69 lines
1.9 KiB
Markdown
69 lines
1.9 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Bash chmod
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---
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## Bash command: chmod
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The chmod command is used to change file permissions for both files and directories.
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Commonly used options:
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- `R` change files and directories recursively
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The standard mode is used via the arguments listed below in the commonly used arguments section.
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The numeric mode is dictated by three numbers the user, group, and others, in that order.
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- 4 stands for "read",
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- 2 stands for "write",
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- 1 stands for "execute", and
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- 0 stands for "no permission."
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You can also use a combination of these numbers; for example 7 would give all permissions, 6 would give read and write permissions, and 5 would give read and execute permissions.
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The reference mode is used by specifying a file for reference and the targeted file. The targeted file then takes on the permissions of the reference file.
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### Usage
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```bash
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chmod [options] mode[,mode] file1 [file2 ...]
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```
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```bash
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chmod [Options] Numeric_Mode file1 [file2 ...]
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```
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```bash
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chmod [Options] --reference=RFile file1 [file2 ...]
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```
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### Commonly Used Arguments
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The first arguments are the user's permissions that will be targeted. These are followed by a '+' to add permission, '-' to remove permission or '=' to set as the only permissions.
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- `u`: The user who owns it.
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- `g`: Other users in the files' group.
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- `o`: Other users not in the files' group.
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- `a`: All users.
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The second arguments dictate the permissions given.
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- `r`: Read permission.
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- `w`: Write permission.
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- `x`: Execute permission.
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### Examples
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```bash
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chmod 754 file1.txt
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```
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Gives the user all permissions, the files group read and execute, and all others read.
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```bash
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chmod u+x file1.txt
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```
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Gives the user/owner the permission to execute the file.
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```bash
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chmod -reference=file1.txt file2.txt
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```
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Gives file2 the same permissions that file1 has.
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#### More Information:
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* [Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chmod)
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* [SS64](https://ss64.com/bash/chmod.html)
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