240 lines
9.8 KiB
Markdown
240 lines
9.8 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Angular 2 Starter Project
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localeTitle: Angular 2入门项目
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---
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本教程将使用Angular2构建一个非常简单的种子项目。我们将从最基本的应用程序开始，然后添加更多功能。
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## 概观
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通过创建包含角度特定标记的HTML模板来构建Angular 2应用程序。然后创建类来管理模板，并将所有内容包装到一个模块中，您可以将它们拼凑在一起以创建应用程序。这些模块称为**组件** 。
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Angular解释这些模块并使用它们在浏览器中显示您的应用程序。
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## 入门申请
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让我们开始使用最小的应用程序。我们将从包含单个模块的应用程序开始，该模块的唯一工作是显示一些文本。
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我们将首先创建一个名为“app”的新文件夹。
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```
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$ mkdir app
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```
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如上所述，我们的应用程序将从单个模块或**组件开始** ，它将向屏幕显示一些文本。我们可以使用纯JavaScript或TypeScript来制作一个有角度的2应用程序。使用TypeScript，它更容易，更方便程序员
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让我们学习如何使用TypeScript创建组件。
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创建一个名为_`app.component.ts`_的文件，如下所示：
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```
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// app.component.ts
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import { Component } from '@angular/core';
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@Component({
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selector: 'my-app',
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template: '<h1>Free Code Camp Rocks!</h1>',
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styles: <a href='http://plnkr.co/edit/BdvNONEmO3Jwg0EavX22' target='_blank' rel='nofollow'>`
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h1 { color: darkgreen; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;}
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`]
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})
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export class AppComponent { }
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```
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每个Angular 2应用程序至少有一个组件，通常名为**AppComponent** 。组件使用其中的模板管理页面的一部分。
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我们的组件演示了您将要编写的任何组件的基本结构。它包含：
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* **import语句**来引入我们需要的其他组件
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* **组件装饰器** ，让angular知道要使用哪个模板以及如何创建组件。基本上，任何与组件相关的元数据。
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* **组件类** ，它控制组件的外观和行为
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让我们仔细看看组件中的每一行。
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## 进口
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```
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import { Component } from '@angular/core';
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```
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由于角度应用程序是模块化的，我们可以导入我们可能需要的任何其他模块或库。在这里，我们将导入Angular 2核心模块，以使我们的组件可以访问`@Component`装饰器。每个应用都需要此导入才能开始使用。
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由于我们导入了上面的`Component`函数，我们现在可以使用它来将元数据与我们的组件类相关联，这将告诉Angular我们应该如何创建组件以及它将提供的操作。
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## 组件装饰器
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```
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@Component({
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selector: 'my-app',
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template: '<h1>Free Code Camp Rocks!</h1>'
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})
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```
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Our metadata object has selector and template fields.
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* The `selector` specifies a CSS selector that indicates which HTML element will represent this component. The element we will use will be named "`my-app`". Angular will use this to create an instance of our component where it finds this element.
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* The `template` tells angular what template it will use for this component. This can refer to other Components or just a form of HTML that tells how to display the view for our component. Our template is just displaying an `h1` element containing the text "`Free Code Camp Rocks!`".
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## Component Class
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Our final line provides an empty class named ***AppComponent***
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```js
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export class AppComponent { }
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```
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If we want to build a more complex component we can add logic and properties to the class. This component is extremely basic and simply displays some html, so its class will remain empty.
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We export our class so we can use it in other components in our application.
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Next, we need to connect our root component to Angular. To do this we create another file in our app folder called *`main.ts`* that will have the following code:
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```js
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import { bootstrap } from '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic';
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import { AppComponent } from './app.component';
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bootstrap(AppComponent);
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```
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This file imports the two items we need to start our app.
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* **`bootstrap`** - Angular's built in method that connects to the browser
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* **`AppComponent`** - Our component we created above (which is why we exported it)
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We then call `bootstrap` method with `AppComponent`
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**Finally, create index.html**
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```html
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<html>
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<head>
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<title>Free Code Camp - Angular 2 Tutorial</title>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
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<!-- 1\. Load libraries -->
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<script src="https://npmcdn.com/core-js/client/shim.min.js"></script>
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<script src="https://npmcdn.com/zone.js@0.6.12?main=browser"></script>
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<script src="https://npmcdn.com/reflect-metadata@0.1.3"></script>
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<script src="https://npmcdn.com/systemjs@0.19.27/dist/system.src.js"></script>
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<!-- 2\. Configure SystemJS -->
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<script src="systemjs.config.js"></script>
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<script>
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System.import('app').catch(function(err){ console.error(err); });
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</script>
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</head>
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<!-- Display app in my-app element -->
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<body>
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<my-app>Loading Your App...</my-app>
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</body>
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</html>
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```
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In commented section 1, we loaded several libraries that improve the compatibility of this tutorial with different browsers/versions. It also imports `system.src.js` which is used as module loader to import the app.
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In section 2, SystemJS is used to load our application and our various modules. In a production example we may want to use something else such as webpack. It was chosen here since we can use it with plunker.
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This is all that is required to get our simple application running. <a href="http://plnkr.co/edit/2i7Wjwd2JGj4NZtKvGD2" target="_blank">Here is a link to a plunker</a> that contains our working application. You can fork it into your own version and change whatever you'd like.
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<a target="_blank" href="http://plnkr.co/edit/2i7Wjwd2JGj4NZtKvGD2">VIEW APP</a>
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## Add Functionality and Another Component
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Now let's add a bit more functionality to our program. We will create a counter that let's you increment it by clicking a button.
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Our increment component will be its own module so that we can reuse it in later applications.
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Let's name our file: `app/increment-clicker.component.ts` and set it up.
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```js
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// app/increment-clicker.component.ts
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import { Component } from '@angular/core';
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@Component({
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selector: 'increment-clicker',
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template: `
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<div className="counter">
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<h1>{{curClicks}} clicks</h1>
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<button type="button" (click)="incrementClicks()">Increment</button>
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</div>
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`,
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styles: [`
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.counter {
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width: 100%;
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margin: auto;
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background: darkgreen;
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border-radius: 5px;
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color: white;
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padding: 20px;
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text-align: center;
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}
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.counter h1 {
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margin: 0;
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padding: 20px;
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font-size: 36px;
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}
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.counter button {
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background: #f1c40f;
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border: 0;
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box-shadow: 0px 5px 0px #927608;
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padding: 20px;
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width: 100%;
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outline: none;
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border-radius: 5px;
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color: darkgreen;
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font-weight: bold;
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}
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.counter button:hover {
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background: #a9890a;
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cursor: pointer;
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}
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`]
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})
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export class IncrementClicker {
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curClicks = 0;
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incrementClicks() {
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this.curClicks++;
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}
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}
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```
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Our component structure is similar to our previous one, but we've added a bit of functionality here. You will notice our class is no longer empty. We've added a variable to track the clicks as well as a function to increment them when the user clicks the button.
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You can display properties from your class in your template using double braces such as: `{{ variableName }}`
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We bind the button click event to our class function using Angulars Event Bindings.
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```html
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<button type="button" (click)="incrementClicks()">Increment</button>
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```
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Notice that we've also added some styling to our components. This way everything is self-contained in this module. You may also include a `templateUrl` and/or `styleUrls` properties instead to extract the template and style rules to an external file and link them here.
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Now we just need to update our `AppComponent` to include our new component:
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```js
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// app/app.component.ts
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import { Component } from '@angular/core';
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/* Nested Component */
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import { IncrementClicker } from 'app/increment-clicker.component';
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@Component({
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selector: 'my-app',
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directives: [IncrementClicker],
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template: `
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<h1>Free Code Camp Rocks!</h1>
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<increment-clicker></increment-clicker>
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`,
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styles: [`
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h1 { color: darkgreen; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;}
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`]
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})
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export class AppComponent { }
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```
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To pull in our new `IncrementClicker` component we need to import it by including the class name as well as the location of the typescript file as we did on this line:
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```js
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import { IncrementClicker } from 'app/increment-clicker.component';
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```
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We then add the `IncrementClicker` *component* as a directive to the `AppComponent` module using:
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```js
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directives: [IncrementClicker],
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```
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最后，我们只需在模板中添加组件连接的标记。因此，我们的`IncrementClicker`组件中的选择器将匹配我们希望它显示的标记。
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`js template:`
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# 免费Code Camp Rocks！
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`,`
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我们的组件现已包含在我们的应用中！
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\[更新代码
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[查看完整的应用程序](http://run.plnkr.co/plunks/BdvNONEmO3Jwg0EavX22/) |