* chore: rename APIs and Microservices to include "Backend" (#42515) * fix typo * fix typo * undo change * Corrected grammar mistake Corrected a grammar mistake by removing a comma. * change APIs and Microservices cert title * update title * Change APIs and Microservices certi title * Update translations.json * update title * feat(curriculum): rename apis and microservices cert * rename folder structure * rename certificate * rename learn Markdown * apis-and-microservices -> back-end-development-and-apis * update backend meta * update i18n langs and cypress test Co-authored-by: Shaun Hamilton <shauhami020@gmail.com> * fix: add development to front-end libraries (#42512) * fix: added-the-word-Development-to-front-end-libraries * fix/added-the-word-Development-to-front-end-libraries * fix/added-word-development-to-front-end-libraries-in-other-related-files * fix/added-the-word-Development-to-front-end-and-all-related-files * fix/removed-typos-from-last-commit-in-index.md * fix/reverted-changes-that-i-made-to-dependecies * fix/removed xvfg * fix/reverted changes that i made to package.json * remove unwanted changes * front-end-development-libraries changes * rename backend certSlug and README * update i18n folder names and keys * test: add legacy path redirect tests This uses serve.json from the client-config repo, since we currently use that in production * fix: create public dir before moving serve.json * fix: add missing script * refactor: collect redirect tests * test: convert to cy.location for stricter tests * rename certificate folder to 00-certificates * change crowdin config to recognise new certificates location * allow translations to be used Co-authored-by: Nicholas Carrigan (he/him) <nhcarrigan@gmail.com> * add forwards slashes to path redirects * fix cypress path tests again * plese cypress * fix: test different challenge Okay so I literally have no idea why this one particular challenge fails in Cypress Firefox ONLY. Tom and I paired and spun a full build instance and confirmed in Firefox the page loads and redirects as expected. Changing to another bootstrap challenge passes Cypress firefox locally. Absolutely boggled by this. AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA * fix: separate the test Okay apparently the test does not work unless we separate it into a different `it` statement. >:( >:( >:( >:( Co-authored-by: Sujal Gupta <55016909+heysujal@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Noor Fakhry <65724923+NoorFakhry@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Oliver Eyton-Williams <ojeytonwilliams@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Nicholas Carrigan (he/him) <nhcarrigan@gmail.com>
		
			
				
	
	
		
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| ---
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| id: 5a24c314108439a4d4036156
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| title: 使用中间件处理异步操作
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| challengeType: 6
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| forumTopicId: 301451
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| dashedName: use-middleware-to-handle-asynchronous-actions
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| ---
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| 
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| # --description--
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| 
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| 目前为止的挑战都在避免讨论异步操作,但它们是 Web 开发中不可避免的一部分。 在某些时候,需要在 Redux 应用程序中使用异步请求,那么如何处理这些类型的请求? Redux 中间件专为此目的而设计,称为 Redux Thunk 中间件。 这里简要介绍如何在 Redux 中使用它。
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| 
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| 如果要使用 Redux Thunk 中间件,请将其作为参数传递给 `Redux.applyMiddleware()`。 然后将此函数作为第二个可选参数提供给 `createStore()` 函数, 看一下编辑器底部的代码。 然后,要创建一个异步的 action,需要在 action creator 中返回一个以 `dispatch` 为参数的函数。 在这个函数中,可以 dispatch action 并执行异步请求。
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| 
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| 在此示例中,使用 `setTimeout()` 模拟异步请求。 通常在执行异步行为之前 dispatch action,以便应用程序状态知道正在请求某些数据(例如,这个状态可以显示加载图标)。 然后,一旦收到数据,就会发送另一个 action,该 action 的 data 是请求返回的数据同时也代表 API 操作完成。
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| 
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| 请记住,正在将 `dispatch` 作为参数传递给这个特殊的 action creator。 需要 dispatch action 时只需将 action 直接传递给 dispatch,中间件就可以处理其余的部分。
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| 
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| # --instructions--
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| 
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| 在 `handleAsync()` 的 action creator 中编写两个 dispatch 事件。 在 `setTimeout()`(模拟 API 调用)之前 dispatch `requestingData()`。 然后在收到(模拟)数据后,dispatch `receivedData()` action,传入这些数据。 现在已经知道如何处理 Redux 中的异步操作, 其他所有操作都继续像以前一样。
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| 
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| # --hints--
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| 
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| `requestingData` action creator 应返回类型和值都为 `REQUESTING_DATA` 的对象。
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| 
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| ```js
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| assert(requestingData().type === REQUESTING_DATA);
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| ```
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| 
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| `receivedData` action creator 应返回类型和值都等于 `RECEIVED_DATA` 的对象。
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| 
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| ```js
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| assert(receivedData('data').type === RECEIVED_DATA);
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| ```
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| 
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| `asyncDataReducer` 必须是个函数。
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| 
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| ```js
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| assert(typeof asyncDataReducer === 'function');
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| ```
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| 
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| 分发 `requestingData` 后 action creator 应该将 store 中 `state` 的 fetching 值更新为 `true`。
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| 
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| ```js
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| assert(
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|   (function () {
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|     const initialState = store.getState();
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|     store.dispatch(requestingData());
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|     const reqState = store.getState();
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|     return initialState.fetching === false && reqState.fetching === true;
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|   })()
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| );
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| ```
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| 
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| 如果要 dispatch `handleAsync` 应先 dispatch 数据请求的 action,然后在收到请求结果后再 dispatch 接收的数据 action。
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| 
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| ```js
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| assert(
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|   (function () {
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|     const noWhiteSpace = __helpers.removeWhiteSpace(handleAsync.toString());
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|     return (
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|       noWhiteSpace.includes('dispatch(requestingData())') === true &&
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|       noWhiteSpace.includes('dispatch(receivedData(data))') === true
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|     );
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|   })()
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| );
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| ```
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| 
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| # --seed--
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| 
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| ## --seed-contents--
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| 
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| ```js
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| const REQUESTING_DATA = 'REQUESTING_DATA'
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| const RECEIVED_DATA = 'RECEIVED_DATA'
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| 
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| const requestingData = () => { return {type: REQUESTING_DATA} }
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| const receivedData = (data) => { return {type: RECEIVED_DATA, users: data.users} }
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| 
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| const handleAsync = () => {
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|   return function(dispatch) {
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|     // Dispatch request action here
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| 
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|     setTimeout(function() {
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|       let data = {
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|         users: ['Jeff', 'William', 'Alice']
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|       }
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|       // Dispatch received data action here
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| 
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|     }, 2500);
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|   }
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| };
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| 
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| const defaultState = {
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|   fetching: false,
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|   users: []
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| };
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| 
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| const asyncDataReducer = (state = defaultState, action) => {
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|   switch(action.type) {
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|     case REQUESTING_DATA:
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|       return {
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|         fetching: true,
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|         users: []
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|       }
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|     case RECEIVED_DATA:
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|       return {
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|         fetching: false,
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|         users: action.users
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|       }
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|     default:
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|       return state;
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|   }
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| };
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| 
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| const store = Redux.createStore(
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|   asyncDataReducer,
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|   Redux.applyMiddleware(ReduxThunk.default)
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| );
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| ```
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| 
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| # --solutions--
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| 
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| ```js
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| const REQUESTING_DATA = 'REQUESTING_DATA'
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| const RECEIVED_DATA = 'RECEIVED_DATA'
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| 
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| const requestingData = () => { return {type: REQUESTING_DATA} }
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| const receivedData = (data) => { return {type: RECEIVED_DATA, users: data.users} }
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| 
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| const handleAsync = () => {
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|   return function(dispatch) {
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|     dispatch(requestingData());
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|     setTimeout(function() {
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|       let data = {
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|         users: ['Jeff', 'William', 'Alice']
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|       }
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|       dispatch(receivedData(data));
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|     }, 2500);
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|   }
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| };
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| 
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| const defaultState = {
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|   fetching: false,
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|   users: []
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| };
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| 
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| const asyncDataReducer = (state = defaultState, action) => {
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|   switch(action.type) {
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|     case REQUESTING_DATA:
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|       return {
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|         fetching: true,
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|         users: []
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|       }
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|     case RECEIVED_DATA:
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|       return {
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|         fetching: false,
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|         users: action.users
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|       }
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|     default:
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|       return state;
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|   }
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| };
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| 
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| const store = Redux.createStore(
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|   asyncDataReducer,
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|   Redux.applyMiddleware(ReduxThunk.default)
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| );
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| ```
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