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freeCodeCamp/curriculum/challenges/chinese/03-front-end-development-libraries/react/use-the-lifecycle-method-componentdidmount.md
Shaun Hamilton c2a11ad00d feat: add 'back/front end' in curriculum (#42596)
* chore: rename APIs and Microservices to include "Backend" (#42515)

* fix typo

* fix typo

* undo change

* Corrected grammar mistake

Corrected a grammar mistake by removing a comma.

* change APIs and Microservices cert title

* update title

* Change APIs and Microservices certi title

* Update translations.json

* update title

* feat(curriculum): rename apis and microservices cert

* rename folder structure

* rename certificate

* rename learn Markdown

* apis-and-microservices -> back-end-development-and-apis

* update backend meta

* update i18n langs and cypress test

Co-authored-by: Shaun Hamilton <shauhami020@gmail.com>

* fix: add development to front-end libraries (#42512)

* fix: added-the-word-Development-to-front-end-libraries

* fix/added-the-word-Development-to-front-end-libraries

* fix/added-word-development-to-front-end-libraries-in-other-related-files

* fix/added-the-word-Development-to-front-end-and-all-related-files

* fix/removed-typos-from-last-commit-in-index.md

* fix/reverted-changes-that-i-made-to-dependecies

* fix/removed xvfg

* fix/reverted changes that i made to package.json

* remove unwanted changes

* front-end-development-libraries changes

* rename backend certSlug and README

* update i18n folder names and keys

* test: add legacy path redirect tests

This uses serve.json from the client-config repo, since we currently use
that in production

* fix: create public dir before moving serve.json

* fix: add missing script

* refactor: collect redirect tests

* test: convert to cy.location for stricter tests

* rename certificate folder to 00-certificates

* change crowdin config to recognise new certificates location

* allow translations to be used

Co-authored-by: Nicholas Carrigan (he/him) <nhcarrigan@gmail.com>

* add forwards slashes to path redirects

* fix cypress path tests again

* plese cypress

* fix: test different challenge

Okay so I literally have no idea why this one particular challenge
fails in Cypress Firefox ONLY. Tom and I paired and spun a full build
instance and confirmed in Firefox the page loads and redirects as
expected. Changing to another bootstrap challenge passes Cypress firefox
locally. Absolutely boggled by this.

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

* fix: separate the test

Okay apparently the test does not work unless we separate it into
a different `it` statement.

>:( >:( >:( >:(

Co-authored-by: Sujal Gupta <55016909+heysujal@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Noor Fakhry <65724923+NoorFakhry@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Oliver Eyton-Williams <ojeytonwilliams@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Nicholas Carrigan (he/him) <nhcarrigan@gmail.com>
2021-08-13 21:57:13 -05:00

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---
id: 5a24c314108439a4d403617d
title: 使用生命周期方法componentDidMount
challengeType: 6
forumTopicId: 301422
dashedName: use-the-lifecycle-method-componentdidmount
---
# --description--
某些时候,大多数 web 开发人员需要调用 API 接口来获取数据。 如果正在使用 React知道在哪里执行这个动作是很重要的。
React 的最佳实践是在生命周期方法 `componentDidMount()` 中对服务器进行 API 调用或任何其它调用。 将组件装载到 DOM 后会调用此方法。 此处对 `setState()` 的任何调用都将触发组件的重新渲染。 在此方法中调用 API 并用 API 返回的数据设置 state 时,一旦收到数据,它将自动触发更新。
# --instructions--
`componentDidMount()` 中有一个模拟 API 调用。 它在 2.5 秒后设置 state以模拟调用服务器检索数据。 本示例请求站点的当前活动用户总数。 在 render 方法中,把 `activeUsers` 渲染到文字 `Active Users:` 后的 `h1` 标签中。 观看预览中发生的事情,随意更改超时时间以查看不同的效果。
# --hints--
`MyComponent` 应该渲染一个包含 `h1` 标签的 `div` 元素。
```js
assert(
(() => {
const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyComponent));
return (
mockedComponent.find('div').length === 1 &&
mockedComponent.find('h1').length === 1
);
})()
);
```
组件 state 应该用 `componentDidMount` 中的延时函数来更新。
```js
assert(
(() => {
const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyComponent));
return new RegExp('setTimeout(.|\n)+setState(.|\n)+activeUsers').test(
String(mockedComponent.instance().componentDidMount)
);
})()
);
```
`h1` 标签应该从 `MyComponent` 的 state 渲染 `activeUsers` 值。
```js
(() => {
const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyComponent));
const first = () => {
mockedComponent.setState({ activeUsers: 1237 });
return mockedComponent.find('h1').text();
};
const second = () => {
mockedComponent.setState({ activeUsers: 1000 });
return mockedComponent.find('h1').text();
};
assert(new RegExp('1237').test(first()) && new RegExp('1000').test(second()));
})();
```
# --seed--
## --after-user-code--
```jsx
ReactDOM.render(<MyComponent />, document.getElementById('root'));
```
## --seed-contents--
```jsx
class MyComponent extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = {
activeUsers: null
};
}
componentDidMount() {
setTimeout(() => {
this.setState({
activeUsers: 1273
});
}, 2500);
}
render() {
return (
<div>
{/* Change code below this line */}
<h1>Active Users: </h1>
{/* Change code above this line */}
</div>
);
}
}
```
# --solutions--
```jsx
class MyComponent extends React.Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = {
activeUsers: null
};
}
componentDidMount() {
setTimeout(() => {
this.setState({
activeUsers: 1273
});
}, 2500);
}
render() {
return (
<div>
<h1>Active Users: {this.state.activeUsers}</h1>
</div>
);
}
}
```