113 lines
		
	
	
		
			3.3 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Markdown
		
	
	
	
	
	
			
		
		
	
	
			113 lines
		
	
	
		
			3.3 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Markdown
		
	
	
	
	
	
| ---
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| id: 587d7b8e367417b2b2512b5c
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| title: 了解函数式编程术语
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| challengeType: 1
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| forumTopicId: 301240
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| dashedName: understand-functional-programming-terminology
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| ---
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| 
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| # --description--
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| 
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| FCC 团队需求有变更,现在想要两种茶:绿茶(green tea)和红茶(black tea)。 事实证明,用户需求变更是很常见的。
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| 
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| 基于以上信息,我们需要重构上一节挑战中的 `getTea` 函数来处理多种茶的请求。 我们可以修改 `getTea` 接受一个函数作为参数,使它能够修改茶的类型。 这让 `getTea` 更灵活,也使需求变更时为程序员提供更多控制权。
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| 
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| 首先,我们将介绍一些术语:
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| 
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| <dfn>Callbacks</dfn> 是被传递到另一个函数中调用的函数。 你应该已经在其他函数中看过这个写法,例如在 `filter` 中,回调函数告诉 JavaScript 以什么规则过滤数组。
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| 
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| 函数就像其他正常值一样,可以赋值给变量、传递给另一个函数,或从其它函数返回,这种函数叫做头等 <dfn>first class</dfn> 函数。 在 JavaScript 中,所有函数都是头等函数。
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| 
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| 将函数为参数或返回值的函数叫做高阶 ( <dfn>higher order</dfn>) 函数。
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| 
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| 当函数被传递给另一个函数或从另一个函数返回时,那些传入或返回的函数可以叫做 <dfn>lambda</dfn>。
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| 
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| # --instructions--
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| 
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| 准备 27 杯绿茶和 13 杯红茶,分别存入 `tea4GreenTeamFCC` 和 `tea4BlackTeamFCC` 变量。 请注意,`getTea` 函数已经变了,现在它接收一个函数作为第一个参数。
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| 
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| 注意:数据(茶的数量)作为最后一个参数。 我们将在后面的课程中对此进行更多讨论。
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| 
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| # --hints--
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| 
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| `tea4GreenTeamFCC` 变量应存有为团队准备的 27 杯茶。
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| 
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| ```js
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| assert(tea4GreenTeamFCC.length === 27);
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| ```
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| 
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| `tea4GreenTeamFCC` 变量应存有绿茶。
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| 
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| ```js
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| assert(tea4GreenTeamFCC[0] === 'greenTea');
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| ```
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| 
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| `tea4BlackTeamFCC` 变量应存有 13 杯红茶。
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| 
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| ```js
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| assert(tea4BlackTeamFCC.length === 13);
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| ```
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| 
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| `tea4BlackTeamFCC` 变量应存有红茶。
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| 
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| ```js
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| assert(tea4BlackTeamFCC[0] === 'blackTea');
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| ```
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| 
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| # --seed--
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| 
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| ## --seed-contents--
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| 
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| ```js
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| // Function that returns a string representing a cup of green tea
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| const prepareGreenTea = () => 'greenTea';
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| 
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| // Function that returns a string representing a cup of black tea
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| const prepareBlackTea = () => 'blackTea';
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| 
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| /*
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| Given a function (representing the tea type) and number of cups needed, the
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| following function returns an array of strings (each representing a cup of
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| a specific type of tea).
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| */
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| const getTea = (prepareTea, numOfCups) => {
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|   const teaCups = [];
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| 
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|   for(let cups = 1; cups <= numOfCups; cups += 1) {
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|     const teaCup = prepareTea();
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|     teaCups.push(teaCup);
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|   }
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|   return teaCups;
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| };
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| 
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| // Only change code below this line
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| const tea4GreenTeamFCC = null;
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| const tea4BlackTeamFCC = null;
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| // Only change code above this line
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| 
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| console.log(
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|   tea4GreenTeamFCC,
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|   tea4BlackTeamFCC
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| );
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| ```
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| 
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| # --solutions--
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| 
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| ```js
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| const prepareGreenTea = () => 'greenTea';
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| const prepareBlackTea = () => 'blackTea';
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| 
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| const getTea = (prepareTea, numOfCups) => {
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|   const teaCups = [];
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| 
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|   for(let cups = 1; cups <= numOfCups; cups += 1) {
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|     const teaCup = prepareTea();
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|     teaCups.push(teaCup);
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|   }
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|   return teaCups;
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| };
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| 
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| const tea4BlackTeamFCC = getTea(prepareBlackTea, 13);
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| const tea4GreenTeamFCC = getTea(prepareGreenTea, 27);
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| ```
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