freeCodeCamp/curriculum/challenges/english/10-coding-interview-prep/rosetta-code/heronian-triangles.md

id, title, challengeType, forumTopicId, dashedName

id	title	challengeType	forumTopicId	dashedName
595b98f8b5a2245e243aa831	Heronian triangles	5	302285	heronian-triangles

--description--

Hero's formula for the area of a triangle given the length of its three sides a, b, and c is given by:

A = \\sqrt{s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c)},

where s is half the perimeter of the triangle; that is,

s=\\frac{a+b+c}{2}.

Heronian triangles are triangles whose sides and area are all integers.

An example is the triangle with sides 3, 4, 5 whose area is 6 (and whose perimeter is 12).

Note that any triangle whose sides are all an integer multiple of 3, 4, 5; such as 6, 8, 10, will also be a Heronian triangle.

Define a Primitive Heronian triangle as a Heronian triangle where the greatest common divisor

of all three sides is 1 (unity).

This will exclude, for example, triangle 6, 8, 10.

--instructions--

Implement a function based on Hero's formula that returns the first nth ordered triangles in an array of arrays.

--hints--

heronianTriangle should be a function.

assert(typeof heronianTriangle === 'function');

heronianTriangle(10) should return [[3, 4, 5], [5, 5, 6], [5, 5, 8], [4, 13, 15], [5, 12, 13], [9, 10, 17], [3, 25, 26], [7, 15, 20], [10, 13, 13], [8, 15, 17]]

assert.deepEqual(heronianTriangle(testCases[0]), res[0]);

heronianTriangle(15) should return [[3, 4, 5], [5, 5, 6], [5, 5, 8], [4, 13, 15], [5, 12, 13], [9, 10, 17], [3, 25, 26], [7, 15, 20], [10, 13, 13], [8, 15, 17], [13, 13, 24], [6, 25, 29], [11, 13, 20], [5, 29, 30], [13, 14, 15]],

assert.deepEqual(heronianTriangle(testCases[1]), res[1]);

heronianTriangle(20) should return [[3, 4, 5], [5, 5, 6], [5, 5, 8], [4, 13, 15], [5, 12, 13], [9, 10, 17], [3, 25, 26], [7, 15, 20], [10, 13, 13], [8, 15, 17], [13, 13, 24], [6, 25, 29], [11, 13, 20], [5, 29, 30], [13, 14, 15], [10, 17, 21], [7, 24, 25], [8, 29, 35], [12, 17, 25], [4, 51, 53]],

assert.deepEqual(heronianTriangle(testCases[2]), res[2]);

heronianTriangle(25) should return [[3, 4, 5], [5, 5, 6], [5, 5, 8], [4, 13, 15], [5, 12, 13], [9, 10, 17], [3, 25, 26], [7, 15, 20], [10, 13, 13], [8, 15, 17], [13, 13, 24], [6, 25, 29], [11, 13, 20], [5, 29, 30], [13, 14, 15], [10, 17, 21], [7, 24, 25], [8, 29, 35], [12, 17, 25], [4, 51, 53], [19, 20, 37],[16, 17, 17], [17, 17, 30], [16, 25, 39], [13, 20, 21]]

assert.deepEqual(heronianTriangle(testCases[3]), res[3]);

--seed--

--after-user-code--

const testCases = [10, 15, 20, 25];

const res = [
  [[3, 4, 5], [5, 5, 6], [5, 5, 8], [4, 13, 15], [5, 12, 13], [9, 10, 17], [3, 25, 26], [7, 15, 20], [10, 13, 13], [8, 15, 17]],
  [[3, 4, 5], [5, 5, 6], [5, 5, 8], [4, 13, 15], [5, 12, 13], [9, 10, 17], [3, 25, 26], [7, 15, 20], [10, 13, 13], [8, 15, 17], [13, 13, 24], [6, 25, 29], [11, 13, 20], [5, 29, 30], [13, 14, 15]],
  [[3, 4, 5], [5, 5, 6], [5, 5, 8], [4, 13, 15], [5, 12, 13], [9, 10, 17], [3, 25, 26], [7, 15, 20], [10, 13, 13], [8, 15, 17], [13, 13, 24], [6, 25, 29], [11, 13, 20], [5, 29, 30], [13, 14, 15], [10, 17, 21], [7, 24, 25], [8, 29, 35], [12, 17, 25], [4, 51, 53]],
  [[3, 4, 5], [5, 5, 6], [5, 5, 8], [4, 13, 15], [5, 12, 13], [9, 10, 17], [3, 25, 26], [7, 15, 20], [10, 13, 13], [8, 15, 17], [13, 13, 24], [6, 25, 29], [11, 13, 20], [5, 29, 30], [13, 14, 15], [10, 17, 21], [7, 24, 25], [8, 29, 35], [12, 17, 25], [4, 51, 53], [19, 20, 37], [16, 17, 17], [17, 17, 30], [16, 25, 39], [13, 20, 21]]
];

--seed-contents--

function heronianTriangle(n) {


  return [];
}

--solutions--

function heronianTriangle(n) {
  const list = [];
  const result = [];

  let j = 0;
  for (let c = 1; c <= 200; c++) {
    for (let b = 1; b <= c; b++) {
      for (let a = 1; a <= b; a++) {
        if (gcd(gcd(a, b), c) === 1 && isHeron(heronArea(a, b, c))) {
          list[j++] = new Array(a, b, c, heronArea(a, b, c));
        }
      }
    }
  }

  sort(list);

  for (let i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    result[i] = [list[i][0], list[i][1], list[i][2]];
  }

  return result;

  function heronArea(a, b, c) {
    const s = (a + b + c) / 2;
    return Math.sqrt(s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c));
  }

  function isHeron(h) { return h % 1 === 0 && h > 0; }

  function gcd(a, b) {
    let leftover = 1;
    let dividend = a > b ? a : b;
    let divisor = a > b ? b : a;
    while (leftover !== 0) {
      leftover = dividend % divisor;
      if (leftover > 0) {
        dividend = divisor;
        divisor = leftover;
      }
    }
    return divisor;
  }

  function sort(arg) {
    let swapped = true;
    let temp = [];
    while (swapped) {
      swapped = false;
      for (let i = 1; i < arg.length; i++) {
        if (arg[i][4] < arg[i - 1][4] || arg[i][4] === arg[i - 1][4] && arg[i][3] < arg[i - 1][3]) {
          temp = arg[i];
          arg[i] = arg[i - 1];
          arg[i - 1] = temp;
          swapped = true;
        }
      }
    }
  }
}