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fixed typos (#35736)

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Rajiv Ranjan Singh
2019-04-27 03:51:52 +05:30
committed by Christopher McCormack
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guide/english/computer-hardware/motherboard/index.md
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@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ title: Motherboard
---
## Motherboard
The motherboard is the connecting layer that allows a computer's components to interact with each other. The motherboard typically has connections for Random Access Memory (RAM), a Hard Disk Drive (HDD), a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), and a Central Processing Unit (CPU). In desktops, the motherboard is a physical board to which all of these components are connected. However, in laptops, the motherboard typically has some of these components integrated due to space constraints. As a result, laptop parts are often more difficult to replace and service while desktop components can be expanded with cards and upgraded parts since they are not generally intregrated onto the motherboard.
The motherboard is the connecting layer that allows a computer's components to interact with each other. The motherboard typically has connections for Random Access Memory (RAM), a Hard Disk Drive (HDD), a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), and a Central Processing Unit (CPU). In desktops, the motherboard is a physical board to which all of these components are connected. However, in laptops, the motherboard typically has some of these components integrated due to space constraints. As a result, laptop parts are often more difficult to replace and service while desktop components can be expanded with cards and upgraded parts since they are not generally integrated onto the motherboard.
A motherboard provides power and connectivity to the computer's components, and acts as the switchboard for all inter-component communications. If the CPU needs to process information that is stored in RAM, for example, the motherboard provides a connection between the CPU and RAM, called the memory bus, to allow for data access. A motherboard includes buses for expansion cards (including the GPU), RAM, and hard drives.
A motherboard provides power and connectivity to the computer's components and acts as the switchboard for all inter-component communications. If the CPU needs to process information that is stored in RAM, for example, the motherboard provides a connection between the CPU and RAM, called the memory bus, to allow for data access. A motherboard includes buses for expansion cards (including the GPU), RAM, and hard drives.
Common manufacturers of motherboards include INTEL, ASUS, ACER, GIGABYTE, IBM, SIMMTRONICS and many more.
@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ If you were to open up your computer and take out the motherboard, you would pro
To understand how computers work, you don't need to know every single part of the motherboard. However, it is good to know some of the more important parts and how the motherboard connects the various parts of a computer system together. Here are some of the typical parts:
- A CPU socket - the actual CPU is directly soldered onto the socket. Since high speed CPUs generate a lot of heat, there are heat sinks and mounting points for fans right next to the CPU socket.
- A CPU socket - the actual CPU is directly soldered onto the socket. Since high-speed CPUs generate a lot of heat, there are heat sinks and mounting points for fans right next to the CPU socket.
- Take note that a CPU socket type must match with the motherboards socket to work. Socket types usually change every few generations and it also varies per label (consumer-grade CPUs, brands, HEDT, server CPUs)
- A power connector to distribute power to the CPU and other components from the power supply.
- Slots for the system's main memory, typically in the form of DRAM chips.
@ -33,16 +33,16 @@ Additional slots to connect hardware in the form of Peripheral Component Interco
## Types of Motherboards
Motherboards come in different sizes, known as form factors. The most common motherboard form factor is ATX for desktop computers. A smaller variant of the ATX motherboard form factor is known as micro-ATX (sometimes shown as µATX, mini-ATX, FlexATX, EATX, WATX, nano-ATX, pico-ATX, and mobileATX). For laptops and portable computers, the ATX form factor may be modified to fit in a smaller and slimmer case, though a similar set of chips, ports and sockets may remain. Additionally, many popular single board computers (SBCs) such as the Raspberry Pi have their own unique motherboard form factor not based on the ATX standard. There are also a number of other variations.
Additionally there can be even smaller boards like the raspberry pi, which are 65mm by 35mm and have all processing units integrated to the board. There are many others that are even more specific in function, such as an Aurdino board. These are typically limited in I/O, have no expansion slots aside from whatever expansion is offered via USB ports, and some display ports like HDMI or similar variants. These are used for small emulator projects, running small servers, or as an alternative to slim client devices in an office.
Additionally, there can be even smaller boards like the raspberry pi, which are 65mm by 35mm and have all processing units integrated to the board. There are many others that are even more specific in function, such as an Arduino board. These are typically limited in I/O, have no expansion slots aside from whatever expansion is offered via USB ports, and some display ports like HDMI or similar variants. These are used for small emulator projects, running small servers, or as an alternative to slim client devices in an office.
### Different Types of Motherboards
- AT Motherboards
The oldest of the main boards, these motherboards were used in earlier 286/386 or 486 computers. The AT means the board consists of advanced technology(AT) power connectors. There are two power connectors of 6 pin each mounted on the AT motherboards. The AT motherboards were available in the early 80’s.
The oldest of the main boards, these motherboards were used in earlier 286/386 or 486 computers. The AT means the board consists of advanced technology(AT) power connectors. There are two power connectors of 6 pin each mounted on the AT motherboards. The AT motherboards were available in the early ’80s.
![AT Motherboards](http://www.it4nextgen.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/motherboard-486.jpg)
- ATX Motherboards
The ATX motherboards started in 90’s and are still available. The ATX connector on the motherboard consists of a single connector. These boards are used for P2/P3 or P/4 processors.
The ATX motherboards started in the ’90s and are still available. The ATX connector on the motherboard consists of a single connector. These boards are used for P2/P3 or P/4 processors.
* Motherboard for P1/P2 processors: