Files
Shaun Hamilton c2a11ad00d feat: add 'back/front end' in curriculum (#42596)
* chore: rename APIs and Microservices to include "Backend" (#42515)

* fix typo

* fix typo

* undo change

* Corrected grammar mistake

Corrected a grammar mistake by removing a comma.

* change APIs and Microservices cert title

* update title

* Change APIs and Microservices certi title

* Update translations.json

* update title

* feat(curriculum): rename apis and microservices cert

* rename folder structure

* rename certificate

* rename learn Markdown

* apis-and-microservices -> back-end-development-and-apis

* update backend meta

* update i18n langs and cypress test

Co-authored-by: Shaun Hamilton <shauhami020@gmail.com>

* fix: add development to front-end libraries (#42512)

* fix: added-the-word-Development-to-front-end-libraries

* fix/added-the-word-Development-to-front-end-libraries

* fix/added-word-development-to-front-end-libraries-in-other-related-files

* fix/added-the-word-Development-to-front-end-and-all-related-files

* fix/removed-typos-from-last-commit-in-index.md

* fix/reverted-changes-that-i-made-to-dependecies

* fix/removed xvfg

* fix/reverted changes that i made to package.json

* remove unwanted changes

* front-end-development-libraries changes

* rename backend certSlug and README

* update i18n folder names and keys

* test: add legacy path redirect tests

This uses serve.json from the client-config repo, since we currently use
that in production

* fix: create public dir before moving serve.json

* fix: add missing script

* refactor: collect redirect tests

* test: convert to cy.location for stricter tests

* rename certificate folder to 00-certificates

* change crowdin config to recognise new certificates location

* allow translations to be used

Co-authored-by: Nicholas Carrigan (he/him) <nhcarrigan@gmail.com>

* add forwards slashes to path redirects

* fix cypress path tests again

* plese cypress

* fix: test different challenge

Okay so I literally have no idea why this one particular challenge
fails in Cypress Firefox ONLY. Tom and I paired and spun a full build
instance and confirmed in Firefox the page loads and redirects as
expected. Changing to another bootstrap challenge passes Cypress firefox
locally. Absolutely boggled by this.

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

* fix: separate the test

Okay apparently the test does not work unless we separate it into
a different `it` statement.

>:( >:( >:( >:(

Co-authored-by: Sujal Gupta <55016909+heysujal@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Noor Fakhry <65724923+NoorFakhry@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Oliver Eyton-Williams <ojeytonwilliams@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Nicholas Carrigan (he/him) <nhcarrigan@gmail.com>
2021-08-13 21:57:13 -05:00

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---
id: 5a24c314108439a4d4036170
title: 创建一个有状态的组件
challengeType: 6
forumTopicId: 301391
dashedName: create-a-stateful-component
---
# --description--
React 中最重要的主题之一是 `state`。 state 包含应用程序需要了解的任何数据,这些数据可能会随时间而变化。 应用程序能够响应 state 的变更,并在必要时显示更新后的 UI。 React 为现代 Web 应用程序的状态管理提供了一个很好的解决方案。
可以在类组件的 `constructor` 上声明 `state` 属性来在 React 组件中创建 state 它在创建时使用 `state` 初始化组件。 `state` 属性必须设置为 JavaScript `object`(对象)。 声明如下:
```jsx
this.state = {
}
```
可以在组件的整个生命周期内访问 `state` 对象, 可以更新它、在 UI 中渲染它,也可以将其作为 props 传递给子组件。 `state` 对象的使用可以很简单,亦可以很复杂,就看你怎么用了。 请注意,必须通过扩展 `React.Component` 来创建类组件,以便像这样创建 `state`
# --instructions--
代码编辑器中有一个组件试图从其 `state` 中渲染一个 `name` 属性, 但是 `state` 还没有定义。 在 `constructor` 中使用 `state` 初始化组件,并将你的名字赋给 `name` 属性。
# --hints--
`StatefulComponent` 应该存在并被渲染。
```js
assert(
(function () {
const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(
React.createElement(StatefulComponent)
);
return mockedComponent.find('StatefulComponent').length === 1;
})()
);
```
`StatefulComponent` 应该渲染一个 `div` 元素和一个 `h1` 元素。
```js
assert(
(function () {
const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(
React.createElement(StatefulComponent)
);
return (
mockedComponent.find('div').length === 1 &&
mockedComponent.find('h1').length === 1
);
})()
);
```
应使用被设置为字符串的 `name` 属性来初始化 `StatefulComponent` 的 state。
```js
assert(
(function () {
const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(
React.createElement(StatefulComponent)
);
const initialState = mockedComponent.state();
return (
typeof initialState === 'object' && typeof initialState.name === 'string'
);
})()
);
```
`StatefulComponent` 中 state 的 `name` 属性应该渲染在 `h1` 元素里。
```js
assert(
(function () {
const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(
React.createElement(StatefulComponent)
);
const initialState = mockedComponent.state();
return mockedComponent.find('h1').text() === initialState.name;
})()
);
```
# --seed--
## --after-user-code--
```jsx
ReactDOM.render(<StatefulComponent />, document.getElementById('root'))
```
## --seed-contents--
```jsx
class StatefulComponent extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
// Only change code below this line
// Only change code above this line
}
render() {
return (
<div>
<h1>{this.state.name}</h1>
</div>
);
}
};
```
# --solutions--
```jsx
class StatefulComponent extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = {
name: 'freeCodeCamp!'
}
}
render() {
return (
<div>
<h1>{this.state.name}</h1>
</div>
);
}
};
```