freeCodeCamp/curriculum/challenges/english/10-coding-interview-prep/rosetta-code/letter-frequency.md

---
id: 5e4ce2bbac708cc68c1df25f
title: Letter frequency
challengeType: 5
forumTopicId: 385263
dashedName: letter-frequency
---

# --description--

Given a string, calculate the frequency of each character.

All characters should be counted. This includes lower and upper case letters, digits, whitespace, special characters, or any other distinct characters.

# --instructions--

Write a function to count the occurrences of each character in a given string.

The function should return a 2D array with each of the elements in the following form: `['char', freq]`. The character should be a string with a length of 1, and frequency is a number denoting the count.

For example, given the string "ab", your function should return `[['a', 1], ['b', 1]]`.

# --hints--

`letterFrequency` should be a function.

```js
assert(typeof letterFrequency == 'function');
```

`letterFrequency("Not all that Mrs. Bennet, however")` should return an array.

```js
assert(Array.isArray(letterFrequency('Not all that Mrs. Bennet, however')));
```

`letterFrequency("Not all that Mrs. Bennet, however")` should return `[[" ", 5], [", ", 1], [".", 1], ["B", 1], ["M", 1], ["N", 1], ["a", 2], ["e", 4], ["h", 2], ["l", 2], ["n", 2], ["o", 2], ["r", 2], ["s", 1], ["t", 4], ["v", 1], ["w", 1]]`.

```js
assert.deepEqual(letterFrequency('Not all that Mrs. Bennet, however'), [
  [' ', 5],
  [',', 1],
  ['.', 1],
  ['B', 1],
  ['M', 1],
  ['N', 1],
  ['a', 2],
  ['e', 4],
  ['h', 2],
  ['l', 2],
  ['n', 2],
  ['o', 2],
  ['r', 2],
  ['s', 1],
  ['t', 4],
  ['v', 1],
  ['w', 1]
]);
```

`letterFrequency("daughters, could ask on the ")` should return `[[' ',5],[',',1],['a',2],['c',1],['d',2],['e',2],['g',1],['h',2],['k',1],['l',1],['n',1],['o',2],['r',1],['s',2],['t',2],['u',2]]`.

```js
assert.deepEqual(letterFrequency('daughters, could ask on the '), [
  [' ', 5],
  [',', 1],
  ['a', 2],
  ['c', 1],
  ['d', 2],
  ['e', 2],
  ['g', 1],
  ['h', 2],
  ['k', 1],
  ['l', 1],
  ['n', 1],
  ['o', 2],
  ['r', 1],
  ['s', 2],
  ['t', 2],
  ['u', 2]
]);
```

`letterFrequency("husband any satisfactory description")` should return `[[" ", 3], ["a", 4], ["b", 1], ["c", 2], ["d", 2], ["e", 1], ["f", 1], ["h", 1], ["i", 3], ["n", 3], ["o", 2], ["p", 1], ["r", 2], ["s", 4], ["t", 3], ["u", 1], ["y", 2]]`.

```js
assert.deepEqual(letterFrequency('husband any satisfactory description'), [
  [' ', 3],
  ['a', 4],
  ['b', 1],
  ['c', 2],
  ['d', 2],
  ['e', 1],
  ['f', 1],
  ['h', 1],
  ['i', 3],
  ['n', 3],
  ['o', 2],
  ['p', 1],
  ['r', 2],
  ['s', 4],
  ['t', 3],
  ['u', 1],
  ['y', 2]
]);
```

`letterFrequency("in various ways--with barefaced")` should return `[[" ", 3], ["-", 2], ["a", 4], ["b", 1], ["c", 1], ["d", 1], ["e", 2], ["f", 1], ["h", 1], ["i", 3], ["n", 1], ["o", 1], ["r", 2], ["s", 2], ["t", 1], ["u", 1], ["v", 1], ["w", 2], ["y", 1]]`.

```js
assert.deepEqual(letterFrequency('in various ways--with barefaced'), [
  [' ', 3],
  ['-', 2],
  ['a', 4],
  ['b', 1],
  ['c', 1],
  ['d', 1],
  ['e', 2],
  ['f', 1],
  ['h', 1],
  ['i', 3],
  ['n', 1],
  ['o', 1],
  ['r', 2],
  ['s', 2],
  ['t', 1],
  ['u', 1],
  ['v', 1],
  ['w', 2],
  ['y', 1]
]);
```

`letterFrequency("distant surmises; but he eluded")` should return `[[" ", 4], ["; ", 1], ["a", 1], ["b", 1], ["d", 3], ["e", 4], ["h", 1], ["i", 2], ["l", 1], ["m", 1], ["n", 1], ["r", 1], ["s", 4], ["t", 3], ["u", 3]]`.

```js
assert.deepEqual(letterFrequency('distant surmises; but he eluded'), [
  [' ', 4],
  [';', 1],
  ['a', 1],
  ['b', 1],
  ['d', 3],
  ['e', 4],
  ['h', 1],
  ['i', 2],
  ['l', 1],
  ['m', 1],
  ['n', 1],
  ['r', 1],
  ['s', 4],
  ['t', 3],
  ['u', 3]
]);
```

`letterFrequency("last obliged to accept the second-hand,")` should return `[[" ", 5], [", ", 1], ["-", 1], ["a", 3], ["b", 1], ["c", 3], ["d", 3], ["e", 4], ["g", 1], ["h", 2], ["i", 1], ["l", 2], ["n", 2], ["o", 3], ["p", 1], ["s", 2], ["t", 4]]`.

```js
assert.deepEqual(letterFrequency('last obliged to accept the second-hand,'), [
  [' ', 5],
  [',', 1],
  ['-', 1],
  ['a', 3],
  ['b', 1],
  ['c', 3],
  ['d', 3],
  ['e', 4],
  ['g', 1],
  ['h', 2],
  ['i', 1],
  ['l', 2],
  ['n', 2],
  ['o', 3],
  ['p', 1],
  ['s', 2],
  ['t', 4]
]);
```

# --seed--

## --seed-contents--

```js
function letterFrequency(txt) {

}
```

# --solutions--

```js
function letterFrequency(txt) {
    var cs = txt.split(''),
        i = cs.length,
        dct =  {},
        c = '',
        keys;

    while (i--) {
        c = cs[i];
        dct[c] = (dct[c] || 0) + 1;
    }

    keys = Object.keys(dct);
    keys.sort();
    return keys.map(function (c) { return [c, dct[c]]; });
}
```