* feat(tools): add seed/solution restore script * chore(curriculum): remove empty sections' markers * chore(curriculum): add seed + solution to Chinese * chore: remove old formatter * fix: update getChallenges parse translated challenges separately, without reference to the source * chore(curriculum): add dashedName to English * chore(curriculum): add dashedName to Chinese * refactor: remove unused challenge property 'name' * fix: relax dashedName requirement * fix: stray tag Remove stray `pre` tag from challenge file. Signed-off-by: nhcarrigan <nhcarrigan@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: nhcarrigan <nhcarrigan@gmail.com>
160 lines
3.7 KiB
Markdown
160 lines
3.7 KiB
Markdown
---
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id: 587d7b8c367417b2b2512b54
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title: 使用 getter 和 setter 来控制对象的访问
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challengeType: 1
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forumTopicId: 301220
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dashedName: use-getters-and-setters-to-control-access-to-an-object
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---
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# --description--
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你可以从对象中获得一个值,也可以给对象的属性赋值。
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这些通常行为被称为 <dfn>getters</dfn> 以及 <dfn>setters</dfn>。
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Getter 函数的作用是可以让对象返回一个私有变量,而不需要直接去访问私有变量。
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Setter 函数的作用是可以基于传进的参数来修改对象中私有变量。这些修改可以是计算,或者是直接替换之前的值。
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```js
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class Book {
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constructor(author) {
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this._author = author;
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}
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// getter
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get writer() {
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return this._author;
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}
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// setter
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set writer(updatedAuthor) {
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this._author = updatedAuthor;
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}
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}
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const lol = new Book('anonymous');
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console.log(lol.writer); // anonymous
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lol.writer = 'wut';
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console.log(lol.writer); // wut
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```
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注意我们调用 getter 和 setter 的语法,它们看起来并不像一个函数调用。 Getter 和 Setter 非常重要,因为它们隐藏了内部的实现细节。
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**注意:** 通常会在私有变量前添加下划线(`_`)。这里并没有真正意义上让变量私有。
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# --instructions--
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使用`class`关键字来创建`Thermostat`类,它的构造函数应该可以接收 fahrenheit(华氏温度)作为参数。
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在类中创建 temperature 的 `getter`和`setter`,将温度转换成摄氏温度。
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温度转换的公式是`C = 5/9 * (F - 32)`以及`F = C * 9.0 / 5 + 32`,F 代表华氏温度,C 代表摄氏温度。
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**注意:** 当你实现这个作业的时候,你应当在类中使用一个温度标准,无论是华氏温度还是摄氏温度。
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是时候展现 getter 和 setter 的威力了——无论你的 API 内部使用的是哪种温度标准,用户都能得到正确的结果。
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或者说,你从用户需求中抽象出了实现细节。
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# --hints--
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`Thermostat`应该是一个`class`,并且在其中定义了`constructor`方法。
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```js
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assert(
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typeof Thermostat === 'function' &&
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typeof Thermostat.constructor === 'function'
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);
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```
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应该使用 `class` 关键字。
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```js
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assert(code.match(/class/g));
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```
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`Thermostat`应该可以被实例化。
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```js
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assert(
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(() => {
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const t = new Thermostat(32);
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return typeof t === 'object' && t.temperature === 0;
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})()
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);
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```
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应该定义一个 `getter`。
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```js
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assert(
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(() => {
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const desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(
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Thermostat.prototype,
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'temperature'
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);
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return !!desc && typeof desc.get === 'function';
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})()
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);
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```
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应该定义一个 `setter`。
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```js
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assert(
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(() => {
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const desc = Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(
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Thermostat.prototype,
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'temperature'
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);
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return !!desc && typeof desc.set === 'function';
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})()
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);
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```
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调用 `setter` 应该设置 temperature。
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```js
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assert(
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(() => {
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const t = new Thermostat(32);
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t.temperature = 26;
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return t.temperature !== 0;
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})()
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);
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```
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# --seed--
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## --seed-contents--
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```js
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// Only change code below this line
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// Only change code above this line
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const thermos = new Thermostat(76); // Setting in Fahrenheit scale
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let temp = thermos.temperature; // 24.44 in Celsius
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thermos.temperature = 26;
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temp = thermos.temperature; // 26 in Celsius
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```
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# --solutions--
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```js
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class Thermostat {
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constructor(fahrenheit) {
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this._tempInCelsius = 5/9 * (fahrenheit - 32);
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}
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get temperature(){
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return this._tempInCelsius;
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}
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set temperature(newTemp){
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this._tempInCelsius = newTemp;
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}
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}
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const thermos = new Thermostat(76); // Setting in Fahrenheit scale
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let temp = thermos.temperature; // 24.44 in Celsius
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thermos.temperature = 26;
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temp = thermos.temperature; // 26 in Celsius
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```
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