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<div class="sphx-glr-example-title section" id="matrix-multiplication">
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<span id="sphx-glr-getting-started-tutorials-03-matrix-multiplication-py"></span><h1>Matrix Multiplication<a class="headerlink" href="#matrix-multiplication" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
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<p>In this tutorial, you will write a 25-lines high-performance FP16 matrix multiplication kernel that achieves performance on par with cuBLAS.
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You will specifically learn about:</p>
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<ul class="simple">
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<li><p>Block-level matrix multiplications</p></li>
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<li><p>Multi-dimensional pointer arithmetic</p></li>
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<li><p>Program re-ordering for improved L2 cache hit rate</p></li>
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<li><p>Automatic performance tuning</p></li>
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</ul>
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<div class="section" id="motivations">
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<h2>Motivations<a class="headerlink" href="#motivations" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
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<p>Matrix multiplications are a key building block of most modern high-performance computing systems.
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They are notoriously hard to optimize, hence their implementation is generally done by hardware vendors themselves as part of so-called “kernel libraries” (e.g., cuBLAS).
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Unfortunately, these libraries are often proprietary and cannot be easily customized to accomodate the needs of modern deep learning workloads (e.g., fused activation functions).
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In this tutorial, you will learn how to implement efficient matrix multiplications by yourself with Triton, in a way that is easy to customize and extend.</p>
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<p>Roughly speaking, the kernel that we will write will implement the following blocked algorithm:</p>
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<blockquote>
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<div><div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># do in parallel</span>
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<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">m</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">BLOCK_M</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<span class="c1"># do in parallel</span>
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<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">N</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">BLOCK_N</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<span class="n">acc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">zeros</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">BLOCK_M</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">BLOCK_N</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">float32</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">K</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">BLOCK_K</span><span class="p">):</span>
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<span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">A</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">BLOCK_M</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">BLOCK_K</span><span class="p">]</span>
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||
<span class="n">b</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">B</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">k</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">BLOCK_K</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">BLOCK_N</span><span class="p">]</span>
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<span class="n">acc</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">dot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="n">C</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">BLOCK_M</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">BLOCK_N</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">acc</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
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||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
<p>where each iteration of the doubly-nested for-loop corresponds to a Triton program instance.</p>
|
||
</div>
|
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<div class="section" id="compute-kernel">
|
||
<h2>Compute Kernel<a class="headerlink" href="#compute-kernel" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>The above algorithm is, actually, fairly straightforward to implement in Triton.
|
||
The main difficulty comes from the computation of the memory locations at which blocks of <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">A</span></code> and <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">B</span></code> must be read in the inner loop. For that, we need multi-dimensional pointer arithmetics.</p>
|
||
<div class="section" id="pointer-arithmetics">
|
||
<h3>Pointer Arithmetics<a class="headerlink" href="#pointer-arithmetics" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>For a row-major 2D tensor <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">X</span></code>, the memory location of <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">X[i,</span> <span class="pre">j]</span></code> is given by <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">&X[i,</span> <span class="pre">j]</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">X</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">i*stride_x_0</span> <span class="pre">+</span> <span class="pre">j*stride_x_1</span></code>.
|
||
Therefore, blocks of pointers for <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">A[m</span> <span class="pre">:</span> <span class="pre">m+BLOCK_M,</span> <span class="pre">k:k+BLOCK_K]</span></code> and <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">B[k</span> <span class="pre">:</span> <span class="pre">k+BLOCK_K,</span> <span class="pre">n</span> <span class="pre">:</span> <span class="pre">n+BLOCK_N]</span></code> can be defined in pseudo-code as:</p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<div><div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">&</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">BLOCK_M</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">BLOCK_K</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">A</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">m</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">BLOCK_M</span><span class="p">)[:,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stride</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">BLOCK_K</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">:]</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stride</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="o">&</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">k</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">BLOCK_K</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">BLOCK_N</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">B</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">k</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">k</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">BLOCK_K</span><span class="p">)[:,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stride</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">n</span> <span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="o">+</span><span class="n">BLOCK_N</span><span class="p">)[</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">:]</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stride</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
<p>Which means that pointers for blocks of A and B can be initialized (i.e., <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">k=0</span></code>) in Triton as:</p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<div><div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">pid_m</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">triton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">program_id</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">pid_n</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">triton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">program_id</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">rm</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pid_m</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">BLOCK_M</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">triton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">BLOCK_M</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">rn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pid_n</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">BLOCK_N</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">triton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">BLOCK_N</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">rk</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">triton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">BLOCK_K</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="o">//</span> <span class="n">pointer</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">A</span> <span class="n">operand</span>
|
||
<span class="n">pa</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">A</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rm</span><span class="p">[:,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">stride_a_0</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">rk</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">:]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">stride_a_1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="o">//</span> <span class="n">pointer</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">B</span> <span class="n">operand</span>
|
||
<span class="n">pb</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">B</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rk</span><span class="p">[:,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">stride_b_0</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">rn</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">:]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">stride_b_1</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
<p>And then updated in the inner loop as follows:</p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<div><div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">pa</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">BLOCK_K</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">stride_a_1</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="n">pb</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">BLOCK_K</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">stride_b_0</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="l2-cache-optimizations">
|
||
<h3>L2 Cache Optimizations<a class="headerlink" href="#l2-cache-optimizations" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>As mentioned above, each program instance computes an <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[BLOCK_M,</span> <span class="pre">BLOCK_N]</span></code> block of <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">C</span></code>.
|
||
It is important to remember that the order in which these blocks are computed does matter, since it affects the L2 cache hit rate of our program.
|
||
And unfortunately, a simple row-major ordering</p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<div><div class="highlight-Python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">pid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">triton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">program_id</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="n">grid_m</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">BLOCK_M</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="n">BLOCK_M</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="n">grid_n</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">N</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">BLOCK_N</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="n">BLOCK_N</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="n">pid_m</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pid</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">grid_n</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="n">pid_n</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pid</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">grid_n</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
<p>is just not going to cut it.</p>
|
||
<p>One possible solution is to launch blocks in an order that promotes data reuse.
|
||
This can be done by ‘super-grouping’ blocks in groups of <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GROUP_M</span></code> rows before switching to the next column:</p>
|
||
<blockquote>
|
||
<div><div class="highlight-python notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">pid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">triton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">program_id</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="n">width</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">GROUP_M</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">grid_n</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="n">group_id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pid</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="n">width</span><span class="p">;</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># we need to handle the case where M % (GROUP_M*BLOCK_M) != 0</span>
|
||
<span class="n">group_size</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">min</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">grid_m</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">group_id</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">GROUP_M</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">GROUP_M</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="n">pid_m</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">group_id</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">GROUP_M</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pid</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">group_size</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
<span class="n">pid_n</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pid</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">width</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">group_size</span><span class="p">);</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div></blockquote>
|
||
<p>In practice, this can improve the performance of our matrix multiplication kernel by >10% on some hardware architecture (e.g., 220 to 245 TFLOPS on A100).</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="final-result">
|
||
<h2>Final Result<a class="headerlink" href="#final-result" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">torch</span>
|
||
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">triton</span>
|
||
<span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">triton.language</span> <span class="k">as</span> <span class="nn">tl</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="c1"># %</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># :code:`triton.jit`'ed functions can be auto-tuned by using the `triton.autotune` decorator, which consumes:</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># - A list of :code:`triton.Config` objects that define different configurations of meta-parameters (e.g., BLOCK_M) and compilation options (e.g., num_warps) to try</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># - A autotuning *key* whose change in values will trigger evaluation of all the provided configs</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="nd">@triton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">autotune</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
<span class="n">configs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span>
|
||
<span class="n">triton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Config</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s1">'BLOCK_M'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">128</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'BLOCK_N'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">256</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'BLOCK_K'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">32</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'GROUP_M'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">},</span> <span class="n">num_stages</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">num_warps</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">),</span>
|
||
<span class="n">triton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Config</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s1">'BLOCK_M'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">256</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'BLOCK_N'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">128</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'BLOCK_K'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">32</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'GROUP_M'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">},</span> <span class="n">num_stages</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">num_warps</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">),</span>
|
||
<span class="n">triton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Config</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s1">'BLOCK_M'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">256</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'BLOCK_N'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">64</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'BLOCK_K'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">32</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'GROUP_M'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">},</span> <span class="n">num_stages</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">num_warps</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">),</span>
|
||
<span class="n">triton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Config</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s1">'BLOCK_M'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">64</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'BLOCK_N'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">256</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'BLOCK_K'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">32</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'GROUP_M'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">},</span> <span class="n">num_stages</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">num_warps</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">),</span>\
|
||
<span class="n">triton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Config</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s1">'BLOCK_M'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">128</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'BLOCK_N'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">128</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'BLOCK_K'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">32</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'GROUP_M'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">},</span> <span class="n">num_stages</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">num_warps</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">),</span>\
|
||
<span class="n">triton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Config</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s1">'BLOCK_M'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">128</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'BLOCK_N'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">64</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'BLOCK_K'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">32</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'GROUP_M'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">},</span> <span class="n">num_stages</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">num_warps</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">),</span>\
|
||
<span class="n">triton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Config</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s1">'BLOCK_M'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">64</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'BLOCK_N'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">128</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'BLOCK_K'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">32</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'GROUP_M'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">},</span> <span class="n">num_stages</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">num_warps</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">),</span>
|
||
<span class="n">triton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Config</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s1">'BLOCK_M'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">128</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'BLOCK_N'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">32</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'BLOCK_K'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">32</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'GROUP_M'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">},</span> <span class="n">num_stages</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">num_warps</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">),</span>\
|
||
<span class="n">triton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Config</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s1">'BLOCK_M'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">64</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'BLOCK_N'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">32</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'BLOCK_K'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">32</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'GROUP_M'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">},</span> <span class="n">num_stages</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">num_warps</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span>\
|
||
<span class="n">triton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Config</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s1">'BLOCK_M'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">32</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'BLOCK_N'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">64</span> <span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'BLOCK_K'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">32</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'GROUP_M'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">8</span><span class="p">},</span> <span class="n">num_stages</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">num_warps</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">),</span>
|
||
<span class="c1">#triton.Config({'BLOCK_M': 64, 'BLOCK_N': 128, 'BLOCK_K': 32, 'GROUP_M': 8}, num_warps=4),</span>
|
||
<span class="p">],</span>
|
||
<span class="n">key</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'M'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'N'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'K'</span><span class="p">],</span>
|
||
<span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># %</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># We can now define our kernel as normal, using all the techniques presented above</span>
|
||
<span class="nd">@triton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">jit</span>
|
||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">_matmul</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">B</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">C</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">N</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">K</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">stride_am</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">stride_ak</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">stride_bk</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">stride_bn</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">stride_cm</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">stride_cn</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">**</span><span class="n">META</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># extract meta-parameters</span>
|
||
<span class="n">BLOCK_M</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">META</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'BLOCK_M'</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<span class="n">BLOCK_N</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">META</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'BLOCK_N'</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<span class="n">BLOCK_K</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">META</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'BLOCK_K'</span><span class="p">]</span>
|
||
<span class="n">GROUP_M</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">8</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># matrix multiplication</span>
|
||
<span class="n">pid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">tl</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">program_id</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">grid_m</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">BLOCK_M</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="n">BLOCK_M</span>
|
||
<span class="n">grid_n</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">N</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">BLOCK_N</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="n">BLOCK_N</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># re-order program ID for better L2 performance</span>
|
||
<span class="n">width</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">GROUP_M</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">grid_n</span>
|
||
<span class="n">group_id</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pid</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="n">width</span>
|
||
<span class="n">group_size</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nb">min</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">grid_m</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">group_id</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">GROUP_M</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">GROUP_M</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">pid_m</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">group_id</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">GROUP_M</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pid</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">group_size</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">pid_n</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pid</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">width</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">//</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">group_size</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># do matrix multiplication</span>
|
||
<span class="n">rm</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pid_m</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">BLOCK_M</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">tl</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">BLOCK_M</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">rn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pid_n</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">BLOCK_N</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">tl</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">BLOCK_N</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">rk</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">tl</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">BLOCK_K</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">A</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">A</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rm</span><span class="p">[:,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">stride_am</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">rk</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">:]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">stride_ak</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">B</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">B</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rk</span><span class="p">[:,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">stride_bk</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">rn</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">:]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">stride_bn</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">acc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">tl</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">zeros</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">BLOCK_M</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">BLOCK_N</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">tl</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">float32</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">k</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">BLOCK_K</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">tl</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">A</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">b</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">tl</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">load</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">B</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">acc</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">tl</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dot</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">A</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">BLOCK_K</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">stride_ak</span>
|
||
<span class="n">B</span> <span class="o">+=</span> <span class="n">BLOCK_K</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">stride_bk</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># triton can accept arbitrary activation function</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># via metaparameters!</span>
|
||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">META</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'ACTIVATION'</span><span class="p">]:</span>
|
||
<span class="n">acc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">META</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'ACTIVATION'</span><span class="p">](</span><span class="n">acc</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># rematerialize rm and rn to save registers</span>
|
||
<span class="n">rm</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pid_m</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">BLOCK_M</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">tl</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">BLOCK_M</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">rn</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">pid_n</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">BLOCK_N</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">tl</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">arange</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">BLOCK_N</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">C</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">C</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rm</span><span class="p">[:,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">stride_cm</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">rn</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">:]</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">stride_cn</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">mask</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rm</span><span class="p">[:,</span> <span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o"><</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">rn</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">:]</span> <span class="o"><</span> <span class="n">N</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">tl</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">store</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">C</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">acc</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">mask</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">mask</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="c1"># we can fuse `leaky_relu` by providing it as an `ACTIVATION` meta-parameter in `_matmul`</span>
|
||
<span class="nd">@triton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">jit</span>
|
||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">leaky_relu</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">tl</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">where</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span> <span class="o">>=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">0.01</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p>We can now create a convenience wrapper function that only takes two input tensors
|
||
and (1) checks any shape constraint; (2) allocates the output; (3) launches the above kernel</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">matmul</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">activation</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># checks constraints</span>
|
||
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shape</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shape</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="s2">"incompatible dimensions"</span>
|
||
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_contiguous</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="s2">"matrix A must be contiguous"</span>
|
||
<span class="k">assert</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_contiguous</span><span class="p">(),</span> <span class="s2">"matrix B must be contiguous"</span>
|
||
<span class="n">M</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">K</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shape</span>
|
||
<span class="n">_</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">N</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shape</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># allocates output</span>
|
||
<span class="n">c</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">empty</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">N</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">device</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">device</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">dtype</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># launch kernel</span>
|
||
<span class="n">grid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="n">META</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">triton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cdiv</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">META</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'BLOCK_M'</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">triton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">cdiv</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">N</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">META</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'BLOCK_N'</span><span class="p">]),</span> <span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">pgm</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">_matmul</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">grid</span><span class="p">](</span>
|
||
<span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">M</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">N</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">K</span><span class="p">,</span> \
|
||
<span class="n">a</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stride</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">a</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stride</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stride</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stride</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stride</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">c</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stride</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">),</span>\
|
||
<span class="n">ACTIVATION</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">activation</span>
|
||
<span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="c1"># done; return the output tensor</span>
|
||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">c</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="unit-test">
|
||
<h2>Unit Test<a class="headerlink" href="#unit-test" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<p>We can test our custom matrix multiplication operation against a native torch implementation (i.e., cuBLAS)</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">manual_seed</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">randn</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">512</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">512</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">device</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'cuda'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">float16</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">b</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">randn</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="mi">512</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">512</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">device</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'cuda'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">float16</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">c_0</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">matmul</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">activation</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">None</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">c_1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">matmul</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_0</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_1</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="nb">print</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">triton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">testing</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">allclose</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">c_0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">c_1</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p class="sphx-glr-script-out">Out:</p>
|
||
<div class="sphx-glr-script-out highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>tensor([[ 1.1045, -36.9688, 31.4688, ..., -11.3984, 24.4531, -32.3438],
|
||
[ 6.3555, -19.6094, 34.0938, ..., -5.8945, 5.2891, 6.8867],
|
||
[-32.0625, 5.9492, 15.3984, ..., -21.3906, -23.9844, -10.1328],
|
||
...,
|
||
[ -5.7031, 7.4492, 8.2656, ..., -10.6953, -40.0000, 17.7500],
|
||
[ 25.5000, 24.3281, -8.4688, ..., -18.9375, 32.5312, -29.9219],
|
||
[ -5.3477, 4.9844, 11.8906, ..., 5.5898, 6.4023, -17.3125]],
|
||
device='cuda:0', dtype=torch.float16)
|
||
tensor([[ 1.1045, -36.9688, 31.4688, ..., -11.3906, 24.4531, -32.3438],
|
||
[ 6.3516, -19.6094, 34.0938, ..., -5.8906, 5.2812, 6.8828],
|
||
[-32.0625, 5.9531, 15.3984, ..., -21.4062, -23.9844, -10.1328],
|
||
...,
|
||
[ -5.7070, 7.4492, 8.2656, ..., -10.6953, -40.0000, 17.7500],
|
||
[ 25.5000, 24.3438, -8.4609, ..., -18.9375, 32.5312, -29.9219],
|
||
[ -5.3477, 4.9805, 11.8828, ..., 5.5859, 6.4023, -17.3125]],
|
||
device='cuda:0', dtype=torch.float16)
|
||
tensor(True, device='cuda:0')
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="section" id="benchmark">
|
||
<h2>Benchmark<a class="headerlink" href="#benchmark" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
|
||
<div class="section" id="square-matrix-performance">
|
||
<h3>Square Matrix Performance<a class="headerlink" href="#square-matrix-performance" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3>
|
||
<p>We can now compare the performance of our kernel against that of cuBLAS. Here we focus on square matrices, but feel free to arrange this script as you wish to benchmark any other matrix shape.</p>
|
||
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nd">@triton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">testing</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">perf_report</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
<span class="n">triton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">testing</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Benchmark</span><span class="p">(</span>
|
||
<span class="n">x_names</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'M'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'N'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'K'</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="c1"># argument names to use as an x-axis for the plot</span>
|
||
<span class="n">x_vals</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">128</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">i</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="nb">range</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">33</span><span class="p">)],</span> <span class="c1"># different possible values for `x_name`</span>
|
||
<span class="n">line_arg</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'provider'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c1"># argument name whose value corresponds to a different line in the plot</span>
|
||
<span class="n">line_vals</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s1">'cublas'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'cublas + relu'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'triton'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'triton + relu'</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="c1"># possible values for `line_arg``</span>
|
||
<span class="n">line_names</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="s2">"cuBLAS"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"cuBLAS (+ torch.nn.LeakyReLU)"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"Triton"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s2">"Triton (+ LeakyReLU)"</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="c1"># label name for the lines</span>
|
||
<span class="n">styles</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[(</span><span class="s1">'green'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'-'</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'green'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'--'</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'blue'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'-'</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'blue'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'--'</span><span class="p">)],</span> <span class="c1"># line styles</span>
|
||
<span class="n">ylabel</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"TFLOPS"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c1"># label name for the y-axis</span>
|
||
<span class="n">plot_name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"matmul-performance"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="c1"># name for the plot. Used also as a file name for saving the plot.</span>
|
||
<span class="n">args</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">{}</span>
|
||
<span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">benchmark</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">N</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">K</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">provider</span><span class="p">):</span>
|
||
<span class="n">a</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">randn</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">M</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">K</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">device</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'cuda'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">float16</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">b</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">randn</span><span class="p">((</span><span class="n">K</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">N</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">device</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'cuda'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">dtype</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">float16</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">provider</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">'cublas'</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="n">ms</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">min_ms</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">max_ms</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">triton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">testing</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">do_bench</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">lambda</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">matmul</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">provider</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">'triton'</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="n">ms</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">min_ms</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">max_ms</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">triton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">testing</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">do_bench</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">lambda</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">matmul</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">provider</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">'cublas + relu'</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="n">torch_relu</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">nn</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">ReLU</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">inplace</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="n">ms</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">min_ms</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">max_ms</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">triton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">testing</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">do_bench</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">lambda</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">torch_relu</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">torch</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">matmul</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)))</span>
|
||
<span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">provider</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">'triton + relu'</span><span class="p">:</span>
|
||
<span class="n">ms</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">min_ms</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">max_ms</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">triton</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">testing</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">do_bench</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">lambda</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">matmul</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">a</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">b</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">activation</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">leaky_relu</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||
<span class="n">perf</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="k">lambda</span> <span class="n">ms</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">2</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">M</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">N</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">K</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mf">1e-12</span> <span class="o">/</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ms</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mf">1e-3</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
<span class="k">return</span> <span class="n">perf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">ms</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">perf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">max_ms</span><span class="p">),</span> <span class="n">perf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">min_ms</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<span class="n">benchmark</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">run</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">show_plots</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">print_data</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<img alt="03 matrix multiplication" class="sphx-glr-single-img" src="../../_images/sphx_glr_03-matrix-multiplication_001.png" />
|
||
<p class="sphx-glr-script-out">Out:</p>
|
||
<div class="sphx-glr-script-out highlight-none notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>matmul-performance:
|
||
M cuBLAS ... Triton Triton (+ LeakyReLU)
|
||
0 128.0 0.455111 ... 0.512000 0.512000
|
||
1 256.0 2.730667 ... 3.276800 2.978909
|
||
2 384.0 7.372800 ... 8.507077 7.899428
|
||
3 512.0 14.563555 ... 15.420235 15.420235
|
||
4 640.0 22.260869 ... 24.380953 24.380953
|
||
5 768.0 32.768000 ... 34.028308 34.028308
|
||
6 896.0 37.971025 ... 39.025776 37.971025
|
||
7 1024.0 49.932191 ... 52.428801 52.428801
|
||
8 1152.0 44.566925 ... 45.938215 45.938215
|
||
9 1280.0 51.200001 ... 56.109587 56.109587
|
||
10 1408.0 64.138541 ... 64.902096 64.902096
|
||
11 1536.0 80.430545 ... 75.296679 75.296679
|
||
12 1664.0 63.372618 ... 61.636381 61.636381
|
||
13 1792.0 72.983276 ... 68.533074 68.533074
|
||
14 1920.0 66.782607 ... 66.782607 70.172588
|
||
15 2048.0 73.908442 ... 75.915006 75.573044
|
||
16 2176.0 81.803444 ... 79.855747 79.540109
|
||
17 2304.0 68.251065 ... 72.607513 72.387489
|
||
18 2432.0 71.125224 ... 79.813818 79.362895
|
||
19 2560.0 77.649287 ... 76.382283 76.204654
|
||
20 2688.0 82.823267 ... 82.642823 85.051697
|
||
21 2816.0 81.827785 ... 78.726003 78.726003
|
||
22 2944.0 81.698415 ... 80.251257 79.737653
|
||
23 3072.0 82.420822 ... 84.892208 83.886078
|
||
24 3200.0 84.099871 ... 89.012517 84.099871
|
||
25 3328.0 82.653612 ... 82.275764 82.181847
|
||
26 3456.0 80.300370 ... 82.183044 86.042231
|
||
27 3584.0 87.381330 ... 91.938029 84.586450
|
||
28 3712.0 84.301560 ... 82.902362 80.692524
|
||
29 3840.0 83.402717 ... 86.535214 87.011801
|
||
30 3968.0 92.864488 ... 85.510815 84.328915
|
||
31 4096.0 93.727466 ... 88.768339 84.894196
|
||
|
||
[32 rows x 5 columns]
|
||
</pre></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<p class="sphx-glr-timing"><strong>Total running time of the script:</strong> ( 2 minutes 7.920 seconds)</p>
|
||
<div class="sphx-glr-footer class sphx-glr-footer-example docutils container" id="sphx-glr-download-getting-started-tutorials-03-matrix-multiplication-py">
|
||
<div class="sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-python docutils container">
|
||
<p><a class="reference download internal" download="" href="../../_downloads/d5fee5b55a64e47f1b5724ec39adf171/03-matrix-multiplication.py"><code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Download</span> <span class="pre">Python</span> <span class="pre">source</span> <span class="pre">code:</span> <span class="pre">03-matrix-multiplication.py</span></code></a></p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="sphx-glr-download sphx-glr-download-jupyter docutils container">
|
||
<p><a class="reference download internal" download="" href="../../_downloads/b51b68bc1c6b1a5e509f67800b6235af/03-matrix-multiplication.ipynb"><code class="xref download docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Download</span> <span class="pre">Jupyter</span> <span class="pre">notebook:</span> <span class="pre">03-matrix-multiplication.ipynb</span></code></a></p>
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