Additional tests for should_retransmit_and_persist (#6062) (#6070)

automerge

.appveyor.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+version: '{build}'
+
+branches:
+  only:
+  - master
+  - /^v[0-9.]+\.[0-9.]+/
+
+cache:
+  - '%USERPROFILE%\.cargo'
+  - '%APPVEYOR_BUILD_FOLDER%\target'
+
+clone_folder: d:\projects\solana
+
+build_script:
+  - bash ci/publish-tarball.sh
+
+notifications:
+  - provider: Slack
+    incoming_webhook:
+      secure: GJsBey+F5apAtUm86MHVJ68Uqa6WN1SImcuIc4TsTZrDhA8K1QWUNw9FFQPybUWDyOcS5dly3kubnUqlGt9ux6Ad2efsfRIQYWv0tOVXKeY=
+    channel: ci-status
+    on_build_success: false
+    on_build_failure: true
+    on_build_status_changed: true
+
+deploy:
+  - provider: S3
+    access_key_id:
+      secure: fTbJl6JpFebR40J7cOWZ2mXBa3kIvEiXgzxAj6L3N7A=
+    secret_access_key:
+      secure: vItsBXb2rEFLvkWtVn/Rcxu5a5+2EwC+b7GsA0waJy9hXh6XuBAD0lnHd9re3g/4
+    bucket: release.solana.com
+    region: us-west-1
+    set_public: true
+
+  - provider: GitHub
+    auth_token:
+      secure: 81fEmPZ0cV1wLtNuUrcmtgxKF6ROQF1+/ft5m+fHX21z6PoeCbaNo8cTyLioWBj7
+    draft: false
+    prerelease: false
+    on:
+      appveyor_repo_tag: true

.buildkite/env/secrets.ejson

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 {
     "_public_key": "ae29f4f7ad2fc92de70d470e411c8426d5d48db8817c9e3dae574b122192335f",
     "environment": {
-      "CODECOV_TOKEN": "EJ[1:yGpTmjdbyjW2kjgIHkFoJv7Ue7EbUvUbqHyw6anGgWg=:JnxhrIxh09AvqdJgrVSYmb7PxSrh19aE:07WzVExCHEd1lJ1m8QizRRthGri+WBNeZRKjjEvsy5eo4gv3HD7zVEm42tVTGkqITKkBNQ==]",
-      "CRATES_IO_TOKEN": "EJ[1:yGpTmjdbyjW2kjgIHkFoJv7Ue7EbUvUbqHyw6anGgWg=:d0jJqC32/axwzq/N7kMRmpxKhnRrhtpt:zvcPHwkOzGnjhNkAQSejwdy1Jkr9wR1qXFFCnfIjyt/XQYubzB1tLkoly/qdmeb5]",
-      "GEOLOCATION_API_KEY": "EJ[1:yGpTmjdbyjW2kjgIHkFoJv7Ue7EbUvUbqHyw6anGgWg=:R4gfB6Ey4i50HyfLt4UZDLBqg3qHEUye:UfZCOgt8XI6Y2g+ivCRVoS1fjFycFs7/GSevvCqh1B50mG0+hzpEyzXQLuKG5OeI]",
-      "GITHUB_TOKEN": "EJ[1:yGpTmjdbyjW2kjgIHkFoJv7Ue7EbUvUbqHyw6anGgWg=:Vq2dkGTOzfEpRht0BAGHFp/hDogMvXJe:tFXHg1epVt2mq9hkuc5sRHe+KAnVREi/p8S+IZu67XRyzdiA/nGak1k860FXYuuzuaE0QWekaEc=]",
-      "INFLUX_DATABASE": "EJ[1:yGpTmjdbyjW2kjgIHkFoJv7Ue7EbUvUbqHyw6anGgWg=:5KI9WBkXx3R/W4m256mU5MJOE7N8aAT9:Cb8QFELZ9I60t5zhJ9h55Kcs]",
-      "INFLUX_PASSWORD": "EJ[1:yGpTmjdbyjW2kjgIHkFoJv7Ue7EbUvUbqHyw6anGgWg=:hQRMpLCrav+OYkNphkeM4hagdVoZv5Iw:AUO76rr6+gF1OLJA8ZLSG8wHKXgYCPNk6gRCV8rBhZBJ4KwDaxpvOhMl7bxxXG6jol7v4aRa/Lk=]",
-      "INFLUX_USERNAME": "EJ[1:yGpTmjdbyjW2kjgIHkFoJv7Ue7EbUvUbqHyw6anGgWg=:R7BNmQjfeqoGDAFTJu9bYTGHol2NgnYN:Q2tOT/EBcFvhFk+DKLKmVU7tLCpVC3Ui]"
+      "CODECOV_TOKEN": "EJ[1:8iZ6baJB4fbBV+XDsrUooyGAnGL/8Ol+4Qd0zKh5YjI=:ks2/ElgxwgxqgmFcxTHANNLmj23YH74h:U4uzRONRfiQyqy6HrPQ/e7OnBUY4HkW37R0iekkF3KJ9UGnHqT1UvwgVbDqLahtDIJ4rWw==]",
+      "CRATES_IO_TOKEN": "EJ[1:8iZ6baJB4fbBV+XDsrUooyGAnGL/8Ol+4Qd0zKh5YjI=:lKMh3aLW+jyRrfS/c7yvkpB+TaPhXqLq:j0v27EbaPgwRdHZAbsM0FlAnt3r9ScQrFbWJYOAZtM3qestEiByTlKpZ0eyF/823]",
+      "GITHUB_TOKEN": "EJ[1:8iZ6baJB4fbBV+XDsrUooyGAnGL/8Ol+4Qd0zKh5YjI=:Ll78c3jGpYqnTwR7HJq3mNNUC7pOv9Lu:GrInO2r8MjmP5c54szkyygdsrW5KQYkDgJQUVyFEPyG8SWfchyM9Gur8RV0a+cdwuxNkHLi4U2M=]",
+      "INFLUX_DATABASE": "EJ[1:8iZ6baJB4fbBV+XDsrUooyGAnGL/8Ol+4Qd0zKh5YjI=:IlH/ZLTXv3SwlY3TVyAPCX2KzLRY6iG3:gGmUGSU/kCfR/mTwKONaUC/X]",
+      "INFLUX_PASSWORD": "EJ[1:8iZ6baJB4fbBV+XDsrUooyGAnGL/8Ol+4Qd0zKh5YjI=:o2qm95GU4VrrcC4OU06jjPvCwKZy/CZF:OW2ga3kLOQJvaDEdGRJ+gn3L2ckFm8AJZtv9wj/GeUIKDH2A4uBPTHsAH9PMe6zujpuHGk3qbeg=]",
+      "INFLUX_USERNAME": "EJ[1:8iZ6baJB4fbBV+XDsrUooyGAnGL/8Ol+4Qd0zKh5YjI=:yDWW/uIHsJqOTDYskZoSx3pzoB1vztWY:2z31oTA3g0Xs9fCczGNJRcx8xf/hFCed]",
+      "SOLANA_INSTALL_UPDATE_MANIFEST_KEYPAIR_x86_64_unknown_linux_gnu": "EJ[1:8iZ6baJB4fbBV+XDsrUooyGAnGL/8Ol+4Qd0zKh5YjI=:RqRaHlYUvGPNFJa6gmciaYM3tRJTURUH:q78/3GTHCN3Uqx9z4nOBjPZcO1lOazNoB/mdhGRDFsnAqVd2hU8zbKkqLrZfLlGqyD8WQOFuw5oTJR9qWg6L9LcOyj3pGL8jWF2yjgZxdtNMXnkbSrCWLooWBBLT61jYQnEwg73gT8ld3Q8EVv3T+MeSMu6FnPz+0+bqQCAGgfqksP4hsUAJGzgZu+i0tNOdlT7fxnh5KJK/yFM/CKgN2sRwEjukA9hXsffyB61g2zqzTDJxCUDLbCVrCkA/bfUk7Of/t0W5t0nK1H3oyGZEc/lRMauCknDBka3Gz11dVss2QT19WQNh0u7bHVaT/U4lepX1j9Zv]",
+      "SOLANA_INSTALL_UPDATE_MANIFEST_KEYPAIR_x86_64_apple_darwin": "EJ[1:8iZ6baJB4fbBV+XDsrUooyGAnGL/8Ol+4Qd0zKh5YjI=:wFDl3INEnA3EQDHRX40avqGe1OMoJxyy:6ncCRVRTIRuYI5o/gayeuWCudWvmKNYr8KEHAWeTq34a5bdcKInBdKhjmjX+wLHqsEwQ5gcyhcxy4Ri2mbuN6AHazfZOZlubQkGlyUOAIYO5D5jkbyIh40DAtjVzo1MD/0HsW9zdGOzqUKp5xJJeDsbR4F153jbxa7fvwF90Q4UQjYFTKAtExEmHtDGSJG48ToVwTabTV/OnISMIggDZBviIv2QWHvXgK07b2mUj34rHJywEDGN1nj5rITTDdUeRcB1x4BAMOe94kTFPSTaj/OszvYlGECt8rkKFqbm092qL+XLfiBaImqe/WJHRCnAj6Don]",
+      "SOLANA_INSTALL_UPDATE_MANIFEST_KEYPAIR_x86_64_pc_windows_msvc": "EJ[1:8iZ6baJB4fbBV+XDsrUooyGAnGL/8Ol+4Qd0zKh5YjI=:wAh+dBuZopv6vruVOYegUcq/aBnbksT1:qIJfCfDvDWiqicMOkmbJs/0n7UJLKNmgMQaKzeQ8J7Q60YpXbtWzKVW3tS6lzlgf64m3MrPXyo1C+mWh6jkjsb18T/OfggZy1ZHM4AcsOC6/ldUkV5YtuxUQuAmd5jCuV/R7iuYY8Z66AcfAevlb+bnLpgIifdA8fh/IktOo58nZUQwZDdppAacmftsLc6Frn5Er6A6+EXpxK1nmnlmLJ4AJztqlh6X0r+JvE2O7qeoZUXrIegnkxo7Aay7I/dd8zdYpp7ICSiTEtfVN/xNIu/5QmTRU7gWoz7cPl9epq4aiEALzPOzb6KVOiRcsOg+TlFvLQ71Ik5o=]"
     }
 }

.gitbook.yaml

@@ -1,18 +1,5 @@
-root: ./docs/src
+root: ./book/src
 
 structure:
     readme: introduction.md
     summary: SUMMARY.md
-
-redirects:
-    wallet: ./wallet-guide/README.md
-    wallet/app-wallets: ./wallet-guide/apps.md
-    wallet/app-wallets/trust-wallet: ./wallet-guide/trust-wallet.md
-    wallet/app-wallets/ledger-live:  ./wallet-guide/ledger-live.md
-    wallet/cli-wallets:  ./wallet-guide/cli.md
-    wallet/cli-wallets/paper-wallet:  ./paper-wallet/README.md
-    wallet/cli-wallets/paper-wallet/paper-wallet-usage: ./paper-wallet/paper-wallet-usage.md
-    wallet/cli-wallets/remote-wallet: ./hardware-wallets/README.md
-    wallet/cli-wallets/remote-wallet/ledger: ./hardware-wallets/ledger.md
-    wallet/cli-wallets/file-system-wallet: ./file-system-wallet/README.md
-    wallet/support: ./wallet-guide/support.md

.github/stale.yml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 only: pulls
 
 # Number of days of inactivity before a pull request becomes stale
-daysUntilStale: 7
+daysUntilStale: 30
 
 # Number of days of inactivity before a stale pull request is closed
 daysUntilClose: 7

.gitignore

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
-/docs/html/
-/docs/src/tests.ok
-/docs/src/cli/usage.md
-/docs/src/.gitbook/assets/*.svg
+/book/html/
+/book/src/tests.ok
 /farf/
 /solana-release/
 /solana-release.tar.bz2
@@ -17,7 +15,6 @@
 # log files
 *.log
 log-*.txt
-log-*/
 
 # intellij files
 /.idea/

.mergify.yml

@@ -1,40 +1,9 @@
 # Validate your changes with:
 #
-#   $ curl -F 'data=@.mergify.yml' https://gh.mergify.io/validate/
+#   $ curl -F 'data=@.mergify.yml' https://gh.mergify.io/validate
 #
 # https://doc.mergify.io/
 pull_request_rules:
-  - name: automatic merge (squash) on CI success
-    conditions:
-      - status-success=buildkite/solana
-      #- status-success=Travis CI - Pull Request
-      - status-success=ci-gate
-      - label=automerge
-      - author≠@dont-squash-my-commits
-    actions:
-      merge:
-        method: squash
-  # Join the dont-squash-my-commits group if you won't like your commits squashed
-  - name: automatic merge (rebase) on CI success
-    conditions:
-      - status-success=buildkite/solana
-      #- status-success=Travis CI - Pull Request
-      - status-success=ci-gate
-      - label=automerge
-      - author=@dont-squash-my-commits
-    actions:
-      merge:
-        method: rebase
-  - name: remove automerge label on CI failure
-    conditions:
-      - label=automerge
-      - "#status-failure!=0"
-    actions:
-      label:
-        remove:
-          - automerge
-      comment:
-        message: automerge label removed due to a CI failure
   - name: remove outdated reviews
     conditions:
       - base=master
@@ -50,27 +19,59 @@ pull_request_rules:
       label:
         add:
           - automerge
-  - name: v1.0 backport
+  - name: v0.16 backport
     conditions:
-      - label=v1.0
+      - base=master
+      - label=v0.16
     actions:
       backport:
-        ignore_conflicts: true
         branches:
-          - v1.0
-  - name: v1.1 backport
+          - v0.16
+  - name: v0.17 backport
     conditions:
-      - label=v1.1
+      - base=master
+      - label=v0.17
     actions:
       backport:
-        ignore_conflicts: true
         branches:
-          - v1.1
-  - name: v1.2 backport
+          - v0.17
+  - name: v0.18 backport
     conditions:
-      - label=v1.2
+      - base=master
+      - label=v0.18
     actions:
       backport:
-        ignore_conflicts: true
         branches:
-          - v1.2
+          - v0.18
+  - name: v0.19 backport
+    conditions:
+      - base=master
+      - label=v0.19
+    actions:
+      backport:
+        branches:
+          - v0.19
+  - name: v0.20 backport
+    conditions:
+      - base=master
+      - label=v0.20
+    actions:
+      backport:
+        branches:
+          - v0.20
+  - name: v0.21 backport
+    conditions:
+      - base=master
+      - label=v0.21
+    actions:
+      backport:
+        branches:
+          - v0.21
+  - name: v0.22 backport
+    conditions:
+      - base=master
+      - label=v0.22
+    actions:
+      backport:
+        branches:
+          - v0.22

.travis.yml

@@ -1,25 +1,22 @@
 os:
   - osx
-  - windows
 
 language: rust
 rust:
-  - stable
+  - 1.37.0
 
 install:
   - source ci/rust-version.sh
+  - test $rust_stable = $TRAVIS_RUST_VERSION # Update .travis.yml rust version above when this fails
 
 script:
   - source ci/env.sh
   - ci/publish-tarball.sh
 
-
 branches:
   only:
     - master
-    - /^v\d+\.\d+/
-
-if: type IN (api, cron) OR tag IS present
+    - /^v\d+\.\d+$/
 
 notifications:
   slack:

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -1,41 +1,23 @@
-# Solana Coding Guidelines
+Solana Coding Guidelines
+===
 
-The goal of these guidelines is to improve developer productivity by allowing
-developers to jump into any file in the codebase and not need to adapt to
-inconsistencies in how the code is written. The codebase should appear as if it
-had been authored by a single developer. If you don't agree with a convention,
-submit a PR patching this document and let's discuss! Once the PR is accepted,
-*all* code should be updated as soon as possible to reflect the new
+The goal of these guidelines is to improve developer productivity by allowing developers to
+jump any file in the codebase and not need to adapt to inconsistencies in how the code is
+written. The codebase should appear as if it had been authored by a single developer. If you
+don't agree with a convention, submit a PR patching this document and let's discuss! Once
+the PR is accepted, *all* code should be updated as soon as possible to reflect the new
 conventions.
 
-## Pull Requests
+Pull Requests
+---
 
-Small, frequent PRs are much preferred to large, infrequent ones. A large PR is
-difficult to review, can block others from making progress, and can quickly get
-its author into "rebase hell". A large PR oftentimes arises when one change
-requires another, which requires another, and then another. When you notice
-those dependencies, put the fix into a commit of its own, then checkout a new
-branch, and cherry-pick it.
-
-```bash
-$ git commit -am "Fix foo, needed by bar"
-$ git checkout master
-$ git checkout -b fix-foo
-$ git cherry-pick fix-bar
-$ git push --set-upstream origin fix-foo
-```
-
-Open a PR to start the review process and then jump back to your original
-branch to keep making progress. Consider rebasing to make your fix the first
-commit:
-
-```bash
-$ git checkout fix-bar
-$ git rebase -i master <Move fix-foo to top>
-```
-
-Once the commit is merged, rebase the original branch to purge the
-cherry-picked commit:
+Small, frequent PRs are much preferred to large, infrequent ones. A large PR is difficult
+to review, can block others from making progress, and can quickly get its author into
+"rebase hell". A large PR oftentimes arises when one change requires another, which requires
+another, and then another. When you notice those dependencies, put the fix into a commit of
+its own, then checkout a new branch, and cherrypick it. Open a PR to start the review
+process and then jump back to your original branch to keep making progress. Once the commit
+is merged, you can use git-rebase to purge it from your original branch.
 
 ```bash
 $ git pull --rebase upstream master
@@ -43,137 +25,26 @@ $ git pull --rebase upstream master
 
 ### How big is too big?
 
-If there are no functional changes, PRs can be very large and that's no
-problem. If, however, your changes are making meaningful changes or additions,
-then about 1,000 lines of changes is about the most you should ask a Solana
-maintainer to review.
+If there are no functional changes, PRs can be very large and that's no problem. If,
+however, your changes are making meaningful changes or additions, then about 1,000 lines of
+changes is about the most you should ask a Solana maintainer to review.
 
 ### Should I send small PRs as I develop large, new components?
 
-Add only code to the codebase that is ready to be deployed. If you are building
-a large library, consider developing it in a separate git repository. When it
-is ready to be integrated, the Solana maintainers will work with you to decide
-on a path forward. Smaller libraries may be copied in whereas very large ones
-may be pulled in with a package manager.
-
-## Getting Pull Requests Merged
-
-There is no single person assigned to watching GitHub PR queue and ushering you
-through the process. Typically, you will ask the person that wrote a component
-to review changes to it. You can find the author using `git blame` or asking on
-Discord.  When working to get your PR merged, it's most important to understand
-that changing the code is your priority and not necessarily a priority of the
-person you need an approval from. Also, while you may interact the most with
-the component author, you should aim to be inclusive of others. Providing a
-detailed problem description is the most effective means of engaging both the
-component author and other potentially interested parties.
-
-Consider opening all PRs as Draft Pull Requests first. Using a draft PR allows
-you to kickstart the CI automation, which typically takes between 10 and 30
-minutes to execute. Use that time to write a detailed problem description. Once
-the description is written and CI succeeds, click the "Ready to Review" button
-and add reviewers. Adding reviewers before CI succeeds is a fast path to losing
-reviewer engagement. Not only will they be notified and see the PR is not yet
-ready for them, they will also be bombarded them with additional notifications
-each time you push a commit to get past CI or until they "mute" the PR. Once
-muted, you'll need to reach out over some other medium, such as Discord, to
-request they have another look. When you use draft PRs, no notifications are
-sent when you push commits and edit the PR description. Use draft PRs
-liberally.  Don't bug the humans until you have gotten past the bots.
-
-### What should be in my PR description?
-
-Reviewing code is hard work and generally involves an attempt to guess the
-author's intent at various levels. Please assume reviewer time is scarce and do
-what you can to make your PR as consumable as possible. Inspired by techniques
-for writing good whitepapers, the guidance here aims to maximize reviewer
-engagement.
-
-Assume the reviewer will spend no more than a few seconds reading the PR title.
-If it doesn't describe a noteworthy change, don't expect the reviewer to click
-to see more.
-
-Next, like the abstract of a whitepaper, the reviewer will spend ~30 seconds
-reading the PR problem description. If what is described there doesn't look
-more important than competing issues, don't expect the reviewer to read on.
-
-Next, the reviewer will read the proposed changes. At this point, the reviewer
-needs to be convinced the proposed changes are a *good* solution to the problem
-described above.  If the proposed changes, not the code changes, generates
-discussion, consider closing the PR and returning with a design proposal
-instead.
-
-Finally, once the reviewer understands the problem and agrees with the approach
-to solving it, the reviewer will view the code changes. At this point, the
-reviewer is simply looking to see if the implementation actually implements
-what was proposed and if that implementation is maintainable. When a concise,
-readable test for each new code path is present, the reviewer can safely ignore
-the details of its implementation. When those tests are missing, expect to
-either lose engagement or get a pile of review comments as the reviewer
-attempts to consider every ambiguity in your implementation.
-
-### The PR Title
-
-The PR title should contain a brief summary of the change, from the perspective
-of the user. Examples of good titles:
-
-* Add rent to accounts
-* Fix out-of-memory error in validator
-* Clean up `process_message()` in runtime
-
-The conventions here are all the same as a good git commit title:
-
-* First word capitalized and in the imperative mood, not past tense ("add", not
-  "added")
-* No trailing period
-* What was done, whom it was done to, and in what context
-
-### The PR Problem Statement
-
-The git repo implements a product with various features. The problem statement
-should describe how the product is missing a feature, how a feature is
-incomplete, or how the implementation of a feature is somehow undesirable. If
-an issue being fixed already describes the problem, go ahead and copy-paste it.
-As mentioned above, reviewer time is scarce. Given a queue of PRs to review,
-the reviewer may ignore PRs that expect them to click through links to see if
-the PR warrants attention.
-
-### The Proposed Changes
-
-Typically the content under the "Proposed changes" section will be a bulleted
-list of steps taken to solve the problem. Oftentimes, the list is identical to
-the subject lines of the git commits contained in the PR. It's especially
-generous (and not expected) to rebase or reword commits such that each change
-matches the logical flow in your PR description.
+Add only code to the codebase that is ready to be deployed. If you are building a large
+library, consider developing it in a separate git repository. When it is ready to be
+integrated, the Solana maintainers will work with you to decide on a path forward. Smaller
+libraries may be copied in whereas very large ones may be pulled in with a package manager.
 
 ### When will my PR be reviewed?
 
-PRs are typically reviewed and merged in under 7 days. If your PR has been open
-for longer, it's a strong indicator that the reviewers aren't confident the
-change meets the quality standards of the codebase. You might consider closing
-it and coming back with smaller PRs and longer descriptions detailing what
-problem it solves and how it solves it. Old PRs will be marked stale and then
-closed automatically 7 days later.
+PRs are typically reviewed and merged in under 7 days. If your PR has been open for longer,
+it's a strong indicator that the reviewers aren't confident the change meets the quality
+standards of the codebase. You might consider closing it and coming back with smaller PRs
+and longer descriptions detailing what problem it solves and how it solves it.
 
-### How to manage review feedback?
-
-After a reviewer provides feedback, you can quickly say "acknowledged, will
-fix" using a thumb's up emoji. If you're confident your fix is exactly as
-prescribed, add a reply "Fixed in COMMIT\_HASH" and mark the comment as
-resolved. If you're not sure, reply "Is this what you had in mind?
-COMMIT\_HASH" and if so, the reviewer will reply and mark the conversation as
-resolved. Marking conversations as resolved is an excellent way to engage more
-reviewers. Leaving conversations open may imply the PR is not yet ready for
-additional review.
-
-### When will my PR be re-reviewed?
-
-Recall that once your PR is opened, a notification is sent every time you push
-a commit.  After a reviewer adds feedback, they won't be checking on the status
-of that feedback after every new commit. Instead, directly mention the reviewer
-when you feel your PR is ready for another pass.
-
-## Draft Pull Requests
+Draft Pull Requests
+---
 
 If you want early feedback on your PR, use GitHub's "Draft Pull Request"
 mechanism. Draft PRs are a convenient way to collaborate with the Solana
@@ -181,68 +52,67 @@ maintainers without triggering notifications as you make changes. When you feel
 your PR is ready for a broader audience, you can transition your draft PR to a
 standard PR with the click of a button.
 
-Do not add reviewers to draft PRs.  GitHub doesn't automatically clear
-approvals when you click "Ready for Review", so a review that meant "I approve
-of the direction" suddenly has the appearance of "I approve of these changes."
-Instead, add a comment that mentions the usernames that you would like a review
-from. Ask explicitly what you would like feedback on.
+Do not add reviewers to draft PRs.  GitHub doesn't automatically clear approvals
+when you click "Ready for Review", so a review that meant "I approve of the
+direction" suddenly has the appearance of "I approve of these changes." Instead,
+add a comment that mentions the usernames that you would like a review from. Ask
+explicitly what you would like feedback on.
 
-## Rust coding conventions
+Rust coding conventions
+---
 
-* All Rust code is formatted using the latest version of `rustfmt`. Once
-  installed, it will be updated automatically when you update the compiler with
-`rustup`.
+* All Rust code is formatted using the latest version of `rustfmt`. Once installed, it will be
+  updated automatically when you update the compiler with `rustup`.
 
-* All Rust code is linted with Clippy. If you'd prefer to ignore its advice, do
-  so explicitly:
+* All Rust code is linted with Clippy. If you'd prefer to ignore its advice, do so explicitly:
 
-  ```rust #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)] ```
+  ```rust
+  #[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
+  ```
 
   Note: Clippy defaults can be overridden in the top-level file `.clippy.toml`.
 
-* For variable names, when in doubt, spell it out. The mapping from type names
-  to variable names is to lowercase the type name, putting an underscore before
-each capital letter. Variable names should *not* be abbreviated unless being
-used as closure arguments and the brevity improves readability. When a function
-has multiple instances of the same type, qualify each with a prefix and
-underscore (i.e. alice\_keypair) or a numeric suffix (i.e. tx0).
+* For variable names, when in doubt, spell it out. The mapping from type names to variable names
+  is to lowercase the type name, putting an underscore before each capital letter. Variable names
+  should *not* be abbreviated unless being used as closure arguments and the brevity improves
+  readability. When a function has multiple instances of the same type, qualify each with a
+  prefix and underscore (i.e. alice_keypair) or a numeric suffix (i.e. tx0).
 
-* For function and method names, use `<verb>_<subject>`. For unit tests, that
-  verb should always be `test` and for benchmarks the verb should always be
-`bench`. Avoid namespacing function names with some arbitrary word. Avoid
-abbreviating words in function names.
+* For function and method names, use `<verb>_<subject>`. For unit tests, that verb should
+  always be `test` and for benchmarks the verb should always be `bench`. Avoid namespacing
+  function names with some arbitrary word. Avoid abbreviating words in function names.
 
-* As they say, "When in Rome, do as the Romans do." A good patch should
-  acknowledge the coding conventions of the code that surrounds it, even in the
-case where that code has not yet been updated to meet the conventions described
-here.
+* As they say, "When in Rome, do as the Romans do." A good patch should acknowledge the coding
+  conventions of the code that surrounds it, even in the case where that code has not yet been
+  updated to meet the conventions described here.
 
 
-## Terminology
+Terminology
+---
 
-Inventing new terms is allowed, but should only be done when the term is widely
-used and understood. Avoid introducing new 3-letter terms, which can be
-confused with 3-letter acronyms.
+Inventing new terms is allowed, but should only be done when the term is widely used and
+understood. Avoid introducing new 3-letter terms, which can be confused with 3-letter acronyms.
 
-[Terms currently in use](docs/src/terminology.md)
+[Terms currently in use](book/src/terminology.md)
 
 
-## Design Proposals
+Design Proposals
+---
 
-Solana's architecture is described by docs generated from markdown files in
-the `docs/src/` directory, maintained by an *editor* (currently @garious). To
-add a design proposal, you'll need to include it in the
-[Accepted Design Proposals](https://docs.solana.com/proposals)
-section of the Solana docs.  Here's the full process:
+Solana's architecture is described by a book generated from markdown files in
+the `book/src/` directory, maintained by an *editor* (currently @garious). To
+add a design proposal, you'll need to at least propose a change the content
+under the [Accepted Design
+Proposals](https://docs.solana.com/book/v/master/proposals) chapter.
+Here's the full process:
 
 1. Propose a design by creating a PR that adds a markdown document to the
-   `docs/src/proposals` directory and references it from the [table of
-   contents](docs/src/SUMMARY.md). Add any relevant *maintainers* to the PR
-   review.
+   directory `book/src/` and references it from the [table of
+   contents](book/src/SUMMARY.md). Add any relevant *maintainers* to the PR review.
 2. The PR being merged indicates your proposed change was accepted and that the
    maintainers support your plan of attack.
 3. Submit PRs that implement the proposal. When the implementation reveals the
-   need for tweaks to the proposal, be sure to update the proposal and have that
-   change reviewed by the same people as in step 1.
+   need for tweaks to the proposal, be sure to update the proposal and have
+   that change reviewed by the same people as in step 1.
 4. Once the implementation is complete, submit a PR that moves the link from
    the Accepted Proposals to the Implemented Proposals section.

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,68 +1,127 @@
 [workspace]
+# The members list excluding the `validator-cuda` crate
+default-members = [
+    "bench-exchange",
+    "bench-streamer",
+    "bench-tps",
+    "banking_bench",
+    "chacha-sys",
+    "client",
+    "core",
+    "drone",
+    "validator",
+    "genesis",
+    "genesis_programs",
+    "gossip",
+    "install",
+    "keygen",
+    "kvstore",
+    "ledger-tool",
+    "local_cluster",
+    "logger",
+    "merkle-tree",
+    "measure",
+    "metrics",
+    "programs/bpf_loader_api",
+    "programs/bpf_loader_program",
+    "programs/budget_api",
+    "programs/budget_program",
+    "programs/btc_spv_program",
+    "programs/btc_spv_api",
+    "programs/btc_spv_bin",
+    "programs/config_api",
+    "programs/config_program",
+    "programs/config_tests",
+    "programs/exchange_api",
+    "programs/exchange_program",
+    "programs/failure_program",
+    "programs/move_loader_api",
+    "programs/move_loader_program",
+    "programs/librapay_api",
+    "programs/noop_program",
+    "programs/stake_api",
+    "programs/stake_program",
+    "programs/stake_tests",
+    "programs/storage_api",
+    "programs/storage_program",
+    "programs/token_api",
+    "programs/token_program",
+    "programs/vote_api",
+    "programs/vote_program",
+    "replicator",
+    "runtime",
+    "sdk",
+    "sdk-c",
+    "upload-perf",
+    "netutil",
+    "fixed-buf",
+    "vote-signer",
+    "cli",
+    "rayon-threadlimit",
+]
+
+# The default-members list and the `validator-cuda` crate
 members = [
     "bench-exchange",
     "bench-streamer",
     "bench-tps",
-    "accounts-bench",
-    "banking-bench",
-    "cli-config",
+    "banking_bench",
+    "chacha-sys",
     "client",
     "core",
-    "dos",
-    "download-utils",
-    "faucet",
-    "perf",
+    "drone",
     "validator",
     "genesis",
-    "genesis-programs",
+    "genesis_programs",
     "gossip",
     "install",
     "keygen",
-    "ledger",
+    "kvstore",
     "ledger-tool",
-    "local-cluster",
+    "local_cluster",
     "logger",
-    "log-analyzer",
     "merkle-tree",
-    "stake-o-matic",
-    "streamer",
     "measure",
     "metrics",
-    "net-shaper",
-    "notifier",
-    "programs/bpf_loader",
-    "programs/budget",
-    "programs/btc_spv",
+    "programs/bpf_loader_api",
+    "programs/bpf_loader_program",
+    "programs/budget_api",
+    "programs/budget_program",
+    "programs/btc_spv_program",
+    "programs/btc_spv_api",
     "programs/btc_spv_bin",
-    "programs/config",
-    "programs/exchange",
-    "programs/failure",
-    "programs/noop",
-    "programs/ownable",
-    "programs/stake",
-    "programs/vest",
-    "programs/vote",
-    "remote-wallet",
-    "ramp-tps",
+    "programs/config_api",
+    "programs/config_program",
+    "programs/config_tests",
+    "programs/exchange_api",
+    "programs/exchange_program",
+    "programs/failure_program",
+    "programs/move_loader_api",
+    "programs/move_loader_program",
+    "programs/librapay_api",
+    "programs/noop_program",
+    "programs/stake_api",
+    "programs/stake_program",
+    "programs/stake_tests",
+    "programs/storage_api",
+    "programs/storage_program",
+    "programs/token_api",
+    "programs/token_program",
+    "programs/vote_api",
+    "programs/vote_program",
+    "replicator",
     "runtime",
     "sdk",
-    "scripts",
-    "stake-accounts",
-    "stake-monitor",
-    "sys-tuner",
-    "tokens",
-    "transaction-status",
+    "sdk-c",
     "upload-perf",
-    "net-utils",
-    "version",
+    "netutil",
+    "fixed-buf",
     "vote-signer",
     "cli",
     "rayon-threadlimit",
-    "watchtower",
+    "validator-cuda",
 ]
 
 exclude = [
     "programs/bpf",
-    "programs/move_loader",
-    "programs/librapay",
 ]

README.md

@@ -1,17 +1,76 @@
-<p align="center">
-  <a href="https://solana.com">
-    <img alt="Solana" src="https://i.imgur.com/OMnvVEz.png" width="250" />
-  </a>
-</p>
-
 [![Solana crate](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/solana-core.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/solana-core)
 [![Solana documentation](https://docs.rs/solana-core/badge.svg)](https://docs.rs/solana-core)
 [![Build status](https://badge.buildkite.com/8cc350de251d61483db98bdfc895b9ea0ac8ffa4a32ee850ed.svg?branch=master)](https://buildkite.com/solana-labs/solana/builds?branch=master)
 [![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/solana-labs/solana/branch/master/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/solana-labs/solana)
 
-# Building
+Blockchain Rebuilt for Scale
+===
 
-## **1. Install rustc, cargo and rustfmt.**
+Solana&trade; is a new blockchain architecture built from the ground up for scale. The architecture supports
+up to 710 thousand transactions per second on a gigabit network.
+
+Disclaimer
+===
+
+All claims, content, designs, algorithms, estimates, roadmaps, specifications, and performance measurements described in this project are done with the author's best effort.  It is up to the reader to check and validate their accuracy and truthfulness.  Furthermore nothing in this project constitutes a solicitation for investment.
+
+Introduction
+===
+
+It's possible for a centralized database to process 710,000 transactions per second on a standard gigabit network if the transactions are, on average, no more than 176 bytes. A centralized database can also replicate itself and maintain high availability without significantly compromising that transaction rate using the distributed system technique known as Optimistic Concurrency Control [\[H.T.Kung, J.T.Robinson (1981)\]](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.65.4735). At Solana, we're demonstrating that these same theoretical limits apply just as well to blockchain on an adversarial network. The key ingredient? Finding a way to share time when nodes can't trust one-another. Once nodes can trust time, suddenly ~40 years of distributed systems research becomes applicable to blockchain!
+
+> Perhaps the most striking difference between algorithms obtained by our method and ones based upon timeout is that using timeout produces a traditional distributed algorithm in which the processes operate asynchronously, while our method produces a globally synchronous one in which every process does the same thing at (approximately) the same time. Our method seems to contradict the whole purpose of distributed processing, which is to permit different processes to operate independently and perform different functions. However, if a distributed system is really a single system, then the processes must be synchronized in some way. Conceptually, the easiest way to synchronize processes is to get them all to do the same thing at the same time. Therefore, our method is used to implement a kernel that performs the necessary synchronization--for example, making sure that two different processes do not try to modify a file at the same time. Processes might spend only a small fraction of their time executing the synchronizing kernel; the rest of the time, they can operate independently--e.g., accessing different files. This is an approach we have advocated even when fault-tolerance is not required. The method's basic simplicity makes it easier to understand the precise properties of a system, which is crucial if one is to know just how fault-tolerant the system is. [\[L.Lamport (1984)\]](http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.71.1078)
+
+Furthermore, and much to our surprise, it can be implemented using a mechanism that has existed in Bitcoin since day one. The Bitcoin feature is called nLocktime and it can be used to postdate transactions using block height instead of a timestamp. As a Bitcoin client, you'd use block height instead of a timestamp if you don't trust the network. Block height turns out to be an instance of what's being called a Verifiable Delay Function in cryptography circles. It's a cryptographically secure way to say time has passed. In Solana, we use a far more granular verifiable delay function, a SHA 256 hash chain, to checkpoint the ledger and coordinate consensus. With it, we implement Optimistic Concurrency Control and are now well en route towards that theoretical limit of 710,000 transactions per second.
+
+Architecture
+===
+
+Before you jump into the code, review the online book [Solana: Blockchain Rebuilt for Scale](https://docs.solana.com/book/).
+
+(The _latest_ development version of the online book is also [available here](https://docs.solana.com/book/v/master/).)
+
+Release Binaries
+===
+Official release binaries are available at [Github Releases](https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/releases).
+
+Additionally we provide pre-release binaries for the latest code on the edge and
+beta channels.  Note that these pre-release binaries may be less stable than an
+official release.
+
+### Edge channel
+#### Linux (x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu)
+* [solana.tar.bz2](http://release.solana.com/edge/solana-release-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.bz2)
+* [solana-install-init](http://release.solana.com/edge/solana-install-init-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu) as a stand-alone executable
+#### mac OS (x86_64-apple-darwin)
+* [solana.tar.bz2](http://release.solana.com/edge/solana-release-x86_64-apple-darwin.tar.bz2)
+* [solana-install-init](http://release.solana.com/edge/solana-install-init-x86_64-apple-darwin) as a stand-alone executable
+#### Windows (x86_64-pc-windows-msvc)
+* [solana.tar.bz2](http://release.solana.com/edge/solana-release-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.tar.bz2)
+* [solana-install-init.exe](http://release.solana.com/edge/solana-install-init-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.exe) as a stand-alone executable
+#### All platforms
+* [solana-metrics.tar.bz2](http://release.solana.com.s3.amazonaws.com/edge/solana-metrics.tar.bz2)
+
+### Beta channel
+#### Linux (x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu)
+* [solana.tar.bz2](http://release.solana.com/beta/solana-release-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.bz2)
+* [solana-install-init](http://release.solana.com/beta/solana-install-init-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu) as a stand-alone executable
+#### mac OS (x86_64-apple-darwin)
+* [solana.tar.bz2](http://release.solana.com/beta/solana-release-x86_64-apple-darwin.tar.bz2)
+* [solana-install-init](http://release.solana.com/beta/solana-install-init-x86_64-apple-darwin) as a stand-alone executable
+#### Windows (x86_64-pc-windows-msvc)
+* [solana.tar.bz2](http://release.solana.com/beta/solana-release-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.tar.bz2)
+* [solana-install-init.exe](http://release.solana.com/beta/solana-install-init-x86_64-pc-windows-msvc.exe) as a stand-alone executable
+#### All platforms
+* [solana-metrics.tar.bz2](http://release.solana.com.s3.amazonaws.com/beta/solana-metrics.tar.bz2)
+
+Developing
+===
+
+Building
+---
+
+Install rustc, cargo and rustfmt:
 
 ```bash
 $ curl https://sh.rustup.rs -sSf | sh
@@ -19,7 +78,7 @@ $ source $HOME/.cargo/env
 $ rustup component add rustfmt
 ```
 
-If your rustc version is lower than 1.39.0, please update it:
+If your rustc version is lower than 1.37.0, please update it:
 
 ```bash
 $ rustup update
@@ -28,43 +87,118 @@ $ rustup update
 On Linux systems you may need to install libssl-dev, pkg-config, zlib1g-dev, etc.  On Ubuntu:
 
 ```bash
-$ sudo apt-get update
-$ sudo apt-get install libssl-dev libudev-dev pkg-config zlib1g-dev llvm clang
+$ sudo apt-get install libssl-dev pkg-config zlib1g-dev llvm clang
 ```
 
-## **2. Download the source code.**
+Download the source code:
 
 ```bash
 $ git clone https://github.com/solana-labs/solana.git
 $ cd solana
 ```
 
-## **3. Build.**
+Build
 
 ```bash
 $ cargo build
 ```
 
-## **4. Run a minimal local cluster.**
+Then to run a minimal local cluster
 ```bash
 $ ./run.sh
 ```
 
-# Testing
+Testing
+---
 
-**Run the test suite:**
+Run the test suite:
 
 ```bash
 $ cargo test
 ```
 
-### Starting a local testnet
-Start your own testnet locally, instructions are in the [online docs](https://docs.solana.com/bench-tps).
+Local Testnet
+---
 
-### Accessing the remote testnet
-* `testnet` - public stable testnet accessible via devnet.solana.com. Runs 24/7
+Start your own testnet locally, instructions are in the book [Solana: Blockchain Rebuild for Scale: Getting Started](https://docs.solana.com/book/getting-started).
 
-# Benchmarking
+Remote Testnets
+---
+
+We maintain several testnets:
+
+* `testnet` - public stable testnet accessible via testnet.solana.com. Runs 24/7
+* `testnet-beta` - public beta channel testnet accessible via beta.testnet.solana.com. Runs 24/7
+* `testnet-edge` - public edge channel testnet accessible via edge.testnet.solana.com. Runs 24/7
+
+## Deploy process
+
+They are deployed with the `ci/testnet-manager.sh` script through a list of [scheduled
+buildkite jobs](https://buildkite.com/solana-labs/testnet-management/settings/schedules).
+Each testnet can be manually manipulated from buildkite as well.
+
+## How do I reset the testnet?
+Manually trigger the [testnet-management](https://buildkite.com/solana-labs/testnet-management) pipeline
+and when prompted select the desired testnet
+
+## How can I scale the tx generation rate?
+
+Increase the TX rate by increasing the number of cores on the client machine which is running
+`bench-tps` or run multiple clients. Decrease by lowering cores or using the rayon env
+variable `RAYON_NUM_THREADS=<xx>`
+
+## How can I test a change on the testnet?
+
+Currently, a merged PR is the only way to test a change on the testnet.  But you
+can run your own testnet using the scripts in the `net/` directory.
+
+## Adjusting the number of clients or validators on the testnet
+Edit `ci/testnet-manager.sh`
+
+
+## Metrics Server Maintenance
+Sometimes the dashboard becomes unresponsive. This happens due to glitch in the metrics server.
+The current solution is to reset the metrics server. Use the following steps.
+
+1. The server is hosted in a GCP VM instance. Check if the VM instance is down by trying to SSH
+ into it from the GCP console. The name of the VM is ```metrics-solana-com```.
+2. If the VM is inaccessible, reset it from the GCP console.
+3. Once VM is up (or, was already up), the metrics services can be restarted from build automation.
+    1. Navigate to https://buildkite.com/solana-labs/metrics-dot-solana-dot-com in your web browser
+    2. Click on ```New Build```
+    3. This will show a pop up dialog. Click on ```options``` drop down.
+    4. Type in ```FORCE_START=true``` in ```Environment Variables``` text box.
+    5. Click ```Create Build```
+    6. This will restart the metrics services, and the dashboards should be accessible afterwards.
+
+## Debugging Testnet
+Testnet may exhibit different symptoms of failures. Primary statistics to check are
+1. Rise in Confirmation Time
+2. Nodes are not voting
+3. Panics, and OOM notifications
+
+Check the following if there are any signs of failure.
+1. Did testnet deployment fail?
+    1. View buildkite logs for the last deployment: https://buildkite.com/solana-labs/testnet-management
+    2. Use the relevant branch
+    3. If the deployment failed, look at the build logs. The build artifacts for each remote node is uploaded.
+       It's a good first step to triage from these logs.
+2. You may have to log into remote node if the deployment succeeded, but something failed during runtime.
+    1. Get the private key for the testnet deployment from ```metrics-solana-com``` GCP instance.
+    2. SSH into ```metrics-solana-com``` using GCP console and do the following.
+    ```bash
+    sudo bash
+    cd ~buildkite-agent/.ssh
+    ls
+    ```
+    3. Copy the relevant private key to your local machine
+    4. Find the public IP address of the AWS instance for the remote node using AWS console
+    5. ```ssh -i <private key file> ubuntu@<ip address of remote node>```
+    6. The logs are in ```~solana\solana``` folder
+
+
+Benchmarking
+---
 
 First install the nightly build of rustc. `cargo bench` requires use of the
 unstable features only available in the nightly build.
@@ -79,11 +213,13 @@ Run the benchmarks:
 $ cargo +nightly bench
 ```
 
-# Release Process
-
+Release Process
+---
 The release process for this project is described [here](RELEASE.md).
 
-# Code coverage
+
+Code coverage
+---
 
 To generate code coverage statistics:
 
@@ -92,6 +228,7 @@ $ scripts/coverage.sh
 $ open target/cov/lcov-local/index.html
 ```
 
+
 Why coverage? While most see coverage as a code quality metric, we see it primarily as a developer
 productivity metric. When a developer makes a change to the codebase, presumably it's a *solution* to
 some problem.  Our unit-test suite is how we encode the set of *problems* the codebase solves. Running
@@ -103,7 +240,3 @@ problem is solved by this code?" On the other hand, if a test does fail and you
 better way to solve the same problem, a Pull Request with your solution would most certainly be
 welcome! Likewise, if rewriting a test can better communicate what code it's protecting, please
 send us that patch!
-
-# Disclaimer
-
-All claims, content, designs, algorithms, estimates, roadmaps, specifications, and performance measurements described in this project are done with the author's best effort.  It is up to the reader to check and validate their accuracy and truthfulness.  Furthermore nothing in this project constitutes a solicitation for investment.

RELEASE.md

@@ -138,11 +138,30 @@ There are three release channels that map to branches as follows:
 ### Update documentation
 TODO: Documentation update procedure is WIP as we move to gitbook
 
-Document the new recommended version by updating `docs/src/running-archiver.md` and `docs/src/validator-testnet.md` on the release (beta) branch to point at the `solana-install` for the upcoming release version.
+Document the new recommended version by updating `book/src/running-replicator.md` and `book/src/validator-testnet.md` on the release (beta) branch to point at the `solana-install` for the upcoming release version.
 
-### Update software on devnet.solana.com
+#### Publish updated Book
+We maintain three copies of the "book" as official documentation:
 
-The testnet running on devnet.solana.com is set to use a fixed release tag
+1) "Book" is the documentation for the latest official release.  This should get manually updated whenever a new release is made.  It is published here:
+https://solana-labs.github.io/book/
+
+2) "Book-edge" tracks the tip of the master branch and updates automatically.
+https://solana-labs.github.io/book-edge/
+
+3) "Book-beta" tracks the tip of the beta branch and updates automatically.
+https://solana-labs.github.io/book-beta/
+
+To manually trigger an update of the "Book", create a new job of the manual-update-book pipeline.
+Set the tag of the latest release as the PUBLISH_BOOK_TAG environment variable.
+```bash
+PUBLISH_BOOK_TAG=v0.16.6
+```
+https://buildkite.com/solana-labs/manual-update-book
+
+### Update software on testnet.solana.com
+
+The testnet running on testnet.solana.com is set to use a fixed release tag
 which is set in the Buildkite testnet-management pipeline.
 This tag needs to be updated and the testnet restarted after a new release
 tag is created.
@@ -182,4 +201,4 @@ TESTNET_OP=create-and-start
 ### Alert the community
 
 Notify Discord users on #validator-support that a new release for
-devnet.solana.com is available
+testnet.solana.com is available

accounts-bench/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-authors = ["Solana Maintainers <maintainers@solana.com>"]
-edition = "2018"
-name = "solana-accounts-bench"
-version = "1.2.6"
-repository = "https://github.com/solana-labs/solana"
-license = "Apache-2.0"
-homepage = "https://solana.com/"
-
-[dependencies]
-log = "0.4.6"
-rayon = "1.3.0"
-solana-logger = { path = "../logger", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-runtime = { path = "../runtime", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-measure = { path = "../measure", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-sdk = { path = "../sdk", version = "1.2.6" }
-rand = "0.7.0"
-clap = "2.33.1"
-crossbeam-channel = "0.4"
-
-[package.metadata.docs.rs]
-targets = ["x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"]

accounts-bench/src/main.rs

@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
-use clap::{value_t, App, Arg};
-use rayon::prelude::*;
-use solana_measure::measure::Measure;
-use solana_runtime::{
-    accounts::{create_test_accounts, update_accounts, Accounts},
-    accounts_index::Ancestors,
-};
-use solana_sdk::pubkey::Pubkey;
-use std::fs;
-use std::path::PathBuf;
-
-fn main() {
-    solana_logger::setup();
-
-    let matches = App::new("crate")
-        .about("about")
-        .version("version")
-        .arg(
-            Arg::with_name("num_slots")
-                .long("num_slots")
-                .takes_value(true)
-                .value_name("SLOTS")
-                .help("Number of slots to store to."),
-        )
-        .arg(
-            Arg::with_name("num_accounts")
-                .long("num_accounts")
-                .takes_value(true)
-                .value_name("NUM_ACCOUNTS")
-                .help("Total number of accounts"),
-        )
-        .arg(
-            Arg::with_name("iterations")
-                .long("iterations")
-                .takes_value(true)
-                .value_name("ITERATIONS")
-                .help("Number of bench iterations"),
-        )
-        .arg(
-            Arg::with_name("clean")
-                .long("clean")
-                .takes_value(false)
-                .help("Run clean"),
-        )
-        .get_matches();
-
-    let num_slots = value_t!(matches, "num_slots", usize).unwrap_or(4);
-    let num_accounts = value_t!(matches, "num_accounts", usize).unwrap_or(10_000);
-    let iterations = value_t!(matches, "iterations", usize).unwrap_or(20);
-    let clean = matches.is_present("clean");
-    println!("clean: {:?}", clean);
-
-    let path = PathBuf::from("farf/accounts-bench");
-    if fs::remove_dir_all(path.clone()).is_err() {
-        println!("Warning: Couldn't remove {:?}", path);
-    }
-    let accounts = Accounts::new(vec![path]);
-    println!("Creating {} accounts", num_accounts);
-    let mut create_time = Measure::start("create accounts");
-    let pubkeys: Vec<_> = (0..num_slots)
-        .into_par_iter()
-        .map(|slot| {
-            let mut pubkeys: Vec<Pubkey> = vec![];
-            create_test_accounts(
-                &accounts,
-                &mut pubkeys,
-                num_accounts / num_slots,
-                slot as u64,
-            );
-            pubkeys
-        })
-        .collect();
-    let pubkeys: Vec<_> = pubkeys.into_iter().flatten().collect();
-    create_time.stop();
-    println!(
-        "created {} accounts in {} slots {}",
-        (num_accounts / num_slots) * num_slots,
-        num_slots,
-        create_time
-    );
-    let mut ancestors: Ancestors = vec![(0, 0)].into_iter().collect();
-    for i in 1..num_slots {
-        ancestors.insert(i as u64, i - 1);
-        accounts.add_root(i as u64);
-    }
-    for x in 0..iterations {
-        if clean {
-            let mut time = Measure::start("clean");
-            accounts.accounts_db.clean_accounts();
-            time.stop();
-            println!("{}", time);
-            for slot in 0..num_slots {
-                update_accounts(&accounts, &pubkeys, ((x + 1) * num_slots + slot) as u64);
-                accounts.add_root((x * num_slots + slot) as u64);
-            }
-        } else {
-            let mut pubkeys: Vec<Pubkey> = vec![];
-            let mut time = Measure::start("hash");
-            let hash = accounts.accounts_db.update_accounts_hash(0, &ancestors);
-            time.stop();
-            println!("hash: {} {}", hash, time);
-            create_test_accounts(&accounts, &mut pubkeys, 1, 0);
-        }
-    }
-}

banking-bench/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-authors = ["Solana Maintainers <maintainers@solana.com>"]
-edition = "2018"
-name = "solana-banking-bench"
-version = "1.2.6"
-repository = "https://github.com/solana-labs/solana"
-license = "Apache-2.0"
-homepage = "https://solana.com/"
-
-[dependencies]
-clap = "2.33.1"
-crossbeam-channel = "0.4"
-log = "0.4.6"
-rand = "0.7.0"
-rayon = "1.3.0"
-solana-core = { path = "../core", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-clap-utils = { path = "../clap-utils", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-streamer = { path = "../streamer", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-perf = { path = "../perf", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-ledger = { path = "../ledger", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-logger = { path = "../logger", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-runtime = { path = "../runtime", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-measure = { path = "../measure", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-sdk = { path = "../sdk", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-version = { path = "../version", version = "1.2.6" }
-
-[package.metadata.docs.rs]
-targets = ["x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"]

banking_bench/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+[package]
+authors = ["Solana Maintainers <maintainers@solana.com>"]
+edition = "2018"
+name = "solana-banking-bench"
+version = "0.19.0-pre0"
+repository = "https://github.com/solana-labs/solana"
+license = "Apache-2.0"
+homepage = "https://solana.com/"
+
+[dependencies]
+log = "0.4.6"
+rayon = "1.2.0"
+solana-core = { path = "../core", version = "0.19.0-pre0" }
+solana-logger = { path = "../logger", version = "0.19.0-pre0" }
+solana-runtime = { path = "../runtime", version = "0.19.0-pre0" }
+solana-measure = { path = "../measure", version = "0.19.0-pre0" }
+solana-sdk = { path = "../sdk", version = "0.19.0-pre0" }
+rand = "0.6.5"
+crossbeam-channel = "0.3"

banking_bench/src/main.rs

@@ -1,38 +1,36 @@
-use clap::{crate_description, crate_name, value_t, App, Arg};
+#[macro_use]
+extern crate solana_core;
+extern crate crossbeam_channel;
+
 use crossbeam_channel::unbounded;
 use log::*;
 use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};
 use rayon::prelude::*;
-use solana_core::{
-    banking_stage::{create_test_recorder, BankingStage},
-    cluster_info::ClusterInfo,
-    cluster_info::Node,
-    poh_recorder::PohRecorder,
-    poh_recorder::WorkingBankEntry,
-};
-use solana_ledger::{
-    bank_forks::BankForks,
-    blockstore::Blockstore,
-    genesis_utils::{create_genesis_config, GenesisConfigInfo},
-    get_tmp_ledger_path,
-};
+use solana_core::bank_forks::BankForks;
+use solana_core::banking_stage::{create_test_recorder, BankingStage};
+use solana_core::blocktree::{get_tmp_ledger_path, Blocktree};
+use solana_core::cluster_info::ClusterInfo;
+use solana_core::cluster_info::Node;
+use solana_core::genesis_utils::{create_genesis_block, GenesisBlockInfo};
+use solana_core::packet::to_packets_chunked;
+use solana_core::poh_recorder::PohRecorder;
+use solana_core::poh_recorder::WorkingBankEntry;
+use solana_core::service::Service;
 use solana_measure::measure::Measure;
-use solana_perf::packet::to_packets_chunked;
 use solana_runtime::bank::Bank;
-use solana_sdk::{
-    hash::Hash,
-    pubkey::Pubkey,
-    signature::Keypair,
-    signature::Signature,
-    system_transaction,
-    timing::{duration_as_us, timestamp},
-    transaction::Transaction,
-};
-use std::{
-    sync::{atomic::Ordering, mpsc::Receiver, Arc, Mutex},
-    thread::sleep,
-    time::{Duration, Instant},
-};
+use solana_sdk::hash::Hash;
+use solana_sdk::pubkey::Pubkey;
+use solana_sdk::signature::Keypair;
+use solana_sdk::signature::Signature;
+use solana_sdk::system_transaction;
+use solana_sdk::timing::{duration_as_us, timestamp};
+use solana_sdk::transaction::Transaction;
+use std::iter;
+use std::sync::atomic::Ordering;
+use std::sync::mpsc::Receiver;
+use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex, RwLock};
+use std::thread::sleep;
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 
 fn check_txs(
     receiver: &Arc<Receiver<WorkingBankEntry>>,
@@ -43,7 +41,7 @@ fn check_txs(
     let now = Instant::now();
     let mut no_bank = false;
     loop {
-        if let Ok((_bank, (entry, _tick_height))) = receiver.recv_timeout(Duration::from_millis(10))
+        if let Ok((_bank, (entry, _tick_count))) = receiver.recv_timeout(Duration::from_millis(10))
         {
             total += entry.transactions.len();
         }
@@ -65,22 +63,15 @@ fn check_txs(
     no_bank
 }
 
-fn make_accounts_txs(
-    total_num_transactions: usize,
-    hash: Hash,
-    same_payer: bool,
-) -> Vec<Transaction> {
+fn make_accounts_txs(txes: usize, mint_keypair: &Keypair, hash: Hash) -> Vec<Transaction> {
     let to_pubkey = Pubkey::new_rand();
-    let payer_key = Keypair::new();
-    let dummy = system_transaction::transfer(&payer_key, &to_pubkey, 1, hash);
-    (0..total_num_transactions)
+    let dummy = system_transaction::transfer(mint_keypair, &to_pubkey, 1, hash);
+    (0..txes)
         .into_par_iter()
         .map(|_| {
             let mut new = dummy.clone();
             let sig: Vec<u8> = (0..64).map(|_| thread_rng().gen()).collect();
-            if !same_payer {
-                new.message.account_keys[0] = Pubkey::new_rand();
-            }
+            new.message.account_keys[0] = Pubkey::new_rand();
             new.message.account_keys[1] = Pubkey::new_rand();
             new.signatures = vec![Signature::new(&sig[0..64])];
             new
@@ -104,150 +95,97 @@ fn bytes_as_usize(bytes: &[u8]) -> usize {
     bytes[0] as usize | (bytes[1] as usize) << 8
 }
 
-#[allow(clippy::cognitive_complexity)]
 fn main() {
     solana_logger::setup();
-
-    let matches = App::new(crate_name!())
-        .about(crate_description!())
-        .version(solana_version::version!())
-        .arg(
-            Arg::with_name("num_chunks")
-                .long("num-chunks")
-                .takes_value(true)
-                .value_name("SIZE")
-                .help("Number of transaction chunks."),
-        )
-        .arg(
-            Arg::with_name("packets_per_chunk")
-                .long("packets-per-chunk")
-                .takes_value(true)
-                .value_name("SIZE")
-                .help("Packets per chunk"),
-        )
-        .arg(
-            Arg::with_name("skip_sanity")
-                .long("skip-sanity")
-                .takes_value(false)
-                .help("Skip transaction sanity execution"),
-        )
-        .arg(
-            Arg::with_name("same_payer")
-                .long("same-payer")
-                .takes_value(false)
-                .help("Use the same payer for transfers"),
-        )
-        .arg(
-            Arg::with_name("iterations")
-                .long("iterations")
-                .takes_value(true)
-                .help("Number of iterations"),
-        )
-        .arg(
-            Arg::with_name("num_threads")
-                .long("num-threads")
-                .takes_value(true)
-                .help("Number of iterations"),
-        )
-        .get_matches();
-
-    let num_threads =
-        value_t!(matches, "num_threads", usize).unwrap_or(BankingStage::num_threads() as usize);
+    let num_threads = BankingStage::num_threads() as usize;
     //   a multiple of packet chunk duplicates to avoid races
-    let num_chunks = value_t!(matches, "num_chunks", usize).unwrap_or(16);
-    let packets_per_chunk = value_t!(matches, "packets_per_chunk", usize).unwrap_or(192);
-    let iterations = value_t!(matches, "iterations", usize).unwrap_or(1000);
-
-    let total_num_transactions = num_chunks * num_threads * packets_per_chunk;
+    const CHUNKS: usize = 8 * 2;
+    const PACKETS_PER_BATCH: usize = 192;
+    let txes = PACKETS_PER_BATCH * num_threads * CHUNKS;
     let mint_total = 1_000_000_000_000;
-    let GenesisConfigInfo {
-        genesis_config,
+    let GenesisBlockInfo {
+        genesis_block,
         mint_keypair,
         ..
-    } = create_genesis_config(mint_total);
+    } = create_genesis_block(mint_total);
 
     let (verified_sender, verified_receiver) = unbounded();
     let (vote_sender, vote_receiver) = unbounded();
-    let bank0 = Bank::new(&genesis_config);
-    let mut bank_forks = BankForks::new(bank0);
+    let bank0 = Bank::new(&genesis_block);
+    let mut bank_forks = BankForks::new(0, bank0);
     let mut bank = bank_forks.working_bank();
 
-    info!("threads: {} txs: {}", num_threads, total_num_transactions);
+    info!("threads: {} txs: {}", num_threads, txes);
 
-    let same_payer = matches.is_present("same_payer");
-    let mut transactions =
-        make_accounts_txs(total_num_transactions, genesis_config.hash(), same_payer);
+    let mut transactions = make_accounts_txs(txes, &mint_keypair, genesis_block.hash());
 
     // fund all the accounts
     transactions.iter().for_each(|tx| {
-        let mut fund = system_transaction::transfer(
+        let fund = system_transaction::transfer(
             &mint_keypair,
             &tx.message.account_keys[0],
-            mint_total / total_num_transactions as u64,
-            genesis_config.hash(),
+            mint_total / txes as u64,
+            genesis_block.hash(),
         );
-        // Ignore any pesky duplicate signature errors in the case we are using single-payer
-        let sig: Vec<u8> = (0..64).map(|_| thread_rng().gen()).collect();
-        fund.signatures = vec![Signature::new(&sig[0..64])];
         let x = bank.process_transaction(&fund);
         x.unwrap();
     });
-
-    let skip_sanity = matches.is_present("skip_sanity");
-    if !skip_sanity {
-        //sanity check, make sure all the transactions can execute sequentially
-        transactions.iter().for_each(|tx| {
-            let res = bank.process_transaction(&tx);
-            assert!(res.is_ok(), "sanity test transactions error: {:?}", res);
-        });
-        bank.clear_signatures();
-        //sanity check, make sure all the transactions can execute in parallel
-        let res = bank.process_transactions(&transactions);
-        for r in res {
-            assert!(r.is_ok(), "sanity parallel execution error: {:?}", r);
-        }
-        bank.clear_signatures();
+    //sanity check, make sure all the transactions can execute sequentially
+    transactions.iter().for_each(|tx| {
+        let res = bank.process_transaction(&tx);
+        assert!(res.is_ok(), "sanity test transactions");
+    });
+    bank.clear_signatures();
+    //sanity check, make sure all the transactions can execute in parallel
+    let res = bank.process_transactions(&transactions);
+    for r in res {
+        assert!(r.is_ok(), "sanity parallel execution");
     }
-
-    let mut verified: Vec<_> = to_packets_chunked(&transactions.clone(), packets_per_chunk);
+    bank.clear_signatures();
+    let mut verified: Vec<_> = to_packets_chunked(&transactions.clone(), PACKETS_PER_BATCH)
+        .into_iter()
+        .map(|x| {
+            let len = x.packets.len();
+            (x, iter::repeat(1).take(len).collect())
+        })
+        .collect();
     let ledger_path = get_tmp_ledger_path!();
     {
-        let blockstore = Arc::new(
-            Blockstore::open(&ledger_path).expect("Expected to be able to open database ledger"),
+        let blocktree = Arc::new(
+            Blocktree::open(&ledger_path).expect("Expected to be able to open database ledger"),
         );
         let (exit, poh_recorder, poh_service, signal_receiver) =
-            create_test_recorder(&bank, &blockstore, None);
+            create_test_recorder(&bank, &blocktree);
         let cluster_info = ClusterInfo::new_with_invalid_keypair(Node::new_localhost().info);
-        let cluster_info = Arc::new(cluster_info);
-        let banking_stage = BankingStage::new(
+        let cluster_info = Arc::new(RwLock::new(cluster_info));
+        let _banking_stage = BankingStage::new(
             &cluster_info,
             &poh_recorder,
             verified_receiver,
             vote_receiver,
-            None,
         );
         poh_recorder.lock().unwrap().set_bank(&bank);
 
-        let chunk_len = verified.len() / num_chunks;
+        let chunk_len = verified.len() / CHUNKS;
         let mut start = 0;
 
         // This is so that the signal_receiver does not go out of scope after the closure.
         // If it is dropped before poh_service, then poh_service will error when
         // calling send() on the channel.
         let signal_receiver = Arc::new(signal_receiver);
-        let mut total_us = 0;
-        let mut tx_total_us = 0;
-        let base_tx_count = bank.transaction_count();
+        let signal_receiver2 = signal_receiver.clone();
+        let mut total = 0;
+        let mut tx_total = 0;
         let mut txs_processed = 0;
         let mut root = 1;
         let collector = Pubkey::new_rand();
+        const ITERS: usize = 1_000;
         let config = Config {
-            packets_per_batch: packets_per_chunk,
+            packets_per_batch: PACKETS_PER_BATCH,
             chunk_len,
             num_threads,
         };
-        let mut total_sent = 0;
-        for _ in 0..iterations {
+        for _ in 0..ITERS {
             let now = Instant::now();
             let mut sent = 0;
 
@@ -271,7 +209,7 @@ fn main() {
                     index,
                 );
                 for xv in v {
-                    sent += xv.packets.len();
+                    sent += xv.0.packets.len();
                 }
                 verified_sender.send(v.to_vec()).unwrap();
             }
@@ -288,11 +226,7 @@ fn main() {
                     sleep(Duration::from_millis(5));
                 }
             }
-            if check_txs(
-                &signal_receiver,
-                total_num_transactions / num_chunks,
-                &poh_recorder,
-            ) {
+            if check_txs(&signal_receiver2, txes / CHUNKS, &poh_recorder) {
                 debug!(
                     "resetting bank {} tx count: {} txs_proc: {}",
                     bank.slot(),
@@ -301,7 +235,7 @@ fn main() {
                 );
                 assert!(txs_processed < bank.transaction_count());
                 txs_processed = bank.transaction_count();
-                tx_total_us += duration_as_us(&now.elapsed());
+                tx_total += duration_as_us(&now.elapsed());
 
                 let mut poh_time = Measure::start("poh_time");
                 poh_recorder.lock().unwrap().reset(
@@ -323,7 +257,7 @@ fn main() {
                 poh_recorder.lock().unwrap().set_bank(&bank);
                 assert!(poh_recorder.lock().unwrap().bank().is_some());
                 if bank.slot() > 32 {
-                    bank_forks.set_root(root, &None, None);
+                    bank_forks.set_root(root, &None);
                     root += 1;
                 }
                 debug!(
@@ -333,21 +267,20 @@ fn main() {
                     poh_time.as_us(),
                 );
             } else {
-                tx_total_us += duration_as_us(&now.elapsed());
+                tx_total += duration_as_us(&now.elapsed());
             }
 
             // This signature clear may not actually clear the signatures
             // in this chunk, but since we rotate between CHUNKS then
             // we should clear them by the time we come around again to re-use that chunk.
             bank.clear_signatures();
-            total_us += duration_as_us(&now.elapsed());
+            total += duration_as_us(&now.elapsed());
             debug!(
                 "time: {} us checked: {} sent: {}",
                 duration_as_us(&now.elapsed()),
-                total_num_transactions / num_chunks,
+                txes / CHUNKS,
                 sent,
             );
-            total_sent += sent;
 
             if bank.slot() > 0 && bank.slot() % 16 == 0 {
                 for tx in transactions.iter_mut() {
@@ -355,35 +288,32 @@ fn main() {
                     let sig: Vec<u8> = (0..64).map(|_| thread_rng().gen()).collect();
                     tx.signatures[0] = Signature::new(&sig[0..64]);
                 }
-                verified = to_packets_chunked(&transactions.clone(), packets_per_chunk);
+                verified = to_packets_chunked(&transactions.clone(), PACKETS_PER_BATCH)
+                    .into_iter()
+                    .map(|x| {
+                        let len = x.packets.len();
+                        (x, iter::repeat(1).take(len).collect())
+                    })
+                    .collect();
             }
 
             start += chunk_len;
             start %= verified.len();
         }
-        let txs_processed = bank_forks.working_bank().transaction_count();
-        debug!("processed: {} base: {}", txs_processed, base_tx_count);
         eprintln!(
-            "{{'name': 'banking_bench_total', 'median': '{:.2}'}}",
-            (1000.0 * 1000.0 * total_sent as f64) / (total_us as f64),
+            "{{'name': 'banking_bench_total', 'median': '{}'}}",
+            total / ITERS as u64,
         );
         eprintln!(
-            "{{'name': 'banking_bench_tx_total', 'median': '{:.2}'}}",
-            (1000.0 * 1000.0 * total_sent as f64) / (tx_total_us as f64),
-        );
-        eprintln!(
-            "{{'name': 'banking_bench_success_tx_total', 'median': '{:.2}'}}",
-            (1000.0 * 1000.0 * (txs_processed - base_tx_count) as f64) / (total_us as f64),
+            "{{'name': 'banking_bench_tx_total', 'median': '{}'}}",
+            tx_total / ITERS as u64,
         );
 
-        drop(verified_sender);
         drop(vote_sender);
         exit.store(true, Ordering::Relaxed);
-        banking_stage.join().unwrap();
-        debug!("waited for banking_stage");
         poh_service.join().unwrap();
         sleep(Duration::from_secs(1));
         debug!("waited for poh_service");
     }
-    let _unused = Blockstore::destroy(&ledger_path);
+    let _unused = Blocktree::destroy(&ledger_path);
 }

bench-exchange/Cargo.toml

@@ -2,37 +2,38 @@
 authors = ["Solana Maintainers <maintainers@solana.com>"]
 edition = "2018"
 name = "solana-bench-exchange"
-version = "1.2.6"
+version = "0.19.0-pre0"
 repository = "https://github.com/solana-labs/solana"
 license = "Apache-2.0"
 homepage = "https://solana.com/"
 publish = false
 
 [dependencies]
-clap = "2.33.1"
-itertools = "0.9.0"
+bincode = "1.1.4"
+bs58 = "0.3.0"
+clap = "2.32.0"
+env_logger = "0.6.2"
+itertools = "0.8.0"
 log = "0.4.8"
-num-derive = "0.3"
+num-derive = "0.2"
 num-traits = "0.2"
-rand = "0.7.0"
-rayon = "1.3.0"
-serde_json = "1.0.53"
-serde_yaml = "0.8.12"
-solana-clap-utils = { path = "../clap-utils", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-core = { path = "../core", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-genesis = { path = "../genesis", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-client = { path = "../client", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-faucet = { path = "../faucet", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-exchange-program = { path = "../programs/exchange", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-logger = { path = "../logger", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-metrics = { path = "../metrics", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-net-utils = { path = "../net-utils", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-runtime = { path = "../runtime", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-sdk = { path = "../sdk", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-version = { path = "../version", version = "1.2.6" }
-
-[dev-dependencies]
-solana-local-cluster = { path = "../local-cluster", version = "1.2.6" }
-
-[package.metadata.docs.rs]
-targets = ["x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"]
+rand = "0.6.5"
+rayon = "1.2.0"
+serde = "1.0.101"
+serde_derive = "1.0.101"
+serde_json = "1.0.40"
+serde_yaml = "0.8.9"
+# solana-runtime = { path = "../solana/runtime"}
+solana-core = { path = "../core", version = "0.19.0-pre0" }
+solana-genesis = { path = "../genesis", version = "0.19.0-pre0" }
+solana-client = { path = "../client", version = "0.19.0-pre0" }
+solana-drone = { path = "../drone", version = "0.19.0-pre0" }
+solana-exchange-api = { path = "../programs/exchange_api", version = "0.19.0-pre0" }
+solana-exchange-program = { path = "../programs/exchange_program", version = "0.19.0-pre0" }
+solana-logger = { path = "../logger", version = "0.19.0-pre0" }
+solana-metrics = { path = "../metrics", version = "0.19.0-pre0" }
+solana-netutil = { path = "../netutil", version = "0.19.0-pre0" }
+solana-runtime = { path = "../runtime", version = "0.19.0-pre0" }
+solana-sdk = { path = "../sdk", version = "0.19.0-pre0" }
+untrusted = "0.7.0"
+ws = "0.9.0"

bench-exchange/README.md

@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@ The Matcher would initiate the following last swap:
 
   - Row 1, To:   Investor 1 trades 2 A token to 12 B tokens
   - Row 1, From: Investor 2 trades 2 A token from 12 B tokens
-  - Matcher takes 2 B tokens as profit
+  - Matcher takes 4 B tokens as profit
 
 Table becomes:
 

bench-exchange/src/bench.rs

@@ -7,36 +7,32 @@ use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};
 use rayon::prelude::*;
 use solana_client::perf_utils::{sample_txs, SampleStats};
 use solana_core::gen_keys::GenKeys;
-use solana_exchange_program::{exchange_instruction, exchange_state::*, id};
-use solana_faucet::faucet::request_airdrop_transaction;
-use solana_genesis::Base64Account;
+use solana_drone::drone::request_airdrop_transaction;
+use solana_exchange_api::exchange_instruction;
+use solana_exchange_api::exchange_state::*;
+use solana_exchange_api::id;
+use solana_genesis::PrimordialAccountDetails;
 use solana_metrics::datapoint_info;
-use solana_sdk::{
-    client::{Client, SyncClient},
-    commitment_config::CommitmentConfig,
-    pubkey::Pubkey,
-    signature::{Keypair, Signer},
-    timing::{duration_as_ms, duration_as_s},
-    transaction::Transaction,
-    {system_instruction, system_program},
-};
-use std::{
-    cmp,
-    collections::{HashMap, VecDeque},
-    fs::File,
-    io::prelude::*,
-    mem,
-    net::SocketAddr,
-    path::Path,
-    process::exit,
-    sync::{
-        atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicUsize, Ordering},
-        mpsc::{channel, Receiver, Sender},
-        Arc, RwLock,
-    },
-    thread::{sleep, Builder},
-    time::{Duration, Instant},
-};
+use solana_sdk::client::Client;
+use solana_sdk::client::SyncClient;
+use solana_sdk::pubkey::Pubkey;
+use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, KeypairUtil};
+use solana_sdk::timing::{duration_as_ms, duration_as_s};
+use solana_sdk::transaction::Transaction;
+use solana_sdk::{system_instruction, system_program};
+use std::cmp;
+use std::collections::{HashMap, VecDeque};
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::io::prelude::*;
+use std::mem;
+use std::net::SocketAddr;
+use std::path::Path;
+use std::process::exit;
+use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicUsize, Ordering};
+use std::sync::mpsc::{channel, Receiver, Sender};
+use std::sync::{Arc, RwLock};
+use std::thread::{sleep, Builder};
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 
 // TODO Chunk length as specified results in a bunch of failures, divide by 10 helps...
 // Assume 4MB network buffers, and 512 byte packets
@@ -93,7 +89,7 @@ pub fn create_client_accounts_file(
     keypairs.iter().for_each(|keypair| {
         accounts.insert(
             serde_json::to_string(&keypair.to_bytes().to_vec()).unwrap(),
-            Base64Account {
+            PrimordialAccountDetails {
                 balance: fund_amount,
                 executable: false,
                 owner: system_program::id().to_string(),
@@ -144,7 +140,8 @@ where
         let path = Path::new(&client_ids_and_stake_file);
         let file = File::open(path).unwrap();
 
-        let accounts: HashMap<String, Base64Account> = serde_yaml::from_reader(file).unwrap();
+        let accounts: HashMap<String, PrimordialAccountDetails> =
+            serde_yaml::from_reader(file).unwrap();
         accounts
             .into_iter()
             .map(|(keypair, _)| {
@@ -178,28 +175,19 @@ where
 
     info!("Generating {:?} account keys", total_keys);
     let mut account_keypairs = generate_keypairs(total_keys);
-    let src_keypairs: Vec<_> = account_keypairs
+    let src_pubkeys: Vec<_> = account_keypairs
         .drain(0..accounts_in_groups)
-        .map(|keypair| keypair)
-        .collect();
-    let src_pubkeys: Vec<Pubkey> = src_keypairs
-        .iter()
         .map(|keypair| keypair.pubkey())
         .collect();
-
-    let profit_keypairs: Vec<_> = account_keypairs
+    let profit_pubkeys: Vec<_> = account_keypairs
         .drain(0..accounts_in_groups)
-        .map(|keypair| keypair)
-        .collect();
-    let profit_pubkeys: Vec<Pubkey> = profit_keypairs
-        .iter()
         .map(|keypair| keypair.pubkey())
         .collect();
 
     info!("Create {:?} source token accounts", src_pubkeys.len());
-    create_token_accounts(client, &trader_signers, &src_keypairs);
+    create_token_accounts(client, &trader_signers, &src_pubkeys);
     info!("Create {:?} profit token accounts", profit_pubkeys.len());
-    create_token_accounts(client, &swapper_signers, &profit_keypairs);
+    create_token_accounts(client, &swapper_signers, &profit_pubkeys);
 
     // Collect the max transaction rate and total tx count seen (single node only)
     let sample_stats = Arc::new(RwLock::new(Vec::new()));
@@ -256,7 +244,7 @@ where
     trace!("Start trader thread");
     let trader_thread = {
         let exit_signal = exit_signal.clone();
-
+        let shared_txs = shared_txs.clone();
         let client = clients[0].clone();
         Builder::new()
             .name("solana-exchange-trader".to_string())
@@ -393,10 +381,7 @@ fn swapper<T>(
             let mut tries = 0;
             let mut trade_index = 0;
             while client
-                .get_balance_with_commitment(
-                    &trade_infos[trade_index].trade_account,
-                    CommitmentConfig::recent(),
-                )
+                .get_balance(&trade_infos[trade_index].trade_account)
                 .unwrap_or(0)
                 == 0
             {
@@ -449,8 +434,8 @@ fn swapper<T>(
             }
             account_group = (account_group + 1) % account_groups as usize;
 
-            let (blockhash, _fee_calculator, _last_valid_slot) = client
-                .get_recent_blockhash_with_commitment(CommitmentConfig::recent())
+            let (blockhash, _fee_calculator) = client
+                .get_recent_blockhash()
                 .expect("Failed to get blockhash");
             let to_swap_txs: Vec<_> = to_swap
                 .par_iter()
@@ -459,7 +444,7 @@ fn swapper<T>(
                     let owner = &signer.pubkey();
                     Transaction::new_signed_instructions(
                         &[s],
-                        &[exchange_instruction::swap_request(
+                        vec![exchange_instruction::swap_request(
                             owner,
                             &swap.0.pubkey,
                             &swap.1.pubkey,
@@ -573,39 +558,27 @@ fn trader<T>(
                 trade_account: trade.pubkey(),
                 order_info,
             });
-            trades.push((signer, trade, side, src));
+            trades.push((signer, trade.pubkey(), side, src));
         }
         account_group = (account_group + 1) % account_groups as usize;
 
-        let (blockhash, _fee_calculator, _last_valid_slot) = client
-            .get_recent_blockhash_with_commitment(CommitmentConfig::recent())
+        let (blockhash, _fee_calculator) = client
+            .get_recent_blockhash()
             .expect("Failed to get blockhash");
 
         trades.chunks(chunk_size).for_each(|chunk| {
             let trades_txs: Vec<_> = chunk
                 .par_iter()
-                .map(|(owner, trade, side, src)| {
-                    let owner_pubkey = &owner.pubkey();
-                    let trade_pubkey = &trade.pubkey();
+                .map(|(signer, trade, side, src)| {
+                    let s: &Keypair = &signer;
+                    let owner = &signer.pubkey();
                     let space = mem::size_of::<ExchangeState>() as u64;
                     Transaction::new_signed_instructions(
-                        &[owner.as_ref(), trade],
-                        &[
-                            system_instruction::create_account(
-                                owner_pubkey,
-                                trade_pubkey,
-                                1,
-                                space,
-                                &id(),
-                            ),
+                        &[s],
+                        vec![
+                            system_instruction::create_account(owner, trade, 1, space, &id()),
                             exchange_instruction::trade_request(
-                                owner_pubkey,
-                                trade_pubkey,
-                                *side,
-                                pair,
-                                tokens,
-                                price,
-                                src,
+                                owner, trade, *side, pair, tokens, price, src,
                             ),
                         ],
                         blockhash,
@@ -661,14 +634,12 @@ fn trader<T>(
     }
 }
 
-fn verify_transaction<T>(sync_client: &T, tx: &Transaction) -> bool
+fn verify_transfer<T>(sync_client: &T, tx: &Transaction) -> bool
 where
     T: SyncClient + ?Sized,
 {
     for s in &tx.signatures {
-        if let Ok(Some(r)) =
-            sync_client.get_signature_status_with_commitment(s, CommitmentConfig::recent())
-        {
+        if let Ok(Some(r)) = sync_client.get_signature_status(s) {
             match r {
                 Ok(_) => {
                     return true;
@@ -687,21 +658,16 @@ fn verify_funding_transfer<T: SyncClient + ?Sized>(
     tx: &Transaction,
     amount: u64,
 ) -> bool {
-    if verify_transaction(client, tx) {
-        for a in &tx.message().account_keys[1..] {
-            if client
-                .get_balance_with_commitment(a, CommitmentConfig::recent())
-                .unwrap_or(0)
-                >= amount
-            {
-                return true;
-            }
+    for a in &tx.message().account_keys[1..] {
+        if client.get_balance(a).unwrap_or(0) >= amount {
+            return true;
         }
     }
+
     false
 }
 
-pub fn fund_keys<T: Client>(client: &T, source: &Keypair, dests: &[Arc<Keypair>], lamports: u64) {
+pub fn fund_keys(client: &dyn Client, source: &Keypair, dests: &[Arc<Keypair>], lamports: u64) {
     let total = lamports * (dests.len() as u64 + 1);
     let mut funded: Vec<(&Keypair, u64)> = vec![(source, total)];
     let mut notfunded: Vec<&Arc<Keypair>> = dests.iter().collect();
@@ -749,7 +715,7 @@ pub fn fund_keys<T: Client>(client: &T, source: &Keypair, dests: &[Arc<Keypair>]
                 .map(|(k, m)| {
                     (
                         k.clone(),
-                        Transaction::new_unsigned_instructions(&system_instruction::transfer_many(
+                        Transaction::new_unsigned_instructions(system_instruction::transfer_many(
                             &k.pubkey(),
                             &m,
                         )),
@@ -760,10 +726,9 @@ pub fn fund_keys<T: Client>(client: &T, source: &Keypair, dests: &[Arc<Keypair>]
             let mut retries = 0;
             let amount = chunk[0].1[0].1;
             while !to_fund_txs.is_empty() {
-                let receivers: usize = to_fund_txs
+                let receivers = to_fund_txs
                     .iter()
-                    .map(|(_, tx)| tx.message().instructions.len())
-                    .sum();
+                    .fold(0, |len, (_, tx)| len + tx.message().instructions.len());
 
                 debug!(
                     "  {} to {} in {} txs",
@@ -776,9 +741,8 @@ pub fn fund_keys<T: Client>(client: &T, source: &Keypair, dests: &[Arc<Keypair>]
                     to_fund_txs.len(),
                 );
 
-                let (blockhash, _fee_calculator, _last_valid_slot) = client
-                    .get_recent_blockhash_with_commitment(CommitmentConfig::recent())
-                    .expect("blockhash");
+                let (blockhash, _fee_calculator) =
+                    client.get_recent_blockhash().expect("blockhash");
                 to_fund_txs.par_iter_mut().for_each(|(k, tx)| {
                     tx.sign(&[*k], blockhash);
                 });
@@ -815,50 +779,35 @@ pub fn fund_keys<T: Client>(client: &T, source: &Keypair, dests: &[Arc<Keypair>]
         });
         funded.append(&mut new_funded);
         funded.retain(|(k, b)| {
-            client
-                .get_balance_with_commitment(&k.pubkey(), CommitmentConfig::recent())
-                .unwrap_or(0)
-                > lamports
-                && *b > lamports
+            client.get_balance(&k.pubkey()).unwrap_or(0) > lamports && *b > lamports
         });
         debug!("  Funded: {} left: {}", funded.len(), notfunded.len());
     }
 }
 
-pub fn create_token_accounts<T: Client>(
-    client: &T,
-    signers: &[Arc<Keypair>],
-    accounts: &[Keypair],
-) {
-    let mut notfunded: Vec<(&Arc<Keypair>, &Keypair)> = signers.iter().zip(accounts).collect();
+pub fn create_token_accounts(client: &dyn Client, signers: &[Arc<Keypair>], accounts: &[Pubkey]) {
+    let mut notfunded: Vec<(&Arc<Keypair>, &Pubkey)> = signers.iter().zip(accounts).collect();
 
     while !notfunded.is_empty() {
         notfunded.chunks(FUND_CHUNK_LEN).for_each(|chunk| {
             let mut to_create_txs: Vec<_> = chunk
                 .par_iter()
-                .map(|(from_keypair, new_keypair)| {
-                    let owner_pubkey = &from_keypair.pubkey();
+                .map(|(signer, new)| {
+                    let owner_pubkey = &signer.pubkey();
                     let space = mem::size_of::<ExchangeState>() as u64;
-                    let create_ix = system_instruction::create_account(
-                        owner_pubkey,
-                        &new_keypair.pubkey(),
-                        1,
-                        space,
-                        &id(),
-                    );
-                    let request_ix =
-                        exchange_instruction::account_request(owner_pubkey, &new_keypair.pubkey());
+                    let create_ix =
+                        system_instruction::create_account(owner_pubkey, new, 1, space, &id());
+                    let request_ix = exchange_instruction::account_request(owner_pubkey, new);
                     (
-                        (from_keypair, new_keypair),
-                        Transaction::new_unsigned_instructions(&[create_ix, request_ix]),
+                        signer,
+                        Transaction::new_unsigned_instructions(vec![create_ix, request_ix]),
                     )
                 })
                 .collect();
 
-            let accounts: usize = to_create_txs
+            let accounts = to_create_txs
                 .iter()
-                .map(|(_, tx)| tx.message().instructions.len() / 2)
-                .sum();
+                .fold(0, |len, (_, tx)| len + tx.message().instructions.len() / 2);
 
             debug!(
                 "  Creating {} accounts in {} txs",
@@ -868,14 +817,13 @@ pub fn create_token_accounts<T: Client>(
 
             let mut retries = 0;
             while !to_create_txs.is_empty() {
-                let (blockhash, _fee_calculator, _last_valid_slot) = client
-                    .get_recent_blockhash_with_commitment(CommitmentConfig::recent())
+                let (blockhash, _fee_calculator) = client
+                    .get_recent_blockhash()
                     .expect("Failed to get blockhash");
-                to_create_txs
-                    .par_iter_mut()
-                    .for_each(|((from_keypair, to_keypair), tx)| {
-                        tx.sign(&[from_keypair.as_ref(), to_keypair], blockhash);
-                    });
+                to_create_txs.par_iter_mut().for_each(|(k, tx)| {
+                    let kp: &Keypair = k;
+                    tx.sign(&[kp], blockhash);
+                });
                 to_create_txs.iter().for_each(|(_, tx)| {
                     client.async_send_transaction(tx.clone()).expect("transfer");
                 });
@@ -883,11 +831,11 @@ pub fn create_token_accounts<T: Client>(
                 let mut waits = 0;
                 while !to_create_txs.is_empty() {
                     sleep(Duration::from_millis(200));
-                    to_create_txs.retain(|(_, tx)| !verify_transaction(client, &tx));
+                    to_create_txs.retain(|(_, tx)| !verify_transfer(client, &tx));
                     if to_create_txs.is_empty() {
                         break;
                     }
-                    info!(
+                    debug!(
                         "    {} transactions outstanding, waits {:?}",
                         to_create_txs.len(),
                         waits
@@ -900,7 +848,7 @@ pub fn create_token_accounts<T: Client>(
 
                 if !to_create_txs.is_empty() {
                     retries += 1;
-                    info!("  Retry {:?} {} txes left", retries, to_create_txs.len());
+                    debug!("  Retry {:?}", retries);
                     if retries >= 20 {
                         error!(
                             "create_token_accounts: Too many retries ({}), give up",
@@ -912,13 +860,9 @@ pub fn create_token_accounts<T: Client>(
             }
         });
 
-        let mut new_notfunded: Vec<(&Arc<Keypair>, &Keypair)> = vec![];
+        let mut new_notfunded: Vec<(&Arc<Keypair>, &Pubkey)> = vec![];
         for f in &notfunded {
-            if client
-                .get_balance_with_commitment(&f.1.pubkey(), CommitmentConfig::recent())
-                .unwrap_or(0)
-                == 0
-            {
+            if client.get_balance(&f.1).unwrap_or(0) == 0 {
                 new_notfunded.push(*f)
             }
         }
@@ -974,13 +918,8 @@ fn generate_keypairs(num: u64) -> Vec<Keypair> {
     rnd.gen_n_keypairs(num)
 }
 
-pub fn airdrop_lamports<T: Client>(
-    client: &T,
-    faucet_addr: &SocketAddr,
-    id: &Keypair,
-    amount: u64,
-) {
-    let balance = client.get_balance_with_commitment(&id.pubkey(), CommitmentConfig::recent());
+pub fn airdrop_lamports(client: &dyn Client, drone_addr: &SocketAddr, id: &Keypair, amount: u64) {
+    let balance = client.get_balance(&id.pubkey());
     let balance = balance.unwrap_or(0);
     if balance >= amount {
         return;
@@ -991,40 +930,33 @@ pub fn airdrop_lamports<T: Client>(
     info!(
         "Airdropping {:?} lamports from {} for {}",
         amount_to_drop,
-        faucet_addr,
+        drone_addr,
         id.pubkey(),
     );
 
     let mut tries = 0;
     loop {
-        let (blockhash, _fee_calculator, _last_valid_slot) = client
-            .get_recent_blockhash_with_commitment(CommitmentConfig::recent())
+        let (blockhash, _fee_calculator) = client
+            .get_recent_blockhash()
             .expect("Failed to get blockhash");
-        match request_airdrop_transaction(&faucet_addr, &id.pubkey(), amount_to_drop, blockhash) {
+        match request_airdrop_transaction(&drone_addr, &id.pubkey(), amount_to_drop, blockhash) {
             Ok(transaction) => {
                 let signature = client.async_send_transaction(transaction).unwrap();
 
                 for _ in 0..30 {
-                    if let Ok(Some(_)) = client.get_signature_status_with_commitment(
-                        &signature,
-                        CommitmentConfig::recent(),
-                    ) {
+                    if let Ok(Some(_)) = client.get_signature_status(&signature) {
                         break;
                     }
                     sleep(Duration::from_millis(100));
                 }
-                if client
-                    .get_balance_with_commitment(&id.pubkey(), CommitmentConfig::recent())
-                    .unwrap_or(0)
-                    >= amount
-                {
+                if client.get_balance(&id.pubkey()).unwrap_or(0) >= amount {
                     break;
                 }
             }
             Err(err) => {
                 panic!(
                     "Error requesting airdrop: {:?} to addr: {:?} amount: {}",
-                    err, faucet_addr, amount
+                    err, drone_addr, amount
                 );
             }
         };

bench-exchange/src/cli.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
-use clap::{crate_description, crate_name, value_t, App, Arg, ArgMatches};
+use clap::{crate_description, crate_name, crate_version, value_t, App, Arg, ArgMatches};
 use solana_core::gen_keys::GenKeys;
-use solana_faucet::faucet::FAUCET_PORT;
-use solana_sdk::signature::{read_keypair_file, Keypair};
+use solana_drone::drone::DRONE_PORT;
+use solana_sdk::signature::{read_keypair, Keypair, KeypairUtil};
 use std::net::SocketAddr;
 use std::process::exit;
 use std::time::Duration;
 
 pub struct Config {
     pub entrypoint_addr: SocketAddr,
-    pub faucet_addr: SocketAddr,
+    pub drone_addr: SocketAddr,
     pub identity: Keypair,
     pub threads: usize,
     pub num_nodes: usize,
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ impl Default for Config {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self {
             entrypoint_addr: SocketAddr::from(([127, 0, 0, 1], 8001)),
-            faucet_addr: SocketAddr::from(([127, 0, 0, 1], FAUCET_PORT)),
+            drone_addr: SocketAddr::from(([127, 0, 0, 1], DRONE_PORT)),
             identity: Keypair::new(),
             num_nodes: 1,
             threads: 4,
@@ -44,10 +44,10 @@ impl Default for Config {
     }
 }
 
-pub fn build_args<'a, 'b>(version: &'b str) -> App<'a, 'b> {
+pub fn build_args<'a, 'b>() -> App<'a, 'b> {
     App::new(crate_name!())
         .about(crate_description!())
-        .version(version)
+        .version(crate_version!())
         .arg(
             Arg::with_name("entrypoint")
                 .short("n")
@@ -59,14 +59,14 @@ pub fn build_args<'a, 'b>(version: &'b str) -> App<'a, 'b> {
                 .help("Cluster entry point; defaults to 127.0.0.1:8001"),
         )
         .arg(
-            Arg::with_name("faucet")
+            Arg::with_name("drone")
                 .short("d")
-                .long("faucet")
+                .long("drone")
                 .value_name("HOST:PORT")
                 .takes_value(true)
                 .required(false)
                 .default_value("127.0.0.1:9900")
-                .help("Location of the faucet; defaults to 127.0.0.1:9900"),
+                .help("Location of the drone; defaults to 127.0.0.1:9900"),
         )
         .arg(
             Arg::with_name("identity")
@@ -166,22 +166,20 @@ pub fn build_args<'a, 'b>(version: &'b str) -> App<'a, 'b> {
 pub fn extract_args<'a>(matches: &ArgMatches<'a>) -> Config {
     let mut args = Config::default();
 
-    args.entrypoint_addr = solana_net_utils::parse_host_port(
-        matches.value_of("entrypoint").unwrap(),
-    )
-    .unwrap_or_else(|e| {
-        eprintln!("failed to parse entrypoint address: {}", e);
-        exit(1)
-    });
-
-    args.faucet_addr = solana_net_utils::parse_host_port(matches.value_of("faucet").unwrap())
+    args.entrypoint_addr = solana_netutil::parse_host_port(matches.value_of("entrypoint").unwrap())
         .unwrap_or_else(|e| {
-            eprintln!("failed to parse faucet address: {}", e);
+            eprintln!("failed to parse entrypoint address: {}", e);
+            exit(1)
+        });
+
+    args.drone_addr = solana_netutil::parse_host_port(matches.value_of("drone").unwrap())
+        .unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+            eprintln!("failed to parse drone address: {}", e);
             exit(1)
         });
 
     if matches.is_present("identity") {
-        args.identity = read_keypair_file(matches.value_of("identity").unwrap())
+        args.identity = read_keypair(matches.value_of("identity").unwrap())
             .expect("can't read client identity");
     } else {
         args.identity = {

bench-exchange/src/main.rs

@@ -5,18 +5,18 @@ pub mod order_book;
 use crate::bench::{airdrop_lamports, create_client_accounts_file, do_bench_exchange, Config};
 use log::*;
 use solana_core::gossip_service::{discover_cluster, get_multi_client};
-use solana_sdk::signature::Signer;
+use solana_sdk::signature::KeypairUtil;
 
 fn main() {
     solana_logger::setup();
     solana_metrics::set_panic_hook("bench-exchange");
 
-    let matches = cli::build_args(solana_version::version!()).get_matches();
+    let matches = cli::build_args().get_matches();
     let cli_config = cli::extract_args(&matches);
 
     let cli::Config {
         entrypoint_addr,
-        faucet_addr,
+        drone_addr,
         identity,
         threads,
         num_nodes,
@@ -54,9 +54,10 @@ fn main() {
         );
     } else {
         info!("Connecting to the cluster");
-        let nodes = discover_cluster(&entrypoint_addr, num_nodes).unwrap_or_else(|_| {
-            panic!("Failed to discover nodes");
-        });
+        let (nodes, _replicators) =
+            discover_cluster(&entrypoint_addr, num_nodes).unwrap_or_else(|_| {
+                panic!("Failed to discover nodes");
+            });
 
         let (client, num_clients) = get_multi_client(&nodes);
 
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ fn main() {
             const NUM_SIGNERS: u64 = 2;
             airdrop_lamports(
                 &client,
-                &faucet_addr,
+                &drone_addr,
                 &config.identity,
                 fund_amount * (accounts_in_groups + 1) as u64 * NUM_SIGNERS,
             );

bench-exchange/src/order_book.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use itertools::EitherOrBoth::{Both, Left, Right};
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use log::*;
-use solana_exchange_program::exchange_state::*;
+use solana_exchange_api::exchange_state::*;
 use solana_sdk::pubkey::Pubkey;
 use std::cmp::Ordering;
 use std::collections::BinaryHeap;

bench-streamer/Cargo.toml

@@ -2,18 +2,13 @@
 authors = ["Solana Maintainers <maintainers@solana.com>"]
 edition = "2018"
 name = "solana-bench-streamer"
-version = "1.2.6"
+version = "0.19.0-pre0"
 repository = "https://github.com/solana-labs/solana"
 license = "Apache-2.0"
 homepage = "https://solana.com/"
 
 [dependencies]
-clap = "2.33.1"
-solana-clap-utils = { path = "../clap-utils", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-streamer = { path = "../streamer", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-logger = { path = "../logger", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-net-utils = { path = "../net-utils", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-version = { path = "../version", version = "1.2.6" }
-
-[package.metadata.docs.rs]
-targets = ["x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"]
+clap = "2.33.0"
+solana-core = { path = "../core", version = "0.19.0-pre0" }
+solana-logger = { path = "../logger", version = "0.19.0-pre0" }
+solana-netutil = { path = "../netutil", version = "0.19.0-pre0" }

bench-streamer/src/main.rs

@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
-use clap::{crate_description, crate_name, App, Arg};
-use solana_streamer::packet::{Packet, Packets, PacketsRecycler, PACKET_DATA_SIZE};
-use solana_streamer::streamer::{receiver, PacketReceiver};
+use clap::{crate_description, crate_name, crate_version, App, Arg};
+use solana_core::packet::PacketsRecycler;
+use solana_core::packet::{Packet, Packets, BLOB_SIZE, PACKET_DATA_SIZE};
+use solana_core::result::Result;
+use solana_core::streamer::{receiver, PacketReceiver};
 use std::cmp::max;
 use std::net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, SocketAddr, UdpSocket};
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, AtomicUsize, Ordering};
 use std::sync::mpsc::channel;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 use std::thread::sleep;
-use std::thread::{spawn, JoinHandle, Result};
+use std::thread::{spawn, JoinHandle};
 use std::time::Duration;
 use std::time::SystemTime;
 
@@ -27,7 +29,7 @@ fn producer(addr: &SocketAddr, exit: Arc<AtomicBool>) -> JoinHandle<()> {
         let mut num = 0;
         for p in &msgs.packets {
             let a = p.meta.addr();
-            assert!(p.meta.size < PACKET_DATA_SIZE);
+            assert!(p.meta.size < BLOB_SIZE);
             send.send_to(&p.data[..p.meta.size], &a).unwrap();
             num += 1;
         }
@@ -52,7 +54,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
 
     let matches = App::new(crate_name!())
         .about(crate_description!())
-        .version(solana_version::version!())
+        .version(crate_version!())
         .arg(
             Arg::with_name("num-recv-sockets")
                 .long("num-recv-sockets")
@@ -67,8 +69,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
     }
 
     let mut port = 0;
-    let ip_addr = IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0));
-    let mut addr = SocketAddr::new(ip_addr, 0);
+    let mut addr = SocketAddr::new(IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::new(0, 0, 0, 0)), 0);
 
     let exit = Arc::new(AtomicBool::new(false));
 
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<()> {
     let mut read_threads = Vec::new();
     let recycler = PacketsRecycler::default();
     for _ in 0..num_sockets {
-        let read = solana_net_utils::bind_to(ip_addr, port, false).unwrap();
+        let read = solana_netutil::bind_to(port, false).unwrap();
         read.set_read_timeout(Some(Duration::new(1, 0))).unwrap();
 
         addr = read.local_addr().unwrap();

bench-tps/Cargo.toml

@@ -2,40 +2,34 @@
 authors = ["Solana Maintainers <maintainers@solana.com>"]
 edition = "2018"
 name = "solana-bench-tps"
-version = "1.2.6"
+version = "0.19.0-pre0"
 repository = "https://github.com/solana-labs/solana"
 license = "Apache-2.0"
 homepage = "https://solana.com/"
 
 [dependencies]
-bincode = "1.2.1"
-clap = "2.33.1"
+bincode = "1.1.4"
+clap = "2.33.0"
 log = "0.4.8"
-rayon = "1.3.0"
-serde_json = "1.0.53"
-serde_yaml = "0.8.12"
-solana-clap-utils = { path = "../clap-utils", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-core = { path = "../core", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-genesis = { path = "../genesis", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-client = { path = "../client", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-faucet = { path = "../faucet", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-librapay = { path = "../programs/librapay", version = "1.2.6", optional = true }
-solana-logger = { path = "../logger", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-metrics = { path = "../metrics", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-measure = { path = "../measure", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-net-utils = { path = "../net-utils", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-runtime = { path = "../runtime", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-sdk = { path = "../sdk", version = "1.2.6" }
-solana-move-loader-program = { path = "../programs/move_loader", version = "1.2.6", optional = true }
-solana-version = { path = "../version", version = "1.2.6" }
+rayon = "1.2.0"
+serde = "1.0.101"
+serde_derive = "1.0.101"
+serde_json = "1.0.40"
+serde_yaml = "0.8.9"
+solana-core = { path = "../core", version = "0.19.0-pre0" }
+solana-genesis = { path = "../genesis", version = "0.19.0-pre0" }
+solana-client = { path = "../client", version = "0.19.0-pre0" }
+solana-drone = { path = "../drone", version = "0.19.0-pre0" }
+solana-librapay-api = { path = "../programs/librapay_api", version = "0.19.0-pre0" }
+solana-logger = { path = "../logger", version = "0.19.0-pre0" }
+solana-metrics = { path = "../metrics", version = "0.19.0-pre0" }
+solana-measure = { path = "../measure", version = "0.19.0-pre0" }
+solana-netutil = { path = "../netutil", version = "0.19.0-pre0" }
+solana-runtime = { path = "../runtime", version = "0.19.0-pre0" }
+solana-sdk = { path = "../sdk", version = "0.19.0-pre0" }
+solana-move-loader-program = { path = "../programs/move_loader_program", version = "0.19.0-pre0" }
+solana-move-loader-api = { path = "../programs/move_loader_api", version = "0.19.0-pre0" }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-serial_test = "0.4.0"
-serial_test_derive = "0.4.0"
-solana-local-cluster = { path = "../local-cluster", version = "1.2.6" }
-
-[features]
-move = ["solana-librapay", "solana-move-loader-program"]
-
-[package.metadata.docs.rs]
-targets = ["x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu"]
+serial_test = "0.2.0"
+serial_test_derive = "0.2.0"

bench-tps/src/cli.rs

@@ -1,62 +1,59 @@
-use clap::{crate_description, crate_name, App, Arg, ArgMatches};
-use solana_faucet::faucet::FAUCET_PORT;
-use solana_sdk::fee_calculator::FeeRateGovernor;
-use solana_sdk::signature::{read_keypair_file, Keypair};
-use std::{net::SocketAddr, process::exit, time::Duration};
+use std::net::SocketAddr;
+use std::process::exit;
+use std::time::Duration;
 
-const NUM_LAMPORTS_PER_ACCOUNT_DEFAULT: u64 = solana_sdk::native_token::LAMPORTS_PER_SOL;
+use clap::{crate_description, crate_name, crate_version, App, Arg, ArgMatches};
+use solana_drone::drone::DRONE_PORT;
+use solana_sdk::fee_calculator::FeeCalculator;
+use solana_sdk::signature::{read_keypair, Keypair, KeypairUtil};
+
+const NUM_LAMPORTS_PER_ACCOUNT_DEFAULT: u64 = 64 * 1024;
 
 /// Holds the configuration for a single run of the benchmark
 pub struct Config {
     pub entrypoint_addr: SocketAddr,
-    pub faucet_addr: SocketAddr,
+    pub drone_addr: SocketAddr,
     pub id: Keypair,
     pub threads: usize,
     pub num_nodes: usize,
     pub duration: Duration,
     pub tx_count: usize,
-    pub keypair_multiplier: usize,
     pub thread_batch_sleep_ms: usize,
     pub sustained: bool,
     pub client_ids_and_stake_file: String,
     pub write_to_client_file: bool,
     pub read_from_client_file: bool,
     pub target_lamports_per_signature: u64,
-    pub multi_client: bool,
     pub use_move: bool,
     pub num_lamports_per_account: u64,
-    pub target_slots_per_epoch: u64,
 }
 
 impl Default for Config {
     fn default() -> Config {
         Config {
             entrypoint_addr: SocketAddr::from(([127, 0, 0, 1], 8001)),
-            faucet_addr: SocketAddr::from(([127, 0, 0, 1], FAUCET_PORT)),
+            drone_addr: SocketAddr::from(([127, 0, 0, 1], DRONE_PORT)),
             id: Keypair::new(),
             threads: 4,
             num_nodes: 1,
             duration: Duration::new(std::u64::MAX, 0),
-            tx_count: 50_000,
-            keypair_multiplier: 8,
-            thread_batch_sleep_ms: 1000,
+            tx_count: 500_000,
+            thread_batch_sleep_ms: 0,
             sustained: false,
             client_ids_and_stake_file: String::new(),
             write_to_client_file: false,
             read_from_client_file: false,
-            target_lamports_per_signature: FeeRateGovernor::default().target_lamports_per_signature,
-            multi_client: true,
+            target_lamports_per_signature: FeeCalculator::default().target_lamports_per_signature,
             use_move: false,
             num_lamports_per_account: NUM_LAMPORTS_PER_ACCOUNT_DEFAULT,
-            target_slots_per_epoch: 0,
         }
     }
 }
 
 /// Defines and builds the CLI args for a run of the benchmark
-pub fn build_args<'a, 'b>(version: &'b str) -> App<'a, 'b> {
+pub fn build_args<'a, 'b>() -> App<'a, 'b> {
     App::new(crate_name!()).about(crate_description!())
-        .version(version)
+        .version(crate_version!())
         .arg(
             Arg::with_name("entrypoint")
                 .short("n")
@@ -66,12 +63,12 @@ pub fn build_args<'a, 'b>(version: &'b str) -> App<'a, 'b> {
                 .help("Rendezvous with the cluster at this entry point; defaults to 127.0.0.1:8001"),
         )
         .arg(
-            Arg::with_name("faucet")
+            Arg::with_name("drone")
                 .short("d")
-                .long("faucet")
+                .long("drone")
                 .value_name("HOST:PORT")
                 .takes_value(true)
-                .help("Location of the faucet; defaults to entrypoint:FAUCET_PORT"),
+                .help("Location of the drone; defaults to entrypoint:DRONE_PORT"),
         )
         .arg(
             Arg::with_name("identity")
@@ -114,11 +111,6 @@ pub fn build_args<'a, 'b>(version: &'b str) -> App<'a, 'b> {
                 .long("use-move")
                 .help("Use Move language transactions to perform transfers."),
         )
-        .arg(
-            Arg::with_name("no-multi-client")
-                .long("no-multi-client")
-                .help("Disable multi-client support, only transact with the entrypoint."),
-        )
         .arg(
             Arg::with_name("tx_count")
                 .long("tx_count")
@@ -126,13 +118,6 @@ pub fn build_args<'a, 'b>(version: &'b str) -> App<'a, 'b> {
                 .takes_value(true)
                 .help("Number of transactions to send per batch")
         )
-        .arg(
-            Arg::with_name("keypair_multiplier")
-                .long("keypair-multiplier")
-                .value_name("NUM")
-                .takes_value(true)
-                .help("Multiply by transaction count to determine number of keypairs to create")
-        )
         .arg(
             Arg::with_name("thread-batch-sleep-ms")
                 .short("z")
@@ -174,15 +159,6 @@ pub fn build_args<'a, 'b>(version: &'b str) -> App<'a, 'b> {
                     "Number of lamports per account.",
                 ),
         )
-        .arg(
-            Arg::with_name("target_slots_per_epoch")
-                .long("target-slots-per-epoch")
-                .value_name("SLOTS")
-                .takes_value(true)
-                .help(
-                    "Wait until epochs are this many slots long.",
-                ),
-        )
 }
 
 /// Parses a clap `ArgMatches` structure into a `Config`
@@ -194,21 +170,21 @@ pub fn extract_args<'a>(matches: &ArgMatches<'a>) -> Config {
     let mut args = Config::default();
 
     if let Some(addr) = matches.value_of("entrypoint") {
-        args.entrypoint_addr = solana_net_utils::parse_host_port(addr).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+        args.entrypoint_addr = solana_netutil::parse_host_port(addr).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
             eprintln!("failed to parse entrypoint address: {}", e);
             exit(1)
         });
     }
 
-    if let Some(addr) = matches.value_of("faucet") {
-        args.faucet_addr = solana_net_utils::parse_host_port(addr).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
-            eprintln!("failed to parse faucet address: {}", e);
+    if let Some(addr) = matches.value_of("drone") {
+        args.drone_addr = solana_netutil::parse_host_port(addr).unwrap_or_else(|e| {
+            eprintln!("failed to parse drone address: {}", e);
             exit(1)
         });
     }
 
     if matches.is_present("identity") {
-        args.id = read_keypair_file(matches.value_of("identity").unwrap())
+        args.id = read_keypair(matches.value_of("identity").unwrap())
             .expect("can't read client identity");
     }
 
@@ -228,15 +204,7 @@ pub fn extract_args<'a>(matches: &ArgMatches<'a>) -> Config {
     }
 
     if let Some(s) = matches.value_of("tx_count") {
-        args.tx_count = s.to_string().parse().expect("can't parse tx_count");
-    }
-
-    if let Some(s) = matches.value_of("keypair_multiplier") {
-        args.keypair_multiplier = s
-            .to_string()
-            .parse()
-            .expect("can't parse keypair-multiplier");
-        assert!(args.keypair_multiplier >= 2);
+        args.tx_count = s.to_string().parse().expect("can't parse tx_account");
     }
 
     if let Some(t) = matches.value_of("thread-batch-sleep-ms") {
@@ -264,18 +232,10 @@ pub fn extract_args<'a>(matches: &ArgMatches<'a>) -> Config {
     }
 
     args.use_move = matches.is_present("use-move");
-    args.multi_client = !matches.is_present("no-multi-client");
 
     if let Some(v) = matches.value_of("num_lamports_per_account") {
         args.num_lamports_per_account = v.to_string().parse().expect("can't parse lamports");
     }
 
-    if let Some(t) = matches.value_of("target_slots_per_epoch") {
-        args.target_slots_per_epoch = t
-            .to_string()
-            .parse()
-            .expect("can't parse target slots per epoch");
-    }
-
     args
 }

bench-tps/src/main.rs

@@ -1,47 +1,45 @@
-use log::*;
 use solana_bench_tps::bench::{do_bench_tps, generate_and_fund_keypairs, generate_keypairs};
 use solana_bench_tps::cli;
-use solana_core::gossip_service::{discover_cluster, get_client, get_multi_client};
-use solana_genesis::Base64Account;
-use solana_sdk::fee_calculator::FeeRateGovernor;
-use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, Signer};
+use solana_core::gossip_service::{discover_cluster, get_multi_client};
+use solana_genesis::PrimordialAccountDetails;
+use solana_sdk::fee_calculator::FeeCalculator;
+use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, KeypairUtil};
 use solana_sdk::system_program;
-use std::{collections::HashMap, fs::File, io::prelude::*, path::Path, process::exit, sync::Arc};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::fs::File;
+use std::io::prelude::*;
+use std::path::Path;
+use std::process::exit;
 
 /// Number of signatures for all transactions in ~1 week at ~100K TPS
 pub const NUM_SIGNATURES_FOR_TXS: u64 = 100_000 * 60 * 60 * 24 * 7;
 
 fn main() {
-    solana_logger::setup_with_default("solana=info");
+    solana_logger::setup_with_filter("solana=info");
     solana_metrics::set_panic_hook("bench-tps");
 
-    let matches = cli::build_args(solana_version::version!()).get_matches();
+    let matches = cli::build_args().get_matches();
     let cli_config = cli::extract_args(&matches);
 
     let cli::Config {
         entrypoint_addr,
-        faucet_addr,
+        drone_addr,
         id,
         num_nodes,
         tx_count,
-        keypair_multiplier,
         client_ids_and_stake_file,
         write_to_client_file,
         read_from_client_file,
         target_lamports_per_signature,
         use_move,
-        multi_client,
         num_lamports_per_account,
         ..
     } = &cli_config;
 
-    let keypair_count = *tx_count * keypair_multiplier;
     if *write_to_client_file {
-        info!("Generating {} keypairs", keypair_count);
-        let (keypairs, _) = generate_keypairs(&id, keypair_count as u64);
+        let (keypairs, _) = generate_keypairs(&id, *tx_count as u64 * 2);
         let num_accounts = keypairs.len() as u64;
-        let max_fee =
-            FeeRateGovernor::new(*target_lamports_per_signature, 0).max_lamports_per_signature;
+        let max_fee = FeeCalculator::new(*target_lamports_per_signature).max_lamports_per_signature;
         let num_lamports_per_account = (num_accounts - 1 + NUM_SIGNATURES_FOR_TXS * max_fee)
             / num_accounts
             + num_lamports_per_account;
@@ -49,7 +47,7 @@ fn main() {
         keypairs.iter().for_each(|keypair| {
             accounts.insert(
                 serde_json::to_string(&keypair.to_bytes().to_vec()).unwrap(),
-                Base64Account {
+                PrimordialAccountDetails {
                     balance: num_lamports_per_account,
                     executable: false,
                     owner: system_program::id().to_string(),
@@ -58,7 +56,6 @@ fn main() {
             );
         });
 
-        info!("Writing {}", client_ids_and_stake_file);
         let serialized = serde_yaml::to_string(&accounts).unwrap();
         let path = Path::new(&client_ids_and_stake_file);
         let mut file = File::create(path).unwrap();
@@ -66,32 +63,29 @@ fn main() {
         return;
     }
 
-    info!("Connecting to the cluster");
-    let nodes = discover_cluster(&entrypoint_addr, *num_nodes).unwrap_or_else(|err| {
-        eprintln!("Failed to discover {} nodes: {:?}", num_nodes, err);
-        exit(1);
-    });
-
-    let client = if *multi_client {
-        let (client, num_clients) = get_multi_client(&nodes);
-        if nodes.len() < num_clients {
-            eprintln!(
-                "Error: Insufficient nodes discovered.  Expecting {} or more",
-                num_nodes
-            );
+    println!("Connecting to the cluster");
+    let (nodes, _replicators) =
+        discover_cluster(&entrypoint_addr, *num_nodes).unwrap_or_else(|err| {
+            eprintln!("Failed to discover {} nodes: {:?}", num_nodes, err);
             exit(1);
-        }
-        Arc::new(client)
-    } else {
-        Arc::new(get_client(&nodes))
-    };
+        });
 
-    let (keypairs, move_keypairs) = if *read_from_client_file && !use_move {
+    let (client, num_clients) = get_multi_client(&nodes);
+
+    if nodes.len() < num_clients {
+        eprintln!(
+            "Error: Insufficient nodes discovered.  Expecting {} or more",
+            num_nodes
+        );
+        exit(1);
+    }
+
+    let (keypairs, move_keypairs, keypair_balance) = if *read_from_client_file && !use_move {
         let path = Path::new(&client_ids_and_stake_file);
         let file = File::open(path).unwrap();
 
-        info!("Reading {}", client_ids_and_stake_file);
-        let accounts: HashMap<String, Base64Account> = serde_yaml::from_reader(file).unwrap();
+        let accounts: HashMap<String, PrimordialAccountDetails> =
+            serde_yaml::from_reader(file).unwrap();
         let mut keypairs = vec![];
         let mut last_balance = 0;
 
@@ -102,27 +96,17 @@ fn main() {
                 keypairs.push(Keypair::from_bytes(&bytes).unwrap());
                 last_balance = primordial_account.balance;
             });
-
-        if keypairs.len() < keypair_count {
-            eprintln!(
-                "Expected {} accounts in {}, only received {} (--tx_count mismatch?)",
-                keypair_count,
-                client_ids_and_stake_file,
-                keypairs.len(),
-            );
-            exit(1);
-        }
         // Sort keypairs so that do_bench_tps() uses the same subset of accounts for each run.
         // This prevents the amount of storage needed for bench-tps accounts from creeping up
         // across multiple runs.
         keypairs.sort_by(|x, y| x.pubkey().to_string().cmp(&y.pubkey().to_string()));
-        (keypairs, None)
+        (keypairs, None, last_balance)
     } else {
         generate_and_fund_keypairs(
-            client.clone(),
-            Some(*faucet_addr),
+            &client,
+            Some(*drone_addr),
             &id,
-            keypair_count,
+            *tx_count,
             *num_lamports_per_account,
             *use_move,
         )
@@ -132,5 +116,11 @@ fn main() {
         })
     };
 
-    do_bench_tps(client, cli_config, keypairs, move_keypairs);
+    do_bench_tps(
+        vec![client],
+        cli_config,
+        keypairs,
+        keypair_balance,
+        move_keypairs,
+    );
 }

book/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+Building the Solana book
+---
+
+Install the book's dependnecies, build, and test the book:
+
+```bash
+$ ./build.sh
+```
+
+Run any Rust tests in the markdown:
+
+```bash
+$ make test
+```
+
+Render markdown as HTML:
+
+```bash
+$ make build
+```
+
+Render and view the book:
+
+```bash
+$ make open
+```

book/art/consensus.msc

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+msc {
+  client,leader,verifier_a,verifier_b,verifier_c;
+
+  client=>leader [ label = "SUBMIT" ] ;
+  leader=>client [ label = "CONFIRMED" ] ;
+  leader=>verifier_a [ label = "CONFIRMED" ] ;
+  leader=>verifier_b [ label = "CONFIRMED" ] ;
+  leader=>verifier_c [ label = "CONFIRMED" ] ;
+  verifier_a=>leader [ label = "VERIFIED" ] ;
+  verifier_b=>leader [ label = "VERIFIED" ] ;
+  leader=>client [ label = "FINALIZED" ] ;
+  leader=>verifier_a [ label = "FINALIZED" ] ;
+  leader=>verifier_b [ label = "FINALIZED" ] ;
+  leader=>verifier_c [ label = "FINALIZED" ] ;
+}

book/art/passive-staking-callflow.msc

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ msc {
   ... ;
   Validator abox Validator [label="\nmax\nlockout\n"];
        |||;
-  Cluster box Cluster [label="credits redeemed (at epoch)"];
-
+  StakerX => Cluster [label="StakeState::RedeemCredits()"];
+  StakerY => Cluster [label="StakeState::RedeemCredits()"] ;
 
 }

book/art/sdk-tools.bob

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+
+                            .----------------------------------------.
+                            |            Solana Runtime              |
+                            |                                        |
+                            |   .------------.   .------------.      |
+                            |   |            |   |            |      |
+                      .-------->|  Verifier  +-->|  Accounts  |      |
+                      |     |   |            |   |            |      |
+  .----------.        |     |   `------------`   `------------`      |
+  |          +--------`     |                           ^            |
+  |  Client  |              |             LoadAccounts  |            |
+  |          +--------.     |          .----------------`            |
+  `----------`        |     |          |                             |
+                      |     |   .------+-----.   .-------------.     |
+                      |     |   |            |   |             |     |
+                      `-------->|  Loader    +-->| Interpreter |     |
+                            |   |            |   |             |     |
+                            |   `------------`   `-------------`     |
+                            |                                        |
+                            `----------------------------------------`

book/art/spv-bank-merkle.bob

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+                             +------------+
+                             | Bank-Merkle|
+                             +------------+
+                                ^      ^
+                               /        \
+               +-----------------+    +-------------+
+               | Bank-Diff-Merkle|    | Block-Merkle|
+               +-----------------+    +-------------+
+                     ^     ^
+                    /       \
+               +------+   +--------------------------+
+               | Hash |   | Previous Bank-Diff-Merkle|
+               +------+   +--------------------------+
+               ^      ^
+              /        \
+ +---------------+   +---------------+
+ | Hash(Account1)|   | Hash(Account2)|
+ +---------------+   +---------------+

book/art/tvu.bob

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+                                                  .--------.
+                                                  | Leader |
+                                                  `--------`
+                                                       ^
+                                                       |
+                  .------------------------------------|--------------------.
+                  |  TVU                               |                    |
+                  |                                    |                    |
+                  |  .-------.   .------------.   .----+---.   .---------.  |
+ .------------.   |  | Blob  |   | Retransmit |   | Replay |   | Storage |  |
+ | Upstream   +----->| Fetch +-->| Stage      +-->| Stage  +-->| Stage   |  |
+ | Validators |   |  | Stage |   |            |   |        |   |         |  |
+ `------------`   |  `-------`   `----+-------`   `----+---`   `---------`  |
+                  |        ^          |                |                    |
+                  |        |          |                |                    |
+                  `--------|----------|----------------|--------------------`
+                           |          |                |
+                           |          V                v
+                          .+-----------.            .------.
+                          | Gossip     |            | Bank |
+                          | Service    |            `------`
+                          `------------`

book/art/validator.bob

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+             .--------------------------------------.
+             |  Validator                           |
+             |                                      |
+ .--------.  |  .-------------------.               |
+ |        |---->|                   |               |
+ | Client |  |  | JSON RPC Service  |               |
+ |        |<----|                   |               |
+ `----+---`  |  `-------------------`               |
+      |      |     ^                                |
+      |      |     |     .----------------.         | .------------------.
+      |      |     |     | Gossip Service |<----------| Validators       |
+      |      |     |     `----------------`         | |                  |
+      |      |     |           ^                    | |                  |
+      |      |     |           |                    | |  .------------.  |
+      |      | .---+---.  .----+---. .-----------.  | |  |            |  |
+      |      | | Bank  |<-+ Replay | | BlobFetch |<------+ Upstream   |  |
+      |      | | Forks |  | Stage  | |  Stage    |  | |  | Validators |  |
+      |      | `-------`  `--------` `--+--------`  | |  |            |  |
+      |      |     ^              ^     |           | |  `------------`  |
+      |      |     |              |     v           | |                  |
+      |      |     |           .--+--------.        | |                  |
+      |      |     |           | Blocktree |        | |                  |
+      |      |     |           `-----------`        | |  .------------.  |
+      |      |     |                ^               | |  |            |  |
+      |      |     |                |               | |  | Downstream |  |
+      |      |  .--+--.     .-------+---.           | |  | Validators |  |
+      `-------->| TPU +---->| Broadcast +--------------->|            |  |
+             |  `-----`     | Stage     |           | |  `------------`  |
+             |              `-----------`           | `------------------`
+             `--------------------------------------`

book/book.toml

@@ -8,5 +8,3 @@ create-missing = false
 
 [output.html]
 theme = "theme"
-
-[output.linkcheck]

book/build-svg.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -e
+
+cd "$(dirname "$0")"
+
+make -j"$(nproc)" -B svg 
+
+if [[ -n $CI ]]; then
+  # In CI confirm that no svgs need to be built 
+  git diff --exit-code
+fi

book/build.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -e
+
+cd "$(dirname "$0")"
+
+make -j"$(nproc)" test

book/makefile

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 BOB_SRCS=$(wildcard art/*.bob)
 MSC_SRCS=$(wildcard art/*.msc)
-MD_SRCS=$(wildcard src/*.md src/*/*.md) src/cli/usage.md
+MD_SRCS=$(wildcard src/*.md)
 
 SVG_IMGS=$(BOB_SRCS:art/%.bob=src/.gitbook/assets/%.svg) $(MSC_SRCS:art/%.msc=src/.gitbook/assets/%.svg)
 
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ test: $(TEST_STAMP)
 
 open: $(TEST_STAMP)
 	mdbook build --open
-	./set-solana-release-tag.sh
 
 watch: $(SVG_IMGS)
 	mdbook watch
@@ -28,12 +27,6 @@ src/.gitbook/assets/%.svg: art/%.msc
 	@mkdir -p $(@D)
 	mscgen -T svg -i $< -o $@
 
-../target/debug/solana:
-	cd ../cli && cargo build
-
-src/cli/usage.md: build-cli-usage.sh ../target/debug/solana
-	./$<
-
 src/%.md: %.md
 	@mkdir -p $(@D)
 	@cp $< $@
@@ -44,7 +37,6 @@ $(TEST_STAMP): $(TARGET)
 
 $(TARGET): $(SVG_IMGS) $(MD_SRCS)
 	mdbook build
-	./set-solana-release-tag.sh
 
 clean:
 	rm -f $(SVG_IMGS) src/tests.ok

book/src/.gitbook/assets/data-plane-fanout.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
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+<marker id="triangle" markerHeight="8" markerWidth="8" orient="auto" refX="4" refY="2" viewBox="0 0 8 4">
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+<circle cx="10" cy="10" fill="black" r="8"/>
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+<rect fill="black" height="20" width="20" x="0" y="0"/>
+</marker>
+<marker id="open_circle" markerHeight="10" markerWidth="10" orient="auto" refX="10" refY="10" viewBox="0 0 20 20">
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+<circle cx="20" cy="20" fill="white" r="6" stroke="black" stroke-width="2"/>
+</marker>
+</defs>
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+      fill-opacity: 1;
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+        stroke-dasharray: 5;
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+      fill:black;
+      stroke: black;
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+      stroke-opacity: 1;
+      fill-opacity: 1;
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+    circle.open {
+      fill:none;
+      stroke: black;
+      stroke-width: 2;
+      stroke-opacity: 1;
+      fill-opacity: 1;
+      stroke-linecap: round;
+      stroke-linejoin: miter;
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+    tspan.head{
+        fill: none;
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+<g>
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+</text>
+</g>
+<g>
+<text x="65" y="76">
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+</text>
+</g>
+<g>
+<text x="145" y="76">
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+</g>
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+Neighborhood
+</text>
+</g>
+<g>
+<text x="321" y="44">
+0
+</text>
+</g>
+<g>
+<text x="377" y="268">
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+</text>
+</g>
+<g>
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+</text>
+</g>
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+2
+</text>
+</g>
+<g>
+<text x="481" y="268">
+2
+</text>
+</g>
+</svg>

book/src/.gitbook/assets/data-plane-neighborhood.svg

@@ -0,0 +1,322 @@
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book/src/SUMMARY.md

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+# Table of contents
+
+* [Introduction](introduction.md)
+* [Terminology](terminology.md)
+* [Getting Started](getting-started/README.md)
+  * [Testnet Participation](getting-started/testnet-participation.md)
+  * [Example Client: Web Wallet](getting-started/webwallet.md)
+* [Programming Model](programs/README.md)
+  * [Example: Tic-Tac-Toe](programs/tictactoe.md)
+  * [Drones](programs/drones.md)
+* [A Solana Cluster](cluster/README.md)
+  * [Synchronization](cluster/synchronization.md)
+  * [Leader Rotation](cluster/leader-rotation.md)
+  * [Fork Generation](cluster/fork-generation.md)
+  * [Managing Forks](cluster/managing-forks.md)
+  * [Turbine Block Propagation](cluster/turbine-block-propagation.md)
+  * [Ledger Replication](cluster/ledger-replication.md)
+  * [Secure Vote Signing](cluster/vote-signing.md)
+  * [Stake Delegation and Rewards](cluster/stake-delegation-and-rewards.md)
+  * [Performance Metrics](cluster/performance-metrics.md)
+* [Anatomy of a Validator](validator/README.md)
+  * [TPU](validator/tpu.md)
+  * [TVU](validator/tvu/README.md)
+    * [Blocktree](validator/tvu/blocktree.md)
+  * [Gossip Service](validator/gossip.md)
+  * [The Runtime](validator/runtime.md)
+* [Anatomy of a Transaction](transaction.md)
+* [Running a Validator](running-validator/README.md)
+  * [Hardware Requirements](running-validator/validator-hardware.md)
+  * [Choosing a Testnet](running-validator/validator-testnet.md)
+  * [Installing the Validator Software](running-validator/validator-software.md)
+  * [Starting a Validator](running-validator/validator-start.md)
+  * [Staking](running-validator/validator-stake.md)
+  * [Monitoring a Validator](running-validator/validator-monitor.md)
+  * [Publishing Validator Info](running-validator/validator-info.md)
+  * [Troubleshooting](running-validator/validator-troubleshoot.md)
+  * [FAQ](running-validator/validator-faq.md)
+* [Running a Replicator](running-replicator.md)
+* [API Reference](api-reference/README.md)
+  * [Transaction](api-reference/transaction-api.md)
+  * [Instruction](api-reference/instruction-api.md)
+  * [Blockstreamer](api-reference/blockstreamer.md)
+  * [JSON RPC API](api-reference/jsonrpc-api.md)
+  * [JavaScript API](api-reference/javascript-api.md)
+  * [solana CLI](api-reference/cli.md)
+* [Accepted Design Proposals](proposals/README.md)
+  * [Ledger Replication](proposals/ledger-replication-to-implement.md)
+  * [Secure Vote Signing](proposals/vote-signing-to-implement.md)
+  * [Staking Rewards](proposals/staking-rewards.md)
+  * [Cluster Economics](proposals/ed_overview/README.md)
+    * [Validation-client Economics](proposals/ed_overview/ed_validation_client_economics/README.md)
+      * [State-validation Protocol-based Rewards](proposals/ed_overview/ed_validation_client_economics/ed_vce_state_validation_protocol_based_rewards.md)
+      * [State-validation Transaction Fees](proposals/ed_overview/ed_validation_client_economics/ed_vce_state_validation_transaction_fees.md)
+      * [Replication-validation Transaction Fees](proposals/ed_overview/ed_validation_client_economics/ed_vce_replication_validation_transaction_fees.md)
+      * [Validation Stake Delegation](proposals/ed_overview/ed_validation_client_economics/ed_vce_validation_stake_delegation.md)
+    * [Replication-client Economics](proposals/ed_overview/ed_replication_client_economics/README.md)
+      * [Storage-replication Rewards](proposals/ed_overview/ed_replication_client_economics/ed_rce_storage_replication_rewards.md)
+      * [Replication-client Reward Auto-delegation](proposals/ed_overview/ed_replication_client_economics/ed_rce_replication_client_reward_auto_delegation.md)
+    * [Economic Sustainability](proposals/ed_overview/ed_economic_sustainability.md)
+    * [Attack Vectors](proposals/ed_overview/ed_attack_vectors.md)
+    * [Economic Design MVP](proposals/ed_overview/ed_mvp.md)
+    * [References](proposals/ed_overview/ed_references.md)
+  * [Cluster Test Framework](proposals/cluster-test-framework.md)
+  * [Validator](proposals/validator-proposal.md)
+  * [Simple Payment and State Verification](proposals/simple-payment-and-state-verification.md)
+  * [Cross-Program Invocation](proposals/cross-program-invocation.md)
+* [Implemented Design Proposals](implemented-proposals/README.md)
+  * [Blocktree](implemented-proposals/blocktree.md)
+  * [Cluster Software Installation and Updates](implemented-proposals/installer.md)
+  * [Deterministic Transaction Fees](implemented-proposals/transaction-fees.md)
+  * [Tower BFT](implemented-proposals/tower-bft.md)
+  * [Leader-to-Leader Transition](implemented-proposals/leader-leader-transition.md)
+  * [Leader-to-Validator Transition](implemented-proposals/leader-validator-transition.md)
+  * [Passive Stake Delegation and Rewards](implemented-proposals/passive-stake-delegation-and-rewards.md)
+  * [Persistent Account Storage](implemented-proposals/persistent-account-storage.md)
+  * [Reliable Vote Transmission](implemented-proposals/reliable-vote-transmission.md)
+  * [Repair Service](implemented-proposals/repair-service.md)
+  * [Testing Programs](implemented-proposals/testing-programs.md)
+  * [Credit-only Accounts](implemented-proposals/credit-only-credit-debit-accounts.md)
+  * [Embedding the Move Langauge](implemented-proposals/embedding-move.md)
+

book/src/api-reference.md

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# API Reference
+
+The following sections contain API references material you may find useful
+when developing applications utilizing a Solana cluster.

book/src/api-reference/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# API Reference
+
+The following sections contain API references material you may find useful when developing applications utilizing a Solana cluster.
+

book/src/api-reference/blockstreamer.md

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+# Blockstreamer
+
+Solana supports a node type called an _blockstreamer_. This fullnode variation is intended for applications that need to observe the data plane without participating in transaction validation or ledger replication.
+
+A blockstreamer runs without a vote signer, and can optionally stream ledger entries out to a Unix domain socket as they are processed. The JSON-RPC service still functions as on any other node.
+
+To run a blockstreamer, include the argument `no-signer` and \(optional\) `blockstream` socket location:
+
+```bash
+$ ./multinode-demo/validator-x.sh --no-signer --blockstream <SOCKET>
+```
+
+The stream will output a series of JSON objects:
+
+* An Entry event JSON object is sent when each ledger entry is processed, with the following fields:
+  * `dt`, the system datetime, as RFC3339-formatted string
+  * `t`, the event type, always "entry"
+  * `s`, the slot height, as unsigned 64-bit integer
+  * `h`, the tick height, as unsigned 64-bit integer
+  * `entry`, the entry, as JSON object
+* A Block event JSON object is sent when a block is complete, with the following fields:
+  * `dt`, the system datetime, as RFC3339-formatted string
+  * `t`, the event type, always "block"
+  * `s`, the slot height, as unsigned 64-bit integer
+  * `h`, the tick height, as unsigned 64-bit integer
+  * `l`, the slot leader id, as base-58 encoded string
+  * `id`, the block id, as base-58 encoded string
+

book/src/api-reference/cli.md

@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
+# solana CLI
+
+The [solana-cli crate](https://crates.io/crates/solana-cli) provides a command-line interface tool for Solana
+
+## Examples
+
+### Get Pubkey
+
+```bash
+// Command
+$ solana address
+
+// Return
+<PUBKEY>
+```
+
+### Airdrop Lamports
+
+```bash
+// Command
+$ solana airdrop 123
+
+// Return
+"Your balance is: 123"
+```
+
+### Get Balance
+
+```bash
+// Command
+$ solana balance
+
+// Return
+"Your balance is: 123"
+```
+
+### Confirm Transaction
+
+```bash
+// Command
+$ solana confirm <TX_SIGNATURE>
+
+// Return
+"Confirmed" / "Not found" / "Transaction failed with error <ERR>"
+```
+
+### Deploy program
+
+```bash
+// Command
+$ solana deploy <PATH>
+
+// Return
+<PROGRAM_ID>
+```
+
+### Unconditional Immediate Transfer
+
+```bash
+// Command
+$ solana pay <PUBKEY> 123
+
+// Return
+<TX_SIGNATURE>
+```
+
+### Post-Dated Transfer
+
+```bash
+// Command
+$ solana pay <PUBKEY> 123 \
+    --after 2018-12-24T23:59:00 --require-timestamp-from <PUBKEY>
+
+// Return
+{signature: <TX_SIGNATURE>, processId: <PROCESS_ID>}
+```
+
+_`require-timestamp-from` is optional. If not provided, the transaction will expect a timestamp signed by this wallet's secret key_
+
+### Authorized Transfer
+
+A third party must send a signature to unlock the lamports.
+
+```bash
+// Command
+$ solana pay <PUBKEY> 123 \
+    --require-signature-from <PUBKEY>
+
+// Return
+{signature: <TX_SIGNATURE>, processId: <PROCESS_ID>}
+```
+
+### Post-Dated and Authorized Transfer
+
+```bash
+// Command
+$ solana pay <PUBKEY> 123 \
+    --after 2018-12-24T23:59 --require-timestamp-from <PUBKEY> \
+    --require-signature-from <PUBKEY>
+
+// Return
+{signature: <TX_SIGNATURE>, processId: <PROCESS_ID>}
+```
+
+### Multiple Witnesses
+
+```bash
+// Command
+$ solana pay <PUBKEY> 123 \
+    --require-signature-from <PUBKEY> \
+    --require-signature-from <PUBKEY>
+
+// Return
+{signature: <TX_SIGNATURE>, processId: <PROCESS_ID>}
+```
+
+### Cancelable Transfer
+
+```bash
+// Command
+$ solana pay <PUBKEY> 123 \
+    --require-signature-from <PUBKEY> \
+    --cancelable
+
+// Return
+{signature: <TX_SIGNATURE>, processId: <PROCESS_ID>}
+```
+
+### Cancel Transfer
+
+```bash
+// Command
+$ solana cancel <PROCESS_ID>
+
+// Return
+<TX_SIGNATURE>
+```
+
+### Send Signature
+
+```bash
+// Command
+$ solana send-signature <PUBKEY> <PROCESS_ID>
+
+// Return
+<TX_SIGNATURE>
+```
+
+### Indicate Elapsed Time
+
+Use the current system time:
+
+```bash
+// Command
+$ solana send-timestamp <PUBKEY> <PROCESS_ID>
+
+// Return
+<TX_SIGNATURE>
+```
+
+Or specify some other arbitrary timestamp:
+
+```bash
+// Command
+$ solana send-timestamp <PUBKEY> <PROCESS_ID> --date 2018-12-24T23:59:00
+
+// Return
+<TX_SIGNATURE>
+```
+
+## Usage
+
+```text
+solana 0.12.0
+
+USAGE:
+    solana [FLAGS] [OPTIONS] [SUBCOMMAND]
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+        --rpc-tls    Enable TLS for the RPC endpoint
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+        --drone-host <IP ADDRESS>    Drone host to use [default: same as --host]
+        --drone-port <PORT>          Drone port to use [default: 9900]
+    -n, --host <IP ADDRESS>          Host to use for both RPC and drone [default: 127.0.0.1]
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>             /path/to/id.json
+        --rpc-host <IP ADDRESS>      RPC host to use [default: same as --host]
+        --rpc-port <PORT>            RPC port to use [default: 8899]
+
+SUBCOMMANDS:
+    address                  Get your public key
+    airdrop                  Request a batch of lamports
+    balance                  Get your balance
+    cancel                   Cancel a transfer
+    confirm                  Confirm transaction by signature
+    deploy                   Deploy a program
+    get-transaction-count    Get current transaction count
+    help                     Prints this message or the help of the given subcommand(s)
+    pay                      Send a payment
+    send-signature           Send a signature to authorize a transfer
+    send-timestamp           Send a timestamp to unlock a transfer
+```
+
+```text
+solana-address
+Get your public key
+
+USAGE:
+    solana address
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+```
+
+```text
+solana-airdrop
+Request a batch of lamports
+
+USAGE:
+    solana airdrop <NUM>
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+ARGS:
+    <NUM>    The number of lamports to request
+```
+
+```text
+solana-balance
+Get your balance
+
+USAGE:
+    solana balance
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+```
+
+```text
+solana-cancel
+Cancel a transfer
+
+USAGE:
+    solana cancel <PROCESS_ID>
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+ARGS:
+    <PROCESS_ID>    The process id of the transfer to cancel
+```
+
+```text
+solana-confirm
+Confirm transaction by signature
+
+USAGE:
+    solana confirm <SIGNATURE>
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+ARGS:
+    <SIGNATURE>    The transaction signature to confirm
+```
+
+```text
+solana-deploy
+Deploy a program
+
+USAGE:
+    solana deploy <PATH>
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+ARGS:
+    <PATH>    /path/to/program.o
+```
+
+```text
+solana-fees
+Display current cluster fees
+
+USAGE:
+    solana fees
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+```
+
+```text
+solana-get-transaction-count
+Get current transaction count
+
+USAGE:
+    solana get-transaction-count
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+```
+
+```text
+solana-pay
+Send a payment
+
+USAGE:
+    solana pay [FLAGS] [OPTIONS] <PUBKEY> <NUM>
+
+FLAGS:
+        --cancelable
+    -h, --help          Prints help information
+    -V, --version       Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+        --after <DATETIME>                      A timestamp after which transaction will execute
+        --require-timestamp-from <PUBKEY>       Require timestamp from this third party
+        --require-signature-from <PUBKEY>...    Any third party signatures required to unlock the lamports
+
+ARGS:
+    <PUBKEY>    The pubkey of recipient
+    <NUM>       The number of lamports to send
+```
+
+```text
+solana-send-signature
+Send a signature to authorize a transfer
+
+USAGE:
+    solana send-signature <PUBKEY> <PROCESS_ID>
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+ARGS:
+    <PUBKEY>        The pubkey of recipient
+    <PROCESS_ID>    The process id of the transfer to authorize
+```
+
+```text
+solana-send-timestamp
+Send a timestamp to unlock a transfer
+
+USAGE:
+    solana send-timestamp [OPTIONS] <PUBKEY> <PROCESS_ID>
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+        --date <DATETIME>    Optional arbitrary timestamp to apply
+
+ARGS:
+    <PUBKEY>        The pubkey of recipient
+    <PROCESS_ID>    The process id of the transfer to unlock
+```
+

book/src/api-reference/instruction-api.md

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Instruction
+
+For the purposes of building a [Transaction](../transaction.md), a more verbose instruction format is used:
+
+* **Instruction:**
+  * **program\_id:** The pubkey of the on-chain program that executes the
+
+    instruction
+
+  * **accounts:** An ordered list of accounts that should be passed to
+
+    the program processing the instruction, including metadata detailing
+
+    if an account is a signer of the transaction and if it is a credit
+
+    only account.
+
+  * **data:** A byte array that is passed to the program executing the
+
+    instruction
+
+A more compact form is actually included in a `Transaction`:
+
+* **CompiledInstruction:**
+  * **program\_id\_index:** The index of the `program_id` in the
+
+    `account_keys` list
+
+  * **accounts:** An ordered list of indices into `account_keys`
+
+    specifying the accounds that should be passed to the program
+
+    processing the instruction.
+
+  * **data:** A byte array that is passed to the program executing the
+
+    instruction
+

book/src/api-reference/jsonrpc-api.md

@@ -0,0 +1,788 @@
+# JSON RPC API
+
+Solana nodes accept HTTP requests using the [JSON-RPC 2.0](https://www.jsonrpc.org/specification) specification.
+
+To interact with a Solana node inside a JavaScript application, use the [solana-web3.js](https://github.com/solana-labs/solana-web3.js) library, which gives a convenient interface for the RPC methods.
+
+## RPC HTTP Endpoint
+
+**Default port:** 8899 eg. [http://localhost:8899](http://localhost:8899), [http://192.168.1.88:8899](http://192.168.1.88:8899)
+
+## RPC PubSub WebSocket Endpoint
+
+**Default port:** 8900 eg. ws://localhost:8900, [http://192.168.1.88:8900](http://192.168.1.88:8900)
+
+## Methods
+
+* [confirmTransaction](jsonrpc-api.md#confirmtransaction)
+* [getAccountInfo](jsonrpc-api.md#getaccountinfo)
+* [getBalance](jsonrpc-api.md#getbalance)
+* [getClusterNodes](jsonrpc-api.md#getclusternodes)
+* [getEpochInfo](jsonrpc-api.md#getepochinfo)
+* [getGenesisBlockhash](jsonrpc-api.md#getgenesisblockhash)
+* [getLeaderSchedule](jsonrpc-api.md#getleaderschedule)
+* [getProgramAccounts](jsonrpc-api.md#getprogramaccounts)
+* [getRecentBlockhash](jsonrpc-api.md#getrecentblockhash)
+* [getSignatureStatus](jsonrpc-api.md#getsignaturestatus)
+* [getSlot](jsonrpc-api.md#getslot)
+* [getSlotLeader](jsonrpc-api.md#getslotleader)
+* [getSlotsPerSegment](jsonrpc-api.md#getslotspersegment)
+* [getStorageTurn](jsonrpc-api.md#getstorageturn)
+* [getStorageTurnRate](jsonrpc-api.md#getstorageturnrate)
+* [getNumBlocksSinceSignatureConfirmation](jsonrpc-api.md#getnumblockssincesignatureconfirmation)
+* [getTransactionCount](jsonrpc-api.md#gettransactioncount)
+* [getTotalSupply](jsonrpc-api.md#gettotalsupply)
+* [getVersion](jsonrpc-api.md#getversion)
+* [getVoteAccounts](jsonrpc-api.md#getvoteaccounts)
+* [requestAirdrop](jsonrpc-api.md#requestairdrop)
+* [sendTransaction](jsonrpc-api.md#sendtransaction)
+* [startSubscriptionChannel](jsonrpc-api.md#startsubscriptionchannel)
+* [Subscription Websocket](jsonrpc-api.md#subscription-websocket)
+  * [accountSubscribe](jsonrpc-api.md#accountsubscribe)
+  * [accountUnsubscribe](jsonrpc-api.md#accountunsubscribe)
+  * [programSubscribe](jsonrpc-api.md#programsubscribe)
+  * [programUnsubscribe](jsonrpc-api.md#programunsubscribe)
+  * [signatureSubscribe](jsonrpc-api.md#signaturesubscribe)
+  * [signatureUnsubscribe](jsonrpc-api.md#signatureunsubscribe)
+
+## Request Formatting
+
+To make a JSON-RPC request, send an HTTP POST request with a `Content-Type: application/json` header. The JSON request data should contain 4 fields:
+
+* `jsonrpc`, set to `"2.0"`
+* `id`, a unique client-generated identifying integer
+* `method`, a string containing the method to be invoked
+* `params`, a JSON array of ordered parameter values
+
+Example using curl:
+
+```bash
+curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "method":"getBalance", "params":["83astBRguLMdt2h5U1Tpdq5tjFoJ6noeGwaY3mDLVcri"]}' 192.168.1.88:8899
+```
+
+The response output will be a JSON object with the following fields:
+
+* `jsonrpc`, matching the request specification
+* `id`, matching the request identifier
+* `result`, requested data or success confirmation
+
+Requests can be sent in batches by sending an array of JSON-RPC request objects as the data for a single POST.
+
+## Definitions
+
+* Hash: A SHA-256 hash of a chunk of data.
+* Pubkey: The public key of a Ed25519 key-pair.
+* Signature: An Ed25519 signature of a chunk of data.
+* Transaction: A Solana instruction signed by a client key-pair.
+
+## JSON RPC API Reference
+
+### confirmTransaction
+
+Returns a transaction receipt
+
+#### Parameters:
+
+* `string` - Signature of Transaction to confirm, as base-58 encoded string
+
+#### Results:
+
+* `boolean` - Transaction status, true if Transaction is confirmed
+
+#### Example:
+
+```bash
+// Request
+curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "method":"confirmTransaction", "params":["5VERv8NMvzbJMEkV8xnrLkEaWRtSz9CosKDYjCJjBRnbJLgp8uirBgmQpjKhoR4tjF3ZpRzrFmBV6UjKdiSZkQUW"]}' http://localhost:8899
+
+// Result
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":true,"id":1}
+```
+
+### getAccountInfo
+
+Returns all information associated with the account of provided Pubkey
+
+#### Parameters:
+
+* `string` - Pubkey of account to query, as base-58 encoded string
+
+#### Results:
+
+The result field will be a JSON object with the following sub fields:
+
+* `lamports`, number of lamports assigned to this account, as a signed 64-bit integer
+* `owner`, array of 32 bytes representing the program this account has been assigned to
+* `data`, array of bytes representing any data associated with the account
+* `executable`, boolean indicating if the account contains a program \(and is strictly read-only\)
+
+#### Example:
+
+```bash
+// Request
+curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "method":"getAccountInfo", "params":["2gVkYWexTHR5Hb2aLeQN3tnngvWzisFKXDUPrgMHpdST"]}' http://localhost:8899
+
+// Result
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"executable":false,"owner":[1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"lamports":1,"data":[3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,20,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,48,53,48,45,48,49,45,48,49,84,48,48,58,48,48,58,48,48,90,252,10,7,28,246,140,88,177,98,82,10,227,89,81,18,30,194,101,199,16,11,73,133,20,246,62,114,39,20,113,189,32,50,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,247,15,36,102,167,83,225,42,133,127,82,34,36,224,207,130,109,230,224,188,163,33,213,13,5,117,211,251,65,159,197,51,0,0,0,0,0,0]},"id":1}
+```
+
+### getBalance
+
+Returns the balance of the account of provided Pubkey
+
+#### Parameters:
+
+* `string` - Pubkey of account to query, as base-58 encoded string
+
+#### Results:
+
+* `integer` - quantity, as a signed 64-bit integer
+
+#### Example:
+
+```bash
+// Request
+curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "method":"getBalance", "params":["83astBRguLMdt2h5U1Tpdq5tjFoJ6noeGwaY3mDLVcri"]}' http://localhost:8899
+
+// Result
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":0,"id":1}
+```
+
+### getClusterNodes
+
+Returns information about all the nodes participating in the cluster
+
+#### Parameters:
+
+None
+
+#### Results:
+
+The result field will be an array of JSON objects, each with the following sub fields:
+
+* `pubkey` - Node public key, as base-58 encoded string
+* `gossip` - Gossip network address for the node
+* `tpu` - TPU network address for the node
+* `rpc` - JSON RPC network address for the node, or `null` if the JSON RPC service is not enabled
+
+#### Example:
+
+```bash
+// Request
+curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "method":"getClusterNodes"}' http://localhost:8899
+
+// Result
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":[{"gossip":"10.239.6.48:8001","pubkey":"9QzsJf7LPLj8GkXbYT3LFDKqsj2hHG7TA3xinJHu8epQ","rpc":"10.239.6.48:8899","tpu":"10.239.6.48:8856"}],"id":1}
+```
+
+### getEpochInfo
+
+Returns information about the current epoch
+
+#### Parameters:
+
+None
+
+#### Results:
+
+The result field will be an object with the following fields:
+
+* `epoch`, the current epoch
+* `slotIndex`, the current slot relative to the start of the current epoch
+* `slotsInEpoch`, the number of slots in this epoch
+
+#### Example:
+
+```bash
+// Request
+curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1, "method":"getEpochInfo"}' http://localhost:8899
+
+// Result
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"epoch":3,"slotIndex":126,"slotsInEpoch":256},"id":1}
+```
+
+### getGenesisBlockhash
+
+Returns the genesis block hash
+
+#### Parameters:
+
+None
+
+#### Results:
+
+* `string` - a Hash as base-58 encoded string
+
+#### Example:
+
+```bash
+// Request
+curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1, "method":"getGenesisBlockhash"}' http://localhost:8899
+
+// Result
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":"GH7ome3EiwEr7tu9JuTh2dpYWBJK3z69Xm1ZE3MEE6JC","id":1}
+```
+
+### getLeaderSchedule
+
+Returns the leader schedule for the current epoch
+
+#### Parameters:
+
+None
+
+#### Results:
+
+The result field will be an array of leader public keys \(as base-58 encoded strings\) for each slot in the current epoch
+
+#### Example:
+
+```bash
+// Request
+curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1, "method":"getLeaderSchedule"}' http://localhost:8899
+
+// Result
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":[...],"id":1}
+```
+
+### getProgramAccounts
+
+Returns all accounts owned by the provided program Pubkey
+
+#### Parameters:
+
+* `string` - Pubkey of program, as base-58 encoded string
+
+#### Results:
+
+The result field will be an array of arrays. Each sub array will contain:
+
+* `string` - the account Pubkey as base-58 encoded string and a JSON object, with the following sub fields:
+* `lamports`, number of lamports assigned to this account, as a signed 64-bit integer
+* `owner`, array of 32 bytes representing the program this account has been assigned to
+* `data`, array of bytes representing any data associated with the account
+* `executable`, boolean indicating if the account contains a program \(and is strictly read-only\)
+
+#### Example:
+
+```bash
+// Request
+curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "method":"getProgramAccounts", "params":["8nQwAgzN2yyUzrukXsCa3JELBYqDQrqJ3UyHiWazWxHR"]}' http://localhost:8899
+
+// Result
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":[["BqGKYtAKu69ZdWEBtZHh4xgJY1BYa2YBiBReQE3pe383", {"executable":false,"owner":[50,28,250,90,221,24,94,136,147,165,253,136,1,62,196,215,225,34,222,212,99,84,202,223,245,13,149,99,149,231,91,96],"lamports":1,"data":[]], ["4Nd1mBQtrMJVYVfKf2PJy9NZUZdTAsp7D4xWLs4gDB4T", {"executable":false,"owner":[50,28,250,90,221,24,94,136,147,165,253,136,1,62,196,215,225,34,222,212,99,84,202,223,245,13,149,99,149,231,91,96],"lamports":10,"data":[]]]},"id":1}
+```
+
+### getRecentBlockhash
+
+Returns a recent block hash from the ledger, and a fee schedule that can be used to compute the cost of submitting a transaction using it.
+
+#### Parameters:
+
+None
+
+#### Results:
+
+An array consisting of
+
+* `string` - a Hash as base-58 encoded string
+* `FeeCalculator object` - the fee schedule for this block hash
+
+#### Example:
+
+```bash
+// Request
+curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1, "method":"getRecentBlockhash"}' http://localhost:8899
+
+// Result
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":["GH7ome3EiwEr7tu9JuTh2dpYWBJK3z69Xm1ZE3MEE6JC",{"lamportsPerSignature": 0}],"id":1}
+```
+
+### getSignatureStatus
+
+Returns the status of a given signature. This method is similar to [confirmTransaction](jsonrpc-api.md#confirmtransaction) but provides more resolution for error events.
+
+#### Parameters:
+
+* `string` - Signature of Transaction to confirm, as base-58 encoded string
+
+#### Results:
+
+* `null` - Unknown transaction
+* `object` - Transaction status:
+  * `"Ok": null` - Transaction was successful
+  * `"Err": <ERR>` - Transaction failed with TransactionError  [TransactionError definitions](https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/master/sdk/src/transaction.rs#L14)
+
+#### Example:
+
+```bash
+// Request
+curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "method":"getSignatureStatus", "params":["5VERv8NMvzbJMEkV8xnrLkEaWRtSz9CosKDYjCJjBRnbJLgp8uirBgmQpjKhoR4tjF3ZpRzrFmBV6UjKdiSZkQUW"]}' http://localhost:8899
+
+// Result
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":"SignatureNotFound","id":1}
+```
+
+### getSlot
+
+Returns the current slot the node is processing
+
+#### Parameters:
+
+None
+
+#### Results:
+
+* `u64` - Current slot
+
+#### Example:
+
+```bash
+// Request
+curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1, "method":"getSlot"}' http://localhost:8899
+
+// Result
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":"1234","id":1}
+```
+
+### getSlotLeader
+
+Returns the current slot leader
+
+#### Parameters:
+
+None
+
+#### Results:
+
+* `string` - Node Id as base-58 encoded string
+
+#### Example:
+
+```bash
+// Request
+curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1, "method":"getSlotLeader"}' http://localhost:8899
+
+// Result
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":"ENvAW7JScgYq6o4zKZwewtkzzJgDzuJAFxYasvmEQdpS","id":1}
+```
+
+### getSlotsPerSegment
+
+Returns the current storage segment size in terms of slots
+
+#### Parameters:
+
+None
+
+#### Results:
+
+* `u64` - Number of slots in a storage segment
+
+#### Example:
+
+```bash
+// Request
+curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1, "method":"getSlotsPerSegment"}' http://localhost:8899
+// Result
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":"1024","id":1}
+```
+
+### getStorageTurn
+
+Returns the current storage turn's blockhash and slot
+
+#### Parameters:
+
+None
+
+#### Results:
+
+An array consisting of
+
+* `string` - a Hash as base-58 encoded string indicating the blockhash of the turn slot
+* `u64` - the current storage turn slot
+
+#### Example:
+
+```bash
+// Request
+curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1, "method":"getStorageTurn"}' http://localhost:8899
+ // Result
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":["GH7ome3EiwEr7tu9JuTh2dpYWBJK3z69Xm1ZE3MEE6JC", "2048"],"id":1}
+```
+
+### getStorageTurnRate
+
+Returns the current storage turn rate in terms of slots per turn
+
+#### Parameters:
+
+None
+
+#### Results:
+
+* `u64` - Number of slots in storage turn
+
+#### Example:
+
+```bash
+// Request
+curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1, "method":"getStorageTurnRate"}' http://localhost:8899
+ // Result
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":"1024","id":1}
+```
+
+### getNumBlocksSinceSignatureConfirmation
+
+Returns the current number of blocks since signature has been confirmed.
+
+#### Parameters:
+
+* `string` - Signature of Transaction to confirm, as base-58 encoded string
+
+#### Results:
+
+* `integer` - count, as unsigned 64-bit integer
+
+#### Example:
+
+```bash
+// Request
+curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "method":"getNumBlocksSinceSignatureConfirmation", "params":["5VERv8NMvzbJMEkV8xnrLkEaWRtSz9CosKDYjCJjBRnbJLgp8uirBgmQpjKhoR4tjF3ZpRzrFmBV6UjKdiSZkQUW"]}' http://localhost:8899
+
+// Result
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":8,"id":1}
+```
+
+### getTransactionCount
+
+Returns the current Transaction count from the ledger
+
+#### Parameters:
+
+None
+
+#### Results:
+
+* `integer` - count, as unsigned 64-bit integer
+
+#### Example:
+
+```bash
+// Request
+curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1, "method":"getTransactionCount"}' http://localhost:8899
+
+// Result
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":268,"id":1}
+```
+
+### getTotalSupply
+
+Returns the current total supply in Lamports
+
+#### Parameters:
+
+None
+
+#### Results:
+
+* `integer` - Total supply, as unsigned 64-bit integer
+
+#### Example:
+
+```bash
+// Request
+curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1, "method":"getTotalSupply"}' http://localhost:8899
+
+// Result
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":10126,"id":1}
+```
+
+### getVersion
+
+Returns the current solana versions running on the node
+
+#### Parameters:
+
+None
+
+#### Results:
+
+The result field will be a JSON object with the following sub fields:
+
+* `solana-core`, software version of solana-core
+
+#### Example:
+
+```bash
+// Request
+curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1, "method":"getVersion"}' http://localhost:8899
+// Result
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"solana-core": "0.17.2"},"id":1}
+```
+
+### getVoteAccounts
+
+Returns the account info and associated stake for all the voting accounts in the current bank.
+
+#### Parameters:
+
+None
+
+#### Results:
+
+The result field will be a JSON object of `current` and `delinquent` accounts, each containing an array of JSON objects with the following sub fields:
+
+* `votePubkey` - Vote account public key, as base-58 encoded string
+* `nodePubkey` - Node public key, as base-58 encoded string
+* `activatedStake` - the stake, in lamports, delegated to this vote account and active in this epoch
+* `epochVoteAccount` - bool, whether the vote account is staked for this epoch
+* `commission`, an 8-bit integer used as a fraction \(commission/MAX\_U8\) for rewards payout
+* `lastVote` - Most recent slot voted on by this vote account
+
+#### Example:
+
+```bash
+// Request
+curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1, "method":"getVoteAccounts"}' http://localhost:8899
+
+// Result
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":{"current":[{"commission":0,"epochVoteAccount":true,"nodePubkey":"B97CCUW3AEZFGy6uUg6zUdnNYvnVq5VG8PUtb2HayTDD","lastVote":147,"activatedStake":42,"votePubkey":"3ZT31jkAGhUaw8jsy4bTknwBMP8i4Eueh52By4zXcsVw"}],"delinquent":[{"commission":127,"epochVoteAccount":false,"nodePubkey":"6ZPxeQaDo4bkZLRsdNrCzchNQr5LN9QMc9sipXv9Kw8f","lastVote":0,"activatedStake":0,"votePubkey":"CmgCk4aMS7KW1SHX3s9K5tBJ6Yng2LBaC8MFov4wx9sm"}]},"id":1}
+```
+
+### requestAirdrop
+
+Requests an airdrop of lamports to a Pubkey
+
+#### Parameters:
+
+* `string` - Pubkey of account to receive lamports, as base-58 encoded string
+* `integer` - lamports, as a signed 64-bit integer
+
+#### Results:
+
+* `string` - Transaction Signature of airdrop, as base-58 encoded string
+
+#### Example:
+
+```bash
+// Request
+curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1, "method":"requestAirdrop", "params":["83astBRguLMdt2h5U1Tpdq5tjFoJ6noeGwaY3mDLVcri", 50]}' http://localhost:8899
+
+// Result
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":"5VERv8NMvzbJMEkV8xnrLkEaWRtSz9CosKDYjCJjBRnbJLgp8uirBgmQpjKhoR4tjF3ZpRzrFmBV6UjKdiSZkQUW","id":1}
+```
+
+### sendTransaction
+
+Creates new transaction
+
+#### Parameters:
+
+* `array` - array of octets containing a fully-signed Transaction
+
+#### Results:
+
+* `string` - Transaction Signature, as base-58 encoded string
+
+#### Example:
+
+```bash
+// Request
+curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1, "method":"sendTransaction", "params":[[61, 98, 55, 49, 15, 187, 41, 215, 176, 49, 234, 229, 228, 77, 129, 221, 239, 88, 145, 227, 81, 158, 223, 123, 14, 229, 235, 247, 191, 115, 199, 71, 121, 17, 32, 67, 63, 209, 239, 160, 161, 2, 94, 105, 48, 159, 235, 235, 93, 98, 172, 97, 63, 197, 160, 164, 192, 20, 92, 111, 57, 145, 251, 6, 40, 240, 124, 194, 149, 155, 16, 138, 31, 113, 119, 101, 212, 128, 103, 78, 191, 80, 182, 234, 216, 21, 121, 243, 35, 100, 122, 68, 47, 57, 13, 39, 0, 0, 0, 0, 50, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 50, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 40, 240, 124, 194, 149, 155, 16, 138, 31, 113, 119, 101, 212, 128, 103, 78, 191, 80, 182, 234, 216, 21, 121, 243, 35, 100, 122, 68, 47, 57, 11, 12, 106, 49, 74, 226, 201, 16, 161, 192, 28, 84, 124, 97, 190, 201, 171, 186, 6, 18, 70, 142, 89, 185, 176, 154, 115, 61, 26, 163, 77, 1, 88, 98, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]]}' http://localhost:8899
+
+// Result
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","result":"2EBVM6cB8vAAD93Ktr6Vd8p67XPbQzCJX47MpReuiCXJAtcjaxpvWpcg9Ege1Nr5Tk3a2GFrByT7WPBjdsTycY9b","id":1}
+```
+
+### Subscription Websocket
+
+After connect to the RPC PubSub websocket at `ws://<ADDRESS>/`:
+
+* Submit subscription requests to the websocket using the methods below
+* Multiple subscriptions may be active at once
+* All subscriptions take an optional `confirmations` parameter, which defines
+
+  how many confirmed blocks the node should wait before sending a notification.
+
+  The greater the number, the more likely the notification is to represent
+
+  consensus across the cluster, and the less likely it is to be affected by
+
+  forking or rollbacks. If unspecified, the default value is 0; the node will
+
+  send a notification as soon as it witnesses the event. The maximum
+
+  `confirmations` wait length is the cluster's `MAX_LOCKOUT_HISTORY`, which
+
+  represents the economic finality of the chain.
+
+### accountSubscribe
+
+Subscribe to an account to receive notifications when the lamports or data for a given account public key changes
+
+#### Parameters:
+
+* `string` - account Pubkey, as base-58 encoded string
+* `integer` - optional, number of confirmed blocks to wait before notification.
+
+  Default: 0, Max: `MAX_LOCKOUT_HISTORY` \(greater integers rounded down\)
+
+#### Results:
+
+* `integer` - Subscription id \(needed to unsubscribe\)
+
+#### Example:
+
+```bash
+// Request
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "method":"accountSubscribe", "params":["CM78CPUeXjn8o3yroDHxUtKsZZgoy4GPkPPXfouKNH12"]}
+
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "method":"accountSubscribe", "params":["CM78CPUeXjn8o3yroDHxUtKsZZgoy4GPkPPXfouKNH12", 15]}
+
+// Result
+{"jsonrpc": "2.0","result": 0,"id": 1}
+```
+
+#### Notification Format:
+
+```bash
+{"jsonrpc": "2.0","method": "accountNotification", "params": {"result": {"executable":false,"owner":[1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"lamports":1,"data":[3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,20,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,48,53,48,45,48,49,45,48,49,84,48,48,58,48,48,58,48,48,90,252,10,7,28,246,140,88,177,98,82,10,227,89,81,18,30,194,101,199,16,11,73,133,20,246,62,114,39,20,113,189,32,50,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,247,15,36,102,167,83,225,42,133,127,82,34,36,224,207,130,109,230,224,188,163,33,213,13,5,117,211,251,65,159,197,51,0,0,0,0,0,0]},"subscription":0}}
+```
+
+### accountUnsubscribe
+
+Unsubscribe from account change notifications
+
+#### Parameters:
+
+* `integer` - id of account Subscription to cancel
+
+#### Results:
+
+* `bool` - unsubscribe success message
+
+#### Example:
+
+```bash
+// Request
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "method":"accountUnsubscribe", "params":[0]}
+
+// Result
+{"jsonrpc": "2.0","result": true,"id": 1}
+```
+
+### programSubscribe
+
+Subscribe to a program to receive notifications when the lamports or data for a given account owned by the program changes
+
+#### Parameters:
+
+* `string` - program\_id Pubkey, as base-58 encoded string
+* `integer` - optional, number of confirmed blocks to wait before notification.
+
+  Default: 0, Max: `MAX_LOCKOUT_HISTORY` \(greater integers rounded down\)
+
+#### Results:
+
+* `integer` - Subscription id \(needed to unsubscribe\)
+
+#### Example:
+
+```bash
+// Request
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "method":"programSubscribe", "params":["9gZbPtbtHrs6hEWgd6MbVY9VPFtS5Z8xKtnYwA2NynHV"]}
+
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "method":"programSubscribe", "params":["9gZbPtbtHrs6hEWgd6MbVY9VPFtS5Z8xKtnYwA2NynHV", 15]}
+
+// Result
+{"jsonrpc": "2.0","result": 0,"id": 1}
+```
+
+#### Notification Format:
+
+* `string` - account Pubkey, as base-58 encoded string
+* `object` - account info JSON object \(see [getAccountInfo](jsonrpc-api.md#getaccountinfo) for field details\)
+
+  ```bash
+  {"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"programNotification","params":{{"result":["8Rshv2oMkPu5E4opXTRyuyBeZBqQ4S477VG26wUTFxUM",{"executable":false,"lamports":1,"owner":[129,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"data":[1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,20,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,50,48,49,56,45,49,50,45,50,52,84,50,51,58,53,57,58,48,48,90,235,233,39,152,15,44,117,176,41,89,100,86,45,61,2,44,251,46,212,37,35,118,163,189,247,84,27,235,178,62,55,89,0,0,0,0,50,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,235,233,39,152,15,44,117,176,41,89,100,86,45,61,2,44,251,46,212,37,35,118,163,189,247,84,27,235,178,62,45,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0]}],"subscription":0}}
+  ```
+
+### programUnsubscribe
+
+Unsubscribe from program-owned account change notifications
+
+#### Parameters:
+
+* `integer` - id of account Subscription to cancel
+
+#### Results:
+
+* `bool` - unsubscribe success message
+
+#### Example:
+
+```bash
+// Request
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "method":"programUnsubscribe", "params":[0]}
+
+// Result
+{"jsonrpc": "2.0","result": true,"id": 1}
+```
+
+### signatureSubscribe
+
+Subscribe to a transaction signature to receive notification when the transaction is confirmed On `signatureNotification`, the subscription is automatically cancelled
+
+#### Parameters:
+
+* `string` - Transaction Signature, as base-58 encoded string
+* `integer` - optional, number of confirmed blocks to wait before notification.
+
+  Default: 0, Max: `MAX_LOCKOUT_HISTORY` \(greater integers rounded down\)
+
+#### Results:
+
+* `integer` - subscription id \(needed to unsubscribe\)
+
+#### Example:
+
+```bash
+// Request
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "method":"signatureSubscribe", "params":["2EBVM6cB8vAAD93Ktr6Vd8p67XPbQzCJX47MpReuiCXJAtcjaxpvWpcg9Ege1Nr5Tk3a2GFrByT7WPBjdsTycY9b"]}
+
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "method":"signatureSubscribe", "params":["2EBVM6cB8vAAD93Ktr6Vd8p67XPbQzCJX47MpReuiCXJAtcjaxpvWpcg9Ege1Nr5Tk3a2GFrByT7WPBjdsTycY9b", 15]}
+
+// Result
+{"jsonrpc": "2.0","result": 0,"id": 1}
+```
+
+#### Notification Format:
+
+```bash
+{"jsonrpc": "2.0","method": "signatureNotification", "params": {"result": "Confirmed","subscription":0}}
+```
+
+### signatureUnsubscribe
+
+Unsubscribe from signature confirmation notification
+
+#### Parameters:
+
+* `integer` - subscription id to cancel
+
+#### Results:
+
+* `bool` - unsubscribe success message
+
+#### Example:
+
+```bash
+// Request
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0", "id":1, "method":"signatureUnsubscribe", "params":[0]}
+
+// Result
+{"jsonrpc": "2.0","result": true,"id": 1}
+```
+

book/src/api-reference/transaction-api.md

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+# Transaction
+
+## Components of a `Transaction`
+
+* **Transaction:**
+  * **message:** Defines the transaction
+    * **header:** Details the account types of and signatures required by
+
+      the transaction
+
+      * **num\_required\_signatures:** The total number of signatures
+
+        required to make the transaction valid.
+
+      * **num\_credit\_only\_signed\_accounts:** The last
+
+        `num_credit_only_signed_accounts` signatures refer to signing
+
+        credit only accounts. Credit only accounts can be used concurrently
+
+        by multiple parallel transactions, but their balance may only be
+
+        increased, and their account data is read-only.
+
+      * **num\_credit\_only\_unsigned\_accounts:** The last
+
+        `num_credit_only_unsigned_accounts` pubkeys in `account_keys` refer
+
+        to non-signing credit only accounts
+
+    * **account\_keys:** List of pubkeys used by the transaction, including
+
+      by the instructions and for signatures. The first
+
+      `num_required_signatures` pubkeys must sign the transaction.
+
+    * **recent\_blockhash:** The ID of a recent ledger entry. Validators will
+
+      reject transactions with a `recent_blockhash` that is too old.
+
+    * **instructions:** A list of [instructions](https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/tree/6b18db969dd1616eff07de35e7b823c75339fea8/book/src/instruction.md) that are
+
+      run sequentially and committed in one atomic transaction if all
+
+      succeed.
+  * **signatures:** A list of signatures applied to the transaction. The
+
+    list is always of length `num_required_signatures`, and the signature
+
+    at index `i` corresponds to the pubkey at index `i` in `account_keys`.
+
+    The list is initialized with empty signatures \(i.e. zeros\), and
+
+    populated as signatures are added.
+
+## Transaction Signing
+
+A `Transaction` is signed by using an ed25519 keypair to sign the serialization of the `message`. The resulting signature is placed at the index of `signatures` matching the index of the keypair's pubkey in `account_keys`.
+
+## Transaction Serialization
+
+`Transaction`s \(and their `message`s\) are serialized and deserialized using the [bincode](https://crates.io/crates/bincode) crate with a non-standard vector serialization that uses only one byte for the length if it can be encoded in 7 bits, 2 bytes if it fits in 14 bits, or 3 bytes if it requires 15 or 16 bits. The vector serialization is defined by Solana's [short-vec](https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/blob/master/sdk/src/short_vec.rs).
+

book/src/block-confirmation.md

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ A validator votes on a PoH hash for two purposes. First, the vote indicates it
 believes the ledger is valid up until that point in time. Second, since many
 valid forks may exist at a given height, the vote also indicates exclusive
 support for the fork. This document describes only the former. The latter is
-described in [Tower BFT](../implemented-proposals/tower-bft.md).
+described in [Tower BFT](tower-bft.md).
 
 ## Current Design
 
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ height of the block it is voting on. The account stores the 32 highest heights.
 * Only the validator knows how to find its own votes directly.
 
   Other components, such as the one that calculates confirmation time, needs to
-  be baked into the validator code. The validator code queries the bank for all
+  be baked into the fullnode code. The fullnode code queries the bank for all
   accounts owned by the vote program.
 
 * Voting ballots do not contain a PoH hash. The validator is only voting that
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ log the time since the NewBlock transaction was submitted.
 
 ### Finality and Payouts
 
-[Tower BFT](../implemented-proposals/tower-bft.md) is the proposed fork selection algorithm.  It proposes
+[Tower BFT](tower-bft.md) is the proposed fork selection algorithm.  It proposes
 that payment to miners be postponed until the *stack* of validator votes reaches
 a certain depth, at which point rollback is not economically feasible. The vote
 program may therefore implement Tower BFT. Vote instructions would need to

book/src/blockstreamer.md

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+# Blockstreamer
+
+Solana supports a node type called an *blockstreamer*. This fullnode variation
+is intended for applications that need to observe the data plane without
+participating in transaction validation or ledger replication.
+
+A blockstreamer runs without a vote signer, and can optionally stream ledger
+entries out to a Unix domain socket as they are processed. The JSON-RPC service
+still functions as on any other node.
+
+To run a blockstreamer, include the argument `no-signer` and (optional)
+`blockstream` socket location:
+
+```bash
+$ ./multinode-demo/validator-x.sh --no-signer --blockstream <SOCKET>
+```
+
+The stream will output a series of JSON objects:
+- An Entry event JSON object is sent when each ledger entry is processed, with
+the following fields:
+
+   * `dt`, the system datetime, as RFC3339-formatted string
+   * `t`, the event type, always "entry"
+   * `s`, the slot height, as unsigned 64-bit integer
+   * `h`, the tick height, as unsigned 64-bit integer
+   * `entry`, the entry, as JSON object
+
+
+- A Block event JSON object is sent when a block is complete, with the
+following fields:
+
+   * `dt`, the system datetime, as RFC3339-formatted string
+   * `t`, the event type, always "block"
+   * `s`, the slot height, as unsigned 64-bit integer
+   * `h`, the tick height, as unsigned 64-bit integer
+   * `l`, the slot leader id, as base-58 encoded string
+   * `id`, the block id, as base-58 encoded string

book/src/blocktree.md

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+# Blocktree
+
+After a block reaches finality, all blocks from that one on down
+to the genesis block form a linear chain with the familiar name
+blockchain. Until that point, however, the validator must maintain all
+potentially valid chains, called *forks*. The process by which forks
+naturally form as a result of leader rotation is described in
+[fork generation](fork-generation.md). The *blocktree* data structure
+described here is how a validator copes with those forks until blocks
+are finalized.
+
+The blocktree allows a validator to record every shred it observes
+on the network, in any order, as long as the shred is signed by the expected
+leader for a given slot.
+
+Shreds are moved to a fork-able key space the tuple of `leader slot` + `shred
+index` (within the slot).  This permits the skip-list structure of the Solana
+protocol to be stored in its entirety, without a-priori choosing which fork to
+follow, which Entries to persist or when to persist them.
+
+Repair requests for recent shreds are served out of RAM or recent files and out
+of deeper storage for less recent shreds, as implemented by the store backing
+Blocktree.
+
+### Functionalities of Blocktree
+
+1. Persistence: the Blocktree lives in the front of the nodes verification
+   pipeline, right behind network receive and signature verification.  If the
+shred received is consistent with the leader schedule (i.e. was signed by the
+leader for the indicated slot), it is immediately stored.
+2. Repair: repair is the same as window repair above, but able to serve any
+   shred that's been received. Blocktree stores shreds with signatures,
+preserving the chain of origination.
+3. Forks: Blocktree supports random access of shreds, so can support a
+   validator's need to rollback and replay from a Bank checkpoint.
+4. Restart: with proper pruning/culling, the Blocktree can be replayed by
+   ordered enumeration of entries from slot 0.  The logic of the replay stage
+(i.e. dealing with forks) will have to be used for the most recent entries in
+the Blocktree.
+
+### Blocktree Design
+
+1. Entries in the Blocktree are stored as key-value pairs, where the key is the concatenated
+slot index and shred index for an entry, and the value is the entry data. Note shred indexes are zero-based for each slot (i.e. they're slot-relative).
+
+2. The Blocktree maintains metadata for each slot, in the `SlotMeta` struct containing:
+      * `slot_index` - The index of this slot
+      * `num_blocks` - The number of blocks in the slot (used for chaining to a previous slot)
+      * `consumed` - The highest shred index `n`, such that for all `m < n`, there exists a shred in this slot with shred index equal to `n` (i.e. the highest consecutive shred index).
+      * `received` - The highest received shred index for the slot
+      * `next_slots` - A list of future slots this slot could chain to. Used when rebuilding
+      the ledger to find possible fork points.
+      * `last_index` - The index of the shred that is flagged as the last shred for this slot. This flag on a shred will be set by the leader for a slot when they are transmitting the last shred for a slot.
+      * `is_rooted` - True iff every block from 0...slot forms a full sequence without any holes. We can derive is_rooted for each slot with the following rules. Let slot(n) be the slot with index `n`, and slot(n).is_full() is true if the slot with index `n` has all the ticks expected for that slot. Let is_rooted(n) be the statement that "the slot(n).is_rooted is true". Then:
+
+      is_rooted(0)
+      is_rooted(n+1) iff (is_rooted(n) and slot(n).is_full()
+
+3. Chaining - When a shred for a new slot `x` arrives, we check the number of blocks (`num_blocks`) for that new slot (this information is encoded in the shred). We then know that this new slot chains to slot `x - num_blocks`.
+
+4. Subscriptions - The Blocktree records a set of slots that have been "subscribed" to. This means entries that chain to these slots will be sent on the Blocktree channel for consumption by the ReplayStage. See the `Blocktree APIs` for details.
+
+5. Update notifications - The Blocktree notifies listeners when slot(n).is_rooted is flipped from false to true for any `n`.
+
+### Blocktree APIs
+
+The Blocktree offers a subscription based API that ReplayStage uses to ask for entries it's interested in. The entries will be sent on a channel exposed by the Blocktree. These subscription API's are as follows:
+   1. `fn get_slots_since(slot_indexes: &[u64]) -> Vec<SlotMeta>`: Returns new slots connecting to any element of the list `slot_indexes`.
+
+   2. `fn get_slot_entries(slot_index: u64, entry_start_index: usize, max_entries: Option<u64>) -> Vec<Entry>`: Returns the entry vector for the slot starting with `entry_start_index`, capping the result at `max` if `max_entries == Some(max)`, otherwise, no upper limit on the length of the return vector is imposed.
+
+Note: Cumulatively, this means that the replay stage will now have to know when a slot is finished, and subscribe to the next slot it's interested in to get the next set of entries. Previously, the burden of chaining slots fell on the Blocktree.
+
+### Interfacing with Bank
+
+The bank exposes to replay stage:
+
+ 1. `prev_hash`: which PoH chain it's working on as indicated by the hash of the last
+    entry it processed
+ 2. `tick_height`: the ticks in the PoH chain currently being verified by this
+    bank
+ 3. `votes`: a stack of records that contain:
+
+    1. `prev_hashes`: what anything after this vote must chain to in PoH
+    2. `tick_height`: the tick height at which this vote was cast
+    3. `lockout period`: how long a chain must be observed to be in the ledger to
+       be able to be chained below this vote
+
+Replay stage uses Blocktree APIs to find the longest chain of entries it can
+hang off a previous vote.  If that chain of entries does not hang off the
+latest vote, the replay stage rolls back the bank to that vote and replays the
+chain from there.
+
+### Pruning Blocktree
+
+Once Blocktree entries are old enough, representing all the possible forks
+becomes less useful, perhaps even problematic for replay upon restart.  Once a
+validator's votes have reached max lockout, however, any Blocktree contents
+that are not on the PoH chain for that vote for can be pruned, expunged.
+
+Replicator nodes will be responsible for storing really old ledger contents,
+and validators need only persist their bank periodically.

book/src/cli.md

@@ -0,0 +1,865 @@
+## solana CLI
+
+The [solana-cli crate](https://crates.io/crates/solana-cli) provides a command-line interface tool for Solana
+
+### Examples
+
+#### Get Pubkey
+
+```sh
+// Command
+$ solana address
+
+// Return
+<PUBKEY>
+```
+
+#### Airdrop SOL/Lamports
+
+```sh
+// Command
+$ solana airdrop 2
+
+// Return
+"2.00000000 SOL"
+
+// Command
+$ solana airdrop 123 --lamports
+
+// Return
+"123 lamports"
+```
+
+#### Get Balance
+
+```sh
+// Command
+$ solana balance
+
+// Return
+"3.00050001 SOL"
+```
+
+#### Confirm Transaction
+
+```sh
+// Command
+$ solana confirm <TX_SIGNATURE>
+
+// Return
+"Confirmed" / "Not found" / "Transaction failed with error <ERR>"
+```
+
+#### Deploy program
+
+```sh
+// Command
+$ solana deploy <PATH>
+
+// Return
+<PROGRAM_ID>
+```
+
+#### Unconditional Immediate Transfer
+
+```sh
+// Command
+$ solana pay <PUBKEY> 123
+
+// Return
+<TX_SIGNATURE>
+```
+
+#### Post-Dated Transfer
+
+```sh
+// Command
+$ solana pay <PUBKEY> 123 \
+    --after 2018-12-24T23:59:00 --require-timestamp-from <PUBKEY>
+
+// Return
+{signature: <TX_SIGNATURE>, processId: <PROCESS_ID>}
+```
+*`require-timestamp-from` is optional. If not provided, the transaction will expect a timestamp signed by this wallet's private key*
+
+#### Authorized Transfer
+
+A third party must send a signature to unlock the lamports.
+```sh
+// Command
+$ solana pay <PUBKEY> 123 \
+    --require-signature-from <PUBKEY>
+
+// Return
+{signature: <TX_SIGNATURE>, processId: <PROCESS_ID>}
+```
+
+#### Post-Dated and Authorized Transfer
+
+```sh
+// Command
+$ solana pay <PUBKEY> 123 \
+    --after 2018-12-24T23:59 --require-timestamp-from <PUBKEY> \
+    --require-signature-from <PUBKEY>
+
+// Return
+{signature: <TX_SIGNATURE>, processId: <PROCESS_ID>}
+```
+
+#### Multiple Witnesses
+
+```sh
+// Command
+$ solana pay <PUBKEY> 123 \
+    --require-signature-from <PUBKEY> \
+    --require-signature-from <PUBKEY>
+
+// Return
+{signature: <TX_SIGNATURE>, processId: <PROCESS_ID>}
+```
+
+#### Cancelable Transfer
+
+```sh
+// Command
+$ solana pay <PUBKEY> 123 \
+    --require-signature-from <PUBKEY> \
+    --cancelable
+
+// Return
+{signature: <TX_SIGNATURE>, processId: <PROCESS_ID>}
+```
+
+#### Cancel Transfer
+
+```sh
+// Command
+$ solana cancel <PROCESS_ID>
+
+// Return
+<TX_SIGNATURE>
+```
+
+#### Send Signature
+
+```sh
+// Command
+$ solana send-signature <PUBKEY> <PROCESS_ID>
+
+// Return
+<TX_SIGNATURE>
+```
+
+#### Indicate Elapsed Time
+
+Use the current system time:
+```sh
+// Command
+$ solana send-timestamp <PUBKEY> <PROCESS_ID>
+
+// Return
+<TX_SIGNATURE>
+```
+
+Or specify some other arbitrary timestamp:
+
+```sh
+// Command
+$ solana send-timestamp <PUBKEY> <PROCESS_ID> --date 2018-12-24T23:59:00
+
+// Return
+<TX_SIGNATURE>
+```
+
+### Usage
+
+```manpage
+solana 0.12.0
+
+USAGE:
+    solana [FLAGS] [OPTIONS] [SUBCOMMAND]
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -C, --config <PATH>     Configuration file to use [default: ~/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml]
+    -u, --url <URL>         JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>    /path/to/id.json
+
+SUBCOMMANDS:
+    address                               Get your public key
+    airdrop                               Request lamports
+    authorize-voter                       Authorize a new vote signing keypair for the given vote account
+    balance                               Get your balance
+    cancel                                Cancel a transfer
+    claim-storage-reward                  Redeem storage reward credits
+    cluster-version                       Get the version of the cluster entrypoint
+    confirm                               Confirm transaction by signature
+    create-replicator-storage-account     Create a replicator storage account
+    create-storage-mining-pool-account    Create mining pool account
+    create-validator-storage-account      Create a validator storage account
+    create-vote-account                   Create a vote account
+    deactivate-stake                      Deactivate the delegated stake from the stake account
+    delegate-stake                        Delegate stake to a vote account
+    deploy                                Deploy a program
+    fees                                  Display current cluster fees
+    get                                   Get wallet config settings
+    get-slot                              Get current slot
+    get-transaction-count                 Get current transaction count
+    help                                  Prints this message or the help of the given subcommand(s)
+    pay                                   Send a payment
+    ping                                  Submit transactions sequentially
+    redeem-vote-credits                   Redeem credits in the stake account
+    send-signature                        Send a signature to authorize a transfer
+    send-timestamp                        Send a timestamp to unlock a transfer
+    set                                   Set a wallet config setting
+    show-account                          Show the contents of an account
+    show-stake-account                    Show the contents of a stake account
+    show-storage-account                  Show the contents of a storage account
+    show-vote-account                     Show the contents of a vote account
+    validator-info                        Publish/get Validator info on Solana
+    withdraw-stake                        Withdraw the unstaked lamports from the stake account
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-address
+Get your public key
+
+USAGE:
+    solana address [OPTIONS]
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -C, --config <PATH>     Configuration file to use [default: ~/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml]
+    -u, --url <URL>         JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>    /path/to/id.json
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-airdrop
+Request a batch of lamports
+
+USAGE:
+    solana airdrop [OPTIONS] <AMOUNT> [unit]
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -C, --config <PATH>        Configuration file to use [default: /Users/tyeraeulberg/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml]
+        --drone-host <HOST>    Drone host to use [default: the --url host]
+        --drone-port <PORT>    Drone port to use [default: 9900]
+    -u, --url <URL>            JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>       /path/to/id.json
+
+ARGS:
+    <AMOUNT>    The airdrop amount to request (default unit SOL)
+    <unit>      Specify unit to use for request and balance display [possible values: SOL, lamports]
+
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-authorize-voter
+Authorize a new vote signing keypair for the given vote account
+
+USAGE:
+    solana authorize-voter [OPTIONS] <VOTE ACCOUNT PUBKEY> <CURRENT VOTER KEYPAIR FILE> <NEW VOTER PUBKEY>
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -C, --config <PATH>     Configuration file to use [default: ~/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml]
+    -u, --url <URL>         JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>    /path/to/id.json
+
+ARGS:
+    <VOTE ACCOUNT PUBKEY>           Vote account in which to set the authorized voter
+    <CURRENT VOTER KEYPAIR FILE>    Keypair file for the currently authorized vote signer
+    <NEW VOTER PUBKEY>              New vote signer to authorize
+
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-balance
+Get your balance
+
+USAGE:
+    solana balance [FLAGS] [OPTIONS] [PUBKEY]
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help        Prints help information
+        --lamports    Display balance in lamports instead of SOL
+    -V, --version     Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -C, --config <PATH>     Configuration file to use [default: ~/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml]
+    -u, --url <URL>         JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>    /path/to/id.json
+
+ARGS:
+    <PUBKEY>    The public key of the balance to check
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-cancel
+Cancel a transfer
+
+USAGE:
+    solana cancel [OPTIONS] <PROCESS ID>
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -C, --config <PATH>     Configuration file to use [default: ~/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml]
+    -u, --url <URL>         JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>    /path/to/id.json
+
+ARGS:
+    <PROCESS ID>    The process id of the transfer to cancel
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-claim-storage-reward
+Redeem storage reward credits
+
+USAGE:
+    solana claim-storage-reward [OPTIONS] <NODE PUBKEY> <STORAGE ACCOUNT PUBKEY>
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -C, --config <PATH>     Configuration file to use [default: ~/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml]
+    -u, --url <URL>         JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>    /path/to/id.json
+
+ARGS:
+    <NODE PUBKEY>               The node account to credit the rewards to
+    <STORAGE ACCOUNT PUBKEY>    Storage account address to redeem credits for
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-cluster-version
+Get the version of the cluster entrypoint
+
+USAGE:
+    solana cluster-version [OPTIONS]
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -C, --config <PATH>     Configuration file to use [default: ~/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml]
+    -u, --url <URL>         JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>    /path/to/id.json
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-confirm
+Confirm transaction by signature
+
+USAGE:
+    solana confirm [OPTIONS] <SIGNATURE>
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -C, --config <PATH>     Configuration file to use [default: ~/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml]
+    -u, --url <URL>         JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>    /path/to/id.json
+
+ARGS:
+    <SIGNATURE>    The transaction signature to confirm
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-create-replicator-storage-account
+Create a replicator storage account
+
+USAGE:
+    solana create-replicator-storage-account [OPTIONS] <STORAGE ACCOUNT OWNER PUBKEY> <STORAGE ACCOUNT PUBKEY>
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -C, --config <PATH>     Configuration file to use [default: ~/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml]
+    -u, --url <URL>         JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>    /path/to/id.json
+
+ARGS:
+    <STORAGE ACCOUNT OWNER PUBKEY>
+    <STORAGE ACCOUNT PUBKEY>
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-create-storage-mining-pool-account
+Create mining pool account
+
+USAGE:
+    solana create-storage-mining-pool-account [OPTIONS] <STORAGE ACCOUNT PUBKEY> <AMOUNT> [unit]
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -C, --config <PATH>     Configuration file to use [default: /Users/tyeraeulberg/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml]
+    -u, --url <URL>         JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>    /path/to/id.json
+
+ARGS:
+    <STORAGE ACCOUNT PUBKEY>    Storage mining pool account address to fund
+    <AMOUNT>                    The amount to assign to the storage mining pool account (default unit SOL)
+    <unit>                      Specify unit to use for request [possible values: SOL, lamports]
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-create-validator-storage-account
+Create a validator storage account
+
+USAGE:
+    solana create-validator-storage-account [OPTIONS] <STORAGE ACCOUNT OWNER PUBKEY> <STORAGE ACCOUNT PUBKEY>
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -C, --config <PATH>     Configuration file to use [default: ~/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml]
+    -u, --url <URL>         JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>    /path/to/id.json
+
+ARGS:
+    <STORAGE ACCOUNT OWNER PUBKEY>
+    <STORAGE ACCOUNT PUBKEY>
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-create-vote-account
+Create a vote account
+
+USAGE:
+    solana create-vote-account [OPTIONS] <VOTE ACCOUNT PUBKEY> <VALIDATOR PUBKEY> <LAMPORTS>
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+        --commission <NUM>    The commission taken on reward redemption (0-255), default: 0
+    -C, --config <PATH>       Configuration file to use [default: ~/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml]
+    -u, --url <URL>           JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>      /path/to/id.json
+
+ARGS:
+    <VOTE ACCOUNT PUBKEY>    Vote account address to fund
+    <VALIDATOR PUBKEY>       Validator that will vote with this account
+    <LAMPORTS>               The amount of lamports to send to the vote account
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-deactivate-stake
+Deactivate the delegated stake from the stake account
+
+USAGE:
+    solana deactivate-stake [OPTIONS] <STAKE ACCOUNT KEYPAIR FILE> <PUBKEY>
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -C, --config <PATH>     Configuration file to use [default: ~/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml]
+    -u, --url <URL>         JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>    /path/to/id.json
+
+ARGS:
+    <STAKE ACCOUNT KEYPAIR FILE>    Keypair file for the stake account, for signing the delegate transaction.
+    <PUBKEY>                        The vote account to which the stake is currently delegated
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-delegate-stake
+Delegate stake to a vote account
+
+USAGE:
+    solana delegate-stake [OPTIONS] <STAKE ACCOUNT KEYPAIR FILE> <VOTE ACCOUNT PUBKEY> <AMOUNT> [unit]
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -C, --config <PATH>     Configuration file to use [default: /Users/tyeraeulberg/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml]
+    -u, --url <URL>         JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>    /path/to/id.json
+
+ARGS:
+    <STAKE ACCOUNT KEYPAIR FILE>    Keypair file for the new stake account
+    <VOTE ACCOUNT PUBKEY>           The vote account to which the stake will be delegated
+    <AMOUNT>                        The amount to delegate (default unit SOL)
+    <unit>                          Specify unit to use for request [possible values: SOL, lamports]
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-deploy
+Deploy a program
+
+USAGE:
+    solana deploy [OPTIONS] <PATH TO PROGRAM>
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -C, --config <PATH>     Configuration file to use [default: ~/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml]
+    -u, --url <URL>         JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>    /path/to/id.json
+
+ARGS:
+    <PATH TO PROGRAM>    /path/to/program.o
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-fees
+Display current cluster fees
+
+USAGE:
+    solana fees [OPTIONS]
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -C, --config <PATH>     Configuration file to use [default: ~/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml]
+    -u, --url <URL>         JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>    /path/to/id.json
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-get
+Get wallet config settings
+
+USAGE:
+    solana get [OPTIONS] [CONFIG_FIELD]
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -C, --config <PATH>     Configuration file to use [default: ~/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml]
+    -u, --url <URL>         JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>    /path/to/id.json
+
+ARGS:
+    <CONFIG_FIELD>    Return a specific config setting [possible values: url, keypair]
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-get-slot
+Get current slot
+
+USAGE:
+    solana get-slot [OPTIONS]
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -C, --config <PATH>     Configuration file to use [default: ~/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml]
+    -u, --url <URL>         JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>    /path/to/id.json
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-get-transaction-count
+Get current transaction count
+
+USAGE:
+    solana get-transaction-count [OPTIONS]
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -C, --config <PATH>     Configuration file to use [default: ~/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml]
+    -u, --url <URL>         JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>    /path/to/id.json
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-pay
+Send a payment
+
+USAGE:
+    solana pay [FLAGS] [OPTIONS] <PUBKEY> <AMOUNT> [--] [unit]
+
+FLAGS:
+        --cancelable
+    -h, --help          Prints help information
+    -V, --version       Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -C, --config <PATH>                         Configuration file to use [default:
+                                                /Users/tyeraeulberg/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml]
+    -u, --url <URL>                             JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>                        /path/to/id.json
+        --after <DATETIME>                      A timestamp after which transaction will execute
+        --require-timestamp-from <PUBKEY>       Require timestamp from this third party
+        --require-signature-from <PUBKEY>...    Any third party signatures required to unlock the lamports
+
+ARGS:
+    <PUBKEY>    The public key of recipient
+    <AMOUNT>    The amount to send (default unit SOL)
+    <unit>      Specify unit to use for request [possible values: SOL, lamports]
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-ping
+Submit transactions sequentially
+
+USAGE:
+    solana ping [OPTIONS]
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -C, --config <PATH>         Configuration file to use [default:
+                                ~/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml]
+    -c, --count <NUMBER>        Stop after submitting count transactions
+    -i, --interval <SECONDS>    Wait interval seconds between submitting the next transaction [default: 2]
+    -u, --url <URL>             JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>        /path/to/id.json
+    -t, --timeout <SECONDS>     Wait up to timeout seconds for transaction confirmation [default: 10]
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-redeem-vote-credits
+Redeem credits in the stake account
+
+USAGE:
+    solana redeem-vote-credits [OPTIONS] <STAKING ACCOUNT PUBKEY> <VOTE ACCOUNT PUBKEY>
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -C, --config <PATH>     Configuration file to use [default: ~/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml]
+    -u, --url <URL>         JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>    /path/to/id.json
+
+ARGS:
+    <STAKING ACCOUNT PUBKEY>    Staking account address to redeem credits for
+    <VOTE ACCOUNT PUBKEY>       The vote account to which the stake was previously delegated.
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-send-signature
+Send a signature to authorize a transfer
+
+USAGE:
+    solana send-signature [OPTIONS] <PUBKEY> <PROCESS ID>
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -C, --config <PATH>     Configuration file to use [default: ~/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml]
+    -u, --url <URL>         JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>    /path/to/id.json
+
+ARGS:
+    <PUBKEY>        The public key of recipient
+    <PROCESS ID>    The process id of the transfer to authorize
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-send-timestamp
+Send a timestamp to unlock a transfer
+
+USAGE:
+    solana send-timestamp [OPTIONS] <PUBKEY> <PROCESS ID>
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -C, --config <PATH>      Configuration file to use [default: ~/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml]
+        --date <DATETIME>    Optional arbitrary timestamp to apply
+    -u, --url <URL>          JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>     /path/to/id.json
+
+ARGS:
+    <PUBKEY>        The public key of recipient
+    <PROCESS ID>    The process id of the transfer to unlock
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-set
+Set a wallet config setting
+
+USAGE:
+    solana set [OPTIONS] <--url <URL>|--keypair <PATH>>
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -C, --config <PATH>     Configuration file to use [default: ~/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml]
+    -u, --url <URL>         JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>    /path/to/id.json
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-show-account
+Show the contents of an account
+
+USAGE:
+    solana show-account [FLAGS] [OPTIONS] <ACCOUNT PUBKEY>
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help        Prints help information
+        --lamports    Display balance in lamports instead of SOL
+    -V, --version     Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -C, --config <PATH>     Configuration file to use [default: ~/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml]
+    -u, --url <URL>         JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>    /path/to/id.json
+    -o, --output <FILE>     Write the account data to this file
+
+ARGS:
+    <ACCOUNT PUBKEY>    Account public key
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-show-stake-account
+Show the contents of a stake account
+
+USAGE:
+    solana show-stake-account [OPTIONS] <STAKE ACCOUNT PUBKEY>
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -C, --config <PATH>     Configuration file to use [default: ~/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml]
+    -u, --url <URL>         JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>    /path/to/id.json
+
+ARGS:
+    <STAKE ACCOUNT PUBKEY>    Stake account public key
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-show-storage-account
+Show the contents of a storage account
+
+USAGE:
+    solana show-storage-account [OPTIONS] <STORAGE ACCOUNT PUBKEY>
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -C, --config <PATH>     Configuration file to use [default: ~/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml]
+    -u, --url <URL>         JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>    /path/to/id.json
+
+ARGS:
+    <STORAGE ACCOUNT PUBKEY>    Storage account public key
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-show-vote-account
+Show the contents of a vote account
+
+USAGE:
+    solana show-vote-account [OPTIONS] <VOTE ACCOUNT PUBKEY>
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -C, --config <PATH>     Configuration file to use [default: ~/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml]
+    -u, --url <URL>         JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>    /path/to/id.json
+
+ARGS:
+    <VOTE ACCOUNT PUBKEY>    Vote account public key
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-validator-info
+Publish/get Validator info on Solana
+
+USAGE:
+    solana validator-info [OPTIONS] [SUBCOMMAND]
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -C, --config <PATH>     Configuration file to use [default: ~/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml]
+    -u, --url <URL>         JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>    /path/to/id.json
+
+SUBCOMMANDS:
+    get        Get and parse Solana Validator info
+    help       Prints this message or the help of the given subcommand(s)
+    publish    Publish Validator info on Solana
+```
+
+```manpage
+solana-withdraw-stake
+Withdraw the unstaked lamports from the stake account
+
+USAGE:
+    solana withdraw-stake [OPTIONS] <STAKE ACCOUNT KEYPAIR FILE> <DESTINATION PUBKEY> <AMOUNT> [unit]
+
+FLAGS:
+    -h, --help       Prints help information
+    -V, --version    Prints version information
+
+OPTIONS:
+    -C, --config <PATH>     Configuration file to use [default: /Users/tyeraeulberg/.config/solana/wallet/config.yml]
+    -u, --url <URL>         JSON RPC URL for the solana cluster
+    -k, --keypair <PATH>    /path/to/id.json
+
+ARGS:
+    <STAKE ACCOUNT KEYPAIR FILE>    Keypair file for the stake account, for signing the withdraw transaction.
+    <DESTINATION PUBKEY>            The account where the lamports should be transfered
+    <AMOUNT>                        The amount to withdraw from the stake account (default unit SOL)
+    <unit>                          Specify unit to use for request [possible values: SOL, lamports]
+```

book/src/cluster-test-framework.md

@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+# Cluster Test Framework
+
+This document proposes the Cluster Test Framework (CTF).  CTF is a test harness
+that allows tests to execute against a local, in-process cluster or a
+deployed cluster.
+
+## Motivation
+
+The goal of CTF is to provide a framework for writing tests independent of where
+and how the cluster is deployed. Regressions can be captured in these tests and
+the tests can be run against deployed clusters to verify the deployment.  The
+focus of these tests should be on cluster stability, consensus, fault tolerance,
+API stability.
+
+Tests should verify a single bug or scenario, and should be written with the
+least amount of internal plumbing exposed to the test.
+
+## Design Overview
+
+Tests are provided an entry point, which is a `contact_info::ContactInfo`
+structure, and a keypair that has already been funded.
+
+Each node in the cluster is configured with a `fullnode::ValidatorConfig` at boot
+time.  At boot time this configuration specifies any extra cluster configuration
+required for the test. The cluster should boot with the configuration when it
+is run in-process or in a data center.
+
+Once booted, the test will discover the cluster through a gossip entry point and
+configure any runtime behaviors via fullnode RPC.
+
+## Test Interface
+
+Each CTF test starts with an opaque entry point and a funded keypair.  The test
+should not depend on how the cluster is deployed, and should be able to exercise
+all the cluster functionality through the publicly available interfaces.
+
+```rust,ignore
+use crate::contact_info::ContactInfo;
+use solana_sdk::signature::{Keypair, KeypairUtil};
+pub fn test_this_behavior(
+    entry_point_info: &ContactInfo,
+    funding_keypair: &Keypair,
+    num_nodes: usize,
+)
+```
+
+
+## Cluster Discovery
+
+At test start, the cluster has already been established and is fully connected.
+The test can discover most of the available nodes over a few second.
+
+```rust,ignore
+use crate::gossip_service::discover_nodes;
+
+// Discover the cluster over a few seconds.
+let cluster_nodes = discover_nodes(&entry_point_info, num_nodes);
+```
+
+## Cluster Configuration
+
+To enable specific scenarios, the cluster needs to be booted with special
+configurations.  These configurations can be captured in
+`fullnode::ValidatorConfig`.
+
+For example:
+
+```rust,ignore
+let mut validator_config = ValidatorConfig::default();
+validator_config.rpc_config.enable_fullnode_exit = true;
+let local = LocalCluster::new_with_config(
+                num_nodes,
+                10_000,
+                100,
+                &validator_config
+                );
+```
+
+## How to design a new test
+
+For example, there is a bug that shows that the cluster fails when it is flooded
+with invalid advertised gossip nodes.  Our gossip library and protocol may
+change, but the cluster still needs to stay resilient to floods of invalid
+advertised gossip nodes.
+
+Configure the RPC service:
+
+```rust,ignore
+let mut validator_config = ValidatorConfig::default();
+validator_config.rpc_config.enable_rpc_gossip_push = true;
+validator_config.rpc_config.enable_rpc_gossip_refresh_active_set = true;
+```
+
+Wire the RPCs and write a new test:
+
+```rust,ignore
+pub fn test_large_invalid_gossip_nodes(
+    entry_point_info: &ContactInfo,
+    funding_keypair: &Keypair,
+    num_nodes: usize,
+) {
+    let cluster = discover_nodes(&entry_point_info, num_nodes);
+
+    // Poison the cluster.
+    let client = create_client(entry_point_info.client_facing_addr(), FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE);
+    for _ in 0..(num_nodes * 100) {
+        client.gossip_push(
+            cluster_info::invalid_contact_info()
+        );
+    }
+    sleep(Durration::from_millis(1000));
+
+    // Force refresh of the active set.
+    for node in &cluster {
+        let client = create_client(node.client_facing_addr(), FULLNODE_PORT_RANGE);
+        client.gossip_refresh_active_set();
+    }
+
+    // Verify that spends still work.
+    verify_spends(&cluster);
+}
+```

book/src/cluster.md

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+# A Solana Cluster
+
+A Solana cluster is a set of fullnodes working together to serve client
+transactions and maintain the integrity of the ledger. Many clusters may
+coexist. When two clusters share a common genesis block, they attempt to
+converge. Otherwise, they simply ignore the existence of the other.
+Transactions sent to the wrong one are quietly rejected. In this chapter, we'll
+discuss how a cluster is created, how nodes join the cluster, how they share
+the ledger, how they ensure the ledger is replicated, and how they cope with
+buggy and malicious nodes.
+
+## Creating a Cluster
+
+Before starting any fullnodes, one first needs to create a *genesis block*.
+The block contains entries referencing two public keys, a *mint* and a
+*bootstrap leader*. The fullnode holding the bootstrap leader's private key is
+responsible for appending the first entries to the ledger. It initializes its
+internal state with the mint's account. That account will hold the number of
+native tokens defined by the genesis block. The second fullnode then contacts
+the bootstrap leader to register as a *validator* or *replicator*. Additional
+fullnodes then register with any registered member of the cluster.
+
+A validator receives all entries from the leader and submits votes confirming
+those entries are valid. After voting, the validator is expected to store those
+entries until replicator nodes submit proofs that they have stored copies of
+it. Once the validator observes a sufficient number of copies exist, it deletes
+its copy.
+
+## Joining a Cluster
+
+Validators and replicators enter the cluster via registration messages sent to
+its *control plane*. The control plane is implemented using a *gossip*
+protocol, meaning that a node may register with any existing node, and expect
+its registration to propagate to all nodes in the cluster. The time it takes
+for all nodes to synchronize is proportional to the square of the number of
+nodes participating in the cluster. Algorithmically, that's considered very
+slow, but in exchange for that time, a node is assured that it eventually has
+all the same information as every other node, and that that information cannot
+be censored by any one node.
+
+## Sending Transactions to a Cluster
+
+Clients send transactions to any fullnode's Transaction Processing Unit (TPU)
+port. If the node is in the validator role, it forwards the transaction to the
+designated leader. If in the leader role, the node bundles incoming
+transactions, timestamps them creating an *entry*, and pushes them onto the
+cluster's *data plane*. Once on the data plane, the transactions are validated
+by validator nodes and replicated by replicator nodes, effectively appending
+them to the ledger.
+
+## Confirming Transactions
+
+A Solana cluster is capable of subsecond *confirmation* for up to 150 nodes
+with plans to scale up to hundreds of thousands of nodes. Once fully
+implemented, confirmation times are expected to increase only with the
+logarithm of the number of validators, where the logarithm's base is very high.
+If the base is one thousand, for example, it means that for the first thousand
+nodes, confirmation will be the duration of three network hops plus the time it
+takes the slowest validator of a supermajority to vote. For the next million
+nodes, confirmation increases by only one network hop.
+
+Solana defines confirmation as the duration of time from when the leader
+timestamps a new entry to the moment when it recognizes a supermajority of
+ledger votes.
+
+A gossip network is much too slow to achieve subsecond confirmation once the
+network grows beyond a certain size. The time it takes to send messages to all
+nodes is proportional to the square of the number of nodes. If a blockchain
+wants to achieve low confirmation and attempts to do it using a gossip network,
+it will be forced to centralize to just a handful of nodes.
+
+Scalable confirmation can be achieved using the follow combination of
+techniques:
+
+1. Timestamp transactions with a VDF sample and sign the timestamp.
+2. Split the transactions into batches, send each to separate nodes and have
+   each node share its batch with its peers.
+3. Repeat the previous step recursively until all nodes have all batches.
+
+Solana rotates leaders at fixed intervals, called *slots*. Each leader may only
+produce entries during its allotted slot. The leader therefore timestamps
+transactions so that validators may lookup the public key of the designated
+leader. The leader then signs the timestamp so that a validator may verify the
+signature, proving the signer is owner of the designated leader's public key.
+
+Next, transactions are broken into batches so that a node can send transactions
+to multiple parties without making multiple copies. If, for example, the leader
+needed to send 60 transactions to 6 nodes, it would break that collection of 60
+into batches of 10 transactions and send one to each node. This allows the
+leader to put 60 transactions on the wire, not 60 transactions for each node.
+Each node then shares its batch with its peers. Once the node has collected all
+6 batches, it reconstructs the original set of 60 transactions.
+
+A batch of transactions can only be split so many times before it is so small
+that header information becomes the primary consumer of network bandwidth. At
+the time of this writing, the approach is scaling well up to about 150
+validators. To scale up to hundreds of thousands of validators, each node can
+apply the same technique as the leader node to another set of nodes of equal
+size. We call the technique *data plane fanout*; learn more in the [data plan
+fanout](data-plane-fanout.md) section.

book/src/cluster/README.md

@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
 # A Solana Cluster
 
-A Solana cluster is a set of validators working together to serve client transactions and maintain the integrity of the ledger. Many clusters may coexist. When two clusters share a common genesis block, they attempt to converge. Otherwise, they simply ignore the existence of the other. Transactions sent to the wrong one are quietly rejected. In this section, we'll discuss how a cluster is created, how nodes join the cluster, how they share the ledger, how they ensure the ledger is replicated, and how they cope with buggy and malicious nodes.
+A Solana cluster is a set of fullnodes working together to serve client transactions and maintain the integrity of the ledger. Many clusters may coexist. When two clusters share a common genesis block, they attempt to converge. Otherwise, they simply ignore the existence of the other. Transactions sent to the wrong one are quietly rejected. In this chapter, we'll discuss how a cluster is created, how nodes join the cluster, how they share the ledger, how they ensure the ledger is replicated, and how they cope with buggy and malicious nodes.
 
 ## Creating a Cluster
 
-Before starting any validators, one first needs to create a _genesis config_. The config references two public keys, a _mint_ and a _bootstrap validator_. The validator holding the bootstrap validator's private key is responsible for appending the first entries to the ledger. It initializes its internal state with the mint's account. That account will hold the number of native tokens defined by the genesis config. The second validator then contacts the bootstrap validator to register as a _validator_. Additional validators then register with any registered member of the cluster.
+Before starting any fullnodes, one first needs to create a _genesis block_. The block contains entries referencing two public keys, a _mint_ and a _bootstrap leader_. The fullnode holding the bootstrap leader's secret key is responsible for appending the first entries to the ledger. It initializes its internal state with the mint's account. That account will hold the number of native tokens defined by the genesis block. The second fullnode then contacts the bootstrap leader to register as a _validator_ or _replicator_. Additional fullnodes then register with any registered member of the cluster.
 
-A validator receives all entries from the leader and submits votes confirming those entries are valid. After voting, the validator is expected to store those entries. Once the validator observes a sufficient number of copies exist, it deletes its copy.
+A validator receives all entries from the leader and submits votes confirming those entries are valid. After voting, the validator is expected to store those entries until replicator nodes submit proofs that they have stored copies of it. Once the validator observes a sufficient number of copies exist, it deletes its copy.
 
 ## Joining a Cluster
 
-Validators enter the cluster via registration messages sent to its _control plane_. The control plane is implemented using a _gossip_ protocol, meaning that a node may register with any existing node, and expect its registration to propagate to all nodes in the cluster. The time it takes for all nodes to synchronize is proportional to the square of the number of nodes participating in the cluster. Algorithmically, that's considered very slow, but in exchange for that time, a node is assured that it eventually has all the same information as every other node, and that that information cannot be censored by any one node.
+Validators and replicators enter the cluster via registration messages sent to its _control plane_. The control plane is implemented using a _gossip_ protocol, meaning that a node may register with any existing node, and expect its registration to propagate to all nodes in the cluster. The time it takes for all nodes to synchronize is proportional to the square of the number of nodes participating in the cluster. Algorithmically, that's considered very slow, but in exchange for that time, a node is assured that it eventually has all the same information as every other node, and that that information cannot be censored by any one node.
 
 ## Sending Transactions to a Cluster
 
-Clients send transactions to any validator's Transaction Processing Unit \(TPU\) port. If the node is in the validator role, it forwards the transaction to the designated leader. If in the leader role, the node bundles incoming transactions, timestamps them creating an _entry_, and pushes them onto the cluster's _data plane_. Once on the data plane, the transactions are validated by validator nodes, effectively appending them to the ledger.
+Clients send transactions to any fullnode's Transaction Processing Unit \(TPU\) port. If the node is in the validator role, it forwards the transaction to the designated leader. If in the leader role, the node bundles incoming transactions, timestamps them creating an _entry_, and pushes them onto the cluster's _data plane_. Once on the data plane, the transactions are validated by validator nodes and replicated by replicator nodes, effectively appending them to the ledger.
 
 ## Confirming Transactions
 
@@ -37,4 +37,5 @@ Solana rotates leaders at fixed intervals, called _slots_. Each leader may only
 
 Next, transactions are broken into batches so that a node can send transactions to multiple parties without making multiple copies. If, for example, the leader needed to send 60 transactions to 6 nodes, it would break that collection of 60 into batches of 10 transactions and send one to each node. This allows the leader to put 60 transactions on the wire, not 60 transactions for each node. Each node then shares its batch with its peers. Once the node has collected all 6 batches, it reconstructs the original set of 60 transactions.
 
-A batch of transactions can only be split so many times before it is so small that header information becomes the primary consumer of network bandwidth. At the time of this writing, the approach is scaling well up to about 150 validators. To scale up to hundreds of thousands of validators, each node can apply the same technique as the leader node to another set of nodes of equal size. We call the technique [_Turbine Block Propogation_](turbine-block-propagation.md).
+A batch of transactions can only be split so many times before it is so small that header information becomes the primary consumer of network bandwidth. At the time of this writing, the approach is scaling well up to about 150 validators. To scale up to hundreds of thousands of validators, each node can apply the same technique as the leader node to another set of nodes of equal size. We call the technique _data plane fanout_; learn more in the [data plan fanout](https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/tree/6b18db969dd1616eff07de35e7b823c75339fea8/book/src/data-plane-fanout.md) section.
+

book/src/cluster/fork-generation.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Fork Generation
 
-This section describes how forks naturally occur as a consequence of [leader rotation](leader-rotation.md).
+The chapter describes how forks naturally occur as a consequence of [leader rotation](leader-rotation.md).
 
 ## Overview
 
@@ -12,14 +12,14 @@ Nodes take turns being leader and generating the PoH that encodes state changes.
 2. Leader filters valid transactions.
 3. Leader executes valid transactions updating its state.
 4. Leader packages transactions into entries based off its current PoH slot.
-5. Leader transmits the entries to validator nodes \(in signed shreds\) 1. The PoH stream includes ticks; empty entries that indicate liveness of
+5. Leader transmits the entries to validator nodes \(in signed blobs\)
+   1. The PoH stream includes ticks; empty entries that indicate liveness of
 
-   the leader and the passage of time on the cluster.
+      the leader and the passage of time on the cluster.
 
-   1. A leader's stream begins with the tick entries necessary complete the PoH
+   2. A leader's stream begins with the tick entries necessary complete the PoH
 
       back to the leaders most recently observed prior leader slot.
-
 6. Validators retransmit entries to peers in their set and to further
 
    downstream nodes.
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ Validators vote based on a greedy choice to maximize their reward described in [
 
 The diagram below represents a validator's view of the PoH stream with possible forks over time. L1, L2, etc. are leader slots, and `E`s represent entries from that leader during that leader's slot. The `x`s represent ticks only, and time flows downwards in the diagram.
 
-![Fork generation](../.gitbook/assets/fork-generation.svg)
+![Fork generation](https://github.com/solana-labs/solana/tree/6b18db969dd1616eff07de35e7b823c75339fea8/book/src/img/fork-generation.svg)
 
 Note that an `E` appearing on 2 forks at the same slot is a slashable condition, so a validator observing `E3` and `E3'` can slash L3 and safely choose `x` for that slot. Once a validator commits to a forks, other forks can be discarded below that tick count. For any slot, validators need only consider a single "has entries" chain or a "ticks only" chain to be proposed by a leader. But multiple virtual entries may overlap as they link back to the a previous slot.
 
@@ -78,3 +78,4 @@ This arrangement of the network data streams permits nodes to save exactly this
 ### Leader's View
 
 When a new leader begins a slot, it must first transmit any PoH \(ticks\) required to link the new slot with the most recently observed and voted slot. The fork the leader proposes would link the current slot to a previous fork that the leader has voted on with virtual ticks.
+

book/src/cluster/leader-rotation.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Leader Rotation
 
-At any given moment, a cluster expects only one validator to produce ledger entries. By having only one leader at a time, all validators are able to replay identical copies of the ledger. The drawback of only one leader at a time, however, is that a malicious leader is capable of censoring votes and transactions. Since censoring cannot be distinguished from the network dropping packets, the cluster cannot simply elect a single node to hold the leader role indefinitely. Instead, the cluster minimizes the influence of a malicious leader by rotating which node takes the lead.
+At any given moment, a cluster expects only one fullnode to produce ledger entries. By having only one leader at a time, all validators are able to replay identical copies of the ledger. The drawback of only one leader at a time, however, is that a malicious leader is capable of censoring votes and transactions. Since censoring cannot be distinguished from the network dropping packets, the cluster cannot simply elect a single node to hold the leader role indefinitely. Instead, the cluster minimizes the influence of a malicious leader by rotating which node takes the lead.
 
 Each validator selects the expected leader using the same algorithm, described below. When the validator receives a new signed ledger entry, it can be certain that entry was produced by the expected leader. The order of slots which each leader is assigned a slot is called a _leader schedule_.
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ After observing the cluster for a sufficient amount of time, the leader schedule
 
 ## Leader Schedule Generation at Genesis
 
-The genesis config declares the first leader for the first epoch. This leader ends up scheduled for the first two epochs because the leader schedule is also generated at slot 0 for the next epoch. The length of the first two epochs can be specified in the genesis config as well. The minimum length of the first epochs must be greater than or equal to the maximum rollback depth as defined in [Tower BFT](../implemented-proposals/tower-bft.md).
+The genesis block declares the first leader for the first epoch. This leader ends up scheduled for the first two epochs because the leader schedule is also generated at slot 0 for the next epoch. The length of the first two epochs can be specified in the genesis block as well. The minimum length of the first epochs must be greater than or equal to the maximum rollback depth as defined in [Tower BFT](../implemented-proposals/tower-bft.md).
 
 ## Leader Schedule Generation Algorithm
 
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ The seed that is selected is predictable but unbiasable. There is no grinding at
 
 A leader can bias the active set by censoring validator votes. Two possible ways exist for leaders to censor the active set:
 
-* Ignore votes from validators
+* Ignore votes from validators 
 * Refuse to vote for blocks with votes from validators
 
 To reduce the likelihood of censorship, the active set is calculated at the leader schedule offset boundary over an _active set sampling duration_. The active set sampling duration is long enough such that votes will have been collected by multiple leaders.
@@ -95,3 +95,4 @@ The lifetime of a leader schedule is called an _epoch_. The epoch is split into
 A leader transmits entries during its slot. After `T` ticks, all the validators switch to the next scheduled leader. Validators must ignore entries sent outside a leader's assigned slot.
 
 All `T` ticks must be observed by the next leader for it to build its own entries on. If entries are not observed \(leader is down\) or entries are invalid \(leader is buggy or malicious\), the next leader must produce ticks to fill the previous leader's slot. Note that the next leader should do repair requests in parallel, and postpone sending ticks until it is confident other validators also failed to observe the previous leader's entries. If a leader incorrectly builds on its own ticks, the leader following it must replace all its ticks.
+

book/src/cluster/ledger-replication.md

@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+# Ledger Replication
+
+At full capacity on a 1gbps network solana will generate 4 petabytes of data per year. To prevent the network from centralizing around validators that have to store the full data set this protocol proposes a way for mining nodes to provide storage capacity for pieces of the data.
+
+The basic idea to Proof of Replication is encrypting a dataset with a public symmetric key using CBC encryption, then hash the encrypted dataset. The main problem with the naive approach is that a dishonest storage node can stream the encryption and delete the data as it's hashed. The simple solution is to periodically regenerate the hash based on a signed PoH value. This ensures that all the data is present during the generation of the proof and it also requires validators to have the entirety of the encrypted data present for verification of every proof of every identity. So the space required to validate is `number_of_proofs * data_size`
+
+## Optimization with PoH
+
+Our improvement on this approach is to randomly sample the encrypted segments faster than it takes to encrypt, and record the hash of those samples into the PoH ledger. Thus the segments stay in the exact same order for every PoRep and verification can stream the data and verify all the proofs in a single batch. This way we can verify multiple proofs concurrently, each one on its own CUDA core. The total space required for verification is `1_ledger_segment + 2_cbc_blocks * number_of_identities` with core count equal to `number_of_identities`. We use a 64-byte chacha CBC block size.
+
+## Network
+
+Validators for PoRep are the same validators that are verifying transactions. If a replicator can prove that a validator verified a fake PoRep, then the validator will not receive a reward for that storage epoch.
+
+Replicators are specialized _light clients_. They download a part of the ledger \(a.k.a Segment\) and store it, and provide PoReps of storing the ledger. For each verified PoRep replicators earn a reward of sol from the mining pool.
+
+## Constraints
+
+We have the following constraints:
+
+* Verification requires generating the CBC blocks. That requires space of 2
+
+  blocks per identity, and 1 CUDA core per identity for the same dataset. So as
+
+  many identities at once should be batched with as many proofs for those
+
+  identities verified concurrently for the same dataset.
+
+* Validators will randomly sample the set of storage proofs to the set that
+
+  they can handle, and only the creators of those chosen proofs will be
+
+  rewarded. The validator can run a benchmark whenever its hardware configuration
+
+  changes to determine what rate it can validate storage proofs.
+
+## Validation and Replication Protocol
+
+### Constants
+
+1. SLOTS\_PER\_SEGMENT: Number of slots in a segment of ledger data. The
+
+   unit of storage for a replicator.
+
+2. NUM\_KEY\_ROTATION\_SEGMENTS: Number of segments after which replicators
+
+   regenerate their encryption keys and select a new dataset to store.
+
+3. NUM\_STORAGE\_PROOFS: Number of storage proofs required for a storage proof
+
+   claim to be successfully rewarded.
+
+4. RATIO\_OF\_FAKE\_PROOFS: Ratio of fake proofs to real proofs that a storage
+
+   mining proof claim has to contain to be valid for a reward.
+
+5. NUM\_STORAGE\_SAMPLES: Number of samples required for a storage mining
+
+   proof.
+
+6. NUM\_CHACHA\_ROUNDS: Number of encryption rounds performed to generate
+
+   encrypted state.
+
+7. NUM\_SLOTS\_PER\_TURN: Number of slots that define a single storage epoch or
+
+   a "turn" of the PoRep game.
+
+### Validator behavior
+
+1. Validators join the network and begin looking for replicator accounts at each
+
+   storage epoch/turn boundary.
+
+2. Every turn, Validators sign the PoH value at the boundary and use that signature
+
+   to randomly pick proofs to verify from each storage account found in the turn boundary.
+
+   This signed value is also submitted to the validator's storage account and will be used by
+
+   replicators at a later stage to cross-verify.
+
+3. Every `NUM_SLOTS_PER_TURN` slots the validator advertises the PoH value. This is value
+
+   is also served to Replicators via RPC interfaces.
+
+4. For a given turn N, all validations get locked out until turn N+3 \(a gap of 2 turn/epoch\).
+
+   At which point all validations during that turn are available for reward collection.
+
+5. Any incorrect validations will be marked during the turn in between.
+
+### Replicator behavior
+
+1. Since a replicator is somewhat of a light client and not downloading all the
+
+   ledger data, they have to rely on other validators and replicators for information.
+
+   Any given validator may or may not be malicious and give incorrect information, although
+
+   there are not any obvious attack vectors that this could accomplish besides having the
+
+   replicator do extra wasted work.  For many of the operations there are a number of options
+
+   depending on how paranoid a replicator is:
+
+   * \(a\) replicator can ask a validator
+   * \(b\) replicator can ask multiple validators
+   * \(c\) replicator can ask other replicators
+   * \(d\) replicator can subscribe to the full transaction stream and generate
+
+     the information itself \(assuming the slot is recent enough\)
+
+   * \(e\) replicator can subscribe to an abbreviated transaction stream to
+
+     generate the information itself \(assuming the slot is recent enough\)
+
+2. A replicator obtains the PoH hash corresponding to the last turn with its slot.
+3. The replicator signs the PoH hash with its keypair. That signature is the
+
+   seed used to pick the segment to replicate and also the encryption key. The
+
+   replicator mods the signature with the slot to get which segment to
+
+   replicate.
+
+4. The replicator retrives the ledger by asking peer validators and
+
+   replicators. See 6.5.
+
+5. The replicator then encrypts that segment with the key with chacha algorithm
+
+   in CBC mode with `NUM_CHACHA_ROUNDS` of encryption.
+
+6. The replicator initializes a chacha rng with the a signed recent PoH value as
+
+   the seed.
+
+7. The replicator generates `NUM_STORAGE_SAMPLES` samples in the range of the
+
+   entry size and samples the encrypted segment with sha256 for 32-bytes at each
+
+   offset value. Sampling the state should be faster than generating the encrypted
+
+   segment.
+
+8. The replicator sends a PoRep proof transaction which contains its sha state
+
+   at the end of the sampling operation, its seed and the samples it used to the
+
+   current leader and it is put onto the ledger.
+
+9. During a given turn the replicator should submit many proofs for the same segment
+
+   and based on the `RATIO_OF_FAKE_PROOFS` some of those proofs must be fake.
+
+10. As the PoRep game enters the next turn, the replicator must submit a
+
+    transaction with the mask of which proofs were fake during the last turn. This
+
+    transaction will define the rewards for both replicators and validators.
+
+11. Finally for a turn N, as the PoRep game enters turn N + 3, replicator's proofs for
+
+    turn N will be counted towards their rewards.
+
+### The PoRep Game
+
+The Proof of Replication game has 4 primary stages. For each "turn" multiple PoRep games can be in progress but each in a different stage.
+
+The 4 stages of the PoRep Game are as follows:
+
+1. Proof submission stage
+   * Replicators: submit as many proofs as possible during this stage
+   * Validators: No-op
+2. Proof verification stage
+   * Replicators: No-op
+   * Validators: Select replicators and verify their proofs from the previous turn
+3. Proof challenge stage
+   * Replicators: Submit the proof mask with justifications \(for fake proofs submitted 2 turns ago\)
+   * Validators: No-op
+4. Reward collection stage
+   * Replicators: Collect rewards for 3 turns ago
+   * Validators:  Collect rewards for 3 turns ago
+
+For each turn of the PoRep game, both Validators and Replicators evaluate each stage. The stages are run as separate transactions on the storage program.
+
+### Finding who has a given block of ledger
+
+1. Validators monitor the turns in the PoRep game and look at the rooted bank
+
+   at turn boundaries for any proofs.
+
+2. Validators maintain a map of ledger segments and corresponding replicator public keys.
+
+   The map is updated when a Validator processes a replicator's proofs for a segment.
+
+   The validator provides an RPC interface to access the this map. Using this API, clients
+
+   can map a segment to a replicator's network address \(correlating it via cluster\_info table\).
+
+   The clients can then send repair requests to the replicator to retrieve segments.
+
+3. Validators would need to invalidate this list every N turns.
+
+## Sybil attacks
+
+For any random seed, we force everyone to use a signature that is derived from a PoH hash at the turn boundary. Everyone uses the same count, so the same PoH hash is signed by every participant. The signatures are then each cryptographically tied to the keypair, which prevents a leader from grinding on the resulting value for more than 1 identity.
+
+Since there are many more client identities then encryption identities, we need to split the reward for multiple clients, and prevent Sybil attacks from generating many clients to acquire the same block of data. To remain BFT we want to avoid a single human entity from storing all the replications of a single chunk of the ledger.
+
+Our solution to this is to force the clients to continue using the same identity. If the first round is used to acquire the same block for many client identities, the second round for the same client identities will force a redistribution of the signatures, and therefore PoRep identities and blocks. Thus to get a reward for replicators need to store the first block for free and the network can reward long lived client identities more than new ones.
+
+## Validator attacks
+
+* If a validator approves fake proofs, replicator can easily out them by
+
+  showing the initial state for the hash.
+
+* If a validator marks real proofs as fake, no on-chain computation can be done
+
+  to distinguish who is correct. Rewards would have to rely on the results from
+
+  multiple validators to catch bad actors and replicators from being denied rewards.
+
+* Validator stealing mining proof results for itself. The proofs are derived
+
+  from a signature from a replicator, since the validator does not know the
+
+  private key used to generate the encryption key, it cannot be the generator of
+
+  the proof.
+
+## Reward incentives
+
+Fake proofs are easy to generate but difficult to verify. For this reason, PoRep proof transactions generated by replicators may require a higher fee than a normal transaction to represent the computational cost required by validators.
+
+Some percentage of fake proofs are also necessary to receive a reward from storage mining.
+
+## Notes
+
+* We can reduce the costs of verification of PoRep by using PoH, and actually
+
+  make it feasible to verify a large number of proofs for a global dataset.
+
+* We can eliminate grinding by forcing everyone to sign the same PoH hash and
+
+  use the signatures as the seed
+
+* The game between validators and replicators is over random blocks and random
+
+  encryption identities and random data samples. The goal of randomization is
+
+  to prevent colluding groups from having overlap on data or validation.
+
+* Replicator clients fish for lazy validators by submitting fake proofs that
+
+  they can prove are fake.
+
+* To defend against Sybil client identities that try to store the same block we
+
+  force the clients to store for multiple rounds before receiving a reward.
+
+* Validators should also get rewarded for validating submitted storage proofs
+
+  as incentive for storing the ledger. They can only validate proofs if they
+
+  are storing that slice of the ledger.
+