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											2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
										 |  |  |  | --- | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | id: 5a24c314108439a4d4036169 | 
					
						
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											2021-03-05 08:43:24 -07:00
										 |  |  |  | title: 将 Props 传递给无状态函数组件 | 
					
						
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											2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
										 |  |  |  | challengeType: 6 | 
					
						
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											2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
										 |  |  |  | forumTopicId: 301402 | 
					
						
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											2021-01-13 03:31:00 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | dashedName: pass-props-to-a-stateless-functional-component | 
					
						
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											2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
										 |  |  |  | --- | 
					
						
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											2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
										 |  |  |  | # --description--
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											2021-03-05 08:43:24 -07:00
										 |  |  |  | 之前的挑战涵盖了关于在 React 中创建和组合 JSX 元素、函数组件和 ES6 风格的类组件的很多内容。 有了这个基础,现在是时候看看 React 中的另一个常见特性 **props** 了。 在 React 中,可以将属性传递给子组件。 假设有一个 `App` 组件,该组件渲染了一个名为 `Welcome` 的子组件,它是一个无状态函数组件。 可以通过以下方式给 `Welcome` 传递一个 `user` 属性: | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | ```jsx | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | <App> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   <Welcome user='Mark' /> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | </App> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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											2021-03-05 08:43:24 -07:00
										 |  |  |  | 可以把创建的 React 支持的**自定义 HTML 属性**传递给组件, 在上面的例子里,将创建的属性 `user` 传递给组件 `Welcome`。 由于 `Welcome` 是一个无状态函数组件,它可以像这样访问该值: | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | ```jsx | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | const Welcome = (props) => <h1>Hello, {props.user}!</h1> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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											2021-03-05 08:43:24 -07:00
										 |  |  |  | 调用 `props` 这个值是常见做法,当处理无状态函数组件时,基本上可以将其视为返回 JSX 的函数的参数。 这样,你就可以在函数体中访问该值。 但对于类组件,访问方式会略有不同。 | 
					
						
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											2020-09-18 00:13:42 +08:00
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											2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
										 |  |  |  | # --instructions--
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											2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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											2021-03-05 08:43:24 -07:00
										 |  |  |  | 代码编辑器中有 `Calendar` 和 `CurrentDate` 组件。 从 `Calendar` 组件渲染 `CurrentDate` 时,从 JavaScript 的 `Date` 对象分配当前日期,并将其作为 `date` 属性传入。 然后访问 `CurrentDate` 组件的 `prop`,并在 `p` 标签中显示其值。 请注意,要将 `prop` 的值视为 JavaScript,必须将它们括在花括号中,例如`date={Date()}`。 | 
					
						
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											2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
										 |  |  |  | # --hints--
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										 |  |  |  | `Calendar` 组件应该返回单个 `div` 元素。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | assert( | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   (function () { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(Calendar)); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     return mockedComponent.children().type() === 'div'; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   })() | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | `Calendar` 组件的第二个子元素应该是 `CurrentDate` 组件。 | 
					
						
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											2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
										 |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | assert( | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   (function () { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(Calendar)); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     return mockedComponent.children().childAt(1).name() === 'CurrentDate'; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   })() | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ); | 
					
						
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											2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
										 |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | `CurrentDate` 组件应该有一个名为 `date` 的属性。 | 
					
						
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											2020-12-16 00:37:30 -07:00
										 |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | assert( | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   (function () { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(Calendar)); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     return mockedComponent.children().childAt(1).props().date; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   })() | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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											2018-10-10 18:03:03 -04:00
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										 |  |  |  | `CurrentDate` 的 `date` 属性应该包含一段文本字符串。 | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | assert( | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   (function () { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(Calendar)); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     const prop = mockedComponent.children().childAt(1).props().date; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     return typeof prop === 'string' && prop.length > 0; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   })() | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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											2021-06-02 19:46:30 +09:00
										 |  |  |  | `date` 属性应该通过调用 `Date()` 生成。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | assert(/<CurrentDatedate={Date\(\)}\/>/.test(__helpers.removeWhiteSpace(code))); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | `CurrentDate` 组件应该把 `date` 属性渲染在 `p` 标签内。 | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ```js | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | let date = 'dummy date'; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | assert( | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   (function () { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount( | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       React.createElement(CurrentDate, { date }) | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |     ); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  |     return mockedComponent.find('p').html().includes(date); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   })() | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ); | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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											2020-08-13 17:24:35 +02:00
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											2021-01-13 03:31:00 +01:00
										 |  |  |  | # --seed--
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							|  |  |  |  | ## --after-user-code--
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							|  |  |  |  | ```jsx | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ReactDOM.render(<Calendar />, document.getElementById('root')) | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | ## --seed-contents--
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							|  |  |  |  | ```jsx | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | const CurrentDate = (props) => { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   return ( | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     <div> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       { /* Change code below this line */ } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       <p>The current date is: </p> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       { /* Change code above this line */ } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     </div> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   ); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | }; | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | class Calendar extends React.Component { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   constructor(props) { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     super(props); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   render() { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     return ( | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       <div> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |         <h3>What date is it?</h3> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |         { /* Change code below this line */ } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |         <CurrentDate /> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |         { /* Change code above this line */ } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       </div> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     ); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | }; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` | 
					
						
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										 |  |  |  | # --solutions--
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										 |  |  |  | ```jsx | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | const CurrentDate = (props) => { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   return ( | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     <div> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       { /* Change code below this line */ } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       <p>The current date is: {props.date}</p> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       { /* Change code above this line */ } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     </div> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   ); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | }; | 
					
						
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							|  |  |  |  | class Calendar extends React.Component { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   constructor(props) { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     super(props); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   render() { | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     return ( | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       <div> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |         <h3>What date is it?</h3> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |         { /* Change code below this line */ } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |         <CurrentDate date={Date()} /> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |         { /* Change code above this line */ } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |       </div> | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |     ); | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  |   } | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | }; | 
					
						
							|  |  |  |  | ``` |