103 lines
5.0 KiB
Markdown
103 lines
5.0 KiB
Markdown
---
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id: 587d825d367417b2b2512c96
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title: Depth-First Search
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challengeType: 1
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forumTopicId: 301640
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---
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## Description
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<section id='description'>
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Similar to <dfn>breadth-first search</dfn>, here we will learn about another graph traversal algorithm called <dfn>depth-first search</dfn>.
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Whereas the breadth-first search searches incremental edge lengths away from the source node, <dfn>depth-first search</dfn> first goes down a path of edges as far as it can.
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Once it reaches one end of a path, the search will backtrack to the last node with an un-visited edge path and continue searching.
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Visually, this is what the algorithm is doing where the top node is the starting point of the search.
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<img class='img-responsive' src='https://camo.githubusercontent.com/aaad9e39961daf34d967c616edeb50abf3bf1235/68747470733a2f2f75706c6f61642e77696b696d656469612e6f72672f77696b6970656469612f636f6d6d6f6e732f372f37662f44657074682d46697273742d5365617263682e676966'>
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A simple output of this algorithm is a list of nodes which are reachable from a given node. So when implementing this algorithm, you'll need to keep track of the nodes you visit.
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</section>
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## Instructions
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<section id='instructions'>
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Write a function <code>dfs()</code> that takes an undirected, adjacency matrix <code>graph</code> and a node label <code>root</code> as parameters. The node label will just be the numeric value of the node between <code>0</code> and <code>n - 1</code>, where <code>n</code> is the total number of nodes in the graph.
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Your function should output an array of all nodes reachable from <code>root</code>.
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</section>
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## Tests
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<section id='tests'>
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```yml
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tests:
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- text: The input graph <code>[[0, 1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0, 1], [0, 0, 1, 0]]</code> with a start node of <code>1</code> should return an array with <code>0</code>, <code>1</code>, <code>2</code>, and <code>3</code>.
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testString: assert.sameMembers((function() { var graph = [[0, 1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0, 1], [0, 0, 1, 0]]; return dfs(graph, 1);})(), [0, 1, 2, 3]);
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- text: The input graph <code>[[0, 1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0, 1], [0, 0, 1, 0]]</code> with a start node of <code>1</code> should return an array with four elements.
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testString: assert((function() { var graph = [[0, 1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0, 1], [0, 0, 1, 0]]; return dfs(graph, 1);})().length === 4);
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- text: The input graph <code>[[0, 1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0]]</code> with a start node of <code>3</code> should return an array with <code>3</code>.
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testString: assert.sameMembers((function() { var graph = [[0, 1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0]]; return dfs(graph, 3);})(), [3]);
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- text: The input graph <code>[[0, 1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0]]</code> with a start node of <code>3</code> should return an array with one element.
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testString: assert((function() { var graph = [[0, 1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 1, 0], [0, 1, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0]]; return dfs(graph, 3);})().length === 1);
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- text: The input graph <code>[[0, 1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 1], [0, 0, 1, 0]]</code> with a start node of <code>3</code> should return an array with <code>2</code> and <code>3</code>.
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testString: assert.sameMembers((function() { var graph = [[0, 1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 1], [0, 0, 1, 0]]; return dfs(graph, 3);})(), [2, 3]);
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- text: The input graph <code>[[0, 1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 1], [0, 0, 1, 0]]</code> with a start node of <code>3</code> should return an array with two elements.
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testString: assert((function() { var graph = [[0, 1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 1], [0, 0, 1, 0]]; return dfs(graph, 3);})().length === 2);
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- text: The input graph <code>[[0, 1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 1], [0, 0, 1, 0]]</code> with a start node of <code>0</code> should return an array with <code>0</code> and <code>1</code>.
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testString: assert.sameMembers((function() { var graph = [[0, 1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 1], [0, 0, 1, 0]]; return dfs(graph, 0);})(), [0, 1]);
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- text: The input graph <code>[[0, 1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 1], [0, 0, 1, 0]]</code> with a start node of <code>0</code> should return an array with two elements.
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testString: assert((function() { var graph = [[0, 1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 1], [0, 0, 1, 0]]; return dfs(graph, 0);})().length === 2);
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```
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</section>
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## Challenge Seed
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<section id='challengeSeed'>
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<div id='js-seed'>
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```js
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function dfs(graph, root) {
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}
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var exDFSGraph = [
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[0, 1, 0, 0],
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[1, 0, 1, 0],
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[0, 1, 0, 1],
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[0, 0, 1, 0]
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];
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console.log(dfs(exDFSGraph, 3));
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```
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</div>
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</section>
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## Solution
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<section id='solution'>
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```js
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function dfs(graph, root) {
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var stack = [];
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var tempV;
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var visited = [];
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var tempVNeighbors = [];
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stack.push(root);
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while (stack.length > 0) {
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tempV = stack.pop();
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if (visited.indexOf(tempV) == -1) {
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visited.push(tempV);
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tempVNeighbors = graph[tempV];
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for (var i = 0; i < tempVNeighbors.length; i++) {
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if (tempVNeighbors[i] == 1) {
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stack.push(i);
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}
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}
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}
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}
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return visited;
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}
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```
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</section>
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