freeCodeCamp/curriculum/challenges/english/08-coding-interview-prep/data-structures/implement-heap-sort-with-a-min-heap.english.md

id, title, challengeType

id	title	challengeType
587d825b367417b2b2512c8c	Implement Heap Sort with a Min Heap	1

Description

Now that we can add and remove elements let's see some of the applications heaps can be used for. Heaps are commonly used to implement priority queues because they always store an item of greatest or least value in first position. In addition, they are used to implement a sorting algorithm called heap sort. We'll see how to do this here. Heap sort uses a min heap, the reverse of a max heap. A min heap always stores the element of least value in the root position. Heap sort works by taking an unsorted array, adding each item in the array into a min heap, and then extracting every item out of the min heap into a new array. The min heap structure ensures that the new array will contain the original items in least to greatest order. This is one of the most efficient sorting algorithms with average and worst case performance of O(nlog(n)).

Instructions

Let's implement heap sort with a min heap. Feel free to adapt your max heap code here. Create an object MinHeap with insert, remove, and sort methods. The sort method should return an array of all the elements in the min heap sorted from smallest to largest.

Tests

tests:
  - text: The MinHeap data structure exists.
    testString: assert((function() { var test = false; if (typeof MinHeap !== 'undefined') { test = new MinHeap() }; return (typeof test == 'object')})(), 'The MinHeap data structure exists.');
  - text: MinHeap has a method called insert.
    testString: assert((function() { var test = false; if (typeof MinHeap !== 'undefined') { test = new MinHeap() } else { return false; }; return (typeof test.insert == 'function')})(), 'MinHeap has a method called insert.');
  - text: MinHeap has a method called remove.
    testString: assert((function() { var test = false; if (typeof MinHeap !== 'undefined') { test = new MinHeap() } else { return false; }; return (typeof test.remove == 'function')})(), 'MinHeap has a method called remove.');
  - text: MinHeap has a method called sort.
    testString: assert((function() { var test = false; if (typeof MinHeap !== 'undefined') { test = new MinHeap() } else { return false; }; return (typeof test.sort == 'function')})(), 'MinHeap has a method called sort.');
  - text: The sort method returns an array containing all items added to the min heap in sorted order.
    testString: assert((function() { var test = false; if (typeof MinHeap !== 'undefined') { test = new MinHeap() } else { return false; }; test.insert(3); test.insert(12); test.insert(5); test.insert(10); test.insert(1); test.insert(27); test.insert(42); test.insert(57); test.insert(5); var result = test.sort(); return (isSorted(result)); })(), 'The sort method returns an array containing all items added to the min heap in sorted order.');

Challenge Seed

// check if array is sorted
function isSorted(arr) {
  var check = i =>
    i == arr.length - 1 ? true : arr[i] > arr[i + 1] ? false : check(i + 1);
  return check(0);
}
// generate a randomly filled array
var array = new Array();
(function createArray(size = 5) {
  array.push(+(Math.random() * 100).toFixed(0));
  return size > 1 ? createArray(size - 1) : undefined;
})(25);
var MinHeap = function() {
  // change code below this line
  // change code above this line
};

Solution

// solution required