I've been using this locally to find errors without running tests, and now that we're using autopep8, it passes with minimal suppressions. This is also what turned up the issues with the tutorials, which were fixed in #422.
- Fix some whitespace.
- Make an undeclared dependency on `pytest` explicit.
- Fix deprecated `description-file` use.
- `#ifdef` out a deprecated `PyEval_InitThreads` call.
- Use a slightly different numpy invocation in `test_random.py` to quiet down overflow warnings in tests.
- Fix a deprecated cast in `test_core.py`.
- Suppress a warning about `visit_Constant` in Python 3.9+; we can't migrate yet because it'd break Python 3.6 and 3.7.
- Use chained exceptions for `CompilationError` rather than rolling our own; it makes the error messages nicer.
- Add a `__str__` for `tl.dtype` to make debugging kernels easier; it lets you `print` a dtype to see what type was inferred.
- Fix a few bad escapes.
