap();
+        Arc::new(RwLock::new(addr))
+    } else {
+        Arc::new(RwLock::new("127.0.0.1:8010".parse().unwrap()))
+    };
+    if matches.opt_present("t") {
+        threads = matches.opt_str("t").unwrap().parse().expect("integer");
+    }
+    if matches.opt_present("n") {
+        num_nodes = matches.opt_str("n").unwrap().parse().expect("integer");
+    }
+
+    let leader: ReplicatedData = read_leader(leader);
+    let signal = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
+    let mut c_threads = vec![];
+    let validators = converge(
+        &client_addr,
+        &leader,
+        signal.clone(),
+        num_nodes + 2,
+        &mut c_threads,
+    );
+
+    if stdin_isatty() {
+        eprintln!("nothing found on stdin, expected a json file");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    let mut buffer = String::new();
+    let num_bytes = stdin().read_to_string(&mut buffer).unwrap();
+    if num_bytes == 0 {
+        eprintln!("empty file on stdin, expected a json file");
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    println!("Parsing stdin...");
+    let demo: MintDemo = serde_json::from_str(&buffer).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+        eprintln!("failed to parse json: {}", e);
+        exit(1);
+    });
+    let mut client = mk_client(&client_addr, &leader);
+
+    println!("Get last ID...");
+    let last_id = client.get_last_id().wait().unwrap();
+    println!("Got last ID {:?}", last_id);
+
+    let rnd = GenKeys::new(demo.mint.keypair().public_key_bytes());
+
+    println!("Creating keypairs...");
+    let txs = demo.num_accounts / 2;
+    let keypairs = rnd.gen_n_keypairs(demo.num_accounts);
+    let keypair_pairs: Vec<_> = keypairs.chunks(2).collect();
+
+    println!("Signing transactions...");
+    let now = Instant::now();
+    let transactions: Vec<_> = keypair_pairs
+        .into_par_iter()
+        .map(|chunk| Transaction::new(&chunk[0], chunk[1].pubkey(), 1, last_id))
+        .collect();
+    let duration = now.elapsed();
+    let ns = duration.as_secs() * 1_000_000_000 + u64::from(duration.subsec_nanos());
+    let bsps = txs as f64 / ns as f64;
+    let nsps = ns as f64 / txs as f64;
+    println!(
+        "Done. {} thousand signatures per second, {}us per signature",
+        bsps * 1_000_000_f64,
+        nsps / 1_000_f64
+    );
+
+    let first_count = client.transaction_count();
+    println!("initial count {}", first_count);
+
+    println!("Transfering {} transactions in {} batches", txs, threads);
+    let sz = transactions.len() / threads;
+    let chunks: Vec<_> = transactions.chunks(sz).collect();
+    chunks.into_par_iter().for_each(|trs| {
+        println!("Transferring 1 unit {} times... to", trs.len());
+        let client = mk_client(&client_addr, &leader);
+        for tr in trs {
+            client.transfer_signed(tr.clone()).unwrap();
+        }
+    });
+
+    println!("Sampling tps every second...",);
+    validators.into_par_iter().for_each(|val| {
+        let mut client = mk_client(&client_addr, &val);
+        let mut now = Instant::now();
+        let mut initial_tx_count = client.transaction_count();
+        for i in 0..100 {
+            let tx_count = client.transaction_count();
+            let duration = now.elapsed();
+            now = Instant::now();
+            let sample = tx_count - initial_tx_count;
+            initial_tx_count = tx_count;
+            println!("{}: Transactions processed {}", val.events_addr, sample);
+            let ns = duration.as_secs() * 1_000_000_000 + u64::from(duration.subsec_nanos());
+            let tps = (sample * 1_000_000_000) as f64 / ns as f64;
+            println!("{}: {} tps", val.events_addr, tps);
+            let total = tx_count - first_count;
+            println!(
+                "{}: Total Transactions processed {}",
+                val.events_addr, total
+            );
+            if total == transactions.len() as u64 {
+                break;
+            }
+            if i > 20 && sample == 0 {
+                break;
+            }
+            sleep(Duration::new(1, 0));
+        }
+    });
+    signal.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+    for t in c_threads {
+        t.join().unwrap();
+    }
+}
+
+fn mk_client(locked_addr: &Arc<RwLock<SocketAddr>>, r: &ReplicatedData) -> ThinClient {
+    let mut addr = locked_addr.write().unwrap();
+    let port = addr.port();
+    let events_socket = UdpSocket::bind(addr.clone()).unwrap();
+    addr.set_port(port + 1);
+    let requests_socket = UdpSocket::bind(addr.clone()).unwrap();
+    addr.set_port(port + 2);
+    ThinClient::new(
+        r.requests_addr,
+        requests_socket,
+        r.events_addr,
+        events_socket,
+    )
+}
+
+fn spy_node(client_addr: &Arc<RwLock<SocketAddr>>) -> (ReplicatedData, UdpSocket) {
+    let mut addr = client_addr.write().unwrap();
+    let port = addr.port();
+    let gossip = UdpSocket::bind(addr.clone()).unwrap();
+    addr.set_port(port + 1);
+    let daddr = "0.0.0.0:0".parse().unwrap();
+    let pubkey = KeyPair::new().pubkey();
+    let node = ReplicatedData::new(pubkey, gossip.local_addr().unwrap(), daddr, daddr, daddr);
+    (node, gossip)
+}
+
+fn converge(
+    client_addr: &Arc<RwLock<SocketAddr>>,
+    leader: &ReplicatedData,
+    exit: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    num_nodes: usize,
+    threads: &mut Vec<JoinHandle<()>>,
+) -> Vec<ReplicatedData> {
+    //lets spy on the network
+    let daddr = "0.0.0.0:0".parse().unwrap();
+    let (spy, spy_gossip) = spy_node(client_addr);
+    let mut spy_crdt = Crdt::new(spy);
+    spy_crdt.insert(&leader);
+    spy_crdt.set_leader(leader.id);
+
+    let spy_ref = Arc::new(RwLock::new(spy_crdt));
+    let spy_window = default_window();
+    let t_spy_listen = Crdt::listen(spy_ref.clone(), spy_window, spy_gossip, exit.clone());
+    let t_spy_gossip = Crdt::gossip(spy_ref.clone(), exit.clone());
+    //wait for the network to converge
+    for _ in 0..30 {
+        let min = spy_ref.read().unwrap().convergence();
+        if num_nodes as u64 == min {
+            println!("converged!");
+            break;
+        }
+        sleep(Duration::new(1, 0));
+    }
+    threads.push(t_spy_listen);
+    threads.push(t_spy_gossip);
+    let v: Vec<ReplicatedData> = spy_ref
+        .read()
+        .unwrap()
+        .table
+        .values()
+        .into_iter()
+        .filter(|x| x.requests_addr != daddr)
+        .map(|x| x.clone())
+        .collect();
+    v.clone()
+}
+
+fn read_leader(path: String) -> ReplicatedData {
+    let file = File::open(path).expect("file");
+    serde_json::from_reader(file).expect("parse")
+}

src/bin/testnode.rs

@@ -1,21 +1,28 @@
 extern crate env_logger;
 extern crate getopts;
 extern crate isatty;
+extern crate pnet;
 extern crate serde_json;
 extern crate solana;
 
 use getopts::Options;
 use isatty::stdin_isatty;
-use solana::accountant::Accountant;
+use pnet::datalink;
-use solana::accountant_skel::AccountantSkel;
+use solana::bank::Bank;
+use solana::crdt::ReplicatedData;
 use solana::entry::Entry;
 use solana::event::Event;
-use solana::historian::Historian;
+use solana::server::Server;
+use solana::signature::{KeyPair, KeyPairUtil};
+use solana::transaction::Instruction;
 use std::env;
+use std::fs::File;
 use std::io::{stdin, stdout, Read};
+use std::net::{IpAddr, SocketAddr, UdpSocket};
 use std::process::exit;
+use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool;
-use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+use std::time::Duration;
 
 fn print_usage(program: &str, opts: Options) {
     let mut brief = format!("Usage: cat <transaction.log> | {} [options]\n\n", program);
@@ -28,10 +35,17 @@ fn print_usage(program: &str, opts: Options) {
 
 fn main() {
     env_logger::init().unwrap();
-    let mut port = 8000u16;
     let mut opts = Options::new();
-    opts.optopt("p", "", "port", "port");
+    opts.optopt("b", "", "bind", "bind to port or address");
+    opts.optflag("d", "dyn", "detect network address dynamically");
+    opts.optopt("s", "", "save", "save my identity to path.json");
     opts.optflag("h", "help", "print help");
+    opts.optopt(
+        "v",
+        "",
+        "validator",
+        "run as replicate with path to leader.json",
+    );
     let args: Vec<String> = env::args().collect();
     let matches = match opts.parse(&args[1..]) {
         Ok(m) => m,
@@ -45,11 +59,14 @@ fn main() {
         print_usage(&program, opts);
         return;
     }
-    if matches.opt_present("p") {
+    let bind_addr: SocketAddr = {
-        port = matches.opt_str("p").unwrap().parse().expect("port");
+        let mut bind_addr = parse_port_or_addr(matches.opt_str("b"));
-    }
+        if matches.opt_present("d") {
-    let addr = format!("0.0.0.0:{}", port);
+            let ip = get_ip_addr().unwrap();
-
+            bind_addr.set_ip(ip);
+        }
+        bind_addr
+    };
     if stdin_isatty() {
         eprintln!("nothing found on stdin, expected a log file");
         exit(1);
@@ -70,6 +87,8 @@ fn main() {
         })
     });
 
+    eprintln!("done parsing...");
+
     // The first item in the ledger is required to be an entry with zero num_hashes,
     // which implies its id can be used as the ledger's seed.
     let entry0 = entries.next().unwrap();
@@ -78,34 +97,141 @@ fn main() {
     // fields are the same. That entry should be treated as a deposit, not a
     // transfer to oneself.
     let entry1: Entry = entries.next().unwrap();
-    let deposit = if let Event::Transaction(ref tr) = entry1.events[0] {
+    let Event::Transaction(ref tr) = entry1.events[0];
-        tr.data.plan.final_payment()
+    let deposit = if let Instruction::NewContract(contract) = &tr.instruction {
+        contract.plan.final_payment()
     } else {
         None
     };
 
-    let acc = Accountant::new_from_deposit(&deposit.unwrap());
+    eprintln!("creating bank...");
-    acc.register_entry_id(&entry0.id);
+
-    acc.register_entry_id(&entry1.id);
+    let bank = Bank::new_from_deposit(&deposit.unwrap());
+    bank.register_entry_id(&entry0.id);
+    bank.register_entry_id(&entry1.id);
+
+    eprintln!("processing entries...");
 
     let mut last_id = entry1.id;
     for entry in entries {
         last_id = entry.id;
-        acc.process_verified_events(entry.events).unwrap();
+        let results = bank.process_verified_events(entry.events);
-        acc.register_entry_id(&last_id);
+        for result in results {
+            if let Err(e) = result {
+                eprintln!("failed to process event {:?}", e);
+                exit(1);
+            }
+        }
+        bank.register_entry_id(&last_id);
     }
 
-    let historian = Historian::new(&last_id, Some(1000));
+    eprintln!("creating networking stack...");
+
     let exit = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
-    let skel = Arc::new(Mutex::new(AccountantSkel::new(
+    // we need all the receiving sockets to be bound within the expected
-        acc,
+    // port range that we open on aws
-        last_id,
+    let mut repl_data = make_repl_data(&bind_addr);
-        stdout(),
+    let threads = if matches.opt_present("v") {
-        historian,
+        eprintln!("starting validator... {}", repl_data.requests_addr);
-    )));
+        let path = matches.opt_str("v").unwrap();
-    let threads = AccountantSkel::serve(&skel, &addr, exit.clone()).unwrap();
+        let file = File::open(path).expect("file");
-    eprintln!("Ready. Listening on {}", addr);
+        let leader = serde_json::from_reader(file).expect("parse");
+        let s = Server::new_validator(
+            bank,
+            repl_data.clone(),
+            UdpSocket::bind(repl_data.requests_addr).unwrap(),
+            UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0").unwrap(),
+            UdpSocket::bind(repl_data.replicate_addr).unwrap(),
+            UdpSocket::bind(repl_data.gossip_addr).unwrap(),
+            leader,
+            exit.clone(),
+        );
+        s.thread_hdls
+    } else {
+        eprintln!("starting leader... {}", repl_data.requests_addr);
+        repl_data.current_leader_id = repl_data.id.clone();
+        let server = Server::new_leader(
+            bank,
+            last_id,
+            Some(Duration::from_millis(1000)),
+            repl_data.clone(),
+            UdpSocket::bind(repl_data.requests_addr).unwrap(),
+            UdpSocket::bind(repl_data.events_addr).unwrap(),
+            UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0").unwrap(),
+            UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0").unwrap(),
+            UdpSocket::bind(repl_data.gossip_addr).unwrap(),
+            exit.clone(),
+            stdout(),
+        );
+        server.thread_hdls
+    };
+    if matches.opt_present("s") {
+        let path = matches.opt_str("s").unwrap();
+        let file = File::create(path).expect("file");
+        serde_json::to_writer(file, &repl_data).expect("serialize");
+    }
+    eprintln!("Ready. Listening on {}", bind_addr);
+
     for t in threads {
         t.join().expect("join");
     }
 }
+
+fn next_port(server_addr: &SocketAddr, nxt: u16) -> SocketAddr {
+    let mut gossip_addr = server_addr.clone();
+    gossip_addr.set_port(server_addr.port() + nxt);
+    gossip_addr
+}
+
+fn make_repl_data(bind_addr: &SocketAddr) -> ReplicatedData {
+    let events_addr = bind_addr.clone();
+    let gossip_addr = next_port(&bind_addr, 1);
+    let replicate_addr = next_port(&bind_addr, 2);
+    let requests_addr = next_port(&bind_addr, 3);
+    let pubkey = KeyPair::new().pubkey();
+    ReplicatedData::new(
+        pubkey,
+        gossip_addr,
+        replicate_addr,
+        requests_addr,
+        events_addr,
+    )
+}
+
+fn parse_port_or_addr(optstr: Option<String>) -> SocketAddr {
+    let daddr: SocketAddr = "0.0.0.0:8000".parse().expect("default socket address");
+    if let Some(addrstr) = optstr {
+        if let Ok(port) = addrstr.parse() {
+            let mut addr = daddr.clone();
+            addr.set_port(port);
+            addr
+        } else if let Ok(addr) = addrstr.parse() {
+            addr
+        } else {
+            daddr
+        }
+    } else {
+        daddr
+    }
+}
+
+fn get_ip_addr() -> Option<IpAddr> {
+    for iface in datalink::interfaces() {
+        for p in iface.ips {
+            if !p.ip().is_loopback() && !p.ip().is_multicast() {
+                return Some(p.ip());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    None
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_parse_port_or_addr() {
+    let p1 = parse_port_or_addr(Some("9000".to_string()));
+    assert_eq!(p1.port(), 9000);
+    let p2 = parse_port_or_addr(Some("127.0.0.1:7000".to_string()));
+    assert_eq!(p2.port(), 7000);
+    let p3 = parse_port_or_addr(None);
+    assert_eq!(p3.port(), 8000);
+}

src/crdt.rs

@@ -1,16 +1,27 @@
 //! The `crdt` module defines a data structure that is shared by all the nodes in the network over
-//! a gossip control plane.  The goal is to share small bits of of-chain information and detect and
+//! a gossip control plane.  The goal is to share small bits of off-chain information and detect and
 //! repair partitions.
 //!
 //! This CRDT only supports a very limited set of types.  A map of PublicKey -> Versioned Struct.
-//! The last version is always picked durring an update.
+//! The last version is always picked during an update.
+//!
+//! The network is arranged in layers:
+//!
+//! * layer 0 - Leader.
+//! * layer 1 - As many nodes as we can fit
+//! * layer 2 - Everyone else, if layer 1 is `2^10`, layer 2 should be able to fit `2^20` number of nodes.
+//!
+//! Bank needs to provide an interface for us to query the stake weight
 
 use bincode::{deserialize, serialize};
 use byteorder::{LittleEndian, ReadBytesExt};
 use hash::Hash;
-use result::Result;
+use packet::SharedBlob;
+use rayon::prelude::*;
+use result::{Error, Result};
 use ring::rand::{SecureRandom, SystemRandom};
 use signature::{PublicKey, Signature};
+use std;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::io::Cursor;
 use std::net::{SocketAddr, UdpSocket};
@@ -20,20 +31,22 @@ use std::thread::{sleep, spawn, JoinHandle};
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 /// Structure to be replicated by the network
-#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone)]
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Debug)]
 pub struct ReplicatedData {
-    id: PublicKey,
+    pub id: PublicKey,
     sig: Signature,
     /// should always be increasing
     version: u64,
     /// address to connect to for gossip
-    gossip_addr: SocketAddr,
+    pub gossip_addr: SocketAddr,
     /// address to connect to for replication
-    replicate_addr: SocketAddr,
+    pub replicate_addr: SocketAddr,
     /// address to connect to when this node is leader
-    lead_addr: SocketAddr,
+    pub requests_addr: SocketAddr,
+    /// events address
+    pub events_addr: SocketAddr,
     /// current leader identity
-    current_leader_id: PublicKey,
+    pub current_leader_id: PublicKey,
     /// last verified hash that was submitted to the leader
     last_verified_hash: Hash,
     /// last verified count, always increasing
@@ -41,15 +54,21 @@ pub struct ReplicatedData {
 }
 
 impl ReplicatedData {
-    pub fn new(id: PublicKey, gossip_addr: SocketAddr) -> ReplicatedData {
+    pub fn new(
-        let daddr = "0.0.0.0:0".parse().unwrap();
+        id: PublicKey,
+        gossip_addr: SocketAddr,
+        replicate_addr: SocketAddr,
+        requests_addr: SocketAddr,
+        events_addr: SocketAddr,
+    ) -> ReplicatedData {
         ReplicatedData {
             id,
             sig: Signature::default(),
             version: 0,
             gossip_addr,
-            replicate_addr: daddr,
+            replicate_addr,
-            lead_addr: daddr,
+            requests_addr,
+            events_addr,
             current_leader_id: PublicKey::default(),
             last_verified_hash: Hash::default(),
             last_verified_count: 0,
@@ -69,17 +88,17 @@ impl ReplicatedData {
 /// * `listen` - listen for requests and responses
 /// No attempt to keep track of timeouts or dropped requests is made, or should be.
 pub struct Crdt {
-    table: HashMap<PublicKey, ReplicatedData>,
+    pub table: HashMap<PublicKey, ReplicatedData>,
     /// Value of my update index when entry in table was updated.
     /// Nodes will ask for updates since `update_index`, and this node
     /// should respond with all the identities that are greater then the
     /// request's `update_index` in this list
     local: HashMap<PublicKey, u64>,
-    /// The value of the remote update index that i have last seen
+    /// The value of the remote update index that I have last seen
     /// This Node will ask external nodes for updates since the value in this list
-    remote: HashMap<PublicKey, u64>,
+    pub remote: HashMap<PublicKey, u64>,
-    update_index: u64,
+    pub update_index: u64,
-    me: PublicKey,
+    pub me: PublicKey,
     timeout: Duration,
 }
 // TODO These messages should be signed, and go through the gpu pipeline for spam filtering
@@ -92,6 +111,8 @@ enum Protocol {
     //TODO might need a since?
     /// from id, form's last update index, ReplicatedData
     ReceiveUpdates(PublicKey, u64, Vec<ReplicatedData>),
+    /// ask for a missing index
+    RequestWindowIndex(ReplicatedData, u64),
 }
 
 impl Crdt {
@@ -103,38 +124,198 @@ impl Crdt {
             remote: HashMap::new(),
             me: me.id,
             update_index: 1,
-            timeout: Duration::new(0, 100_000),
+            timeout: Duration::from_millis(100),
         };
         g.local.insert(me.id, g.update_index);
         g.table.insert(me.id, me);
         g
     }
-    pub fn import(&mut self, v: &ReplicatedData) {
+    pub fn my_data(&self) -> &ReplicatedData {
-        // TODO check that last_verified types are always increasing
+        &self.table[&self.me]
-        // TODO probably an error or attack
-        if self.me != v.id {
-            self.insert(v);
-        }
     }
+    pub fn leader_data(&self) -> &ReplicatedData {
+        &self.table[&self.table[&self.me].current_leader_id]
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_leader(&mut self, key: PublicKey) -> () {
+        let mut me = self.my_data().clone();
+        me.current_leader_id = key;
+        me.version += 1;
+        self.insert(&me);
+    }
+
     pub fn insert(&mut self, v: &ReplicatedData) {
+        // TODO check that last_verified types are always increasing
         if self.table.get(&v.id).is_none() || (v.version > self.table[&v.id].version) {
+            //somehow we signed a message for our own identity with a higher version that
+            // we have stored ourselves
+            trace!("me: {:?}", self.me[0]);
+            trace!("v.id: {:?}", v.id[0]);
             trace!("insert! {}", v.version);
             self.update_index += 1;
-            let _ = self.table.insert(v.id, v.clone());
+            let _ = self.table.insert(v.id.clone(), v.clone());
             let _ = self.local.insert(v.id, self.update_index);
         } else {
-            trace!("INSERT FAILED {}", v.version);
+            trace!(
+                "INSERT FAILED new.version: {} me.version: {}",
+                v.version,
+                self.table[&v.id].version
+            );
         }
     }
+
+    /// broadcast messages from the leader to layer 1 nodes
+    /// # Remarks
+    /// We need to avoid having obj locked while doing any io, such as the `send_to`
+    pub fn broadcast(
+        obj: &Arc<RwLock<Self>>,
+        blobs: &Vec<SharedBlob>,
+        s: &UdpSocket,
+        transmit_index: &mut u64,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        let (me, table): (ReplicatedData, Vec<ReplicatedData>) = {
+            // copy to avoid locking during IO
+            let robj = obj.read().expect("'obj' read lock in pub fn broadcast");
+            trace!("broadcast table {}", robj.table.len());
+            let cloned_table: Vec<ReplicatedData> = robj.table.values().cloned().collect();
+            (robj.table[&robj.me].clone(), cloned_table)
+        };
+        let daddr = "0.0.0.0:0".parse().unwrap();
+        let nodes: Vec<&ReplicatedData> = table
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|v| {
+                if me.id == v.id {
+                    //filter myself
+                    false
+                } else if v.replicate_addr == daddr {
+                    //filter nodes that are not listening
+                    false
+                } else {
+                    trace!("broadcast node {}", v.replicate_addr);
+                    true
+                }
+            })
+            .collect();
+        if nodes.len() < 1 {
+            warn!("crdt too small");
+            return Err(Error::CrdtTooSmall);
+        }
+        trace!("nodes table {}", nodes.len());
+        trace!("blobs table {}", blobs.len());
+        // enumerate all the blobs, those are the indices
+        // transmit them to nodes, starting from a different node
+        let orders: Vec<_> = blobs
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .zip(
+                nodes
+                    .iter()
+                    .cycle()
+                    .skip((*transmit_index as usize) % nodes.len()),
+            )
+            .collect();
+        trace!("orders table {}", orders.len());
+        let errs: Vec<_> = orders
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|((i, b), v)| {
+                // only leader should be broadcasting
+                assert!(me.current_leader_id != v.id);
+                let mut blob = b.write().expect("'b' write lock in pub fn broadcast");
+                blob.set_id(me.id).expect("set_id in pub fn broadcast");
+                blob.set_index(*transmit_index + i as u64)
+                    .expect("set_index in pub fn broadcast");
+                //TODO profile this, may need multiple sockets for par_iter
+                trace!("broadcast {} to {}", blob.meta.size, v.replicate_addr);
+                let e = s.send_to(&blob.data[..blob.meta.size], &v.replicate_addr);
+                trace!("done broadcast {} to {}", blob.meta.size, v.replicate_addr);
+                e
+            })
+            .collect();
+        trace!("broadcast results {}", errs.len());
+        for e in errs {
+            match e {
+                Err(e) => {
+                    error!("broadcast result {:?}", e);
+                    return Err(Error::IO(e));
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            }
+            *transmit_index += 1;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// retransmit messages from the leader to layer 1 nodes
+    /// # Remarks
+    /// We need to avoid having obj locked while doing any io, such as the `send_to`
+    pub fn retransmit(obj: &Arc<RwLock<Self>>, blob: &SharedBlob, s: &UdpSocket) -> Result<()> {
+        let (me, table): (ReplicatedData, Vec<ReplicatedData>) = {
+            // copy to avoid locking during IO
+            let s = obj.read().expect("'obj' read lock in pub fn retransmit");
+            (s.table[&s.me].clone(), s.table.values().cloned().collect())
+        };
+        blob.write()
+            .unwrap()
+            .set_id(me.id)
+            .expect("set_id in pub fn retransmit");
+        let rblob = blob.read().unwrap();
+        let daddr = "0.0.0.0:0".parse().unwrap();
+        let orders: Vec<_> = table
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|v| {
+                if me.id == v.id {
+                    false
+                } else if me.current_leader_id == v.id {
+                    trace!("skip retransmit to leader {:?}", v.id);
+                    false
+                } else if v.replicate_addr == daddr {
+                    trace!("skip nodes that are not listening {:?}", v.id);
+                    false
+                } else {
+                    true
+                }
+            })
+            .collect();
+        let errs: Vec<_> = orders
+            .par_iter()
+            .map(|v| {
+                trace!(
+                    "retransmit blob {} to {}",
+                    rblob.get_index().unwrap(),
+                    v.replicate_addr
+                );
+                //TODO profile this, may need multiple sockets for par_iter
+                s.send_to(&rblob.data[..rblob.meta.size], &v.replicate_addr)
+            })
+            .collect();
+        for e in errs {
+            match e {
+                Err(e) => {
+                    info!("retransmit error {:?}", e);
+                    return Err(Error::IO(e));
+                }
+                _ => (),
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    // max number of nodes that we could be converged to
+    pub fn convergence(&self) -> u64 {
+        let max = self.remote.values().len() as u64 + 1;
+        self.remote.values().fold(max, |a, b| std::cmp::min(a, *b))
+    }
+
     fn random() -> u64 {
         let rnd = SystemRandom::new();
         let mut buf = [0u8; 8];
-        rnd.fill(&mut buf).unwrap();
+        rnd.fill(&mut buf).expect("rnd.fill in pub fn random");
         let mut rdr = Cursor::new(&buf);
-        rdr.read_u64::<LittleEndian>().unwrap()
+        rdr.read_u64::<LittleEndian>()
+            .expect("rdr.read_u64 in fn random")
     }
     fn get_updates_since(&self, v: u64) -> (PublicKey, u64, Vec<ReplicatedData>) {
-        trace!("get updates since {}", v);
+        //trace!("get updates since {}", v);
         let data = self.table
             .values()
             .filter(|x| self.local[&x.id] > v)
@@ -145,19 +326,36 @@ impl Crdt {
         (id, ups, data)
     }
 
+    pub fn window_index_request(&self, ix: u64) -> Result<(SocketAddr, Vec<u8>)> {
+        if self.table.len() <= 1 {
+            return Err(Error::CrdtTooSmall);
+        }
+        let mut n = (Self::random() as usize) % self.table.len();
+        while self.table.values().nth(n).unwrap().id == self.me {
+            n = (Self::random() as usize) % self.table.len();
+        }
+        let addr = self.table.values().nth(n).unwrap().gossip_addr.clone();
+        let req = Protocol::RequestWindowIndex(self.table[&self.me].clone(), ix);
+        let out = serialize(&req)?;
+        Ok((addr, out))
+    }
+
     /// Create a random gossip request
     /// # Returns
-    /// (A,B,C)
+    /// (A,B)
-    /// * A - Remote gossip address
+    /// * A - Address to send to
-    /// * B - My gossip address
+    /// * B - RequestUpdates protocol message
-    /// * C - Remote update index to request updates since
+    fn gossip_request(&self) -> Result<(SocketAddr, Protocol)> {
-    fn gossip_request(&self) -> (SocketAddr, Protocol) {
+        let options: Vec<_> = self.table.values().filter(|v| v.id != self.me).collect();
-        let n = (Self::random() as usize) % self.table.len();
+        if options.len() < 1 {
-        trace!("random {:?} {}", &self.me[0..1], n);
+            trace!("crdt too small for gossip");
-        let v = self.table.values().nth(n).unwrap().clone();
+            return Err(Error::CrdtTooSmall);
+        }
+        let n = (Self::random() as usize) % options.len();
+        let v = options[n].clone();
         let remote_update_index = *self.remote.get(&v.id).unwrap_or(&0);
         let req = Protocol::RequestUpdates(remote_update_index, self.table[&self.me].clone());
-        (v.gossip_addr, req)
+        Ok((v.gossip_addr, req))
     }
 
     /// At random pick a node and try to get updated changes from them
@@ -167,11 +365,14 @@ impl Crdt {
 
         // Lock the object only to do this operation and not for any longer
         // especially not when doing the `sock.send_to`
-        let (remote_gossip_addr, req) = obj.read().unwrap().gossip_request();
+        let (remote_gossip_addr, req) = obj.read()
+            .expect("'obj' read lock in fn run_gossip")
+            .gossip_request()?;
         let sock = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0")?;
         // TODO this will get chatty, so we need to first ask for number of updates since
         // then only ask for specific data that we dont have
         let r = serialize(&req)?;
+        trace!("sending gossip request to {}", remote_gossip_addr);
         sock.send_to(&r, remote_gossip_addr)?;
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -186,7 +387,7 @@ impl Crdt {
         // TODO we need to punish/spam resist here
         // sig verify the whole update and slash anyone who sends a bad update
         for v in data {
-            self.import(&v);
+            self.insert(&v);
         }
         *self.remote.entry(from).or_insert(update_index) = update_index;
     }
@@ -199,14 +400,50 @@ impl Crdt {
                 return;
             }
             //TODO this should be a tuned parameter
-            sleep(obj.read().unwrap().timeout);
+            sleep(
+                obj.read()
+                    .expect("'obj' read lock in pub fn gossip")
+                    .timeout,
+            );
         })
     }
-
+    fn run_window_request(
+        window: &Arc<RwLock<Vec<Option<SharedBlob>>>>,
+        sock: &UdpSocket,
+        from: &ReplicatedData,
+        ix: u64,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        let pos = (ix as usize) % window.read().unwrap().len();
+        let mut outblob = vec![];
+        if let &Some(ref blob) = &window.read().unwrap()[pos] {
+            let rblob = blob.read().unwrap();
+            let blob_ix = rblob.get_index().expect("run_window_request get_index");
+            if blob_ix == ix {
+                // copy to avoid doing IO inside the lock
+                outblob.extend(&rblob.data[..rblob.meta.size]);
+            }
+        } else {
+            assert!(window.read().unwrap()[pos].is_none());
+            info!("failed RequestWindowIndex {} {}", ix, from.replicate_addr);
+        }
+        if outblob.len() > 0 {
+            info!(
+                "responding RequestWindowIndex {} {}",
+                ix, from.replicate_addr
+            );
+            sock.send_to(&outblob, from.replicate_addr)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
     /// Process messages from the network
-    fn run_listen(obj: &Arc<RwLock<Self>>, sock: &UdpSocket) -> Result<()> {
+    fn run_listen(
+        obj: &Arc<RwLock<Self>>,
+        window: &Arc<RwLock<Vec<Option<SharedBlob>>>>,
+        sock: &UdpSocket,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
         //TODO cache connections
         let mut buf = vec![0u8; 1024 * 64];
+        trace!("recv_from on {}", sock.local_addr().unwrap());
         let (amt, src) = sock.recv_from(&mut buf)?;
         trace!("got request from {}", src);
         buf.resize(amt, 0);
@@ -216,31 +453,59 @@ impl Crdt {
             Protocol::RequestUpdates(v, reqdata) => {
                 trace!("RequestUpdates {}", v);
                 let addr = reqdata.gossip_addr;
-                // only lock for this call, dont lock durring IO `sock.send_to` or `sock.recv_from`
+                // only lock for this call, dont lock during IO `sock.send_to` or `sock.recv_from`
-                let (from, ups, data) = obj.read().unwrap().get_updates_since(v);
+                let (from, ups, data) = obj.read()
+                    .expect("'obj' read lock in RequestUpdates")
+                    .get_updates_since(v);
                 trace!("get updates since response {} {}", v, data.len());
                 let rsp = serialize(&Protocol::ReceiveUpdates(from, ups, data))?;
                 trace!("send_to {}", addr);
                 //TODO verify reqdata belongs to sender
-                obj.write().unwrap().import(&reqdata);
+                obj.write()
-                sock.send_to(&rsp, addr).unwrap();
+                    .expect("'obj' write lock in RequestUpdates")
+                    .insert(&reqdata);
+                sock.send_to(&rsp, addr)
+                    .expect("'sock.send_to' in RequestUpdates");
                 trace!("send_to done!");
             }
             Protocol::ReceiveUpdates(from, ups, data) => {
                 trace!("ReceivedUpdates");
-                obj.write().unwrap().apply_updates(from, ups, &data);
+                obj.write()
+                    .expect("'obj' write lock in ReceiveUpdates")
+                    .apply_updates(from, ups, &data);
+            }
+            Protocol::RequestWindowIndex(from, ix) => {
+                //TODO verify from is signed
+                obj.write().unwrap().insert(&from);
+                let me = obj.read().unwrap().my_data().clone();
+                trace!(
+                    "received RequestWindowIndex {} {} myaddr {}",
+                    ix,
+                    from.replicate_addr,
+                    me.replicate_addr
+                );
+                assert_ne!(from.replicate_addr, me.replicate_addr);
+                let _ = Self::run_window_request(window, sock, &from, ix);
             }
         }
         Ok(())
     }
     pub fn listen(
         obj: Arc<RwLock<Self>>,
+        window: Arc<RwLock<Vec<Option<SharedBlob>>>>,
         sock: UdpSocket,
         exit: Arc<AtomicBool>,
     ) -> JoinHandle<()> {
-        sock.set_read_timeout(Some(Duration::new(2, 0))).unwrap();
+        sock.set_read_timeout(Some(Duration::new(2, 0)))
+            .expect("'sock.set_read_timeout' in crdt.rs");
         spawn(move || loop {
-            let _ = Self::run_listen(&obj, &sock);
+            let e = Self::run_listen(&obj, &window, &sock);
+            if e.is_err() {
+                info!(
+                    "run_listen timeout, table size: {}",
+                    obj.read().unwrap().table.len()
+                );
+            }
             if exit.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
                 return;
             }
@@ -249,8 +514,11 @@ impl Crdt {
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
-mod test {
+mod tests {
     use crdt::{Crdt, ReplicatedData};
+    use logger;
+    use packet::Blob;
+    use rayon::iter::*;
     use signature::KeyPair;
     use signature::KeyPairUtil;
     use std::net::UdpSocket;
@@ -259,6 +527,30 @@ mod test {
     use std::thread::{sleep, JoinHandle};
     use std::time::Duration;
 
+    fn test_node() -> (Crdt, UdpSocket, UdpSocket, UdpSocket) {
+        let gossip = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0").unwrap();
+        let replicate = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0").unwrap();
+        let serve = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0").unwrap();
+        let events = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0").unwrap();
+        let pubkey = KeyPair::new().pubkey();
+        let d = ReplicatedData::new(
+            pubkey,
+            gossip.local_addr().unwrap(),
+            replicate.local_addr().unwrap(),
+            serve.local_addr().unwrap(),
+            events.local_addr().unwrap(),
+        );
+        let crdt = Crdt::new(d);
+        trace!(
+            "id: {} gossip: {} replicate: {} serve: {}",
+            crdt.my_data().id[0],
+            gossip.local_addr().unwrap(),
+            replicate.local_addr().unwrap(),
+            serve.local_addr().unwrap(),
+        );
+        (crdt, gossip, replicate, serve)
+    }
+
     /// Test that the network converges.
     /// Run until every node in the network has a full ReplicatedData set.
     /// Check that nodes stop sending updates after all the ReplicatedData has been shared.
@@ -271,12 +563,10 @@ mod test {
         let exit = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
         let listen: Vec<_> = (0..num)
             .map(|_| {
-                let listener = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0").unwrap();
+                let (crdt, gossip, _, _) = test_node();
-                let pubkey = KeyPair::new().pubkey();
-                let d = ReplicatedData::new(pubkey, listener.local_addr().unwrap());
-                let crdt = Crdt::new(d);
                 let c = Arc::new(RwLock::new(crdt));
-                let l = Crdt::listen(c.clone(), listener, exit.clone());
+                let w = Arc::new(RwLock::new(vec![]));
+                let l = Crdt::listen(c.clone(), w, gossip, exit.clone());
                 (c, l)
             })
             .collect();
@@ -286,21 +576,16 @@ mod test {
             .map(|&(ref c, _)| Crdt::gossip(c.clone(), exit.clone()))
             .collect();
         let mut done = true;
-        for _ in 0..(num * 16) {
+        for i in 0..(num * 32) {
-            done = true;
+            done = false;
+            trace!("round {}", i);
             for &(ref c, _) in listen.iter() {
-                trace!(
+                if num == c.read().unwrap().convergence() as usize {
-                    "done updates {} {}",
+                    done = true;
-                    c.read().unwrap().table.len(),
+                    break;
-                    c.read().unwrap().update_index
-                );
-                //make sure the number of updates doesn't grow unbounded
-                assert!(c.read().unwrap().update_index <= num as u64);
-                //make sure we got all the updates
-                if c.read().unwrap().table.len() != num {
-                    done = false;
                 }
             }
+            //at least 1 node converged
             if done == true {
                 break;
             }
@@ -322,7 +607,9 @@ mod test {
     }
     /// ring a -> b -> c -> d -> e -> a
     #[test]
+    #[ignore]
     fn gossip_ring_test() {
+        logger::setup();
         run_gossip_topo(|listen| {
             let num = listen.len();
             for n in 0..num {
@@ -339,6 +626,7 @@ mod test {
 
     /// star (b,c,d,e) -> a
     #[test]
+    #[ignore]
     fn gossip_star_test() {
         run_gossip_topo(|listen| {
             let num = listen.len();
@@ -357,7 +645,13 @@ mod test {
     /// Test that insert drops messages that are older
     #[test]
     fn insert_test() {
-        let mut d = ReplicatedData::new(KeyPair::new().pubkey(), "127.0.0.1:1234".parse().unwrap());
+        let mut d = ReplicatedData::new(
+            KeyPair::new().pubkey(),
+            "127.0.0.1:1234".parse().unwrap(),
+            "127.0.0.1:1235".parse().unwrap(),
+            "127.0.0.1:1236".parse().unwrap(),
+            "127.0.0.1:1237".parse().unwrap(),
+        );
         assert_eq!(d.version, 0);
         let mut crdt = Crdt::new(d.clone());
         assert_eq!(crdt.table[&d.id].version, 0);
@@ -369,4 +663,76 @@ mod test {
         assert_eq!(crdt.table[&d.id].version, 2);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    #[ignore]
+    pub fn test_crdt_retransmit() {
+        logger::setup();
+        trace!("c1:");
+        let (mut c1, s1, r1, e1) = test_node();
+        trace!("c2:");
+        let (mut c2, s2, r2, _) = test_node();
+        trace!("c3:");
+        let (mut c3, s3, r3, _) = test_node();
+        let c1_id = c1.my_data().id;
+        c1.set_leader(c1_id);
+
+        c2.insert(&c1.my_data());
+        c3.insert(&c1.my_data());
+
+        c2.set_leader(c1.my_data().id);
+        c3.set_leader(c1.my_data().id);
+
+        let exit = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
+
+        // Create listen threads
+        let win1 = Arc::new(RwLock::new(vec![]));
+        let a1 = Arc::new(RwLock::new(c1));
+        let t1 = Crdt::listen(a1.clone(), win1, s1, exit.clone());
+
+        let a2 = Arc::new(RwLock::new(c2));
+        let win2 = Arc::new(RwLock::new(vec![]));
+        let t2 = Crdt::listen(a2.clone(), win2, s2, exit.clone());
+
+        let a3 = Arc::new(RwLock::new(c3));
+        let win3 = Arc::new(RwLock::new(vec![]));
+        let t3 = Crdt::listen(a3.clone(), win3, s3, exit.clone());
+
+        // Create gossip threads
+        let t1_gossip = Crdt::gossip(a1.clone(), exit.clone());
+        let t2_gossip = Crdt::gossip(a2.clone(), exit.clone());
+        let t3_gossip = Crdt::gossip(a3.clone(), exit.clone());
+
+        //wait to converge
+        trace!("waitng to converge:");
+        let mut done = false;
+        for _ in 0..30 {
+            done = a1.read().unwrap().table.len() == 3 && a2.read().unwrap().table.len() == 3
+                && a3.read().unwrap().table.len() == 3;
+            if done {
+                break;
+            }
+            sleep(Duration::new(1, 0));
+        }
+        assert!(done);
+        let mut b = Blob::default();
+        b.meta.size = 10;
+        Crdt::retransmit(&a1, &Arc::new(RwLock::new(b)), &e1).unwrap();
+        let res: Vec<_> = [r1, r2, r3]
+            .into_par_iter()
+            .map(|s| {
+                let mut b = Blob::default();
+                s.set_read_timeout(Some(Duration::new(1, 0))).unwrap();
+                let res = s.recv_from(&mut b.data);
+                res.is_err() //true if failed to receive the retransmit packet
+            })
+            .collect();
+        //true if failed receive the retransmit packet, r2, and r3 should succeed
+        //r1 was the sender, so it should fail to receive the packet
+        assert_eq!(res, [true, false, false]);
+        exit.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        let threads = vec![t1, t2, t3, t1_gossip, t2_gossip, t3_gossip];
+        for t in threads.into_iter() {
+            t.join().unwrap();
+        }
+    }
 }

src/ecdsa.rs

@@ -51,15 +51,22 @@ fn verify_packet(packet: &Packet) -> u8 {
     ).is_ok() as u8
 }
 
+fn batch_size(batches: &Vec<SharedPackets>) -> usize {
+    batches
+        .iter()
+        .map(|p| p.read().unwrap().packets.len())
+        .fold(0, |x, y| x + y)
+}
+
 #[cfg(not(feature = "cuda"))]
 pub fn ed25519_verify(batches: &Vec<SharedPackets>) -> Vec<Vec<u8>> {
     use rayon::prelude::*;
-
+    info!("CPU ECDSA for {}", batch_size(batches));
     batches
         .into_par_iter()
         .map(|p| {
             p.read()
-                .unwrap()
+                .expect("'p' read lock in ed25519_verify")
                 .packets
                 .par_iter()
                 .map(verify_packet)
@@ -72,13 +79,18 @@ pub fn ed25519_verify(batches: &Vec<SharedPackets>) -> Vec<Vec<u8>> {
 pub fn ed25519_verify(batches: &Vec<SharedPackets>) -> Vec<Vec<u8>> {
     use packet::PACKET_DATA_SIZE;
 
+    info!("CUDA ECDSA for {}", batch_size(batches));
     let mut out = Vec::new();
     let mut elems = Vec::new();
     let mut locks = Vec::new();
     let mut rvs = Vec::new();
 
     for packets in batches {
-        locks.push(packets.read().unwrap());
+        locks.push(
+            packets
+                .read()
+                .expect("'packets' read lock in pub fn ed25519_verify"),
+        );
     }
     let mut num = 0;
     for p in locks {
@@ -130,16 +142,25 @@ pub fn ed25519_verify(batches: &Vec<SharedPackets>) -> Vec<Vec<u8>> {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use accountant_skel::Request;
     use bincode::serialize;
     use ecdsa;
+    use event::Event;
     use packet::{Packet, Packets, SharedPackets};
     use std::sync::RwLock;
-    use transaction::test_tx;
     use transaction::Transaction;
+    use transaction::{memfind, test_tx};
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_layout() {
+        let tr = test_tx();
+        let tx = serialize(&tr).unwrap();
+        let packet = serialize(&Event::Transaction(tr)).unwrap();
+        assert_matches!(memfind(&packet, &tx), Some(ecdsa::TX_OFFSET));
+        assert_matches!(memfind(&packet, &[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]), None);
+    }
 
     fn make_packet_from_transaction(tr: Transaction) -> Packet {
-        let tx = serialize(&Request::Transaction(tr)).unwrap();
+        let tx = serialize(&Event::Transaction(tr)).unwrap();
         let mut packet = Packet::default();
         packet.meta.size = tx.len();
         packet.data[..packet.meta.size].copy_from_slice(&tx);

src/entry.rs

@@ -25,6 +25,25 @@ pub struct Entry {
 }
 
 impl Entry {
+    /// Creates the next Entry `num_hashes` after `start_hash`.
+    pub fn new(start_hash: &Hash, cur_hashes: u64, events: Vec<Event>) -> Self {
+        let num_hashes = cur_hashes + if events.is_empty() { 0 } else { 1 };
+        let id = next_hash(start_hash, 0, &events);
+        Entry {
+            num_hashes,
+            id,
+            events,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Creates the next Tick Entry `num_hashes` after `start_hash`.
+    pub fn new_mut(start_hash: &mut Hash, cur_hashes: &mut u64, events: Vec<Event>) -> Self {
+        let entry = Self::new(start_hash, *cur_hashes, events);
+        *start_hash = entry.id;
+        *cur_hashes = 0;
+        entry
+    }
+
     /// Creates a Entry from the number of hashes `num_hashes` since the previous event
     /// and that resulting `id`.
     pub fn new_tick(num_hashes: u64, id: &Hash) -> Self {
@@ -49,14 +68,6 @@ fn add_event_data(hash_data: &mut Vec<u8>, event: &Event) {
             hash_data.push(0u8);
             hash_data.extend_from_slice(&tr.sig);
         }
-        Event::Signature { ref sig, .. } => {
-            hash_data.push(1u8);
-            hash_data.extend_from_slice(sig);
-        }
-        Event::Timestamp { ref sig, .. } => {
-            hash_data.push(2u8);
-            hash_data.extend_from_slice(sig);
-        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -84,31 +95,12 @@ pub fn next_hash(start_hash: &Hash, num_hashes: u64, events: &[Event]) -> Hash {
     }
 }
 
-/// Creates the next Entry `num_hashes` after `start_hash`.
+/// Creates the next Tick or Event Entry `num_hashes` after `start_hash`.
-pub fn create_entry(start_hash: &Hash, cur_hashes: u64, events: Vec<Event>) -> Entry {
+pub fn next_entry(start_hash: &Hash, num_hashes: u64, events: Vec<Event>) -> Entry {
-    let num_hashes = cur_hashes + if events.is_empty() { 0 } else { 1 };
-    let id = next_hash(start_hash, 0, &events);
     Entry {
         num_hashes,
-        id,
+        id: next_hash(start_hash, num_hashes, &events),
-        events,
+        events: events,
-    }
-}
-
-/// Creates the next Tick Entry `num_hashes` after `start_hash`.
-pub fn create_entry_mut(start_hash: &mut Hash, cur_hashes: &mut u64, events: Vec<Event>) -> Entry {
-    let entry = create_entry(start_hash, *cur_hashes, events);
-    *start_hash = entry.id;
-    *cur_hashes = 0;
-    entry
-}
-
-/// Creates the next Tick Entry `num_hashes` after `start_hash`.
-pub fn next_tick(start_hash: &Hash, num_hashes: u64) -> Entry {
-    Entry {
-        num_hashes,
-        id: next_hash(start_hash, num_hashes, &[]),
-        events: vec![],
     }
 }
 
@@ -116,7 +108,7 @@ pub fn next_tick(start_hash: &Hash, num_hashes: u64) -> Entry {
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
     use chrono::prelude::*;
-    use entry::create_entry;
+    use entry::Entry;
     use event::Event;
     use hash::hash;
     use signature::{KeyPair, KeyPairUtil};
@@ -128,8 +120,8 @@ mod tests {
         let one = hash(&zero);
         assert!(Entry::new_tick(0, &zero).verify(&zero)); // base case
         assert!(!Entry::new_tick(0, &zero).verify(&one)); // base case, bad
-        assert!(next_tick(&zero, 1).verify(&zero)); // inductive step
+        assert!(next_entry(&zero, 1, vec![]).verify(&zero)); // inductive step
-        assert!(!next_tick(&zero, 1).verify(&one)); // inductive step, bad
+        assert!(!next_entry(&zero, 1, vec![]).verify(&one)); // inductive step, bad
     }
 
     #[test]
@@ -138,9 +130,9 @@ mod tests {
 
         // First, verify entries
         let keypair = KeyPair::new();
-        let tr0 = Event::Transaction(Transaction::new(&keypair, keypair.pubkey(), 0, zero));
+        let tr0 = Event::new_transaction(&keypair, keypair.pubkey(), 0, zero);
-        let tr1 = Event::Transaction(Transaction::new(&keypair, keypair.pubkey(), 1, zero));
+        let tr1 = Event::new_transaction(&keypair, keypair.pubkey(), 1, zero);
-        let mut e0 = create_entry(&zero, 0, vec![tr0.clone(), tr1.clone()]);
+        let mut e0 = Entry::new(&zero, 0, vec![tr0.clone(), tr1.clone()]);
         assert!(e0.verify(&zero));
 
         // Next, swap two events and ensure verification fails.
@@ -155,9 +147,13 @@ mod tests {
 
         // First, verify entries
         let keypair = KeyPair::new();
-        let tr0 = Event::new_timestamp(&keypair, Utc::now());
+        let tr0 = Event::Transaction(Transaction::new_timestamp(&keypair, Utc::now(), zero));
-        let tr1 = Event::new_signature(&keypair, Default::default());
+        let tr1 = Event::Transaction(Transaction::new_signature(
-        let mut e0 = create_entry(&zero, 0, vec![tr0.clone(), tr1.clone()]);
+            &keypair,
+            Default::default(),
+            zero,
+        ));
+        let mut e0 = Entry::new(&zero, 0, vec![tr0.clone(), tr1.clone()]);
         assert!(e0.verify(&zero));
 
         // Next, swap two witness events and ensure verification fails.
@@ -167,9 +163,9 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[test]
-    fn test_next_tick() {
+    fn test_next_entry() {
         let zero = Hash::default();
-        let tick = next_tick(&zero, 1);
+        let tick = next_entry(&zero, 1, vec![]);
         assert_eq!(tick.num_hashes, 1);
         assert_ne!(tick.id, zero);
     }

src/entry_writer.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+//! The `entry_writer` module helps implement the TPU's write stage.
+
+use bank::Bank;
+use entry::Entry;
+use ledger;
+use packet;
+use result::Result;
+use serde_json;
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
+use std::io::Write;
+use std::io::sink;
+use std::sync::mpsc::Receiver;
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+use std::time::Duration;
+use streamer;
+
+pub struct EntryWriter<'a> {
+    bank: &'a Bank,
+}
+
+impl<'a> EntryWriter<'a> {
+    /// Create a new Tpu that wraps the given Bank.
+    pub fn new(bank: &'a Bank) -> Self {
+        EntryWriter { bank }
+    }
+
+    fn write_entry<W: Write>(&self, writer: &Mutex<W>, entry: &Entry) {
+        trace!("write_entry entry");
+        self.bank.register_entry_id(&entry.id);
+        writeln!(
+            writer.lock().expect("'writer' lock in fn fn write_entry"),
+            "{}",
+            serde_json::to_string(&entry).expect("'entry' to_strong in fn write_entry")
+        ).expect("writeln! in fn write_entry");
+    }
+
+    fn write_entries<W: Write>(
+        &self,
+        writer: &Mutex<W>,
+        entry_receiver: &Receiver<Entry>,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<Entry>> {
+        //TODO implement a serialize for channel that does this without allocations
+        let mut l = vec![];
+        let entry = entry_receiver.recv_timeout(Duration::new(1, 0))?;
+        self.write_entry(writer, &entry);
+        l.push(entry);
+        while let Ok(entry) = entry_receiver.try_recv() {
+            self.write_entry(writer, &entry);
+            l.push(entry);
+        }
+        Ok(l)
+    }
+
+    /// Process any Entry items that have been published by the Historian.
+    /// continuosly broadcast blobs of entries out
+    pub fn write_and_send_entries<W: Write>(
+        &self,
+        broadcast: &streamer::BlobSender,
+        blob_recycler: &packet::BlobRecycler,
+        writer: &Mutex<W>,
+        entry_receiver: &Receiver<Entry>,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        let mut q = VecDeque::new();
+        let list = self.write_entries(writer, entry_receiver)?;
+        trace!("New blobs? {}", list.len());
+        ledger::process_entry_list_into_blobs(&list, blob_recycler, &mut q);
+        if !q.is_empty() {
+            trace!("broadcasting {}", q.len());
+            broadcast.send(q)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    /// Process any Entry items that have been published by the Historian.
+    /// continuosly broadcast blobs of entries out
+    pub fn drain_entries(&self, entry_receiver: &Receiver<Entry>) -> Result<()> {
+        self.write_entries(&Arc::new(Mutex::new(sink())), entry_receiver)?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}

src/erasure.rs

@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ pub fn decode_blocks(data: &mut [&mut [u8]], coding: &[&[u8]], erasures: &[i32])
 // Generate coding blocks in window from consumed to consumed+NUM_DATA
 pub fn generate_coding(
     re: &BlobRecycler,
-    window: &mut Vec<Option<SharedBlob>>,
+    window: &mut Vec<SharedBlob>,
     consumed: usize,
 ) -> Result<()> {
     let mut data_blobs = Vec::new();
@@ -164,10 +164,14 @@ pub fn generate_coding(
     let mut coding_ptrs: Vec<&mut [u8]> = Vec::new();
     for i in consumed..consumed + NUM_DATA {
         let n = i % window.len();
-        data_blobs.push(window[n].clone().unwrap());
+        data_blobs.push(
+            window[n]
+                .clone()
+                .expect("'data_blobs' arr in pub fn generate_coding"),
+        );
     }
     for b in &data_blobs {
-        data_locks.push(b.write().unwrap());
+        data_locks.push(b.write().expect("'b' write lock in pub fn generate_coding"));
     }
     for (i, l) in data_locks.iter_mut().enumerate() {
         trace!("i: {} data: {}", i, l.data[0]);
@@ -179,11 +183,18 @@ pub fn generate_coding(
     let coding_end = consumed + NUM_CODED;
     for i in coding_start..coding_end {
         let n = i % window.len();
-        window[n] = Some(re.allocate());
+        window[n] = re.allocate();
-        coding_blobs.push(window[n].clone().unwrap());
+        coding_blobs.push(
+            window[n]
+                .clone()
+                .expect("'coding_blobs' arr in pub fn generate_coding"),
+        );
     }
     for b in &coding_blobs {
-        coding_locks.push(b.write().unwrap());
+        coding_locks.push(
+            b.write()
+                .expect("'coding_locks' arr in pub fn generate_coding"),
+        );
     }
     for (i, l) in coding_locks.iter_mut().enumerate() {
         trace!("i: {} data: {}", i, l.data[0]);
@@ -231,7 +242,7 @@ pub fn recover(
                 let j = i % window.len();
                 let mut b = &mut window[j];
                 if b.is_some() {
-                    blobs.push(b.clone().unwrap());
+                    blobs.push(b.clone().expect("'blobs' arr in pb fn recover"));
                     continue;
                 }
                 let n = re.allocate();
@@ -244,7 +255,7 @@ pub fn recover(
             trace!("erasures: {:?}", erasures);
             //lock everything
             for b in &blobs {
-                locks.push(b.write().unwrap());
+                locks.push(b.write().expect("'locks' arr in pb fn recover"));
             }
             for (i, l) in locks.iter_mut().enumerate() {
                 if i >= NUM_DATA {
@@ -272,7 +283,6 @@ pub fn recover(
 mod test {
     use erasure;
     use packet::{BlobRecycler, SharedBlob, PACKET_DATA_SIZE};
-    extern crate env_logger;
 
     #[test]
     pub fn test_coding() {

src/event.rs

@@ -1,67 +1,31 @@
 //! The `event` module handles events, which may be a `Transaction`, or a `Witness` used to process a pending
 //! Transaction.
 
-use bincode::serialize;
+use hash::Hash;
-use chrono::prelude::*;
+use signature::{KeyPair, PublicKey};
-use signature::{KeyPair, KeyPairUtil, PublicKey, Signature, SignatureUtil};
 use transaction::Transaction;
 
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
 pub enum Event {
     Transaction(Transaction),
-    Signature {
-        from: PublicKey,
-        tx_sig: Signature,
-        sig: Signature,
-    },
-    Timestamp {
-        from: PublicKey,
-        dt: DateTime<Utc>,
-        sig: Signature,
-    },
 }
 
 impl Event {
-    /// Create and sign a new Witness Timestamp. Used for unit-testing.
+    pub fn new_transaction(
-    pub fn new_timestamp(from: &KeyPair, dt: DateTime<Utc>) -> Self {
+        from_keypair: &KeyPair,
-        let sign_data = serialize(&dt).unwrap();
+        to: PublicKey,
-        let sig = Signature::clone_from_slice(from.sign(&sign_data).as_ref());
+        tokens: i64,
-        Event::Timestamp {
+        last_id: Hash,
-            from: from.pubkey(),
+    ) -> Self {
-            dt,
+        let tr = Transaction::new(from_keypair, to, tokens, last_id);
-            sig,
+        Event::Transaction(tr)
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Create and sign a new Witness Signature. Used for unit-testing.
-    pub fn new_signature(from: &KeyPair, tx_sig: Signature) -> Self {
-        let sig = Signature::clone_from_slice(from.sign(&tx_sig).as_ref());
-        Event::Signature {
-            from: from.pubkey(),
-            tx_sig,
-            sig,
-        }
     }
 
     /// Verify the Event's signature's are valid and if a transaction, that its
     /// spending plan is valid.
     pub fn verify(&self) -> bool {
         match *self {
-            Event::Transaction(ref tr) => tr.verify_sig(),
+            Event::Transaction(ref tr) => tr.verify_plan(),
-            Event::Signature { from, tx_sig, sig } => sig.verify(&from, &tx_sig),
-            Event::Timestamp { from, dt, sig } => sig.verify(&from, &serialize(&dt).unwrap()),
         }
     }
 }
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-    use signature::{KeyPair, KeyPairUtil};
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_event_verify() {
-        assert!(Event::new_timestamp(&KeyPair::new(), Utc::now()).verify());
-        assert!(Event::new_signature(&KeyPair::new(), Signature::default()).verify());
-    }
-}

src/hash.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 //! The `hash` module provides functions for creating SHA-256 hashes.
 
-use generic_array::typenum::U32;
 use generic_array::GenericArray;
+use generic_array::typenum::U32;
 use sha2::{Digest, Sha256};
 
 pub type Hash = GenericArray<u8, U32>;

src/historian.rs

@@ -1,113 +0,0 @@
-//! The `historian` module provides a microservice for generating a Proof of History.
-//! It manages a thread containing a Proof of History Recorder.
-
-use entry::Entry;
-use hash::Hash;
-use recorder::{ExitReason, Recorder, Signal};
-use std::sync::mpsc::{sync_channel, Receiver, SyncSender};
-use std::thread::{spawn, JoinHandle};
-use std::time::Instant;
-
-pub struct Historian {
-    pub sender: SyncSender<Signal>,
-    pub receiver: Receiver<Entry>,
-    pub thread_hdl: JoinHandle<ExitReason>,
-}
-
-impl Historian {
-    pub fn new(start_hash: &Hash, ms_per_tick: Option<u64>) -> Self {
-        let (sender, event_receiver) = sync_channel(10_000);
-        let (entry_sender, receiver) = sync_channel(10_000);
-        let thread_hdl =
-            Historian::create_recorder(*start_hash, ms_per_tick, event_receiver, entry_sender);
-        Historian {
-            sender,
-            receiver,
-            thread_hdl,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// A background thread that will continue tagging received Event messages and
-    /// sending back Entry messages until either the receiver or sender channel is closed.
-    fn create_recorder(
-        start_hash: Hash,
-        ms_per_tick: Option<u64>,
-        receiver: Receiver<Signal>,
-        sender: SyncSender<Entry>,
-    ) -> JoinHandle<ExitReason> {
-        spawn(move || {
-            let mut recorder = Recorder::new(receiver, sender, start_hash);
-            let now = Instant::now();
-            loop {
-                if let Err(err) = recorder.process_events(now, ms_per_tick) {
-                    return err;
-                }
-                if ms_per_tick.is_some() {
-                    recorder.hash();
-                }
-            }
-        })
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use super::*;
-    use ledger::Block;
-    use std::thread::sleep;
-    use std::time::Duration;
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_historian() {
-        let zero = Hash::default();
-        let hist = Historian::new(&zero, None);
-
-        hist.sender.send(Signal::Tick).unwrap();
-        sleep(Duration::new(0, 1_000_000));
-        hist.sender.send(Signal::Tick).unwrap();
-        sleep(Duration::new(0, 1_000_000));
-        hist.sender.send(Signal::Tick).unwrap();
-
-        let entry0 = hist.receiver.recv().unwrap();
-        let entry1 = hist.receiver.recv().unwrap();
-        let entry2 = hist.receiver.recv().unwrap();
-
-        assert_eq!(entry0.num_hashes, 0);
-        assert_eq!(entry1.num_hashes, 0);
-        assert_eq!(entry2.num_hashes, 0);
-
-        drop(hist.sender);
-        assert_eq!(
-            hist.thread_hdl.join().unwrap(),
-            ExitReason::RecvDisconnected
-        );
-
-        assert!([entry0, entry1, entry2].verify(&zero));
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_historian_closed_sender() {
-        let zero = Hash::default();
-        let hist = Historian::new(&zero, None);
-        drop(hist.receiver);
-        hist.sender.send(Signal::Tick).unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(
-            hist.thread_hdl.join().unwrap(),
-            ExitReason::SendDisconnected
-        );
-    }
-
-    #[test]
-    fn test_ticking_historian() {
-        let zero = Hash::default();
-        let hist = Historian::new(&zero, Some(20));
-        sleep(Duration::from_millis(300));
-        hist.sender.send(Signal::Tick).unwrap();
-        drop(hist.sender);
-        let entries: Vec<Entry> = hist.receiver.iter().collect();
-        assert!(entries.len() > 1);
-
-        // Ensure the ID is not the seed.
-        assert_ne!(entries[0].id, zero);
-    }
-}

src/ledger.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,17 @@
 //! The `ledger` module provides functions for parallel verification of the
 //! Proof of History ledger.
 
-use entry::{next_tick, Entry};
+use bincode::{deserialize, serialize_into};
+use entry::{next_entry, Entry};
+use event::Event;
 use hash::Hash;
+use packet;
+use packet::{SharedBlob, BLOB_DATA_SIZE, BLOB_SIZE};
 use rayon::prelude::*;
+use std::cmp::min;
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
+use std::io::Cursor;
+use std::mem::size_of;
 
 pub trait Block {
     /// Verifies the hashes and counts of a slice of events are all consistent.
@@ -18,22 +26,107 @@ impl Block for [Entry] {
     }
 }
 
-/// Create a vector of Ticks of length `len` from `start_hash` hash and `num_hashes`.
+/// Create a vector of Entries of length `event_set.len()` from `start_hash` hash, `num_hashes`, and `event_set`.
-pub fn next_ticks(start_hash: &Hash, num_hashes: u64, len: usize) -> Vec<Entry> {
+pub fn next_entries(start_hash: &Hash, num_hashes: u64, event_set: Vec<Vec<Event>>) -> Vec<Entry> {
     let mut id = *start_hash;
-    let mut ticks = vec![];
+    let mut entries = vec![];
-    for _ in 0..len {
+    for event_list in &event_set {
-        let entry = next_tick(&id, num_hashes);
+        let events = event_list.clone();
+        let entry = next_entry(&id, num_hashes, events);
         id = entry.id;
-        ticks.push(entry);
+        entries.push(entry);
     }
-    ticks
+    entries
+}
+
+pub fn process_entry_list_into_blobs(
+    list: &Vec<Entry>,
+    blob_recycler: &packet::BlobRecycler,
+    q: &mut VecDeque<SharedBlob>,
+) {
+    let mut start = 0;
+    let mut end = 0;
+    while start < list.len() {
+        let mut entries: Vec<Vec<Entry>> = Vec::new();
+        let mut total = 0;
+        for i in &list[start..] {
+            total += size_of::<Event>() * i.events.len();
+            total += size_of::<Entry>();
+            if total >= BLOB_DATA_SIZE {
+                break;
+            }
+            end += 1;
+        }
+        // See if we need to split the events
+        if end <= start {
+            let mut event_start = 0;
+            let num_events_per_blob = BLOB_DATA_SIZE / size_of::<Event>();
+            let total_entry_chunks =
+                (list[end].events.len() + num_events_per_blob - 1) / num_events_per_blob;
+            trace!(
+                "splitting events end: {} total_chunks: {}",
+                end,
+                total_entry_chunks
+            );
+            for _ in 0..total_entry_chunks {
+                let event_end = min(event_start + num_events_per_blob, list[end].events.len());
+                let mut entry = Entry {
+                    num_hashes: list[end].num_hashes,
+                    id: list[end].id,
+                    events: list[end].events[event_start..event_end].to_vec(),
+                };
+                entries.push(vec![entry]);
+                event_start = event_end;
+            }
+            end += 1;
+        } else {
+            entries.push(list[start..end].to_vec());
+        }
+
+        for entry in entries {
+            let b = blob_recycler.allocate();
+            let pos = {
+                let mut bd = b.write().unwrap();
+                let mut out = Cursor::new(bd.data_mut());
+                serialize_into(&mut out, &entry).expect("failed to serialize output");
+                out.position() as usize
+            };
+            assert!(pos < BLOB_SIZE);
+            b.write().unwrap().set_size(pos);
+            q.push_back(b);
+        }
+        start = end;
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn reconstruct_entries_from_blobs(blobs: &VecDeque<SharedBlob>) -> Vec<Entry> {
+    let mut entries_to_apply: Vec<Entry> = Vec::new();
+    let mut last_id = Hash::default();
+    for msgs in blobs {
+        let blob = msgs.read().unwrap();
+        let entries: Vec<Entry> = deserialize(&blob.data()[..blob.meta.size]).unwrap();
+        for entry in entries {
+            if entry.id == last_id {
+                if let Some(last_entry) = entries_to_apply.last_mut() {
+                    last_entry.events.extend(entry.events);
+                }
+            } else {
+                last_id = entry.id;
+                entries_to_apply.push(entry);
+            }
+        }
+        //TODO respond back to leader with hash of the state
+    }
+    entries_to_apply
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
     use hash::hash;
+    use packet::BlobRecycler;
+    use signature::{KeyPair, KeyPairUtil};
+    use transaction::Transaction;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_verify_slice() {
@@ -42,12 +135,51 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(vec![][..].verify(&zero)); // base case
         assert!(vec![Entry::new_tick(0, &zero)][..].verify(&zero)); // singleton case 1
         assert!(!vec![Entry::new_tick(0, &zero)][..].verify(&one)); // singleton case 2, bad
-        assert!(next_ticks(&zero, 0, 2)[..].verify(&zero)); // inductive step
+        assert!(next_entries(&zero, 0, vec![vec![]; 2])[..].verify(&zero)); // inductive step
 
-        let mut bad_ticks = next_ticks(&zero, 0, 2);
+        let mut bad_ticks = next_entries(&zero, 0, vec![vec![]; 2]);
         bad_ticks[1].id = one;
         assert!(!bad_ticks.verify(&zero)); // inductive step, bad
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_entry_to_blobs() {
+        let zero = Hash::default();
+        let one = hash(&zero);
+        let keypair = KeyPair::new();
+        let tr0 = Event::Transaction(Transaction::new(&keypair, keypair.pubkey(), 1, one));
+        let events = vec![tr0.clone(); 10000];
+        let e0 = Entry::new(&zero, 0, events);
+
+        let entry_list = vec![e0.clone(); 1];
+        let blob_recycler = BlobRecycler::default();
+        let mut blob_q = VecDeque::new();
+        process_entry_list_into_blobs(&entry_list, &blob_recycler, &mut blob_q);
+        let entries = reconstruct_entries_from_blobs(&blob_q);
+
+        assert_eq!(entry_list, entries);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_next_entries() {
+        let mut id = Hash::default();
+        let next_id = hash(&id);
+        let keypair = KeyPair::new();
+        let tr0 = Event::Transaction(Transaction::new(&keypair, keypair.pubkey(), 1, next_id));
+        let events = vec![tr0.clone(); 5];
+        let event_set = vec![events.clone(); 5];
+        let entries0 = next_entries(&id, 0, event_set);
+
+        assert_eq!(entries0.len(), 5);
+
+        let mut entries1 = vec![];
+        for _ in 0..5 {
+            let entry = next_entry(&id, 0, events.clone());
+            id = entry.id;
+            entries1.push(entry);
+        }
+        assert_eq!(entries0, entries1);
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(all(feature = "unstable", test))]
@@ -59,7 +191,7 @@ mod bench {
     #[bench]
     fn event_bench(bencher: &mut Bencher) {
         let start_hash = Hash::default();
-        let entries = next_ticks(&start_hash, 10_000, 8);
+        let entries = next_entries(&start_hash, 10_000, vec![vec![]; 8]);
         bencher.iter(|| {
             assert!(entries.verify(&start_hash));
         });

src/lib.rs

@@ -1,25 +1,37 @@
 #![cfg_attr(feature = "unstable", feature(test))]
-pub mod accountant;
+pub mod bank;
-pub mod accountant_skel;
+pub mod banking_stage;
-pub mod accountant_stub;
 pub mod crdt;
 pub mod ecdsa;
 pub mod entry;
+pub mod entry_writer;
 #[cfg(feature = "erasure")]
 pub mod erasure;
 pub mod event;
 pub mod hash;
-pub mod historian;
 pub mod ledger;
+pub mod logger;
 pub mod mint;
 pub mod packet;
 pub mod plan;
+pub mod record_stage;
 pub mod recorder;
+pub mod replicate_stage;
+pub mod request;
+pub mod request_processor;
+pub mod request_stage;
 pub mod result;
+pub mod rpu;
+pub mod server;
+pub mod sig_verify_stage;
 pub mod signature;
 pub mod streamer;
-pub mod subscribers;
+pub mod thin_client;
+pub mod timing;
+pub mod tpu;
 pub mod transaction;
+pub mod tvu;
+pub mod write_stage;
 extern crate bincode;
 extern crate byteorder;
 extern crate chrono;
@@ -41,3 +53,5 @@ extern crate futures;
 #[cfg(test)]
 #[macro_use]
 extern crate matches;
+
+extern crate rand;

src/logger.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+use std::sync::{Once, ONCE_INIT};
+extern crate env_logger;
+
+static INIT: Once = ONCE_INIT;
+
+/// Setup function that is only run once, even if called multiple times.
+pub fn setup() {
+    INIT.call_once(|| {
+        let _ = env_logger::init();
+    });
+}

src/mint.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 //! The `mint` module is a library for generating the chain's genesis block.
 
-use entry::create_entry;
 use entry::Entry;
 use event::Event;
 use hash::{hash, Hash};
@@ -19,8 +18,11 @@ pub struct Mint {
 impl Mint {
     pub fn new(tokens: i64) -> Self {
         let rnd = SystemRandom::new();
-        let pkcs8 = KeyPair::generate_pkcs8(&rnd).unwrap().to_vec();
+        let pkcs8 = KeyPair::generate_pkcs8(&rnd)
-        let keypair = KeyPair::from_pkcs8(Input::from(&pkcs8)).unwrap();
+            .expect("generate_pkcs8 in mint pub fn new")
+            .to_vec();
+        let keypair =
+            KeyPair::from_pkcs8(Input::from(&pkcs8)).expect("from_pkcs8 in mint pub fn new");
         let pubkey = keypair.pubkey();
         Mint {
             pkcs8,
@@ -38,7 +40,7 @@ impl Mint {
     }
 
     pub fn keypair(&self) -> KeyPair {
-        KeyPair::from_pkcs8(Input::from(&self.pkcs8)).unwrap()
+        KeyPair::from_pkcs8(Input::from(&self.pkcs8)).expect("from_pkcs8 in mint pub fn keypair")
     }
 
     pub fn pubkey(&self) -> PublicKey {
@@ -52,8 +54,8 @@ impl Mint {
     }
 
     pub fn create_entries(&self) -> Vec<Entry> {
-        let e0 = create_entry(&self.seed(), 0, vec![]);
+        let e0 = Entry::new(&self.seed(), 0, vec![]);
-        let e1 = create_entry(&e0.id, 0, self.create_events());
+        let e1 = Entry::new(&e0.id, 0, self.create_events());
         vec![e0, e1]
     }
 }
@@ -61,7 +63,7 @@ impl Mint {
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
 pub struct MintDemo {
     pub mint: Mint,
-    pub users: Vec<(Vec<u8>, i64)>,
+    pub num_accounts: i64,
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -69,12 +71,14 @@ mod tests {
     use super::*;
     use ledger::Block;
     use plan::Plan;
+    use transaction::Instruction;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_create_events() {
         let mut events = Mint::new(100).create_events().into_iter();
-        if let Event::Transaction(tr) = events.next().unwrap() {
+        let Event::Transaction(tr) = events.next().unwrap();
-            if let Plan::Pay(payment) = tr.data.plan {
+        if let Instruction::NewContract(contract) = tr.instruction {
+            if let Plan::Pay(payment) = contract.plan {
                 assert_eq!(tr.from, payment.to);
             }
         }

src/packet.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,15 @@
 //! The `packet` module defines data structures and methods to pull data from the network.
+use bincode::{deserialize, serialize};
 use byteorder::{LittleEndian, ReadBytesExt, WriteBytesExt};
 use result::{Error, Result};
+use serde::Serialize;
+use signature::PublicKey;
 use std::collections::VecDeque;
 use std::fmt;
 use std::io;
+use std::mem::size_of;
 use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr, SocketAddr, UdpSocket};
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex, RwLock};
-use std::mem::size_of;
 
 pub type SharedPackets = Arc<RwLock<Packets>>;
 pub type SharedBlob = Arc<RwLock<Blob>>;
@@ -14,7 +17,8 @@ pub type PacketRecycler = Recycler<Packets>;
 pub type BlobRecycler = Recycler<Blob>;
 
 pub const NUM_PACKETS: usize = 1024 * 8;
-const BLOB_SIZE: usize = 64 * 1024;
+pub const BLOB_SIZE: usize = 64 * 1024;
+pub const BLOB_DATA_SIZE: usize = BLOB_SIZE - BLOB_ID_END;
 pub const PACKET_DATA_SIZE: usize = 256;
 pub const NUM_BLOBS: usize = (NUM_PACKETS * PACKET_DATA_SIZE) / BLOB_SIZE;
 
@@ -153,12 +157,12 @@ impl<T: Default> Clone for Recycler<T> {
 
 impl<T: Default> Recycler<T> {
     pub fn allocate(&self) -> Arc<RwLock<T>> {
-        let mut gc = self.gc.lock().expect("recycler lock");
+        let mut gc = self.gc.lock().expect("recycler lock in pb fn allocate");
         gc.pop()
             .unwrap_or_else(|| Arc::new(RwLock::new(Default::default())))
     }
     pub fn recycle(&self, msgs: Arc<RwLock<T>>) {
-        let mut gc = self.gc.lock().expect("recycler lock");
+        let mut gc = self.gc.lock().expect("recycler lock in pub fn recycle");
         gc.push(msgs);
     }
 }
@@ -176,13 +180,14 @@ impl Packets {
         socket.set_nonblocking(false)?;
         for p in &mut self.packets {
             p.meta.size = 0;
+            trace!("receiving");
             match socket.recv_from(&mut p.data) {
                 Err(_) if i > 0 => {
-                    trace!("got {:?} messages", i);
+                    debug!("got {:?} messages", i);
                     break;
                 }
                 Err(e) => {
-                    info!("recv_from err {:?}", e);
+                    trace!("recv_from err {:?}", e);
                     return Err(Error::IO(e));
                 }
                 Ok((nrecv, from)) => {
@@ -200,6 +205,7 @@ impl Packets {
     pub fn recv_from(&mut self, socket: &UdpSocket) -> Result<()> {
         let sz = self.run_read_from(socket)?;
         self.packets.resize(sz, Packet::default());
+        debug!("recv_from: {}", sz);
         Ok(())
     }
     pub fn send_to(&self, socket: &UdpSocket) -> Result<()> {
@@ -211,28 +217,60 @@ impl Packets {
     }
 }
 
-const BLOB_INDEX_SIZE: usize = size_of::<u64>();
+pub fn to_packets<T: Serialize>(r: &PacketRecycler, xs: Vec<T>) -> Vec<SharedPackets> {
+    let mut out = vec![];
+    for x in xs.chunks(NUM_PACKETS) {
+        let p = r.allocate();
+        p.write()
+            .unwrap()
+            .packets
+            .resize(x.len(), Default::default());
+        for (i, o) in x.iter().zip(p.write().unwrap().packets.iter_mut()) {
+            let v = serialize(&i).expect("serialize request");
+            let len = v.len();
+            o.data[..len].copy_from_slice(&v);
+            o.meta.size = len;
+        }
+        out.push(p);
+    }
+    return out;
+}
+
+const BLOB_INDEX_END: usize = size_of::<u64>();
+const BLOB_ID_END: usize = BLOB_INDEX_END + size_of::<usize>() + size_of::<PublicKey>();
 
 impl Blob {
     pub fn get_index(&self) -> Result<u64> {
-        let mut rdr = io::Cursor::new(&self.data[0..BLOB_INDEX_SIZE]);
+        let mut rdr = io::Cursor::new(&self.data[0..BLOB_INDEX_END]);
         let r = rdr.read_u64::<LittleEndian>()?;
         Ok(r)
     }
     pub fn set_index(&mut self, ix: u64) -> Result<()> {
         let mut wtr = vec![];
         wtr.write_u64::<LittleEndian>(ix)?;
-        self.data[..BLOB_INDEX_SIZE].clone_from_slice(&wtr);
+        self.data[..BLOB_INDEX_END].clone_from_slice(&wtr);
         Ok(())
     }
+
+    pub fn get_id(&self) -> Result<PublicKey> {
+        let e = deserialize(&self.data[BLOB_INDEX_END..BLOB_ID_END])?;
+        Ok(e)
+    }
+
+    pub fn set_id(&mut self, id: PublicKey) -> Result<()> {
+        let wtr = serialize(&id)?;
+        self.data[BLOB_INDEX_END..BLOB_ID_END].clone_from_slice(&wtr);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
     pub fn data(&self) -> &[u8] {
-        &self.data[BLOB_INDEX_SIZE..]
+        &self.data[BLOB_ID_END..]
     }
     pub fn data_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] {
-        &mut self.data[BLOB_INDEX_SIZE..]
+        &mut self.data[BLOB_ID_END..]
     }
     pub fn set_size(&mut self, size: usize) {
-        self.meta.size = size + BLOB_INDEX_SIZE;
+        self.meta.size = size + BLOB_ID_END;
     }
     pub fn recv_from(re: &BlobRecycler, socket: &UdpSocket) -> Result<VecDeque<SharedBlob>> {
         let mut v = VecDeque::new();
@@ -246,14 +284,16 @@ impl Blob {
         for i in 0..NUM_BLOBS {
             let r = re.allocate();
             {
-                let mut p = r.write().unwrap();
+                let mut p = r.write().expect("'r' write lock in pub fn recv_from");
                 match socket.recv_from(&mut p.data) {
                     Err(_) if i > 0 => {
                         trace!("got {:?} messages", i);
                         break;
                     }
                     Err(e) => {
-                        info!("recv_from err {:?}", e);
+                        if e.kind() != io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock {
+                            info!("recv_from err {:?}", e);
+                        }
                         return Err(Error::IO(e));
                     }
                     Ok((nrecv, from)) => {
@@ -276,7 +316,7 @@ impl Blob {
     ) -> Result<()> {
         while let Some(r) = v.pop_front() {
             {
-                let p = r.read().unwrap();
+                let p = r.read().expect("'r' read lock in pub fn send_to");
                 let a = p.meta.addr();
                 socket.send_to(&p.data[..p.meta.size], &a)?;
             }
@@ -288,11 +328,13 @@ impl Blob {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
-    use packet::{Blob, BlobRecycler, Packet, PacketRecycler, Packets};
+    use packet::{to_packets, Blob, BlobRecycler, Packet, PacketRecycler, Packets, NUM_PACKETS};
+    use request::Request;
     use std::collections::VecDeque;
     use std::io;
     use std::io::Write;
     use std::net::UdpSocket;
+
     #[test]
     pub fn packet_recycler_test() {
         let r = PacketRecycler::default();
@@ -334,6 +376,24 @@ mod test {
         r.recycle(p);
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn test_to_packets() {
+        let tr = Request::GetTransactionCount;
+        let re = PacketRecycler::default();
+        let rv = to_packets(&re, vec![tr.clone(); 1]);
+        assert_eq!(rv.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(rv[0].read().unwrap().packets.len(), 1);
+
+        let rv = to_packets(&re, vec![tr.clone(); NUM_PACKETS]);
+        assert_eq!(rv.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(rv[0].read().unwrap().packets.len(), NUM_PACKETS);
+
+        let rv = to_packets(&re, vec![tr.clone(); NUM_PACKETS + 1]);
+        assert_eq!(rv.len(), 2);
+        assert_eq!(rv[0].read().unwrap().packets.len(), NUM_PACKETS);
+        assert_eq!(rv[1].read().unwrap().packets.len(), 1);
+    }
+
     #[test]
     pub fn blob_send_recv() {
         trace!("start");

src/plan.rs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use chrono::prelude::*;
 use signature::PublicKey;
 use std::mem;
 
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
 pub enum Witness {
     Timestamp(DateTime<Utc>),
     Signature(PublicKey),

src/record_stage.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+//! The `record_stage` module provides an object for generating a Proof of History.
+//! It records Event items on behalf of its users. It continuously generates
+//! new hashes, only stopping to check if it has been sent an Event item. It
+//! tags each Event with an Entry, and sends it back. The Entry includes the
+//! Event, the latest hash, and the number of hashes since the last event.
+//! The resulting stream of entries represents ordered events in time.
+
+use entry::Entry;
+use event::Event;
+use hash::Hash;
+use recorder::Recorder;
+use std::sync::mpsc::{channel, Receiver, Sender, TryRecvError};
+use std::thread::{spawn, JoinHandle};
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(large_enum_variant))]
+pub enum Signal {
+    Tick,
+    Events(Vec<Event>),
+}
+
+pub struct RecordStage {
+    pub entry_receiver: Receiver<Entry>,
+    pub thread_hdl: JoinHandle<()>,
+}
+
+impl RecordStage {
+    /// A background thread that will continue tagging received Event messages and
+    /// sending back Entry messages until either the receiver or sender channel is closed.
+    pub fn new(
+        event_receiver: Receiver<Signal>,
+        start_hash: &Hash,
+        tick_duration: Option<Duration>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let (entry_sender, entry_receiver) = channel();
+        let start_hash = start_hash.clone();
+
+        let thread_hdl = spawn(move || {
+            let mut recorder = Recorder::new(start_hash);
+            let duration_data = tick_duration.map(|dur| (Instant::now(), dur));
+            loop {
+                if let Err(_) = Self::process_events(
+                    &mut recorder,
+                    duration_data,
+                    &event_receiver,
+                    &entry_sender,
+                ) {
+                    return;
+                }
+                if duration_data.is_some() {
+                    recorder.hash();
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+        RecordStage {
+            entry_receiver,
+            thread_hdl,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn process_events(
+        recorder: &mut Recorder,
+        duration_data: Option<(Instant, Duration)>,
+        receiver: &Receiver<Signal>,
+        sender: &Sender<Entry>,
+    ) -> Result<(), ()> {
+        loop {
+            if let Some((start_time, tick_duration)) = duration_data {
+                if let Some(entry) = recorder.tick(start_time, tick_duration) {
+                    sender.send(entry).or(Err(()))?;
+                }
+            }
+            match receiver.try_recv() {
+                Ok(signal) => match signal {
+                    Signal::Tick => {
+                        let entry = recorder.record(vec![]);
+                        sender.send(entry).or(Err(()))?;
+                    }
+                    Signal::Events(events) => {
+                        let entry = recorder.record(events);
+                        sender.send(entry).or(Err(()))?;
+                    }
+                },
+                Err(TryRecvError::Empty) => return Ok(()),
+                Err(TryRecvError::Disconnected) => return Err(()),
+            };
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use ledger::Block;
+    use signature::{KeyPair, KeyPairUtil};
+    use std::sync::mpsc::channel;
+    use std::thread::sleep;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_historian() {
+        let (input, event_receiver) = channel();
+        let zero = Hash::default();
+        let record_stage = RecordStage::new(event_receiver, &zero, None);
+
+        input.send(Signal::Tick).unwrap();
+        sleep(Duration::new(0, 1_000_000));
+        input.send(Signal::Tick).unwrap();
+        sleep(Duration::new(0, 1_000_000));
+        input.send(Signal::Tick).unwrap();
+
+        let entry0 = record_stage.entry_receiver.recv().unwrap();
+        let entry1 = record_stage.entry_receiver.recv().unwrap();
+        let entry2 = record_stage.entry_receiver.recv().unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(entry0.num_hashes, 0);
+        assert_eq!(entry1.num_hashes, 0);
+        assert_eq!(entry2.num_hashes, 0);
+
+        drop(input);
+        assert_eq!(record_stage.thread_hdl.join().unwrap(), ());
+
+        assert!([entry0, entry1, entry2].verify(&zero));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_historian_closed_sender() {
+        let (input, event_receiver) = channel();
+        let zero = Hash::default();
+        let record_stage = RecordStage::new(event_receiver, &zero, None);
+        drop(record_stage.entry_receiver);
+        input.send(Signal::Tick).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(record_stage.thread_hdl.join().unwrap(), ());
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_events() {
+        let (input, signal_receiver) = channel();
+        let zero = Hash::default();
+        let record_stage = RecordStage::new(signal_receiver, &zero, None);
+        let alice_keypair = KeyPair::new();
+        let bob_pubkey = KeyPair::new().pubkey();
+        let event0 = Event::new_transaction(&alice_keypair, bob_pubkey, 1, zero);
+        let event1 = Event::new_transaction(&alice_keypair, bob_pubkey, 2, zero);
+        input.send(Signal::Events(vec![event0, event1])).unwrap();
+        drop(input);
+        let entries: Vec<_> = record_stage.entry_receiver.iter().collect();
+        assert_eq!(entries.len(), 1);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    #[ignore]
+    fn test_ticking_historian() {
+        let (input, event_receiver) = channel();
+        let zero = Hash::default();
+        let record_stage = RecordStage::new(event_receiver, &zero, Some(Duration::from_millis(20)));
+        sleep(Duration::from_millis(900));
+        input.send(Signal::Tick).unwrap();
+        drop(input);
+        let entries: Vec<Entry> = record_stage.entry_receiver.iter().collect();
+        assert!(entries.len() > 1);
+
+        // Ensure the ID is not the seed.
+        assert_ne!(entries[0].id, zero);
+    }
+}

src/recorder.rs

@@ -1,45 +1,21 @@
 //! The `recorder` module provides an object for generating a Proof of History.
-//! It records Event items on behalf of its users. It continuously generates
+//! It records Event items on behalf of its users.
-//! new hashes, only stopping to check if it has been sent an Event item. It
-//! tags each Event with an Entry, and sends it back. The Entry includes the
-//! Event, the latest hash, and the number of hashes since the last event.
-//! The resulting stream of entries represents ordered events in time.
 
-use entry::{create_entry_mut, Entry};
+use entry::Entry;
 use event::Event;
 use hash::{hash, Hash};
-use std::mem;
-use std::sync::mpsc::{Receiver, SyncSender, TryRecvError};
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 
-#[cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(large_enum_variant))]
-pub enum Signal {
-    Tick,
-    Event(Event),
-}
-
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub enum ExitReason {
-    RecvDisconnected,
-    SendDisconnected,
-}
-
 pub struct Recorder {
-    sender: SyncSender<Entry>,
-    receiver: Receiver<Signal>,
     last_hash: Hash,
-    events: Vec<Event>,
     num_hashes: u64,
-    num_ticks: u64,
+    num_ticks: u32,
 }
 
 impl Recorder {
-    pub fn new(receiver: Receiver<Signal>, sender: SyncSender<Entry>, last_hash: Hash) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(last_hash: Hash) -> Self {
         Recorder {
-            receiver,
-            sender,
             last_hash,
-            events: vec![],
             num_hashes: 0,
             num_ticks: 0,
         }
@@ -50,40 +26,17 @@ impl Recorder {
         self.num_hashes += 1;
     }
 
-    pub fn record_entry(&mut self) -> Result<(), ExitReason> {
+    pub fn record(&mut self, events: Vec<Event>) -> Entry {
-        let events = mem::replace(&mut self.events, vec![]);
+        Entry::new_mut(&mut self.last_hash, &mut self.num_hashes, events)
-        let entry = create_entry_mut(&mut self.last_hash, &mut self.num_hashes, events);
-        self.sender
-            .send(entry)
-            .or(Err(ExitReason::SendDisconnected))?;
-        Ok(())
     }
 
-    pub fn process_events(
+    pub fn tick(&mut self, start_time: Instant, tick_duration: Duration) -> Option<Entry> {
-        &mut self,
+        if start_time.elapsed() > tick_duration * (self.num_ticks + 1) {
-        epoch: Instant,
+            // TODO: don't let this overflow u32
-        ms_per_tick: Option<u64>,
+            self.num_ticks += 1;
-    ) -> Result<(), ExitReason> {
+            Some(self.record(vec![]))
-        loop {
+        } else {
-            if let Some(ms) = ms_per_tick {
+            None
-                if epoch.elapsed() > Duration::from_millis((self.num_ticks + 1) * ms) {
-                    self.record_entry()?;
-                    self.num_ticks += 1;
-                }
-            }
-
-            match self.receiver.try_recv() {
-                Ok(signal) => match signal {
-                    Signal::Tick => {
-                        self.record_entry()?;
-                    }
-                    Signal::Event(event) => {
-                        self.events.push(event);
-                    }
-                },
-                Err(TryRecvError::Empty) => return Ok(()),
-                Err(TryRecvError::Disconnected) => return Err(ExitReason::RecvDisconnected),
-            };
         }
     }
 }

src/replicate_stage.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+//! The `replicate_stage` replicates transactions broadcast by the leader.
+
+use bank::Bank;
+use ledger;
+use packet;
+use result::Result;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+use std::thread::{spawn, JoinHandle};
+use std::time::Duration;
+use streamer;
+
+pub struct ReplicateStage {
+    pub thread_hdl: JoinHandle<()>,
+}
+
+impl ReplicateStage {
+    /// Process verified blobs, already in order
+    fn replicate_requests(
+        bank: &Arc<Bank>,
+        verified_receiver: &streamer::BlobReceiver,
+        blob_recycler: &packet::BlobRecycler,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        let timer = Duration::new(1, 0);
+        let blobs = verified_receiver.recv_timeout(timer)?;
+        let entries = ledger::reconstruct_entries_from_blobs(&blobs);
+        let res = bank.process_verified_entries(entries);
+        if res.is_err() {
+            error!("process_verified_entries {} {:?}", blobs.len(), res);
+        }
+        res?;
+        for blob in blobs {
+            blob_recycler.recycle(blob);
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub fn new(
+        bank: Arc<Bank>,
+        exit: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+        window_receiver: streamer::BlobReceiver,
+        blob_recycler: packet::BlobRecycler,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let thread_hdl = spawn(move || loop {
+            let e = Self::replicate_requests(&bank, &window_receiver, &blob_recycler);
+            if e.is_err() && exit.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+                break;
+            }
+        });
+        ReplicateStage { thread_hdl }
+    }
+}

src/request.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+//! The `request` module defines the messages for the thin client.
+
+use hash::Hash;
+use signature::PublicKey;
+
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "cargo-clippy", allow(large_enum_variant))]
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, Clone)]
+pub enum Request {
+    GetBalance { key: PublicKey },
+    GetLastId,
+    GetTransactionCount,
+}
+
+impl Request {
+    /// Verify the request is valid.
+    pub fn verify(&self) -> bool {
+        true
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug)]
+pub enum Response {
+    Balance { key: PublicKey, val: Option<i64> },
+    LastId { id: Hash },
+    TransactionCount { transaction_count: u64 },
+}

src/request_processor.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+//! The `request_stage` processes thin client Request messages.
+
+use bank::Bank;
+use bincode::{deserialize, serialize};
+use event::Event;
+use packet;
+use packet::SharedPackets;
+use rayon::prelude::*;
+use request::{Request, Response};
+use result::Result;
+use std::collections::VecDeque;
+use std::net::SocketAddr;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::sync::mpsc::Receiver;
+use std::time::Instant;
+use streamer;
+use timing;
+
+pub struct RequestProcessor {
+    bank: Arc<Bank>,
+}
+
+impl RequestProcessor {
+    /// Create a new Tpu that wraps the given Bank.
+    pub fn new(bank: Arc<Bank>) -> Self {
+        RequestProcessor { bank }
+    }
+
+    /// Process Request items sent by clients.
+    fn process_request(
+        &self,
+        msg: Request,
+        rsp_addr: SocketAddr,
+    ) -> Option<(Response, SocketAddr)> {
+        match msg {
+            Request::GetBalance { key } => {
+                let val = self.bank.get_balance(&key);
+                let rsp = (Response::Balance { key, val }, rsp_addr);
+                info!("Response::Balance {:?}", rsp);
+                Some(rsp)
+            }
+            Request::GetLastId => {
+                let id = self.bank.last_id();
+                let rsp = (Response::LastId { id }, rsp_addr);
+                info!("Response::LastId {:?}", rsp);
+                Some(rsp)
+            }
+            Request::GetTransactionCount => {
+                let transaction_count = self.bank.transaction_count() as u64;
+                let rsp = (Response::TransactionCount { transaction_count }, rsp_addr);
+                info!("Response::TransactionCount {:?}", rsp);
+                Some(rsp)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn process_requests(
+        &self,
+        reqs: Vec<(Request, SocketAddr)>,
+    ) -> Vec<(Response, SocketAddr)> {
+        reqs.into_iter()
+            .filter_map(|(req, rsp_addr)| self.process_request(req, rsp_addr))
+            .collect()
+    }
+
+    fn deserialize_requests(p: &packet::Packets) -> Vec<Option<(Request, SocketAddr)>> {
+        p.packets
+            .par_iter()
+            .map(|x| {
+                deserialize(&x.data[0..x.meta.size])
+                    .map(|req| (req, x.meta.addr()))
+                    .ok()
+            })
+            .collect()
+    }
+
+    // Copy-paste of deserialize_requests() because I can't figure out how to
+    // route the lifetimes in a generic version.
+    pub fn deserialize_events(p: &packet::Packets) -> Vec<Option<(Event, SocketAddr)>> {
+        p.packets
+            .par_iter()
+            .map(|x| {
+                deserialize(&x.data[0..x.meta.size])
+                    .map(|req| (req, x.meta.addr()))
+                    .ok()
+            })
+            .collect()
+    }
+
+    /// Split Request list into verified transactions and the rest
+    fn serialize_response(
+        resp: Response,
+        rsp_addr: SocketAddr,
+        blob_recycler: &packet::BlobRecycler,
+    ) -> Result<packet::SharedBlob> {
+        let blob = blob_recycler.allocate();
+        {
+            let mut b = blob.write().unwrap();
+            let v = serialize(&resp)?;
+            let len = v.len();
+            b.data[..len].copy_from_slice(&v);
+            b.meta.size = len;
+            b.meta.set_addr(&rsp_addr);
+        }
+        Ok(blob)
+    }
+
+    fn serialize_responses(
+        rsps: Vec<(Response, SocketAddr)>,
+        blob_recycler: &packet::BlobRecycler,
+    ) -> Result<VecDeque<packet::SharedBlob>> {
+        let mut blobs = VecDeque::new();
+        for (resp, rsp_addr) in rsps {
+            blobs.push_back(Self::serialize_response(resp, rsp_addr, blob_recycler)?);
+        }
+        Ok(blobs)
+    }
+
+    pub fn process_request_packets(
+        &self,
+        packet_receiver: &Receiver<SharedPackets>,
+        blob_sender: &streamer::BlobSender,
+        packet_recycler: &packet::PacketRecycler,
+        blob_recycler: &packet::BlobRecycler,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        let (batch, batch_len) = streamer::recv_batch(packet_receiver)?;
+
+        info!(
+            "@{:?} request_stage: processing: {}",
+            timing::timestamp(),
+            batch_len
+        );
+
+        let mut reqs_len = 0;
+        let proc_start = Instant::now();
+        for msgs in batch {
+            let reqs: Vec<_> = Self::deserialize_requests(&msgs.read().unwrap())
+                .into_iter()
+                .filter_map(|x| x)
+                .collect();
+            reqs_len += reqs.len();
+
+            let rsps = self.process_requests(reqs);
+
+            let blobs = Self::serialize_responses(rsps, blob_recycler)?;
+            if !blobs.is_empty() {
+                info!("process: sending blobs: {}", blobs.len());
+                //don't wake up the other side if there is nothing
+                blob_sender.send(blobs)?;
+            }
+            packet_recycler.recycle(msgs);
+        }
+        let total_time_s = timing::duration_as_s(&proc_start.elapsed());
+        let total_time_ms = timing::duration_as_ms(&proc_start.elapsed());
+        info!(
+            "@{:?} done process batches: {} time: {:?}ms reqs: {} reqs/s: {}",
+            timing::timestamp(),
+            batch_len,
+            total_time_ms,
+            reqs_len,
+            (reqs_len as f32) / (total_time_s)
+        );
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}

src/request_stage.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+//! The `request_stage` processes thin client Request messages.
+
+use packet;
+use packet::SharedPackets;
+use request_processor::RequestProcessor;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+use std::sync::mpsc::{channel, Receiver};
+use std::thread::{spawn, JoinHandle};
+use streamer;
+
+pub struct RequestStage {
+    pub thread_hdl: JoinHandle<()>,
+    pub blob_receiver: streamer::BlobReceiver,
+    pub request_processor: Arc<RequestProcessor>,
+}
+
+impl RequestStage {
+    pub fn new(
+        request_processor: RequestProcessor,
+        exit: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+        packet_receiver: Receiver<SharedPackets>,
+        packet_recycler: packet::PacketRecycler,
+        blob_recycler: packet::BlobRecycler,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let request_processor = Arc::new(request_processor);
+        let request_processor_ = request_processor.clone();
+        let (blob_sender, blob_receiver) = channel();
+        let thread_hdl = spawn(move || loop {
+            let e = request_processor_.process_request_packets(
+                &packet_receiver,
+                &blob_sender,
+                &packet_recycler,
+                &blob_recycler,
+            );
+            if e.is_err() {
+                if exit.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        });
+        RequestStage {
+            thread_hdl,
+            blob_receiver,
+            request_processor,
+        }
+    }
+}

src/result.rs

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 //! The `result` module exposes a Result type that propagates one of many different Error types.
 
+use bank;
 use bincode;
 use serde_json;
 use std;
 use std::any::Any;
-use accountant;
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub enum Error {
@@ -15,9 +15,11 @@ pub enum Error {
     RecvError(std::sync::mpsc::RecvError),
     RecvTimeoutError(std::sync::mpsc::RecvTimeoutError),
     Serialize(std::boxed::Box<bincode::ErrorKind>),
-    AccountingError(accountant::AccountingError),
+    BankError(bank::BankError),
     SendError,
     Services,
+    CrdtTooSmall,
+    GenericError,
 }
 
 pub type Result<T> = std::result::Result<T, Error>;
@@ -32,9 +34,9 @@ impl std::convert::From<std::sync::mpsc::RecvTimeoutError> for Error {
         Error::RecvTimeoutError(e)
     }
 }
-impl std::convert::From<accountant::AccountingError> for Error {
+impl std::convert::From<bank::BankError> for Error {
-    fn from(e: accountant::AccountingError) -> Error {
+    fn from(e: bank::BankError) -> Error {
-        Error::AccountingError(e)
+        Error::BankError(e)
     }
 }
 impl<T> std::convert::From<std::sync::mpsc::SendError<T>> for Error {
@@ -77,9 +79,10 @@ mod tests {
     use std::io;
     use std::io::Write;
     use std::net::SocketAddr;
-    use std::sync::mpsc::channel;
+    use std::panic;
     use std::sync::mpsc::RecvError;
     use std::sync::mpsc::RecvTimeoutError;
+    use std::sync::mpsc::channel;
     use std::thread;
 
     fn addr_parse_error() -> Result<SocketAddr> {
@@ -88,6 +91,7 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     fn join_error() -> Result<()> {
+        panic::set_hook(Box::new(|_info| {}));
         let r = thread::spawn(|| panic!("hi")).join()?;
         Ok(r)
     }

src/rpu.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+//! The `rpu` module implements the Request Processing Unit, a
+//! 5-stage transaction processing pipeline in software.
+
+use bank::Bank;
+use packet;
+use request_processor::RequestProcessor;
+use request_stage::RequestStage;
+use std::net::UdpSocket;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool;
+use std::sync::mpsc::channel;
+use std::thread::JoinHandle;
+use streamer;
+
+pub struct Rpu {
+    pub thread_hdls: Vec<JoinHandle<()>>,
+}
+
+impl Rpu {
+    pub fn new(
+        bank: Arc<Bank>,
+        requests_socket: UdpSocket,
+        respond_socket: UdpSocket,
+        exit: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let packet_recycler = packet::PacketRecycler::default();
+        let (packet_sender, packet_receiver) = channel();
+        let t_receiver = streamer::receiver(
+            requests_socket,
+            exit.clone(),
+            packet_recycler.clone(),
+            packet_sender,
+        );
+
+        let blob_recycler = packet::BlobRecycler::default();
+        let request_processor = RequestProcessor::new(bank.clone());
+        let request_stage = RequestStage::new(
+            request_processor,
+            exit.clone(),
+            packet_receiver,
+            packet_recycler.clone(),
+            blob_recycler.clone(),
+        );
+
+        let t_responder = streamer::responder(
+            respond_socket,
+            exit.clone(),
+            blob_recycler.clone(),
+            request_stage.blob_receiver,
+        );
+
+        let thread_hdls = vec![t_receiver, t_responder, request_stage.thread_hdl];
+        Rpu { thread_hdls }
+    }
+}

src/server.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+//! The `server` module hosts all the server microservices.
+
+use bank::Bank;
+use crdt::ReplicatedData;
+use hash::Hash;
+use rpu::Rpu;
+use std::io::Write;
+use std::net::UdpSocket;
+use std::sync::Arc;
+use std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool;
+use std::thread::JoinHandle;
+use std::time::Duration;
+use tpu::Tpu;
+use tvu::Tvu;
+
+pub struct Server {
+    pub thread_hdls: Vec<JoinHandle<()>>,
+}
+
+impl Server {
+    pub fn new_leader<W: Write + Send + 'static>(
+        bank: Bank,
+        start_hash: Hash,
+        tick_duration: Option<Duration>,
+        me: ReplicatedData,
+        requests_socket: UdpSocket,
+        events_socket: UdpSocket,
+        broadcast_socket: UdpSocket,
+        respond_socket: UdpSocket,
+        gossip_socket: UdpSocket,
+        exit: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+        writer: W,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let bank = Arc::new(bank);
+        let mut thread_hdls = vec![];
+        let rpu = Rpu::new(bank.clone(), requests_socket, respond_socket, exit.clone());
+        thread_hdls.extend(rpu.thread_hdls);
+        let tpu = Tpu::new(
+            bank.clone(),
+            start_hash,
+            tick_duration,
+            me,
+            events_socket,
+            broadcast_socket,
+            gossip_socket,
+            exit.clone(),
+            writer,
+        );
+        thread_hdls.extend(tpu.thread_hdls);
+        Server { thread_hdls }
+    }
+    pub fn new_validator(
+        bank: Bank,
+        me: ReplicatedData,
+        requests_socket: UdpSocket,
+        respond_socket: UdpSocket,
+        replicate_socket: UdpSocket,
+        gossip_socket: UdpSocket,
+        leader_repl_data: ReplicatedData,
+        exit: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let bank = Arc::new(bank);
+        let mut thread_hdls = vec![];
+        let rpu = Rpu::new(bank.clone(), requests_socket, respond_socket, exit.clone());
+        thread_hdls.extend(rpu.thread_hdls);
+        let tvu = Tvu::new(
+            bank.clone(),
+            me,
+            gossip_socket,
+            replicate_socket,
+            leader_repl_data,
+            exit.clone(),
+        );
+        thread_hdls.extend(tvu.thread_hdls);
+        Server { thread_hdls }
+    }
+}

src/sig_verify_stage.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+//! The `sig_verify_stage` implements the signature verification stage of the TPU.
+
+use ecdsa;
+use packet::SharedPackets;
+use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};
+use result::Result;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+use std::sync::mpsc::{channel, Receiver, Sender};
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+use std::thread::{spawn, JoinHandle};
+use std::time::Instant;
+use streamer;
+use timing;
+
+pub struct SigVerifyStage {
+    pub verified_receiver: Receiver<Vec<(SharedPackets, Vec<u8>)>>,
+    pub thread_hdls: Vec<JoinHandle<()>>,
+}
+
+impl SigVerifyStage {
+    pub fn new(exit: Arc<AtomicBool>, packet_receiver: Receiver<SharedPackets>) -> Self {
+        let (verified_sender, verified_receiver) = channel();
+        let thread_hdls = Self::verifier_services(exit, packet_receiver, verified_sender);
+        SigVerifyStage {
+            thread_hdls,
+            verified_receiver,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn verify_batch(batch: Vec<SharedPackets>) -> Vec<(SharedPackets, Vec<u8>)> {
+        let r = ecdsa::ed25519_verify(&batch);
+        batch.into_iter().zip(r).collect()
+    }
+
+    fn verifier(
+        recvr: &Arc<Mutex<streamer::PacketReceiver>>,
+        sendr: &Arc<Mutex<Sender<Vec<(SharedPackets, Vec<u8>)>>>>,
+    ) -> Result<()> {
+        let (batch, len) =
+            streamer::recv_batch(&recvr.lock().expect("'recvr' lock in fn verifier"))?;
+
+        let now = Instant::now();
+        let batch_len = batch.len();
+        let rand_id = thread_rng().gen_range(0, 100);
+        info!(
+            "@{:?} verifier: verifying: {} id: {}",
+            timing::timestamp(),
+            batch.len(),
+            rand_id
+        );
+
+        let verified_batch = Self::verify_batch(batch);
+        sendr
+            .lock()
+            .expect("lock in fn verify_batch in tpu")
+            .send(verified_batch)?;
+
+        let total_time_ms = timing::duration_as_ms(&now.elapsed());
+        let total_time_s = timing::duration_as_s(&now.elapsed());
+        info!(
+            "@{:?} verifier: done. batches: {} total verify time: {:?} id: {} verified: {} v/s {}",
+            timing::timestamp(),
+            batch_len,
+            total_time_ms,
+            rand_id,
+            len,
+            (len as f32 / total_time_s)
+        );
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn verifier_service(
+        exit: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+        packet_receiver: Arc<Mutex<streamer::PacketReceiver>>,
+        verified_sender: Arc<Mutex<Sender<Vec<(SharedPackets, Vec<u8>)>>>>,
+    ) -> JoinHandle<()> {
+        spawn(move || loop {
+            let e = Self::verifier(&packet_receiver.clone(), &verified_sender.clone());
+            if e.is_err() && exit.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+                break;
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn verifier_services(
+        exit: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+        packet_receiver: streamer::PacketReceiver,
+        verified_sender: Sender<Vec<(SharedPackets, Vec<u8>)>>,
+    ) -> Vec<JoinHandle<()>> {
+        let sender = Arc::new(Mutex::new(verified_sender));
+        let receiver = Arc::new(Mutex::new(packet_receiver));
+        (0..4)
+            .map(|_| Self::verifier_service(exit.clone(), receiver.clone(), sender.clone()))
+            .collect()
+    }
+}

src/signature.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
 //! The `signature` module provides functionality for public, and private keys.
 
-use generic_array::typenum::{U32, U64};
 use generic_array::GenericArray;
+use generic_array::typenum::{U32, U64};
+use rand::{ChaChaRng, Rng, SeedableRng};
+use rayon::prelude::*;
+use ring::error::Unspecified;
+use ring::rand::SecureRandom;
 use ring::signature::Ed25519KeyPair;
 use ring::{rand, signature};
+use std::cell::RefCell;
 use untrusted;
 
 pub type KeyPair = Ed25519KeyPair;
@@ -19,8 +24,10 @@ impl KeyPairUtil for Ed25519KeyPair {
     /// Return a new ED25519 keypair
     fn new() -> Self {
         let rng = rand::SystemRandom::new();
-        let pkcs8_bytes = signature::Ed25519KeyPair::generate_pkcs8(&rng).unwrap();
+        let pkcs8_bytes = signature::Ed25519KeyPair::generate_pkcs8(&rng)
-        signature::Ed25519KeyPair::from_pkcs8(untrusted::Input::from(&pkcs8_bytes)).unwrap()
+            .expect("generate_pkcs8 in signature pb fn new");
+        signature::Ed25519KeyPair::from_pkcs8(untrusted::Input::from(&pkcs8_bytes))
+            .expect("from_pcks8 in signature pb fn new")
     }
 
     /// Return the public key for the given keypair
@@ -41,3 +48,92 @@ impl SignatureUtil for GenericArray<u8, U64> {
         signature::verify(&signature::ED25519, peer_public_key, msg, sig).is_ok()
     }
 }
+
+pub struct GenKeys {
+    // This is necessary because the rng needs to mutate its state to remain
+    // deterministic, and the fill trait requires an immuatble reference to self
+    generator: RefCell<ChaChaRng>,
+}
+
+impl GenKeys {
+    pub fn new(seed: &[u8]) -> GenKeys {
+        let seed32: Vec<_> = seed.iter().map(|&x| x as u32).collect();
+        let rng = ChaChaRng::from_seed(&seed32);
+        GenKeys {
+            generator: RefCell::new(rng),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_key(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
+        KeyPair::generate_pkcs8(self).unwrap().to_vec()
+    }
+
+    pub fn gen_n_seeds(&self, n: i64) -> Vec<[u8; 16]> {
+        let mut rng = self.generator.borrow_mut();
+        (0..n).map(|_| rng.gen()).collect()
+    }
+
+    pub fn gen_n_keypairs(&self, n: i64) -> Vec<KeyPair> {
+        self.gen_n_seeds(n)
+            .into_par_iter()
+            .map(|seed| {
+                let pkcs8 = GenKeys::new(&seed).new_key();
+                KeyPair::from_pkcs8(untrusted::Input::from(&pkcs8)).unwrap()
+            })
+            .collect()
+    }
+}
+
+impl SecureRandom for GenKeys {
+    fn fill(&self, dest: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), Unspecified> {
+        let mut rng = self.generator.borrow_mut();
+        rng.fill_bytes(dest);
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use std::collections::HashSet;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_new_key_is_deterministic() {
+        let seed = [1, 2, 3, 4];
+        let rng0 = GenKeys::new(&seed);
+        let rng1 = GenKeys::new(&seed);
+
+        for _ in 0..100 {
+            assert_eq!(rng0.new_key(), rng1.new_key());
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn gen_n_pubkeys(seed: &[u8], n: i64) -> HashSet<PublicKey> {
+        GenKeys::new(&seed)
+            .gen_n_keypairs(n)
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|x| x.pubkey())
+            .collect()
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_gen_n_pubkeys_deterministic() {
+        let seed = [1, 2, 3, 4];
+        assert_eq!(gen_n_pubkeys(&seed, 50), gen_n_pubkeys(&seed, 50));
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(all(feature = "unstable", test))]
+mod bench {
+    extern crate test;
+
+    use self::test::Bencher;
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[bench]
+    fn bench_gen_keys(b: &mut Bencher) {
+        let seed: &[_] = &[1, 2, 3, 4];
+        let rnd = GenKeys::new(seed);
+        b.iter(|| rnd.gen_n_keypairs(1000));
+    }
+}

src/streamer.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
 //! The `streamer` module defines a set of services for effecently pulling data from udp sockets.
-use packet::{Blob, BlobRecycler, PacketRecycler, SharedBlob, SharedPackets, NUM_BLOBS};
+use crdt::Crdt;
-use result::Result;
+#[cfg(feature = "erasure")]
+use erasure;
+use packet::{Blob, BlobRecycler, PacketRecycler, SharedBlob, SharedPackets};
+use result::{Error, Result};
 use std::collections::VecDeque;
-use std::net::UdpSocket;
+use std::net::{SocketAddr, UdpSocket};
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
 use std::sync::mpsc;
 use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
 use std::thread::{spawn, JoinHandle};
 use std::time::Duration;
-use subscribers::Subscribers;
 
+pub const WINDOW_SIZE: usize = 2 * 1024;
 pub type PacketReceiver = mpsc::Receiver<SharedPackets>;
 pub type PacketSender = mpsc::Sender<SharedPackets>;
 pub type BlobSender = mpsc::Sender<VecDeque<SharedBlob>>;
@@ -25,7 +28,10 @@ fn recv_loop(
         let msgs = re.allocate();
         let msgs_ = msgs.clone();
         loop {
-            match msgs.write().unwrap().recv_from(sock) {
+            match msgs.write()
+                .expect("write lock in fn recv_loop")
+                .recv_from(sock)
+            {
                 Ok(()) => {
                     channel.send(msgs_)?;
                     break;
@@ -45,14 +51,16 @@ pub fn receiver(
     sock: UdpSocket,
     exit: Arc<AtomicBool>,
     recycler: PacketRecycler,
-    channel: PacketSender,
+    packet_sender: PacketSender,
-) -> Result<JoinHandle<()>> {
+) -> JoinHandle<()> {
-    let timer = Duration::new(1, 0);
+    let res = sock.set_read_timeout(Some(Duration::new(1, 0)));
-    sock.set_read_timeout(Some(timer))?;
+    if res.is_err() {
-    Ok(spawn(move || {
+        panic!("streamer::receiver set_read_timeout error");
-        let _ = recv_loop(&sock, &exit, &recycler, &channel);
+    }
+    spawn(move || {
+        let _ = recv_loop(&sock, &exit, &recycler, &packet_sender);
         ()
-    }))
+    })
 }
 
 fn recv_send(sock: &UdpSocket, recycler: &BlobRecycler, r: &BlobReceiver) -> Result<()> {
@@ -62,6 +70,25 @@ fn recv_send(sock: &UdpSocket, recycler: &BlobRecycler, r: &BlobReceiver) -> Res
     Ok(())
 }
 
+pub fn recv_batch(recvr: &PacketReceiver) -> Result<(Vec<SharedPackets>, usize)> {
+    let timer = Duration::new(1, 0);
+    let msgs = recvr.recv_timeout(timer)?;
+    trace!("got msgs");
+    let mut len = msgs.read().unwrap().packets.len();
+    let mut batch = vec![msgs];
+    while let Ok(more) = recvr.try_recv() {
+        trace!("got more msgs");
+        len += more.read().unwrap().packets.len();
+        batch.push(more);
+
+        if len > 100_000 {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    debug!("batch len {}", batch.len());
+    Ok((batch, len))
+}
+
 pub fn responder(
     sock: UdpSocket,
     exit: Arc<AtomicBool>,
@@ -99,43 +126,99 @@ pub fn blob_receiver(
         if exit.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
             break;
         }
-        let ret = recv_blobs(&recycler, &sock, &s);
+        let _ = recv_blobs(&recycler, &sock, &s);
-        if ret.is_err() {
-            break;
-        }
     });
     Ok(t)
 }
 
+fn find_next_missing(
+    locked_window: &Arc<RwLock<Vec<Option<SharedBlob>>>>,
+    crdt: &Arc<RwLock<Crdt>>,
+    consumed: &mut usize,
+    received: &mut usize,
+) -> Result<Vec<(SocketAddr, Vec<u8>)>> {
+    if *received <= *consumed {
+        return Err(Error::GenericError);
+    }
+    let window = locked_window.read().unwrap();
+    let reqs: Vec<_> = (*consumed..*received)
+        .filter_map(|pix| {
+            let i = pix % WINDOW_SIZE;
+            if let &None = &window[i] {
+                let val = crdt.read().unwrap().window_index_request(pix as u64);
+                if let Ok((to, req)) = val {
+                    return Some((to, req));
+                }
+            }
+            None
+        })
+        .collect();
+    Ok(reqs)
+}
+
+fn repair_window(
+    locked_window: &Arc<RwLock<Vec<Option<SharedBlob>>>>,
+    crdt: &Arc<RwLock<Crdt>>,
+    last: &mut usize,
+    times: &mut usize,
+    consumed: &mut usize,
+    received: &mut usize,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    let reqs = find_next_missing(locked_window, crdt, consumed, received)?;
+    //exponential backoff
+    if *last != *consumed {
+        *times = 0;
+    }
+    *last = *consumed;
+    *times += 1;
+    //if times flips from all 1s 7 -> 8, 15 -> 16, we retry otherwise return Ok
+    if *times & (*times - 1) != 0 {
+        trace!("repair_window counter {} {}", *times, *consumed);
+        return Ok(());
+    }
+    info!("repair_window request {} {}", *consumed, *received);
+    let sock = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0")?;
+    for (to, req) in reqs {
+        //todo cache socket
+        sock.send_to(&req, to)?;
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
 fn recv_window(
-    window: &mut Vec<Option<SharedBlob>>,
+    locked_window: &Arc<RwLock<Vec<Option<SharedBlob>>>>,
-    subs: &Arc<RwLock<Subscribers>>,
+    crdt: &Arc<RwLock<Crdt>>,
     recycler: &BlobRecycler,
     consumed: &mut usize,
+    received: &mut usize,
     r: &BlobReceiver,
     s: &BlobSender,
     retransmit: &BlobSender,
 ) -> Result<()> {
-    let timer = Duration::new(1, 0);
+    let timer = Duration::from_millis(200);
     let mut dq = r.recv_timeout(timer)?;
+    let leader_id = crdt.read()
+        .expect("'crdt' read lock in fn recv_window")
+        .leader_data()
+        .id;
     while let Ok(mut nq) = r.try_recv() {
         dq.append(&mut nq)
     }
     {
         //retransmit all leader blocks
         let mut retransmitq = VecDeque::new();
-        let rsubs = subs.read().unwrap();
         for b in &dq {
-            let p = b.read().unwrap();
+            let p = b.read().expect("'b' read lock in fn recv_window");
             //TODO this check isn't safe against adverserial packets
             //we need to maintain a sequence window
             trace!(
-                "idx: {} addr: {:?} leader: {:?}",
+                "idx: {} addr: {:?} id: {:?} leader: {:?}",
-                p.get_index().unwrap(),
+                p.get_index().expect("get_index in fn recv_window"),
+                p.get_id().expect("get_id in trace! fn recv_window"),
                 p.meta.addr(),
-                rsubs.leader.addr
+                leader_id
             );
-            if p.meta.addr() == rsubs.leader.addr {
+            if p.get_id().expect("get_id in fn recv_window") == leader_id {
                 //TODO
                 //need to copy the retransmited blob
                 //otherwise we get into races with which thread
@@ -145,7 +228,7 @@ fn recv_window(
                 //is dropped via a weakref to the recycler
                 let nv = recycler.allocate();
                 {
-                    let mut mnv = nv.write().unwrap();
+                    let mut mnv = nv.write().expect("recycler write lock in fn recv_window");
                     let sz = p.meta.size;
                     mnv.meta.size = sz;
                     mnv.data[..sz].copy_from_slice(&p.data[..sz]);
@@ -161,68 +244,187 @@ fn recv_window(
     let mut contq = VecDeque::new();
     while let Some(b) = dq.pop_front() {
         let b_ = b.clone();
-        let p = b.write().unwrap();
+        let p = b.write().expect("'b' write lock in fn recv_window");
         let pix = p.get_index()? as usize;
-        let w = pix % NUM_BLOBS;
+        if pix > *received {
+            *received = pix;
+        }
+        let w = pix % WINDOW_SIZE;
         //TODO, after the block are authenticated
         //if we get different blocks at the same index
         //that is a network failure/attack
         trace!("window w: {} size: {}", w, p.meta.size);
         {
+            let mut window = locked_window.write().unwrap();
             if window[w].is_none() {
                 window[w] = Some(b_);
-            } else {
+            } else if let &Some(ref cblob) = &window[w] {
-                debug!("duplicate blob at index {:}", w);
+                if cblob.read().unwrap().get_index().unwrap() != pix as u64 {
+                    warn!("overrun blob at index {:}", w);
+                } else {
+                    debug!("duplicate blob at index {:}", w);
+                }
             }
             loop {
-                let k = *consumed % NUM_BLOBS;
+                let k = *consumed % WINDOW_SIZE;
                 trace!("k: {} consumed: {}", k, *consumed);
                 if window[k].is_none() {
                     break;
                 }
-                contq.push_back(window[k].clone().unwrap());
+                contq.push_back(window[k].clone().expect("clone in fn recv_window"));
                 window[k] = None;
                 *consumed += 1;
             }
         }
     }
+    {
+        let buf: Vec<_> = locked_window
+            .read()
+            .unwrap()
+            .iter()
+            .enumerate()
+            .map(|(i, v)| {
+                if i == (*consumed % WINDOW_SIZE) {
+                    assert!(v.is_none());
+                    "_"
+                } else if v.is_none() {
+                    "0"
+                } else {
+                    "1"
+                }
+            })
+            .collect();
+        trace!("WINDOW: {}", buf.join(""));
+    }
     trace!("sending contq.len: {}", contq.len());
     if !contq.is_empty() {
+        trace!("sending contq.len: {}", contq.len());
         s.send(contq)?;
     }
     Ok(())
 }
 
+pub fn default_window() -> Arc<RwLock<Vec<Option<SharedBlob>>>> {
+    Arc::new(RwLock::new(vec![None; WINDOW_SIZE]))
+}
+
 pub fn window(
     exit: Arc<AtomicBool>,
-    subs: Arc<RwLock<Subscribers>>,
+    crdt: Arc<RwLock<Crdt>>,
+    window: Arc<RwLock<Vec<Option<SharedBlob>>>>,
     recycler: BlobRecycler,
     r: BlobReceiver,
     s: BlobSender,
     retransmit: BlobSender,
 ) -> JoinHandle<()> {
     spawn(move || {
-        let mut window = vec![None; NUM_BLOBS];
         let mut consumed = 0;
+        let mut received = 0;
+        let mut last = 0;
+        let mut times = 0;
         loop {
             if exit.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
                 break;
             }
             let _ = recv_window(
-                &mut window,
+                &window,
-                &subs,
+                &crdt,
                 &recycler,
                 &mut consumed,
+                &mut received,
                 &r,
                 &s,
                 &retransmit,
             );
+            let _ = repair_window(
+                &window,
+                &crdt,
+                &mut last,
+                &mut times,
+                &mut consumed,
+                &mut received,
+            );
+        }
+    })
+}
+
+fn broadcast(
+    crdt: &Arc<RwLock<Crdt>>,
+    window: &Arc<RwLock<Vec<Option<SharedBlob>>>>,
+    recycler: &BlobRecycler,
+    r: &BlobReceiver,
+    sock: &UdpSocket,
+    transmit_index: &mut u64,
+) -> Result<()> {
+    let timer = Duration::new(1, 0);
+    let mut dq = r.recv_timeout(timer)?;
+    while let Ok(mut nq) = r.try_recv() {
+        dq.append(&mut nq);
+    }
+    let mut blobs = dq.into_iter().collect();
+    /// appends codes to the list of blobs allowing us to reconstruct the stream
+    #[cfg(feature = "erasure")]
+    erasure::generate_coding(re, blobs, consumed);
+    Crdt::broadcast(crdt, &blobs, &sock, transmit_index)?;
+    // keep the cache of blobs that are broadcast
+    {
+        let mut win = window.write().unwrap();
+        for b in &blobs {
+            let ix = b.read().unwrap().get_index().expect("blob index");
+            let pos = (ix as usize) % WINDOW_SIZE;
+            if let Some(x) = &win[pos] {
+                trace!(
+                    "popped {} at {}",
+                    x.read().unwrap().get_index().unwrap(),
+                    pos
+                );
+                recycler.recycle(x.clone());
+            }
+            trace!("null {}", pos);
+            win[pos] = None;
+            assert!(win[pos].is_none());
+        }
+        while let Some(b) = blobs.pop() {
+            let ix = b.read().unwrap().get_index().expect("blob index");
+            let pos = (ix as usize) % WINDOW_SIZE;
+            trace!("caching {} at {}", ix, pos);
+            assert!(win[pos].is_none());
+            win[pos] = Some(b);
+        }
+    }
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+/// Service to broadcast messages from the leader to layer 1 nodes.
+/// See `crdt` for network layer definitions.
+/// # Arguments
+/// * `sock` - Socket to send from.
+/// * `exit` - Boolean to signal system exit.
+/// * `crdt` - CRDT structure
+/// * `window` - Cache of blobs that we have broadcast
+/// * `recycler` - Blob recycler.
+/// * `r` - Receive channel for blobs to be retransmitted to all the layer 1 nodes.
+pub fn broadcaster(
+    sock: UdpSocket,
+    exit: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    crdt: Arc<RwLock<Crdt>>,
+    window: Arc<RwLock<Vec<Option<SharedBlob>>>>,
+    recycler: BlobRecycler,
+    r: BlobReceiver,
+) -> JoinHandle<()> {
+    spawn(move || {
+        let mut transmit_index = 0;
+        loop {
+            if exit.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+                break;
+            }
+            let _ = broadcast(&crdt, &window, &recycler, &r, &sock, &mut transmit_index);
         }
     })
 }
 
 fn retransmit(
-    subs: &Arc<RwLock<Subscribers>>,
+    crdt: &Arc<RwLock<Crdt>>,
     recycler: &BlobRecycler,
     r: &BlobReceiver,
     sock: &UdpSocket,
@@ -233,10 +435,8 @@ fn retransmit(
         dq.append(&mut nq);
     }
     {
-        let wsubs = subs.read().unwrap();
         for b in &dq {
-            let mut mb = b.write().unwrap();
+            Crdt::retransmit(&crdt, b, sock)?;
-            wsubs.retransmit(&mut mb, sock)?;
         }
     }
     while let Some(b) = dq.pop_front() {
@@ -246,26 +446,30 @@ fn retransmit(
 }
 
 /// Service to retransmit messages from the leader to layer 1 nodes.
-/// See `subscribers` for network layer definitions.
+/// See `crdt` for network layer definitions.
 /// # Arguments
 /// * `sock` - Socket to read from.  Read timeout is set to 1.
 /// * `exit` - Boolean to signal system exit.
-/// * `subs` - Shared Subscriber structure.  This structure needs to be updated and popualted by
+/// * `crdt` - This structure needs to be updated and populated by the bank and via gossip.
-/// the accountant.
 /// * `recycler` - Blob recycler.
 /// * `r` - Receive channel for blobs to be retransmitted to all the layer 1 nodes.
 pub fn retransmitter(
     sock: UdpSocket,
     exit: Arc<AtomicBool>,
-    subs: Arc<RwLock<Subscribers>>,
+    crdt: Arc<RwLock<Crdt>>,
     recycler: BlobRecycler,
     r: BlobReceiver,
 ) -> JoinHandle<()> {
-    spawn(move || loop {
+    spawn(move || {
-        if exit.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+        trace!("retransmitter started");
-            break;
+        loop {
+            if exit.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+                break;
+            }
+            // TODO: handle this error
+            let _ = retransmit(&crdt, &recycler, &r, &sock);
         }
-        let _ = retransmit(&subs, &recycler, &r, &sock);
+        trace!("exiting retransmitter");
     })
 }
 
@@ -335,12 +539,14 @@ mod bench {
     }
     fn run_streamer_bench() -> Result<()> {
         let read = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0")?;
+        read.set_read_timeout(Some(Duration::new(1, 0)))?;
+
         let addr = read.local_addr()?;
         let exit = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
         let pack_recycler = PacketRecycler::default();
 
         let (s_reader, r_reader) = channel();
-        let t_reader = receiver(read, exit.clone(), pack_recycler.clone(), s_reader)?;
+        let t_reader = receiver(read, exit.clone(), pack_recycler.clone(), s_reader);
         let t_producer1 = producer(&addr, pack_recycler.clone(), exit.clone());
         let t_producer2 = producer(&addr, pack_recycler.clone(), exit.clone());
         let t_producer3 = producer(&addr, pack_recycler.clone(), exit.clone());
@@ -356,7 +562,7 @@ mod bench {
         let time = elapsed.as_secs() * 10000000000 + elapsed.subsec_nanos() as u64;
         let ftime = (time as f64) / 10000000000f64;
         let fcount = (end_val - start_val) as f64;
-        println!("performance: {:?}", fcount / ftime);
+        trace!("performance: {:?}", fcount / ftime);
         exit.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
         t_reader.join()?;
         t_producer1.join()?;
@@ -373,7 +579,11 @@ mod bench {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod test {
+    use crdt::{Crdt, ReplicatedData};
+    use logger;
     use packet::{Blob, BlobRecycler, Packet, PacketRecycler, Packets, PACKET_DATA_SIZE};
+    use signature::KeyPair;
+    use signature::KeyPairUtil;
     use std::collections::VecDeque;
     use std::io;
     use std::io::Write;
@@ -381,17 +591,17 @@ mod test {
     use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
     use std::sync::mpsc::channel;
     use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
+    use std::thread::sleep;
     use std::time::Duration;
-    use streamer::{blob_receiver, receiver, responder, retransmitter, window, BlobReceiver,
+    use streamer::{default_window, BlobReceiver, PacketReceiver};
-                   PacketReceiver};
+    use streamer::{blob_receiver, receiver, responder, retransmitter, window};
-    use subscribers::{Node, Subscribers};
 
     fn get_msgs(r: PacketReceiver, num: &mut usize) {
         for _t in 0..5 {
             let timer = Duration::new(1, 0);
             match r.recv_timeout(timer) {
                 Ok(m) => *num += m.read().unwrap().packets.len(),
-                e => println!("error {:?}", e),
+                e => info!("error {:?}", e),
             }
             if *num == 10 {
                 break;
@@ -407,13 +617,15 @@ mod test {
     #[test]
     pub fn streamer_send_test() {
         let read = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").expect("bind");
+        read.set_read_timeout(Some(Duration::new(1, 0))).unwrap();
+
         let addr = read.local_addr().unwrap();
         let send = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").expect("bind");
         let exit = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
         let pack_recycler = PacketRecycler::default();
         let resp_recycler = BlobRecycler::default();
         let (s_reader, r_reader) = channel();
-        let t_receiver = receiver(read, exit.clone(), pack_recycler.clone(), s_reader).unwrap();
+        let t_receiver = receiver(read, exit.clone(), pack_recycler.clone(), s_reader);
         let (s_responder, r_responder) = channel();
         let t_responder = responder(send, exit.clone(), resp_recycler.clone(), r_responder);
         let mut msgs = VecDeque::new();
@@ -445,7 +657,7 @@ mod test {
                     }
                     *num += m.len();
                 }
-                e => println!("error {:?}", e),
+                e => info!("error {:?}", e),
             }
             if *num == 10 {
                 break;
@@ -455,24 +667,36 @@ mod test {
 
     #[test]
     pub fn window_send_test() {
+        let pubkey_me = KeyPair::new().pubkey();
         let read = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").expect("bind");
         let addr = read.local_addr().unwrap();
         let send = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").expect("bind");
+        let serve = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").expect("bind");
+        let event = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").expect("bind");
         let exit = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
-        let subs = Arc::new(RwLock::new(Subscribers::new(
+        let rep_data = ReplicatedData::new(
-            Node::default(),
+            pubkey_me,
-            Node::new([0; 8], 0, send.local_addr().unwrap()),
+            read.local_addr().unwrap(),
-            &[],
+            send.local_addr().unwrap(),
-        )));
+            serve.local_addr().unwrap(),
+            event.local_addr().unwrap(),
+        );
+        let mut crdt_me = Crdt::new(rep_data);
+        let me_id = crdt_me.my_data().id;
+        crdt_me.set_leader(me_id);
+        let subs = Arc::new(RwLock::new(crdt_me));
+
         let resp_recycler = BlobRecycler::default();
         let (s_reader, r_reader) = channel();
         let t_receiver =
             blob_receiver(exit.clone(), resp_recycler.clone(), read, s_reader).unwrap();
         let (s_window, r_window) = channel();
         let (s_retransmit, r_retransmit) = channel();
+        let win = default_window();
         let t_window = window(
             exit.clone(),
             subs,
+            win,
             resp_recycler.clone(),
             r_reader,
             s_window,
@@ -487,6 +711,7 @@ mod test {
             let b_ = b.clone();
             let mut w = b.write().unwrap();
             w.set_index(i).unwrap();
+            w.set_id(me_id).unwrap();
             assert_eq!(i, w.get_index().unwrap());
             w.meta.size = PACKET_DATA_SIZE;
             w.meta.set_addr(&addr);
@@ -507,43 +732,110 @@ mod test {
         t_window.join().expect("join");
     }
 
+    fn test_node() -> (Arc<RwLock<Crdt>>, UdpSocket, UdpSocket, UdpSocket) {
+        let gossip = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
+        let replicate = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
+        let serve = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
+        let event = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
+        let pubkey = KeyPair::new().pubkey();
+        let d = ReplicatedData::new(
+            pubkey,
+            gossip.local_addr().unwrap(),
+            replicate.local_addr().unwrap(),
+            serve.local_addr().unwrap(),
+            event.local_addr().unwrap(),
+        );
+        trace!("data: {:?}", d);
+        let crdt = Crdt::new(d);
+        (Arc::new(RwLock::new(crdt)), gossip, replicate, serve)
+    }
+
     #[test]
+    #[ignore]
+    //retransmit from leader to replicate target
     pub fn retransmit() {
-        let read = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").expect("bind");
+        logger::setup();
-        let send = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").expect("bind");
+        trace!("retransmit test start");
         let exit = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
-        let subs = Arc::new(RwLock::new(Subscribers::new(
+        let (crdt_leader, sock_gossip_leader, _, sock_leader) = test_node();
-            Node::default(),
+        let (crdt_target, sock_gossip_target, sock_replicate_target, _) = test_node();
-            Node::default(),
+        let leader_data = crdt_leader.read().unwrap().my_data().clone();
-            &[Node::new([0; 8], 1, read.local_addr().unwrap())],
+        crdt_leader.write().unwrap().insert(&leader_data);
-        )));
+        crdt_leader.write().unwrap().set_leader(leader_data.id);
+        let t_crdt_leader_g = Crdt::gossip(crdt_leader.clone(), exit.clone());
+        let window_leader = Arc::new(RwLock::new(vec![]));
+        let t_crdt_leader_l = Crdt::listen(
+            crdt_leader.clone(),
+            window_leader,
+            sock_gossip_leader,
+            exit.clone(),
+        );
+
+        crdt_target.write().unwrap().insert(&leader_data);
+        crdt_target.write().unwrap().set_leader(leader_data.id);
+        let t_crdt_target_g = Crdt::gossip(crdt_target.clone(), exit.clone());
+        let window_target = Arc::new(RwLock::new(vec![]));
+        let t_crdt_target_l = Crdt::listen(
+            crdt_target.clone(),
+            window_target,
+            sock_gossip_target,
+            exit.clone(),
+        );
+        //leader retransmitter
         let (s_retransmit, r_retransmit) = channel();
         let blob_recycler = BlobRecycler::default();
-        let saddr = send.local_addr().unwrap();
+        let saddr = sock_leader.local_addr().unwrap();
         let t_retransmit = retransmitter(
-            send,
+            sock_leader,
             exit.clone(),
-            subs,
+            crdt_leader.clone(),
             blob_recycler.clone(),
             r_retransmit,
         );
+
+        //target receiver
+        let (s_blob_receiver, r_blob_receiver) = channel();
+        let t_receiver = blob_receiver(
+            exit.clone(),
+            blob_recycler.clone(),
+            sock_replicate_target,
+            s_blob_receiver,
+        ).unwrap();
+        for _ in 0..10 {
+            let done = crdt_target.read().unwrap().update_index == 2
+                && crdt_leader.read().unwrap().update_index == 2;
+            if done {
+                break;
+            }
+            let timer = Duration::new(1, 0);
+            sleep(timer);
+        }
+
+        //send the data through
         let mut bq = VecDeque::new();
         let b = blob_recycler.allocate();
         b.write().unwrap().meta.size = 10;
         bq.push_back(b);
         s_retransmit.send(bq).unwrap();
-        let (s_blob_receiver, r_blob_receiver) = channel();
+        let timer = Duration::new(5, 0);
-        let t_receiver =
+        trace!("Waiting for timeout");
-            blob_receiver(exit.clone(), blob_recycler.clone(), read, s_blob_receiver).unwrap();
+        let mut oq = r_blob_receiver.recv_timeout(timer).unwrap();
-        let mut oq = r_blob_receiver.recv().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(oq.len(), 1);
         let o = oq.pop_front().unwrap();
         let ro = o.read().unwrap();
         assert_eq!(ro.meta.size, 10);
         assert_eq!(ro.meta.addr(), saddr);
         exit.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
-        t_receiver.join().expect("join");
+        let threads = vec![
-        t_retransmit.join().expect("join");
+            t_receiver,
+            t_retransmit,
+            t_crdt_target_g,
+            t_crdt_target_l,
+            t_crdt_leader_g,
+            t_crdt_leader_l,
+        ];
+        for t in threads {
+            t.join().unwrap();
+        }
     }
-
 }

src/subscribers.rs

@@ -1,149 +0,0 @@
-//! The `subscribers` module defines data structures to keep track of nodes on the network.
-//! The network is arranged in layers:
-//!
-//! * layer 0 - Leader.
-//! * layer 1 - As many nodes as we can fit to quickly get reliable `2/3+1` finality
-//! * layer 2 - Everyone else, if layer 1 is `2^10`, layer 2 should be able to fit `2^20` number of nodes.
-//!
-//! It's up to the external state machine to keep this updated.
-use packet::Blob;
-use rayon::prelude::*;
-use result::{Error, Result};
-use std::net::{SocketAddr, UdpSocket};
-
-use std::fmt;
-
-#[derive(Clone, PartialEq)]
-pub struct Node {
-    pub id: [u64; 8],
-    pub weight: u64,
-    pub addr: SocketAddr,
-}
-
-//sockaddr doesn't implement default
-impl Default for Node {
-    fn default() -> Node {
-        Node {
-            id: [0; 8],
-            weight: 0,
-            addr: "0.0.0.0:0".parse().unwrap(),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Node {
-    pub fn new(id: [u64; 8], weight: u64, addr: SocketAddr) -> Node {
-        Node { id, weight, addr }
-    }
-    fn key(&self) -> i64 {
-        (self.weight as i64).checked_neg().unwrap()
-    }
-}
-
-impl fmt::Debug for Node {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
-        write!(f, "Node {{ weight: {} addr: {} }}", self.weight, self.addr)
-    }
-}
-
-pub struct Subscribers {
-    data: Vec<Node>,
-    pub me: Node,
-    pub leader: Node,
-}
-
-impl Subscribers {
-    pub fn new(me: Node, leader: Node, network: &[Node]) -> Subscribers {
-        let mut h = Subscribers {
-            data: vec![],
-            me: me.clone(),
-            leader: leader.clone(),
-        };
-        h.insert(&[me, leader]);
-        h.insert(network);
-        h
-    }
-
-    /// retransmit messages from the leader to layer 1 nodes
-    pub fn retransmit(&self, blob: &mut Blob, s: &UdpSocket) -> Result<()> {
-        let errs: Vec<_> = self.data
-            .par_iter()
-            .map(|i| {
-                if self.me == *i {
-                    return Ok(0);
-                }
-                if self.leader == *i {
-                    return Ok(0);
-                }
-                trace!("retransmit blob to {}", i.addr);
-                s.send_to(&blob.data[..blob.meta.size], &i.addr)
-            })
-            .collect();
-        for e in errs {
-            trace!("retransmit result {:?}", e);
-            match e {
-                Err(e) => return Err(Error::IO(e)),
-                _ => (),
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-    pub fn insert(&mut self, ns: &[Node]) {
-        self.data.extend_from_slice(ns);
-        self.data.sort_by_key(Node::key);
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod test {
-    use packet::Blob;
-    use rayon::prelude::*;
-    use std::net::UdpSocket;
-    use std::time::Duration;
-    use subscribers::{Node, Subscribers};
-
-    #[test]
-    pub fn subscriber() {
-        let mut me = Node::default();
-        me.weight = 10;
-        let mut leader = Node::default();
-        leader.weight = 11;
-        let mut s = Subscribers::new(me, leader, &[]);
-        assert_eq!(s.data.len(), 2);
-        assert_eq!(s.data[0].weight, 11);
-        assert_eq!(s.data[1].weight, 10);
-        let mut n = Node::default();
-        n.weight = 12;
-        s.insert(&[n]);
-        assert_eq!(s.data.len(), 3);
-        assert_eq!(s.data[0].weight, 12);
-    }
-    #[test]
-    pub fn retransmit() {
-        let s1 = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").expect("bind");
-        let s2 = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").expect("bind");
-        let s3 = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").expect("bind");
-        let n1 = Node::new([0; 8], 0, s1.local_addr().unwrap());
-        let n2 = Node::new([0; 8], 0, s2.local_addr().unwrap());
-        let mut s = Subscribers::new(n1.clone(), n2.clone(), &[]);
-        let n3 = Node::new([0; 8], 0, s3.local_addr().unwrap());
-        s.insert(&[n3]);
-        let mut b = Blob::default();
-        b.meta.size = 10;
-        let s4 = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").expect("bind");
-        s.retransmit(&mut b, &s4).unwrap();
-        let res: Vec<_> = [s1, s2, s3]
-            .into_par_iter()
-            .map(|s| {
-                let mut b = Blob::default();
-                s.set_read_timeout(Some(Duration::new(1, 0))).unwrap();
-                s.recv_from(&mut b.data).is_err()
-            })
-            .collect();
-        assert_eq!(res, [true, true, false]);
-        let mut n4 = Node::default();
-        n4.addr = "255.255.255.255:1".parse().unwrap();
-        s.insert(&[n4]);
-        assert!(s.retransmit(&mut b, &s4).is_err());
-    }
-}

src/thin_client.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,454 @@
+//! The `thin_client` module is a client-side object that interfaces with
+//! a server-side TPU.  Client code should use this object instead of writing
+//! messages to the network directly. The binary encoding of its messages are
+//! unstable and may change in future releases.
+
+use bincode::{deserialize, serialize};
+use event::Event;
+use futures::future::{ok, FutureResult};
+use hash::Hash;
+use request::{Request, Response};
+use signature::{KeyPair, PublicKey, Signature};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::io;
+use std::net::{SocketAddr, UdpSocket};
+use transaction::Transaction;
+
+pub struct ThinClient {
+    requests_addr: SocketAddr,
+    requests_socket: UdpSocket,
+    events_addr: SocketAddr,
+    events_socket: UdpSocket,
+    last_id: Option<Hash>,
+    transaction_count: u64,
+    balances: HashMap<PublicKey, Option<i64>>,
+}
+
+impl ThinClient {
+    /// Create a new ThinClient that will interface with Rpu
+    /// over `requests_socket` and `events_socket`. To receive responses, the caller must bind `socket`
+    /// to a public address before invoking ThinClient methods.
+    pub fn new(
+        requests_addr: SocketAddr,
+        requests_socket: UdpSocket,
+        events_addr: SocketAddr,
+        events_socket: UdpSocket,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let client = ThinClient {
+            requests_addr,
+            requests_socket,
+            events_addr,
+            events_socket,
+            last_id: None,
+            transaction_count: 0,
+            balances: HashMap::new(),
+        };
+        client
+    }
+
+    pub fn recv_response(&self) -> io::Result<Response> {
+        let mut buf = vec![0u8; 1024];
+        trace!("start recv_from");
+        self.requests_socket.recv_from(&mut buf)?;
+        trace!("end recv_from");
+        let resp = deserialize(&buf).expect("deserialize balance in thin_client");
+        Ok(resp)
+    }
+
+    pub fn process_response(&mut self, resp: Response) {
+        match resp {
+            Response::Balance { key, val } => {
+                trace!("Response balance {:?} {:?}", key, val);
+                self.balances.insert(key, val);
+            }
+            Response::LastId { id } => {
+                info!("Response last_id {:?}", id);
+                self.last_id = Some(id);
+            }
+            Response::TransactionCount { transaction_count } => {
+                info!("Response transaction count {:?}", transaction_count);
+                self.transaction_count = transaction_count;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Send a signed Transaction to the server for processing. This method
+    /// does not wait for a response.
+    pub fn transfer_signed(&self, tr: Transaction) -> io::Result<usize> {
+        let event = Event::Transaction(tr);
+        let data = serialize(&event).expect("serialize Transaction in pub fn transfer_signed");
+        self.events_socket.send_to(&data, &self.events_addr)
+    }
+
+    /// Creates, signs, and processes a Transaction. Useful for writing unit-tests.
+    pub fn transfer(
+        &self,
+        n: i64,
+        keypair: &KeyPair,
+        to: PublicKey,
+        last_id: &Hash,
+    ) -> io::Result<Signature> {
+        let tr = Transaction::new(keypair, to, n, *last_id);
+        let sig = tr.sig;
+        self.transfer_signed(tr).map(|_| sig)
+    }
+
+    /// Request the balance of the user holding `pubkey`. This method blocks
+    /// until the server sends a response. If the response packet is dropped
+    /// by the network, this method will hang indefinitely.
+    pub fn get_balance(&mut self, pubkey: &PublicKey) -> io::Result<i64> {
+        trace!("get_balance");
+        let req = Request::GetBalance { key: *pubkey };
+        let data = serialize(&req).expect("serialize GetBalance in pub fn get_balance");
+        self.requests_socket
+            .send_to(&data, &self.requests_addr)
+            .expect("buffer error in pub fn get_balance");
+        let mut done = false;
+        while !done {
+            let resp = self.recv_response()?;
+            trace!("recv_response {:?}", resp);
+            if let &Response::Balance { ref key, .. } = &resp {
+                done = key == pubkey;
+            }
+            self.process_response(resp);
+        }
+        self.balances[pubkey].ok_or(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "nokey"))
+    }
+
+    /// Request the transaction count.  If the response packet is dropped by the network,
+    /// this method will hang.
+    pub fn transaction_count(&mut self) -> u64 {
+        info!("transaction_count");
+        let req = Request::GetTransactionCount;
+        let data =
+            serialize(&req).expect("serialize GetTransactionCount in pub fn transaction_count");
+        self.requests_socket
+            .send_to(&data, &self.requests_addr)
+            .expect("buffer error in pub fn transaction_count");
+        let mut done = false;
+        while !done {
+            let resp = self.recv_response().expect("transaction count dropped");
+            info!("recv_response {:?}", resp);
+            if let &Response::TransactionCount { .. } = &resp {
+                done = true;
+            }
+            self.process_response(resp);
+        }
+        self.transaction_count
+    }
+
+    /// Request the last Entry ID from the server. This method blocks
+    /// until the server sends a response.
+    pub fn get_last_id(&mut self) -> FutureResult<Hash, ()> {
+        info!("get_last_id");
+        let req = Request::GetLastId;
+        let data = serialize(&req).expect("serialize GetLastId in pub fn get_last_id");
+        self.requests_socket
+            .send_to(&data, &self.requests_addr)
+            .expect("buffer error in pub fn get_last_id");
+        let mut done = false;
+        while !done {
+            let resp = self.recv_response().expect("get_last_id response");
+            if let &Response::LastId { .. } = &resp {
+                done = true;
+            }
+            self.process_response(resp);
+        }
+        ok(self.last_id.expect("some last_id"))
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+pub fn poll_get_balance(client: &mut ThinClient, pubkey: &PublicKey) -> io::Result<i64> {
+    use std::time::Instant;
+
+    let mut balance;
+    let now = Instant::now();
+    loop {
+        balance = client.get_balance(pubkey);
+        if balance.is_ok() || now.elapsed().as_secs() > 1 {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    balance
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use bank::Bank;
+    use crdt::{Crdt, ReplicatedData};
+    use futures::Future;
+    use logger;
+    use mint::Mint;
+    use plan::Plan;
+    use server::Server;
+    use signature::{KeyPair, KeyPairUtil};
+    use std::io::sink;
+    use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+    use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
+    use std::thread::JoinHandle;
+    use std::thread::sleep;
+    use std::time::Duration;
+    use streamer::default_window;
+    use transaction::Instruction;
+    use tvu::tests::TestNode;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_thin_client() {
+        logger::setup();
+        let leader = TestNode::new();
+
+        let alice = Mint::new(10_000);
+        let bank = Bank::new(&alice);
+        let bob_pubkey = KeyPair::new().pubkey();
+        let exit = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
+
+        let server = Server::new_leader(
+            bank,
+            alice.last_id(),
+            Some(Duration::from_millis(30)),
+            leader.data.clone(),
+            leader.sockets.requests,
+            leader.sockets.event,
+            leader.sockets.broadcast,
+            leader.sockets.respond,
+            leader.sockets.gossip,
+            exit.clone(),
+            sink(),
+        );
+        sleep(Duration::from_millis(900));
+
+        let requests_socket = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0").unwrap();
+        let events_socket = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0").unwrap();
+
+        let mut client = ThinClient::new(
+            leader.data.requests_addr,
+            requests_socket,
+            leader.data.events_addr,
+            events_socket,
+        );
+        let last_id = client.get_last_id().wait().unwrap();
+        let _sig = client
+            .transfer(500, &alice.keypair(), bob_pubkey, &last_id)
+            .unwrap();
+        let balance = poll_get_balance(&mut client, &bob_pubkey);
+        assert_eq!(balance.unwrap(), 500);
+        exit.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        for t in server.thread_hdls {
+            t.join().unwrap();
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_bad_sig() {
+        logger::setup();
+        let leader = TestNode::new();
+        let alice = Mint::new(10_000);
+        let bank = Bank::new(&alice);
+        let bob_pubkey = KeyPair::new().pubkey();
+        let exit = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
+
+        let server = Server::new_leader(
+            bank,
+            alice.last_id(),
+            Some(Duration::from_millis(30)),
+            leader.data.clone(),
+            leader.sockets.requests,
+            leader.sockets.event,
+            leader.sockets.broadcast,
+            leader.sockets.respond,
+            leader.sockets.gossip,
+            exit.clone(),
+            sink(),
+        );
+        sleep(Duration::from_millis(300));
+
+        let requests_socket = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0").unwrap();
+        requests_socket
+            .set_read_timeout(Some(Duration::new(5, 0)))
+            .unwrap();
+        let events_socket = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0").unwrap();
+        let mut client = ThinClient::new(
+            leader.data.requests_addr,
+            requests_socket,
+            leader.data.events_addr,
+            events_socket,
+        );
+        let last_id = client.get_last_id().wait().unwrap();
+
+        let tr = Transaction::new(&alice.keypair(), bob_pubkey, 500, last_id);
+
+        let _sig = client.transfer_signed(tr).unwrap();
+
+        let last_id = client.get_last_id().wait().unwrap();
+
+        let mut tr2 = Transaction::new(&alice.keypair(), bob_pubkey, 501, last_id);
+        if let Instruction::NewContract(contract) = &mut tr2.instruction {
+            contract.tokens = 502;
+            contract.plan = Plan::new_payment(502, bob_pubkey);
+        }
+        let _sig = client.transfer_signed(tr2).unwrap();
+
+        let balance = poll_get_balance(&mut client, &bob_pubkey);
+        assert_eq!(balance.unwrap(), 500);
+        exit.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        for t in server.thread_hdls {
+            t.join().unwrap();
+        }
+    }
+    fn validator(
+        leader: &ReplicatedData,
+        exit: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+        alice: &Mint,
+        threads: &mut Vec<JoinHandle<()>>,
+    ) {
+        let validator = TestNode::new();
+        let replicant_bank = Bank::new(&alice);
+        let mut ts = Server::new_validator(
+            replicant_bank,
+            validator.data.clone(),
+            validator.sockets.requests,
+            validator.sockets.respond,
+            validator.sockets.replicate,
+            validator.sockets.gossip,
+            leader.clone(),
+            exit.clone(),
+        );
+        threads.append(&mut ts.thread_hdls);
+    }
+
+    fn converge(
+        leader: &ReplicatedData,
+        exit: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+        num_nodes: usize,
+        threads: &mut Vec<JoinHandle<()>>,
+    ) -> Vec<ReplicatedData> {
+        //lets spy on the network
+        let mut spy = TestNode::new();
+        let daddr = "0.0.0.0:0".parse().unwrap();
+        let me = spy.data.id.clone();
+        spy.data.replicate_addr = daddr;
+        spy.data.requests_addr = daddr;
+        let mut spy_crdt = Crdt::new(spy.data);
+        spy_crdt.insert(&leader);
+        spy_crdt.set_leader(leader.id);
+
+        let spy_ref = Arc::new(RwLock::new(spy_crdt));
+        let spy_window = default_window();
+        let t_spy_listen = Crdt::listen(
+            spy_ref.clone(),
+            spy_window,
+            spy.sockets.gossip,
+            exit.clone(),
+        );
+        let t_spy_gossip = Crdt::gossip(spy_ref.clone(), exit.clone());
+        //wait for the network to converge
+        let mut converged = false;
+        for _ in 0..30 {
+            let num = spy_ref.read().unwrap().convergence();
+            if num == num_nodes as u64 {
+                converged = true;
+                break;
+            }
+            sleep(Duration::new(1, 0));
+        }
+        assert!(converged);
+        threads.push(t_spy_listen);
+        threads.push(t_spy_gossip);
+        let v: Vec<ReplicatedData> = spy_ref
+            .read()
+            .unwrap()
+            .table
+            .values()
+            .into_iter()
+            .filter(|x| x.id != me)
+            .map(|x| x.clone())
+            .collect();
+        v.clone()
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn test_multi_node() {
+        logger::setup();
+        const N: usize = 5;
+        trace!("test_multi_accountant_stub");
+        let leader = TestNode::new();
+        let alice = Mint::new(10_000);
+        let bob_pubkey = KeyPair::new().pubkey();
+        let exit = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
+
+        let leader_bank = Bank::new(&alice);
+        let server = Server::new_leader(
+            leader_bank,
+            alice.last_id(),
+            None,
+            leader.data.clone(),
+            leader.sockets.requests,
+            leader.sockets.event,
+            leader.sockets.broadcast,
+            leader.sockets.respond,
+            leader.sockets.gossip,
+            exit.clone(),
+            sink(),
+        );
+
+        let mut threads = server.thread_hdls;
+        for _ in 0..N {
+            validator(&leader.data, exit.clone(), &alice, &mut threads);
+        }
+        let servers = converge(&leader.data, exit.clone(), N + 2, &mut threads);
+        //contains the leader addr as well
+        assert_eq!(servers.len(), N + 1);
+        //verify leader can do transfer
+        let leader_balance = tx_and_retry_get_balance(&leader.data, &alice, &bob_pubkey).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(leader_balance, 500);
+        //verify validator has the same balance
+        let mut success = 0usize;
+        for server in servers.iter() {
+            let mut client = mk_client(server);
+            if let Ok(bal) = poll_get_balance(&mut client, &bob_pubkey) {
+                trace!("validator balance {}", bal);
+                if bal == leader_balance {
+                    success += 1;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        assert_eq!(success, servers.len());
+        exit.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        for t in threads {
+            t.join().unwrap();
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn mk_client(leader: &ReplicatedData) -> ThinClient {
+        let requests_socket = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0").unwrap();
+        requests_socket
+            .set_read_timeout(Some(Duration::new(1, 0)))
+            .unwrap();
+        let events_socket = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0").unwrap();
+
+        ThinClient::new(
+            leader.requests_addr,
+            requests_socket,
+            leader.events_addr,
+            events_socket,
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn tx_and_retry_get_balance(
+        leader: &ReplicatedData,
+        alice: &Mint,
+        bob_pubkey: &PublicKey,
+    ) -> io::Result<i64> {
+        let mut client = mk_client(leader);
+        trace!("getting leader last_id");
+        let last_id = client.get_last_id().wait().unwrap();
+        info!("executing leader transer");
+        let _sig = client
+            .transfer(500, &alice.keypair(), *bob_pubkey, &last_id)
+            .unwrap();
+        poll_get_balance(&mut client, bob_pubkey)
+    }
+
+}

src/timing.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+use std::time::Duration;
+use std::time::{SystemTime, UNIX_EPOCH};
+
+pub fn duration_as_ms(d: &Duration) -> u64 {
+    return (d.as_secs() * 1000) + (d.subsec_nanos() as u64 / 1_000_000);
+}
+
+pub fn duration_as_s(d: &Duration) -> f32 {
+    return d.as_secs() as f32 + (d.subsec_nanos() as f32 / 1_000_000_000.0);
+}
+
+pub fn timestamp() -> u64 {
+    let now = SystemTime::now()
+        .duration_since(UNIX_EPOCH)
+        .expect("create timestamp in timing");
+    return duration_as_ms(&now);
+}

src/tpu.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+//! The `tpu` module implements the Transaction Processing Unit, a
+//! 5-stage transaction processing pipeline in software.
+
+use bank::Bank;
+use banking_stage::BankingStage;
+use crdt::{Crdt, ReplicatedData};
+use hash::Hash;
+use packet;
+use record_stage::RecordStage;
+use sig_verify_stage::SigVerifyStage;
+use std::io::Write;
+use std::net::UdpSocket;
+use std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool;
+use std::sync::mpsc::channel;
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex, RwLock};
+use std::thread::JoinHandle;
+use std::time::Duration;
+use streamer;
+use write_stage::WriteStage;
+
+pub struct Tpu {
+    pub thread_hdls: Vec<JoinHandle<()>>,
+}
+
+impl Tpu {
+    pub fn new<W: Write + Send + 'static>(
+        bank: Arc<Bank>,
+        start_hash: Hash,
+        tick_duration: Option<Duration>,
+        me: ReplicatedData,
+        events_socket: UdpSocket,
+        broadcast_socket: UdpSocket,
+        gossip: UdpSocket,
+        exit: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+        writer: W,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let packet_recycler = packet::PacketRecycler::default();
+        let (packet_sender, packet_receiver) = channel();
+        let t_receiver = streamer::receiver(
+            events_socket,
+            exit.clone(),
+            packet_recycler.clone(),
+            packet_sender,
+        );
+
+        let sig_verify_stage = SigVerifyStage::new(exit.clone(), packet_receiver);
+
+        let blob_recycler = packet::BlobRecycler::default();
+        let banking_stage = BankingStage::new(
+            bank.clone(),
+            exit.clone(),
+            sig_verify_stage.verified_receiver,
+            packet_recycler.clone(),
+        );
+
+        let record_stage =
+            RecordStage::new(banking_stage.signal_receiver, &start_hash, tick_duration);
+
+        let write_stage = WriteStage::new(
+            bank.clone(),
+            exit.clone(),
+            blob_recycler.clone(),
+            Mutex::new(writer),
+            record_stage.entry_receiver,
+        );
+
+        let crdt = Arc::new(RwLock::new(Crdt::new(me)));
+        let t_gossip = Crdt::gossip(crdt.clone(), exit.clone());
+        let window = streamer::default_window();
+        let t_listen = Crdt::listen(crdt.clone(), window.clone(), gossip, exit.clone());
+
+        let t_broadcast = streamer::broadcaster(
+            broadcast_socket,
+            exit.clone(),
+            crdt.clone(),
+            window,
+            blob_recycler.clone(),
+            write_stage.blob_receiver,
+        );
+
+        let mut thread_hdls = vec![
+            t_receiver,
+            banking_stage.thread_hdl,
+            record_stage.thread_hdl,
+            write_stage.thread_hdl,
+            t_gossip,
+            t_listen,
+            t_broadcast,
+        ];
+        thread_hdls.extend(sig_verify_stage.thread_hdls.into_iter());
+        Tpu { thread_hdls }
+    }
+}

src/transaction.rs

@@ -12,37 +12,62 @@ pub const SIG_OFFSET: usize = 8;
 pub const PUB_KEY_OFFSET: usize = 80;
 
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
-pub struct TransactionData {
+pub struct Contract {
     pub tokens: i64,
-    pub last_id: Hash,
     pub plan: Plan,
 }
 
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
+pub enum Instruction {
+    NewContract(Contract),
+    ApplyTimestamp(DateTime<Utc>),
+    ApplySignature(Signature),
+}
+
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Clone)]
 pub struct Transaction {
     pub sig: Signature,
     pub from: PublicKey,
-    pub data: TransactionData,
+    pub instruction: Instruction,
+    pub last_id: Hash,
 }
 
 impl Transaction {
-    /// Create and sign a new Transaction. Used for unit-testing.
+    fn new_from_instruction(
-    pub fn new(from_keypair: &KeyPair, to: PublicKey, tokens: i64, last_id: Hash) -> Self {
+        from_keypair: &KeyPair,
+        instruction: Instruction,
+        last_id: Hash,
+    ) -> Self {
         let from = from_keypair.pubkey();
-        let plan = Plan::Pay(Payment { tokens, to });
         let mut tr = Transaction {
             sig: Signature::default(),
-            data: TransactionData {
+            instruction,
-                plan,
+            last_id,
-                tokens,
+            from,
-                last_id,
-            },
-            from: from,
         };
         tr.sign(from_keypair);
         tr
     }
 
+    /// Create and sign a new Transaction. Used for unit-testing.
+    pub fn new(from_keypair: &KeyPair, to: PublicKey, tokens: i64, last_id: Hash) -> Self {
+        let plan = Plan::Pay(Payment { tokens, to });
+        let instruction = Instruction::NewContract(Contract { plan, tokens });
+        Self::new_from_instruction(from_keypair, instruction, last_id)
+    }
+
+    /// Create and sign a new Witness Timestamp. Used for unit-testing.
+    pub fn new_timestamp(from_keypair: &KeyPair, dt: DateTime<Utc>, last_id: Hash) -> Self {
+        let instruction = Instruction::ApplyTimestamp(dt);
+        Self::new_from_instruction(from_keypair, instruction, last_id)
+    }
+
+    /// Create and sign a new Witness Signature. Used for unit-testing.
+    pub fn new_signature(from_keypair: &KeyPair, tx_sig: Signature, last_id: Hash) -> Self {
+        let instruction = Instruction::ApplySignature(tx_sig);
+        Self::new_from_instruction(from_keypair, instruction, last_id)
+    }
+
     /// Create and sign a postdated Transaction. Used for unit-testing.
     pub fn new_on_date(
         from_keypair: &KeyPair,
@@ -56,13 +81,11 @@ impl Transaction {
             (Condition::Timestamp(dt), Payment { tokens, to }),
             (Condition::Signature(from), Payment { tokens, to: from }),
         );
+        let instruction = Instruction::NewContract(Contract { plan, tokens });
         let mut tr = Transaction {
-            data: TransactionData {
+            instruction,
-                plan,
+            from,
-                tokens,
+            last_id,
-                last_id,
-            },
-            from: from,
             sig: Signature::default(),
         };
         tr.sign(from_keypair);
@@ -70,7 +93,10 @@ impl Transaction {
     }
 
     fn get_sign_data(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
-        serialize(&(&self.data)).unwrap()
+        let mut data = serialize(&(&self.instruction)).expect("serialize Contract");
+        let last_id_data = serialize(&(&self.last_id)).expect("serialize last_id");
+        data.extend_from_slice(&last_id_data);
+        data
     }
 
     /// Sign this transaction.
@@ -84,7 +110,11 @@ impl Transaction {
     }
 
     pub fn verify_plan(&self) -> bool {
-        self.data.plan.verify(self.data.tokens)
+        if let Instruction::NewContract(contract) = &self.instruction {
+            contract.plan.verify(contract.tokens)
+        } else {
+            true
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -152,13 +182,11 @@ mod tests {
             tokens: 0,
             to: Default::default(),
         });
+        let instruction = Instruction::NewContract(Contract { plan, tokens: 0 });
         let claim0 = Transaction {
-            data: TransactionData {
+            instruction,
-                plan,
-                tokens: 0,
-                last_id: Default::default(),
-            },
             from: Default::default(),
+            last_id: Default::default(),
             sig: Default::default(),
         };
         let buf = serialize(&claim0).unwrap();
@@ -172,10 +200,12 @@ mod tests {
         let keypair = KeyPair::new();
         let pubkey = keypair.pubkey();
         let mut tr = Transaction::new(&keypair, pubkey, 42, zero);
-        tr.data.tokens = 1_000_000; // <-- attack, part 1!
+        if let Instruction::NewContract(contract) = &mut tr.instruction {
-        if let Plan::Pay(ref mut payment) = tr.data.plan {
+            contract.tokens = 1_000_000; // <-- attack, part 1!
-            payment.tokens = tr.data.tokens; // <-- attack, part 2!
+            if let Plan::Pay(ref mut payment) = contract.plan {
-        };
+                payment.tokens = contract.tokens; // <-- attack, part 2!
+            }
+        }
         assert!(tr.verify_plan());
         assert!(!tr.verify_sig());
     }
@@ -188,9 +218,11 @@ mod tests {
         let pubkey1 = keypair1.pubkey();
         let zero = Hash::default();
         let mut tr = Transaction::new(&keypair0, pubkey1, 42, zero);
-        if let Plan::Pay(ref mut payment) = tr.data.plan {
+        if let Instruction::NewContract(contract) = &mut tr.instruction {
-            payment.to = thief_keypair.pubkey(); // <-- attack!
+            if let Plan::Pay(ref mut payment) = contract.plan {
-        };
+                payment.to = thief_keypair.pubkey(); // <-- attack!
+            }
+        }
         assert!(tr.verify_plan());
         assert!(!tr.verify_sig());
     }
@@ -210,14 +242,18 @@ mod tests {
         let keypair1 = KeyPair::new();
         let zero = Hash::default();
         let mut tr = Transaction::new(&keypair0, keypair1.pubkey(), 1, zero);
-        if let Plan::Pay(ref mut payment) = tr.data.plan {
+        if let Instruction::NewContract(contract) = &mut tr.instruction {
-            payment.tokens = 2; // <-- attack!
+            if let Plan::Pay(ref mut payment) = contract.plan {
+                payment.tokens = 2; // <-- attack!
+            }
         }
         assert!(!tr.verify_plan());
 
         // Also, ensure all branchs of the plan spend all tokens
-        if let Plan::Pay(ref mut payment) = tr.data.plan {
+        if let Instruction::NewContract(contract) = &mut tr.instruction {
-            payment.tokens = 0; // <-- whoops!
+            if let Plan::Pay(ref mut payment) = contract.plan {
+                payment.tokens = 0; // <-- whoops!
+            }
         }
         assert!(!tr.verify_plan());
     }

src/tvu.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+//! The `tvu` module implements the Transaction Validation Unit, a
+//! 5-stage transaction validation pipeline in software.
+//! 1. streamer
+//! - Incoming blobs are picked up from the replicate socket.
+//! 2. verifier
+//! - TODO Blobs are sent to the GPU, and while the memory is there the PoH stream is verified
+//! along with the ecdsa signature for the blob and each signature in all the transactions.  Blobs
+//! with errors are dropped, or marked for slashing.
+//! 3.a retransmit
+//! - Blobs originating from the parent (leader atm is the only parent), are retransmit to all the
+//! peers in the crdt.  Peers is everyone who is not me or the leader that has a known replicate
+//! address.
+//! 3.b window
+//! - Verified blobs are placed into a window, indexed by the counter set by the leader.sockets. This could
+//! be the PoH counter if its monitonically increasing in each blob.  Easure coding is used to
+//! recover any missing packets, and requests are made at random to peers and parents to retransmit
+//! a missing packet.
+//! 4. accountant
+//! - Contigous blobs are sent to the accountant for processing transactions
+//! 5. validator
+//! - TODO Validation messages are sent back to the leader
+
+use bank::Bank;
+use crdt::{Crdt, ReplicatedData};
+use packet;
+use replicate_stage::ReplicateStage;
+use std::net::UdpSocket;
+use std::sync::atomic::AtomicBool;
+use std::sync::mpsc::channel;
+use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
+use std::thread::JoinHandle;
+use streamer;
+
+pub struct Tvu {
+    pub thread_hdls: Vec<JoinHandle<()>>,
+}
+
+impl Tvu {
+    /// This service receives messages from a leader in the network and processes the transactions
+    /// on the bank state.
+    /// # Arguments
+    /// * `bank` - The bank state.
+    /// * `me` - my configuration
+    /// * `gossip` - my gosisp socket
+    /// * `replicte` - my replicte socket
+    /// * `leader` - leader configuration
+    /// * `exit` - The exit signal.
+    pub fn new(
+        bank: Arc<Bank>,
+        me: ReplicatedData,
+        gossip: UdpSocket,
+        replicate: UdpSocket,
+        leader: ReplicatedData,
+        exit: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        //replicate pipeline
+        let crdt = Arc::new(RwLock::new(Crdt::new(me)));
+        crdt.write()
+            .expect("'crdt' write lock in pub fn replicate")
+            .set_leader(leader.id);
+        crdt.write()
+            .expect("'crdt' write lock before insert() in pub fn replicate")
+            .insert(&leader);
+        let t_gossip = Crdt::gossip(crdt.clone(), exit.clone());
+        let window = streamer::default_window();
+        let t_listen = Crdt::listen(crdt.clone(), window.clone(), gossip, exit.clone());
+
+        // TODO pull this socket out through the public interface
+        // make sure we are on the same interface
+        let mut local = replicate.local_addr().expect("tvu: get local address");
+        local.set_port(0);
+        let write = UdpSocket::bind(local).expect("tvu: bind to local socket");
+
+        let blob_recycler = packet::BlobRecycler::default();
+        let (blob_sender, blob_receiver) = channel();
+        let t_blob_receiver = streamer::blob_receiver(
+            exit.clone(),
+            blob_recycler.clone(),
+            replicate,
+            blob_sender.clone(),
+        ).expect("tvu: blob receiver creation");
+        let (window_sender, window_receiver) = channel();
+        let (retransmit_sender, retransmit_receiver) = channel();
+
+        let t_retransmit = streamer::retransmitter(
+            write,
+            exit.clone(),
+            crdt.clone(),
+            blob_recycler.clone(),
+            retransmit_receiver,
+        );
+
+        //TODO
+        //the packets coming out of blob_receiver need to be sent to the GPU and verified
+        //then sent to the window, which does the erasure coding reconstruction
+        let t_window = streamer::window(
+            exit.clone(),
+            crdt.clone(),
+            window,
+            blob_recycler.clone(),
+            blob_receiver,
+            window_sender,
+            retransmit_sender,
+        );
+
+        let replicate_stage = ReplicateStage::new(
+            bank.clone(),
+            exit.clone(),
+            window_receiver,
+            blob_recycler.clone(),
+        );
+
+        let threads = vec![
+            //replicate threads
+            t_blob_receiver,
+            t_retransmit,
+            t_window,
+            replicate_stage.thread_hdl,
+            t_gossip,
+            t_listen,
+        ];
+        Tvu {
+            thread_hdls: threads,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+pub fn test_node() -> (ReplicatedData, UdpSocket, UdpSocket, UdpSocket, UdpSocket) {
+    use signature::{KeyPair, KeyPairUtil};
+
+    let events_socket = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
+    let gossip = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
+    let replicate = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
+    let requests_socket = UdpSocket::bind("127.0.0.1:0").unwrap();
+    requests_socket
+        .set_read_timeout(Some(Duration::new(1, 0)))
+        .unwrap();
+    let pubkey = KeyPair::new().pubkey();
+    let d = ReplicatedData::new(
+        pubkey,
+        gossip.local_addr().unwrap(),
+        replicate.local_addr().unwrap(),
+        requests_socket.local_addr().unwrap(),
+        events_socket.local_addr().unwrap(),
+    );
+    (d, gossip, replicate, requests_socket, events_socket)
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+pub mod tests {
+    use bank::Bank;
+    use bincode::serialize;
+    use crdt::Crdt;
+    use crdt::ReplicatedData;
+    use entry::Entry;
+    use event::Event;
+    use hash::{hash, Hash};
+    use logger;
+    use mint::Mint;
+    use packet::BlobRecycler;
+    use signature::{KeyPair, KeyPairUtil};
+    use std::collections::VecDeque;
+    use std::net::UdpSocket;
+    use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+    use std::sync::mpsc::channel;
+    use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
+    use std::time::Duration;
+    use streamer;
+    use tvu::Tvu;
+
+    /// Test that mesasge sent from leader to target1 and repliated to target2
+    #[test]
+    fn test_replicate() {
+        logger::setup();
+        let leader = TestNode::new();
+        let target1 = TestNode::new();
+        let target2 = TestNode::new();
+        let exit = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
+
+        //start crdt_leader
+        let mut crdt_l = Crdt::new(leader.data.clone());
+        crdt_l.set_leader(leader.data.id);
+
+        let cref_l = Arc::new(RwLock::new(crdt_l));
+        let t_l_gossip = Crdt::gossip(cref_l.clone(), exit.clone());
+        let window1 = streamer::default_window();
+        let t_l_listen = Crdt::listen(cref_l, window1, leader.sockets.gossip, exit.clone());
+
+        //start crdt2
+        let mut crdt2 = Crdt::new(target2.data.clone());
+        crdt2.insert(&leader.data);
+        crdt2.set_leader(leader.data.id);
+        let leader_id = leader.data.id;
+        let cref2 = Arc::new(RwLock::new(crdt2));
+        let t2_gossip = Crdt::gossip(cref2.clone(), exit.clone());
+        let window2 = streamer::default_window();
+        let t2_listen = Crdt::listen(cref2, window2, target2.sockets.gossip, exit.clone());
+
+        // setup some blob services to send blobs into the socket
+        // to simulate the source peer and get blobs out of the socket to
+        // simulate target peer
+        let recv_recycler = BlobRecycler::default();
+        let resp_recycler = BlobRecycler::default();
+        let (s_reader, r_reader) = channel();
+        let t_receiver = streamer::blob_receiver(
+            exit.clone(),
+            recv_recycler.clone(),
+            target2.sockets.replicate,
+            s_reader,
+        ).unwrap();
+
+        // simulate leader sending messages
+        let (s_responder, r_responder) = channel();
+        let t_responder = streamer::responder(
+            leader.sockets.requests,
+            exit.clone(),
+            resp_recycler.clone(),
+            r_responder,
+        );
+
+        let starting_balance = 10_000;
+        let mint = Mint::new(starting_balance);
+        let replicate_addr = target1.data.replicate_addr;
+        let bank = Arc::new(Bank::new(&mint));
+        let tvu = Tvu::new(
+            bank.clone(),
+            target1.data,
+            target1.sockets.gossip,
+            target1.sockets.replicate,
+            leader.data,
+            exit.clone(),
+        );
+
+        let mut alice_ref_balance = starting_balance;
+        let mut msgs = VecDeque::new();
+        let mut cur_hash = Hash::default();
+        let num_blobs = 10;
+        let transfer_amount = 501;
+        let bob_keypair = KeyPair::new();
+        for i in 0..num_blobs {
+            let b = resp_recycler.allocate();
+            let b_ = b.clone();
+            let mut w = b.write().unwrap();
+            w.set_index(i).unwrap();
+            w.set_id(leader_id).unwrap();
+
+            let entry0 = Entry::new(&cur_hash, i, vec![]);
+            bank.register_entry_id(&cur_hash);
+            cur_hash = hash(&cur_hash);
+
+            let tr1 = Event::new_transaction(
+                &mint.keypair(),
+                bob_keypair.pubkey(),
+                transfer_amount,
+                cur_hash,
+            );
+            bank.register_entry_id(&cur_hash);
+            cur_hash = hash(&cur_hash);
+            let entry1 = Entry::new(&cur_hash, i + num_blobs, vec![tr1]);
+            bank.register_entry_id(&cur_hash);
+            cur_hash = hash(&cur_hash);
+
+            alice_ref_balance -= transfer_amount;
+
+            let serialized_entry = serialize(&vec![entry0, entry1]).unwrap();
+
+            w.data_mut()[..serialized_entry.len()].copy_from_slice(&serialized_entry);
+            w.set_size(serialized_entry.len());
+            w.meta.set_addr(&replicate_addr);
+            drop(w);
+            msgs.push_back(b_);
+        }
+
+        // send the blobs into the socket
+        s_responder.send(msgs).expect("send");
+
+        // receive retransmitted messages
+        let timer = Duration::new(1, 0);
+        let mut msgs: Vec<_> = Vec::new();
+        while let Ok(msg) = r_reader.recv_timeout(timer) {
+            trace!("msg: {:?}", msg);
+            msgs.push(msg);
+        }
+
+        let alice_balance = bank.get_balance(&mint.keypair().pubkey()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(alice_balance, alice_ref_balance);
+
+        let bob_balance = bank.get_balance(&bob_keypair.pubkey()).unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(bob_balance, starting_balance - alice_ref_balance);
+
+        exit.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
+        for t in tvu.thread_hdls {
+            t.join().expect("join");
+        }
+        t2_gossip.join().expect("join");
+        t2_listen.join().expect("join");
+        t_receiver.join().expect("join");
+        t_responder.join().expect("join");
+        t_l_gossip.join().expect("join");
+        t_l_listen.join().expect("join");
+    }
+    pub struct Sockets {
+        pub gossip: UdpSocket,
+        pub requests: UdpSocket,
+        pub replicate: UdpSocket,
+        pub event: UdpSocket,
+        pub respond: UdpSocket,
+        pub broadcast: UdpSocket,
+    }
+    pub struct TestNode {
+        pub data: ReplicatedData,
+        pub sockets: Sockets,
+    }
+    impl TestNode {
+        pub fn new() -> TestNode {
+            let gossip = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0").unwrap();
+            let requests = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0").unwrap();
+            let event = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0").unwrap();
+            let replicate = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0").unwrap();
+            let respond = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0").unwrap();
+            let broadcast = UdpSocket::bind("0.0.0.0:0").unwrap();
+            let pubkey = KeyPair::new().pubkey();
+            let data = ReplicatedData::new(
+                pubkey,
+                gossip.local_addr().unwrap(),
+                replicate.local_addr().unwrap(),
+                requests.local_addr().unwrap(),
+                event.local_addr().unwrap(),
+            );
+            TestNode {
+                data: data,
+                sockets: Sockets {
+                    gossip,
+                    requests,
+                    replicate,
+                    event,
+                    respond,
+                    broadcast,
+                },
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}

src/write_stage.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+//! The `write_stage` module implements write stage of the RPU.
+
+use bank::Bank;
+use entry::Entry;
+use entry_writer::EntryWriter;
+use packet;
+use std::io::Write;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering};
+use std::sync::mpsc::{channel, Receiver};
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+use std::thread::{spawn, JoinHandle};
+use streamer;
+
+pub struct WriteStage {
+    pub thread_hdl: JoinHandle<()>,
+    pub blob_receiver: streamer::BlobReceiver,
+}
+
+impl WriteStage {
+    /// Create a new Rpu that wraps the given Bank.
+    pub fn new<W: Write + Send + 'static>(
+        bank: Arc<Bank>,
+        exit: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+        blob_recycler: packet::BlobRecycler,
+        writer: Mutex<W>,
+        entry_receiver: Receiver<Entry>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let (blob_sender, blob_receiver) = channel();
+        let thread_hdl = spawn(move || loop {
+            let entry_writer = EntryWriter::new(&bank);
+            let _ = entry_writer.write_and_send_entries(
+                &blob_sender,
+                &blob_recycler,
+                &writer,
+                &entry_receiver,
+            );
+            if exit.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+                info!("broadcat_service exiting");
+                break;
+            }
+        });
+
+        WriteStage {
+            thread_hdl,
+            blob_receiver,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_drain(
+        bank: Arc<Bank>,
+        exit: Arc<AtomicBool>,
+        entry_receiver: Receiver<Entry>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let (_blob_sender, blob_receiver) = channel();
+        let thread_hdl = spawn(move || {
+            let entry_writer = EntryWriter::new(&bank);
+            loop {
+                let _ = entry_writer.drain_entries(&entry_receiver);
+                if exit.load(Ordering::Relaxed) {
+                    info!("drain_service exiting");
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+        WriteStage {
+            thread_hdl,
+            blob_receiver,
+        }
+    }
+}