147 lines
		
	
	
		
			4.1 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Markdown
		
	
	
	
	
	
			
		
		
	
	
			147 lines
		
	
	
		
			4.1 KiB
		
	
	
	
		
			Markdown
		
	
	
	
	
	
| ---
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| title: Spread syntax
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| localeTitle: 传播语法
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| ---
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| ## 传播语法
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| 
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| Spread语法允许在可能需要零个或多个参数(用于函数调用)或元素(用于数组文字)的位置扩展可迭代的数组表达式或字符串,或者在预期为零的位置展开对象表达式。
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| 
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| ### 句法
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| 
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| 对于函数调用:
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| ```
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| myFunction(...iterableObj); 
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| ```
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| 
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| 对于数组文字或字符串:
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| ```
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| [...iterableObj, '4', 'five', 6]; 
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| ```
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| 
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| ### 例子
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| 
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| #### 传播函数调用
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| 
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| #### 替换申请
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| 
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| 在要使用数组元素作为函数参数的情况下,通常使用`Function.prototype.apply` 。
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| ```
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| function myFunction(x, y, z) { } 
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|  var args = [0, 1, 2]; 
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|  myFunction.apply(null, args); 
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| ```
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| 
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| 使用扩展语法,上面可以写成:
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| ```
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| function myFunction(x, y, z) { } 
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|  var args = [0, 1, 2]; 
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|  myFunction(...args); 
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| ```
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| 
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| 参数列表中的任何参数都可以使用扩展语法,并且可以多次使用。
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| ```
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| function myFunction(v, w, x, y, z) { } 
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|  var args = [0, 1]; 
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|  myFunction(-1, ...args, 2, ...[3]); 
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| ```
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| 
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| ### 申请新的
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| 
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| 当使用`new`调用构造函数时,不可能**直接**使用数组并`apply` ( `apply`执行`[[Call]]`而不是`[[Construct]]` )。但是,由于扩展语法,可以很容易地使用数组:
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| ```
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| var dateFields = [1970, 0, 1];  // 1 Jan 1970 
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|  var d = new Date(...dateFields); 
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| ```
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| 
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| 要使用带有参数数组的new而不使用扩展语法,您必须通过部分应用程序**间接**执行此操作:
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| ```
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| function applyAndNew(constructor, args) { 
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|    function partial () { 
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|       return constructor.apply(this, args); 
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|    }; 
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|    if (typeof constructor.prototype === "object") { 
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|       partial.prototype = Object.create(constructor.prototype); 
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|    } 
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|    return partial; 
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|  } 
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|  
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|  
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|  function myConstructor () { 
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|    console.log("arguments.length: " + arguments.length); 
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|    console.log(arguments); 
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|    this.prop1="val1"; 
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|    this.prop2="val2"; 
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|  }; 
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|  
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|  var myArguments = ["hi", "how", "are", "you", "mr", null]; 
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|  var myConstructorWithArguments = applyAndNew(myConstructor, myArguments); 
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|  
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|  console.log(new myConstructorWithArguments); 
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|  // (internal log of myConstructor):           arguments.length: 6 
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|  // (internal log of myConstructor):           ["hi", "how", "are", "you", "mr", null] 
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|  // (log of "new myConstructorWithArguments"): {prop1: "val1", prop2: "val2"} 
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| ```
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| 
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| ### 传播数组文字
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| 
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| #### 一个更强大的数组文字
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| 
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| 如果没有扩展语法,要使用现有数组作为其中一部分创建新数组,则数组文字语法不再足够,必须使用push,splice,concat等组合使用命令式代码。使用扩展语法变得更加简洁:
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| ```
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| var parts = ['shoulders', 'knees']; 
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|  var lyrics = ['head', ...parts, 'and', 'toes']; 
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|  // ["head", "shoulders", "knees", "and", "toes"] 
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| ```
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| 
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| 就像扩展参数列表一样, `...`可以在数组文字中的任何地方使用,并且可以多次使用。
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| 
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| ### 复制一个数组
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| ```
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| var arr = [1, 2, 3]; 
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|  var arr2 = [...arr]; // like arr.slice() 
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|  arr2.push(4); 
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|  
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|  // arr2 becomes [1, 2, 3, 4] 
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|  // arr remains unaffected 
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| ```
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| 
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| > **注意** :在复制数组时,Spread语法有效地深入一级。因此,它可能不适合复制多维数组,如下例所示(与Object.assign()和spread语法相同)。
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| ```
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| var a = [[1], [2], [3]]; 
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|  var b = [...a]; 
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|  b.shift().shift(); // 1 
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|  // Now array a is affected as well: [[], [2], [3]] 
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| ```
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| 
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| ### 连接数组的更好方法
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| 
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| `Array.concat`通常用于将数组连接到现有数组的末尾。没有扩展语法,这可以完成:
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| ```
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| var arr1 = [0, 1, 2]; 
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|  var arr2 = [3, 4, 5]; 
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|  // Append all items from arr2 onto arr1 
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|  arr1 = arr1.concat(arr2); 
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| ```
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| 
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| 使用扩展语法,这将成为:
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| ```
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| var arr1 = [0, 1, 2]; 
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|  var arr2 = [3, 4, 5]; 
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|  arr1 = [...arr1, ...arr2]; 
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| ```
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| 
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| `Array.unshift`通常用于在现有数组的开头插入值数组。没有扩展语法,这可以完成:
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| ```
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| var arr1 = [0, 1, 2]; 
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|  var arr2 = [3, 4, 5]; 
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|  // Prepend all items from arr2 onto arr1 
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|  Array.prototype.unshift.apply(arr1, arr2) // arr1 is now [3, 4, 5, 0, 1, 2] 
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| ```
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| 
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| 使用扩展语法,这将成为:
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| ```
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| var arr1 = [0, 1, 2]; 
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|  var arr2 = [3, 4, 5]; 
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|  arr1 = [...arr2, ...arr1]; // arr1 is now [3, 4, 5, 0, 1, 2] 
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| 
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| ``` |