freeCodeCamp/docs/i18n/japanese/devops.md

DevOps ハンドブック

このガイドは、インフラストラクチャスタックとプラットフォームをどのように維持するかを理解するのに役立ちます。 このガイドで、すべての操作について詳しく説明しているわけではありませんが、システムを理解する上での参考になります。

ご意見やご質問があれば、どうぞご連絡ください。喜んでご説明いたします。

フライトマニュアル - コードデプロイ

このリポジトリは、継続的に構築され、テストされ、インフラストラクチャの個別のセット (サーバー、データベース、CDNなど) にデプロイされます。

これには3つのステップが含まれます。

1. 新規変更 (修正および機能変更の両方を含む) は、プルリクエストによりプライマリ開発ブランチ (main) にマージされます。
2. これらの変更は、一連の自動テストで実行されます。
3. テストに合格すると、インフラストラクチャ上でのデプロイメントに対して変更をリリースします(または必要に応じて更新します)。

コードベースのビルド - Git ブランチのデプロイメントへのマッピング

通常、main (デフォルトの開発ブランチ) は、prod-staging ブランチに 1 日 1 回マージされ、分離されたインフラストラクチャにリリースされます。

これは開発者とボランティアのコントリビューター用の中間リリースです。 「ステージング」または「ベータ」リリースとも呼ばれます。

それは freeCodeCamp.org のライブプロダクション環境と同じで、データベース、サーバー、Web プロキシなどの別々のセットを使用しています。 この分離により、freeCodeCamp.org の main プラットフォームの正規ユーザーに影響を与えることなく、「本番」のようなシナリオで継続的な開発と機能をテストすることができます。

開発者チーム @freeCodeCamp/dev-team が、ステージングプラットフォームでの変更に満足したら、これらの変更は数日ごとに prod-current ブランチに移されます。

これが freeCodeCamp.org で本番プラットフォームに変更を加えた最終リリースです。

変更のテスト - 統合テストとユーザー承認テスト

私たちは、コードの品質を確認するために、様々なレベルの統合と受け入れテストを採用しています。 すべてのテストは、GitHub Actions CI や Azure Pipelines のようなソフトウェアにより実行されます。

私たちは、チャレンジソリューション、Server API、クライアントユーザーインターフェースをテストするための単体テストを行っています。 これらは、異なるコンポーネント間の統合をテストするのに役立ちます。

[!NOTE] また、メールの更新や API やサードパーティサービスへの呼び出しなど、現実世界のシナリオを再現するのに役立つエンドユーザーテストを作成中です。

これらのテストを組み合わせることで、問題が繰り返されるのを防ぎ、別のバグや機能の作業中にバグが発生しないようにします。

変更のデプロイ - 変更をサーバーにプッシュする

開発サーバーと本番サーバーに変更をプッシュする継続的デリバリーソフトウェアを設定しています。

保護されたリリースブランチに変更がプッシュされると、そのブランチに対してビルドパイプラインが自動的にトリガーされます。 ビルドパイプラインは、アーティファクトを構築し、後で使用するためにコールドストレージに保管する責任があります。

実行が正常に完了すると、ビルドパイプラインは対応するリリースパイプラインをトリガーします。 リリースパイプラインは、ビルドアーティファクトを収集し、それらをサーバーに移動し、稼働させる責任があります。

ビルドとリリースのステータスは こちら からご確認いただけます。

ビルドをトリガー・テスト・デプロイする

現時点では、開発チームのメンバーのみが本番ブランチにプッシュできます。 production-* ブランチへの変更は、upstream への早送りマージによってのみ可能です。

[!NOTE] 今後、アクセス管理と透明性を向上させるために、プルリクエストを介してこのフローを改善します。

ステージングアプリケーションに変更をプッシュする

1. リモートを正しく構成します。

   git remote -v
   

   結果:

   origin   git@github.com:raisedadead/freeCodeCamp.git (fetch)
   origin   git@github.com:raisedadead/freeCodeCamp.git (push)
   upstream git@github.com:freeCodeCamp/freeCodeCamp.git (fetch)
   upstream git@github.com:freeCodeCamp/freeCodeCamp.git (push)
   

2. main ブランチが初期状態であり、アップストリームと同期していることを確認してください。

   git checkout main
   git fetch --all --prune
   git reset --hard upstream/main
   

3. GitHub CI がアップストリームの main ブランチを渡していることを確認してください。

   継続的インテグレーション テストは、main ブランチに関して、緑色であり PASSING でなければなりません。 main ブランチコードを表示する際、コミットハッシュの横にある緑色のチェックマークをクリックします。

   GitHub Actionsでステータスを確認する (スクリーンショット)

   
   

   これに失敗した場合は、停止してエラーの確認をします。

4. リポジトリをローカルにビルドできることを確認します。

   npm run clean-and-develop
   

5. 早送りマージにより、変更を main から prod-staging に移行します。

   git checkout prod-staging
   git merge main
   git push upstream
   

   [!NOTE] 強制的にプッシュすることはできません。履歴を書き直した場合、これらのコマンドはエラーになります。

   If they do, you may have done something incorrectly and you should just start over.

The above steps will automatically trigger a run on the build pipeline for the prod-staging branch. Once the build is complete, the artifacts are saved as .zip files in a cold storage to be retrieved and used later.

The release pipeline is triggered automatically when a fresh artifact is available from the connected build pipeline. For staging platforms, this process does not involve manual approval and the artifacts are pushed to the Client CDN and API servers.

Pushing changes to Production Applications.

The process is mostly the same as the staging platforms, with a few extra checks in place. This is just to make sure, we do not break anything on freeCodeCamp.org which can see hundreds of users using it at any moment.

Do NOT execute these commands unless you have verified that everything is working on the staging platform. You should not bypass or skip any testing on staging before proceeding further.

1. Make sure your prod-staging branch is pristine and in sync with the upstream.

   git checkout prod-staging
   git fetch --all --prune
   git reset --hard upstream/prod-staging
   

2. Move changes from prod-staging to prod-current via a fast-forward merge

   git checkout prod-current
   git merge prod-staging
   git push upstream
   

   [!NOTE] You will not be able to force push and if you have re-written the history in anyway these commands will error out.

   If they do, you may have done something incorrectly and you should just start over.

The above steps will automatically trigger a run on the build pipeline for the prod-current branch. Once a build artifact is ready, it will trigger a run on the release pipeline.

Additional Steps for Staff Action

One a release run is triggered, members of the developer staff team will receive an automated manual intervention email. They can either approve or reject the release run.

If the changes are working nicely and have been tested on the staging platform, then it can be approved. The approval must be given within 4 hours of the release being triggered before getting rejected automatically. A staff can re-trigger the release run manually for rejected runs, or wait for the next cycle of release.

For staff use:

Check your email for a direct link or go to the release dashboard after the build run is complete.

Once one of the staff members approves a release, the pipeline will push the changes live to freeCodeCamp.org's production CDN and API servers.

Build, Test and Deployment Status

Here is the current test, build and deployment status of the codebase.

Branch	Unit Tests	Integration Tests	Builds & Deployments
main			-
prod-staging			Azure Pipelines
prod-current			Azure Pipelines
prod-next (experimental, upcoming)	-	-	-

Early access and beta testing

We welcome you to test these releases in a "public beta testing" mode and get early access to upcoming features to the platforms. Sometimes these features/changes are referred to as next, beta, staging, etc. interchangeably.

Your contributions via feedback and issue reports will help us in making the production platforms at freeCodeCamp.org more resilient, consistent and stable for everyone.

We thank you for reporting bugs that you encounter and help in making freeCodeCamp.org better. You rock!

Identifying the upcoming version of the platforms

Currently a public beta testing version is available at:

Application	Language	URL
Learn	English	https://www.freecodecamp.dev
	Espanol	https://www.freecodecamp.dev/espanol
	Chinese	https://chinese.freecodecamp.dev
News	English	https://www.freecodecamp.dev/news
Forum	English	https://forum.freecodecamp.dev
	Chinese	https://chinese.freecodecamp.dev/forum
API	-	https://api.freecodecamp.dev

[!NOTE] The domain name is different than freeCodeCamp.org. This is intentional to prevent search engine indexing and avoid confusion for regular users of the platform.

The above list not exhaustive of all the applications that we provision. Also not all language variants are deployed in staging to conserve resources.

Identifying the current version of the platforms

The current version of the platform is always available at freeCodeCamp.org.

The dev-team merges changes from the prod-staging branch to prod-current when they release changes. The top commit should be what you see live on the site.

You can identify the exact version deployed by visiting the build and deployment logs available in the status section. Alternatively you can also ping us in the contributors chat room for a confirmation.

Known Limitations

There are some known limitations and tradeoffs when using the beta version of the platform.

• All data / personal progress on these beta platforms will NOT be saved or carried over to production.

  Users on the beta version will have a separate account from the production. The beta version uses a physically separate database from production. This gives us the ability to prevent any accidental loss of data or modifications. The dev team may purge the database on this beta version as needed.

• There are no guarantees on the uptime and reliability of the beta platforms.

  Deployment is expected to be frequent and in rapid iterations, sometimes multiple times a day. As a result there will be unexpected downtime at times or broken functionality on the beta version.

• Do not send regular users to this site as a measure of confirming a fix

  The beta site is and always has been to augment local development and testing, nothing else. It's not a promise of what’s coming, but a glimpse of what is being worked upon.

• Sign in page may look different than production

  We use a test tenant for freeCodeCamp.dev on Auth0, and hence do not have the ability to set a custom domain. This makes it so that all the redirect callbacks and the login page appear at a default domain like: https://freecodecamp-dev.auth0.com/. This does not affect the functionality and is as close to production as we can get.

Reporting issues and leaving feedback

Please open fresh issues for discussions and reporting bugs.

You may send an email to dev[at]freecodecamp.org if you have any queries. As always all security vulnerabilities should be reported to security[at]freecodecamp.org instead of the public tracker and forum.

Flight Manual - Server Maintenance

Warning

1. The guide applies to the freeCodeCamp Staff members only.
2. These instructions should not be considered exhaustive, please use caution.

As a member of the staff, you may have been given access to our cloud service providers like Azure, Digital Ocean, etc.

Here are some handy commands that you can use to work on the Virtual Machines (VM), for instance performing maintenance updates or doing general housekeeping.

Get a list of the VMs

[!NOTE] While you may already have SSH access to the VMs, that alone will not let you list VMs unless you been granted access to the cloud portals as well.

Azure

Install Azure CLI az: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/install-azure-cli

(One-time) Install on macOS with homebrew:

brew install azure-cli

(One-time) Login:

az login

Get the list of VM names and P addresses:

az vm list-ip-addresses --output table

Digital Ocean

Install Digital Ocean CLI doctl: https://github.com/digitalocean/doctl#installing-doctl

(One-time) Install on macOS with homebrew:

brew install doctl

(One-time) Login:

Authentication and context switching: https://github.com/digitalocean/doctl#authenticating-with-digitalocean

doctl auth init

Get the list of VM names and IP addresses:

doctl compute droplet list --format "ID,Name,PublicIPv4"

Spin new Resources

We are working on creating our IaC setup, and while that is in works you can use the Azure portal or the Azure CLI to spin new virtual machines and other resources.

[!TIP] No matter your choice of spinning resources, we have a few handy cloud-init config files to help you do some of the basic provisioning like installing docker or adding SSH keys, etc.

Keep VMs updated

You should keep the VMs up to date by performing updates and upgrades. This will ensure that the virtual machine is patched with latest security fixes.

[!WARNING] Before you run these commands:

• Make sure that the VM has been provisioned completely and there is no post-install steps running.
• If you are updating packages on a VM that is already serving an application, make sure the app has been stopped / saved. Package updates will cause network bandwidth, memory and/or CPU usage spikes leading to outages on running applications.

Update package information

sudo apt update

Upgrade installed packages

sudo apt upgrade -y

Cleanup unused packages

sudo apt autoremove -y

Work on Web Servers (Proxy)

We are running load balanced (Azure Load Balancer) instances for our web servers. These servers are running NGINX which reverse proxy all of the traffic to freeCodeCamp.org from various applications running on their own infrastructures.

The NGINX config is available on this repository.

First Install

Provisioning VMs with the Code

1. Install NGINX and configure from repository.

   sudo su
   
   cd /var/www/html
   git clone https://github.com/freeCodeCamp/error-pages
   
   cd /etc/
   rm -rf nginx
   git clone https://github.com/freeCodeCamp/nginx-config nginx
   
   cd /etc/nginx
   

2. Install Cloudflare origin certificates and upstream application config.

   Get the Cloudflare origin certificates from the secure storage and install at required locations.

   OR

   Move over existing certificates:

   # Local
   scp -r username@source-server-public-ip:/etc/nginx/ssl ./
   scp -pr ./ssl username@target-server-public-ip:/tmp/
   
   # Remote
   rm -rf ./ssl
   mv /tmp/ssl ./
   

   Update Upstream Configurations:

   vi configs/upstreams.conf
   

   Add/update the source/origin application IP addresses.

3. Setup networking and firewalls.

   Configure Azure firewalls and ufw as needed for ingress origin addresses.

4. Add the VM to the load balancer backend pool.

   Configure and add rules to load balancer if needed. You may also need to add the VMs to load balancer backend pool if needed.

Logging and Monitoring

1. Check status for NGINX service using the below command:

   sudo systemctl status nginx
   

2. Logging and monitoring for the servers are available at:

   NGINX Amplify: https://amplify.nginx.com, our current basic monitoring dashboard. We are working on more granular metrics for better observability

Updating Instances (Maintenance)

Config changes to our NGINX instances are maintained on GitHub, these should be deployed on each instance like so:

1. SSH into the instance and enter sudo

sudo su

2. Get the latest config code.

cd /etc/nginx
git fetch --all --prune
git reset --hard origin/main

3. Test and reload the config with Signals.

nginx -t
nginx -s reload

Work on API Instances

1. Install build tools for node binaries (node-gyp) etc.

sudo apt install build-essential

First Install

Provisioning VMs with the Code

1. Install Node LTS.

2. Update npm and install PM2 and setup logrotate and startup on boot

   npm i -g npm@8
   npm i -g pm2
   pm2 install pm2-logrotate
   pm2 startup
   

3. Clone freeCodeCamp, setup env and keys.

   git clone https://github.com/freeCodeCamp/freeCodeCamp.git
   cd freeCodeCamp
   git checkout prod-current # or any other branch to be deployed
   

4. Create the .env from the secure credentials storage.

5. Create the google-credentials.json from the secure credentials storage.

6. Install dependencies

   npm ci
   

7. Build the server

   npm run create:config && npm run build:curriculum && npm run build:server
   

8. Start Instances

   cd api-server
   pm2 start ./lib/production-start.js -i max --max-memory-restart 600M --name org
   

Logging and Monitoring

pm2 logs

pm2 monit

Updating Instances (Maintenance)

Code changes need to be deployed to the API instances from time to time. It can be a rolling update or a manual update. The later is essential when changing dependencies or adding environment variables.

[!ATTENTION] The automated pipelines are not handling dependencies updates at the minute. We need to do a manual update before any deployment pipeline runs.

1. Manual Updates - Used for updating dependencies, env variables.

1. Stop all instances

pm2 stop all

2. Install dependencies

npm ci

3. Build the server

npm run create:config && npm run build:curriculum && npm run build:server

4. Start Instances

pm2 start all --update-env && pm2 logs

2. Rolling updates - Used for logical changes to code.

pm2 reload all --update-env && pm2 logs

[!NOTE] We are handling rolling updates to code, logic, via pipelines. You should not need to run these commands. These are here for documentation.

Work on Client Instances

1. Install build tools for node binaries (node-gyp) etc.

sudo apt install build-essential

First Install

Provisioning VMs with the Code

1. Install Node LTS.

2. Update npm and install PM2 and setup logrotate and startup on boot

   npm i -g npm@8
   npm i -g pm2
   npm install -g serve
   pm2 install pm2-logrotate
   pm2 startup
   

3. Clone client config, setup env and keys.

   git clone https://github.com/freeCodeCamp/client-config.git client
   cd client
   

   Start placeholder instances for the web client, these will be updated with artifacts from the Azure pipeline.

   Todo: This setup needs to move to S3 or Azure Blob storage

      echo "serve -c ../../serve.json www -p 50505" >> client-start-primary.sh
      chmod +x client-start-primary.sh
      pm2 delete client-primary
      pm2 start  ./client-start-primary.sh --name client-primary
      echo "serve -c ../../serve.json www -p 52525" >> client-start-secondary.sh
      chmod +x client-start-secondary.sh
      pm2 delete client-secondary
      pm2 start  ./client-start-secondary.sh --name client-secondary
   

Logging and Monitoring

pm2 logs

pm2 monit

Updating Instances (Maintenance)

Code changes need to be deployed to the API instances from time to time. It can be a rolling update or a manual update. The later is essential when changing dependencies or adding environment variables.

[!ATTENTION] The automated pipelines are not handling dependencies updates at the minute. We need to do a manual update before any deployment pipeline runs.

1. Manual Updates - Used for updating dependencies, env variables.

1. Stop all instances

   pm2 stop all
   

2. Install or update dependencies

3. Start Instances

   pm2 start all --update-env && pm2 logs
   

2. Rolling updates - Used for logical changes to code.

pm2 reload all --update-env && pm2 logs

[!NOTE] We are handling rolling updates to code, logic, via pipelines. You should not need to run these commands. These are here for documentation.

Work on Chat Servers

Our chat servers are available with a HA configuration recommended in Rocket.Chat docs. The docker-compose file for this is available here.

We provision redundant NGINX instances which are themselves load balanced (Azure Load Balancer) in front of the Rocket.Chat cluster. The NGINX configuration file are available here.

First Install

Provisioning VMs with the Code

NGINX Cluster:

1. Install NGINX and configure from repository.

   sudo su
   
   cd /var/www/html
   git clone https://github.com/freeCodeCamp/error-pages
   
   cd /etc/
   rm -rf nginx
   git clone https://github.com/freeCodeCamp/chat-nginx-config nginx
   
   cd /etc/nginx
   

2. Install Cloudflare origin certificates and upstream application config.

   Get the Cloudflare origin certificates from the secure storage and install at required locations.

   OR

   Move over existing certificates:

   # Local
   scp -r username@source-server-public-ip:/etc/nginx/ssl ./
   scp -pr ./ssl username@target-server-public-ip:/tmp/
   
   # Remote
   rm -rf ./ssl
   mv /tmp/ssl ./
   

   Update Upstream Configurations:

   vi configs/upstreams.conf
   

   Add/update the source/origin application IP addresses.

3. Setup networking and firewalls.

   Configure Azure firewalls and ufw as needed for ingress origin addresses.

4. Add the VM to the load balancer backend pool.

   Configure and add rules to load balancer if needed. You may also need to add the VMs to load balancer backend pool if needed.

Docker Cluster:

1. Install Docker and configure from the repository

   git clone https://github.com/freeCodeCamp/chat-config.git chat
   cd chat
   

2. Configure the required environment variables and instance IP addresses.

3. Run rocket-chat server

   docker-compose config
   docker-compose up -d
   

Logging and Monitoring

1. Check status for NGINX service using the below command:

   sudo systemctl status nginx
   

2. Check status for running docker instances with:

   docker ps
   

Updating Instances (Maintenance)

NGINX Cluster:

Config changes to our NGINX instances are maintained on GitHub, these should be deployed on each instance like so:

1. SSH into the instance and enter sudo

   sudo su
   

2. Get the latest config code.

   cd /etc/nginx
   git fetch --all --prune
   git reset --hard origin/main
   

3. Test and reload the config with Signals.

   nginx -t
   nginx -s reload
   

Docker Cluster:

1. SSH into the instance and navigate to the chat config path

   cd ~/chat
   

2. Get the latest config code.

   git fetch --all --prune
   git reset --hard origin/main
   

3. Pull down the latest docker image for Rocket.Chat

   docker-compose pull
   

4. Update the running instances

   docker-compose up -d
   

5. Validate the instances are up

   docker ps
   

6. Cleanup extraneous resources

   docker system prune --volumes
   

   Output:

   WARNING! This will remove:
     - all stopped containers
     - all networks not used by at least one container
     - all volumes not used by at least one container
     - all dangling images
     - all dangling build cache
   
   Are you sure you want to continue? [y/N] y
   

   Select yes (y) to remove everything that is not in use. This will remove all stopped containers, all networks and volumes not used by at least one container, and all dangling images and build caches.

Work on Contributor Tools

Deploy updates

ssh into the VM (hosted on Digital Ocean).

cd tools
git pull origin master
npm ci
npm run build
pm2 restart contribute-app

Updating Node.js versions on VMs

List currently installed node & npm versions

nvm -v
node -v
npm -v

nvm ls

Install the latest Node.js LTS, and reinstall any global packages

nvm install --lts --reinstall-packages-from=default

Verify installed packages

npm ls -g --depth=0

Alias the default Node.js version to the current LTS (pinned to latest major version)

nvm alias default 16

(Optional) Uninstall old versions

nvm uninstall <version>

[!ATTENTION] For client applications, the shell script can't be resurrected between Node.js versions with pm2 resurrect. Deploy processes from scratch instead. This should become nicer when we move to a docker based setup.

If using PM2 for processes you would also need to bring up the applications and save the process list for automatic recovery on restarts.

Get the uninstall instructions/commands with the unstartup command and use the output to remove the systemctl services

pm2 unstartup

Get the install instructions/commands with the startup command and use the output to add the systemctl services

pm2 startup

Quick commands for PM2 to list, resurrect saved processes, etc.

pm2 ls

pm2 resurrect

pm2 save

pm2 logs

Installing and Updating Azure Pipeline Agents

See: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/pipelines/agents/v2-linux?view=azure-devops and follow the instructions to stop, remove and reinstall agents. Broadly you can follow the steps listed here.

You would need a PAT, that you can grab from here: https://dev.azure.com/freeCodeCamp-org/_usersSettings/tokens

Installing agents on Deployment targets

Navigate to Azure Devops and register the agent from scratch in the requisite deployment groups.

[!NOTE] You should run the scripts in the home directory, and make sure no other azagent directory exists.

Updating agents

Currently updating agents requires them to be removed and reconfigured. This is required for them to correctly pick up PATH values and other system environment variables. We need to do this for instance updating Node.js on our deployment target VMs.

1. Navigate and check status of the service

   cd ~/azagent
   sudo ./svc.sh status
   

2. Stop the service

   sudo ./svc.sh stop
   

3. Uninstall the service

   sudo ./svc.sh uninstall
   

4. Remove the agent from the pipeline pool

   ./config.sh remove
   

5. Remove the config files

   cd ~
   rm -rf ~/azagent
   

Once You have completed the steps above, you can repeat the same steps as installing the agent.

Flight Manual - Email Blast

We use a CLI tool to send out the weekly newsletter. To spin this up and begin the process:

1. Sign in to DigitalOcean, and spin up new droplets under the Sendgrid project. Use the Ubuntu Sendgrid snapshot with the most recent date. This comes pre-loaded with the CLI tool and the script to fetch emails from the database. With the current volume, three droplets are sufficient to send the emails in a timely manner.

2. Set up the script to fetch the email list.

   cd /home/freecodecamp/scripts/emails
   cp sample.env .env
   

   You will need to replace the placeholder values in the .env file with your credentials.

3. Run the script.

   node get-emails.js emails.csv
   

   This will save the email list in an emails.csv file.

4. Break the emails down into multiple files, depending on the number of droplets you need. This is easiest to do by using scp to pull the email list locally and using your preferred text editor to split them into multiple files. Each file will need the email,unsubscribeId header.

5. Switch to the CLI directory with cd /home/sendgrid-email-blast and configure the tool per the documentation.

6. Run the tool to send the emails, following the usage documentation.

7. When the email blast is complete, verify that no emails have failed before destroying the droplets.

Flight Manual - Adding news instances for new languages

Theme Changes

We use a custom theme for our news publication. Adding the following changes to the theme enables the addition of new languages.

1. Include an else if statement for the new ISO language code in setup-locale.js
2. Create an initial config folder by duplicating the assets/config/en folder and changing its name to the new language code. (en —> es for Spanish)
3. Inside the new language folder, change the variable names in main.js and footer.js to the relevant language short code (enMain —> esMain for Spanish)
4. Duplicate the locales/en.json and rename it to the new language code.
5. In partials/i18n.hbs, add scripts for the newly created config files.
6. Add the related language day.js script from cdnjs to the freeCodeCamp CDN

Ghost Dashboard Changes

Update the publication assets by going to the Ghost dashboard > settings > general and uploading the publications's icon, logo, and cover.