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freeCodeCamp/curriculum/challenges/chinese/03-front-end-libraries/react/use-state-to-toggle-an-element.md
Oliver Eyton-Williams ee1e8abd87 feat(curriculum): restore seed + solution to Chinese (#40683)
* feat(tools): add seed/solution restore script

* chore(curriculum): remove empty sections' markers

* chore(curriculum): add seed + solution to Chinese

* chore: remove old formatter

* fix: update getChallenges

parse translated challenges separately, without reference to the source

* chore(curriculum): add dashedName to English

* chore(curriculum): add dashedName to Chinese

* refactor: remove unused challenge property 'name'

* fix: relax dashedName requirement

* fix: stray tag

Remove stray `pre` tag from challenge file.

Signed-off-by: nhcarrigan <nhcarrigan@gmail.com>

Co-authored-by: nhcarrigan <nhcarrigan@gmail.com>
2021-01-12 19:31:00 -07:00

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id, title, challengeType, forumTopicId, dashedName
id title challengeType forumTopicId dashedName
5a24c314108439a4d4036176 使用 State 切换元素 6 301421 use-state-to-toggle-an-element

--description--

有时可能在更新状态的时候想知道上一个状态是什么。但是状态更新是异步的,这意味着 React 可能会把多个 setState() 集中在一起批量更新。所以设置 this.state 或者 this.props 后值后可能没有立即更新。所以最好不要写如下的代码:

this.setState({
  counter: this.state.counter + this.props.increment
});

正确的做法是,给 setState 传入一个函数,这个函数可以访问 state 和 props。给 setState 传入函数可以返回赋值后的 state 和 props。代码可以重写为这样

this.setState((state, props) => ({
  counter: state.counter + props.increment
}));

如果只需要 state,那么用下面的格式也是可以的:

this.setState(state => ({
  counter: state.counter + 1
}));

注意一定要把 object 放在括号里,否则 JavaScript 会认为这只是代码片段。

--instructions--

MyComponent有一个初始值为falsevisibility属性。如果visibility的值为 truerender 方法返回一个视图,如果为 false返回另一个视图。

目前,无法更新组件的state中的visibility属性,该值应在 true 和 false 之间来回切换。按钮上有一个单击处理程序,它触发一个名为toggleVisibility()的类方法。定义此方法,以便visibilitystate在调用方法时切换到相反的值。如果visibilityfalse,则该方法将其设置为true,反之亦然。

最后,单击按钮以查看基于其state的组件的条件渲染。

提示: 不要忘记将this关键字绑定到构造函数中的方法上!

--hints--

MyComponent应该返回一个div元素,其中包含一个button元素。

assert.strictEqual(
  Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyComponent)).find('div').find('button')
    .length,
  1
);

MyComponent应该使用设置为falsevisibility属性来初始化其 state。

assert.strictEqual(
  Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyComponent)).state('visibility'),
  false
);

单击按钮元素应在truefalse之间切换visibility属性的状态。

async () => {
  const waitForIt = (fn) =>
    new Promise((resolve, reject) => setTimeout(() => resolve(fn()), 250));
  const mockedComponent = Enzyme.mount(React.createElement(MyComponent));
  const first = () => {
    mockedComponent.setState({ visibility: false });
    return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.state('visibility'));
  };
  const second = () => {
    mockedComponent.find('button').simulate('click');
    return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.state('visibility'));
  };
  const third = () => {
    mockedComponent.find('button').simulate('click');
    return waitForIt(() => mockedComponent.state('visibility'));
  };
  const firstValue = await first();
  const secondValue = await second();
  const thirdValue = await third();
  assert(!firstValue && secondValue && !thirdValue);
};

应该传入setState 一个匿名函数。

const paramRegex = '[a-zA-Z$_]\\w*(,[a-zA-Z$_]\\w*)?';
const noSpaces = code.replace(/\s/g, '');
assert(
  new RegExp(
    'this\\.setState\\((function\\(' +
      paramRegex +
      '\\){|([a-zA-Z$_]\\w*|\\(' +
      paramRegex +
      '\\))=>)'
  ).test(noSpaces)
);

不要在 setState 里面使用 this

assert(!/this\.setState\([^}]*this/.test(code));

--seed--

--after-user-code--

ReactDOM.render(<MyComponent />, document.getElementById('root'));

--seed-contents--

class MyComponent extends React.Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.state = {
      visibility: false
    };
    // Change code below this line

    // Change code above this line
  }
  // Change code below this line

  // Change code above this line
  render() {
    if (this.state.visibility) {
      return (
        <div>
          <button onClick={this.toggleVisibility}>Click Me</button>
          <h1>Now you see me!</h1>
        </div>
      );
    } else {
      return (
        <div>
          <button onClick={this.toggleVisibility}>Click Me</button>
        </div>
      );
    }
  }
}

--solutions--

class MyComponent extends React.Component {
  constructor(props) {
    super(props);
    this.state = {
      visibility: false
    };
    this.toggleVisibility = this.toggleVisibility.bind(this);
  }
  toggleVisibility() {
    this.setState(state => ({
      visibility: !state.visibility
    }));
  }
  render() {
    if (this.state.visibility) {
      return (
        <div>
          <button onClick={this.toggleVisibility}>Click Me</button>
          <h1>Now you see me!</h1>
        </div>
      );
    } else {
      return (
        <div>
          <button onClick={this.toggleVisibility}>Click Me</button>
        </div>
      );
    }
  }
}