* feat(tools): add seed/solution restore script * chore(curriculum): remove empty sections' markers * chore(curriculum): add seed + solution to Chinese * chore: remove old formatter * fix: update getChallenges parse translated challenges separately, without reference to the source * chore(curriculum): add dashedName to English * chore(curriculum): add dashedName to Chinese * refactor: remove unused challenge property 'name' * fix: relax dashedName requirement * fix: stray tag Remove stray `pre` tag from challenge file. Signed-off-by: nhcarrigan <nhcarrigan@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: nhcarrigan <nhcarrigan@gmail.com>
144 lines
4.4 KiB
Markdown
144 lines
4.4 KiB
Markdown
---
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id: 5a24c314108439a4d4036173
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title: 用 this.setState 设置状态
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challengeType: 6
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forumTopicId: 301412
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dashedName: set-state-with-this-setstate
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---
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# --description--
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前面的挑战涵盖了组件的`state`以及如何在`constructor`中初始化 state。还有一种方法可以更改组件的`state`,React 提供了`setState`方法来更新组件的`state`。在组件类中调用`setState`方法如下所示:`this.setState()`,传入键值对的对象,其中键是 state 属性,值是更新后的 state 数据。例如,如果我们在 state 中存储`username`,并想要更新它,代码如下所示:
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```jsx
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this.setState({
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username: 'Lewis'
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});
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```
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React 希望你永远不要直接修改`state`,而是在 state 发生改变时始终使用`this.setState()`。此外,你应该注意,React 可以批量处理多个 state 更新以提高性能。这意味着通过`setState`方法进行的 state 更新可以是异步的。`setState`方法有一种替代语法可以解决异步问题,虽然这很少用到,但是最好还是记住它!有关详细信息,请参阅[React 文档](https://facebook.github.io/react/docs/state-and-lifecycle.html)。
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# --instructions--
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代码编辑器中有一个`button`元素,它有一个`onClick()`处理程序。当`button`在浏览器中接收到单击事件时触发此处理程序,并运行`MyComponent`中定义的`handleClick`方法。在`handleClick`方法中,使用`this.setState()`更新组件的`state`。设置`state`中的`name`属性为字符串`React Rocks!`。
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单击按钮查看渲染的 state 的更新。如果你不完全理解单击处理程序代码在此时的工作方式,请不要担心。在接下来的挑战中会有讲述。
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# --hints--
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`MyComponent`的 state 应该使用键值对 `{ name: Initial State }` 来初始化。
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```js
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assert(
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Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyComponent)).state('name') ===
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'Initial State'
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);
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```
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`MyComponent`应该渲染一个`h1`标题。
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```js
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assert(Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyComponent)).find('h1').length === 1);
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```
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渲染的`h1`标题中应该包含一段文本,这段文本是从组件的 state 中渲染出来的。
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```js
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async () => {
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const waitForIt = (fn) =>
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new Promise((resolve, reject) => setTimeout(() => resolve(fn()), 250));
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const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyComponent));
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const first = () => {
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mockedComponent.setState({ name: 'TestName' });
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return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.html());
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};
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const firstValue = await first();
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assert(/<h1>TestName<\/h1>/.test(firstValue));
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};
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```
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调用`MyComponent`的`handleClick`方法应该将 state 的 name 属性设置为`React Rocks!`。
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```js
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async () => {
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const waitForIt = (fn) =>
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new Promise((resolve, reject) => setTimeout(() => resolve(fn()), 250));
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const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyComponent));
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const first = () => {
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mockedComponent.setState({ name: 'Before' });
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return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.state('name'));
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};
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const second = () => {
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mockedComponent.instance().handleClick();
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return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.state('name'));
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};
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const firstValue = await first();
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const secondValue = await second();
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assert(firstValue === 'Before' && secondValue === 'React Rocks!');
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};
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```
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# --seed--
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## --after-user-code--
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```jsx
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ReactDOM.render(<MyComponent />, document.getElementById('root'))
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```
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## --seed-contents--
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```jsx
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class MyComponent extends React.Component {
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constructor(props) {
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super(props);
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this.state = {
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name: 'Initial State'
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};
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this.handleClick = this.handleClick.bind(this);
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}
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handleClick() {
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// Change code below this line
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// Change code above this line
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}
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render() {
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return (
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<div>
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<button onClick={this.handleClick}>Click Me</button>
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<h1>{this.state.name}</h1>
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</div>
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);
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}
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};
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```
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# --solutions--
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```jsx
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class MyComponent extends React.Component {
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constructor(props) {
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super(props);
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this.state = {
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name: 'Initial State'
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};
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this.handleClick = this.handleClick.bind(this);
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}
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handleClick() {
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// Change code below this line
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this.setState({
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name: 'React Rocks!'
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});
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// Change code above this line
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}
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render() {
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return (
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<div>
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<button onClick = {this.handleClick}>Click Me</button>
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<h1>{this.state.name}</h1>
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</div>
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);
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}
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};
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```
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