201 lines
4.7 KiB
Markdown
201 lines
4.7 KiB
Markdown
---
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id: 587d7fae367417b2b2512be5
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challengeType: 6
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forumTopicId: 16807
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title: 将 JSON 数据转换为 HTML
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---
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## Description
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<section id='description'>
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现在你可以从 JSON API 获取数据了,你可以在 HTML 中显示它。
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既然 cat photo 对象保存在数组里,你可以使用<code>forEach</code>方法来遍历它。当你拿到每个对象时,你就可以修改 HTML 元素了。
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首先,用<code>let html = "";</code>声明一个变量。
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接着,遍历 JSON,将 HTML 添加到用<code>strong</code>标记键名的变量,后面跟着值。当循环结束后渲染它。
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这是执行此操作的代码:
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```js
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let html = "";
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json.forEach(function(val) {
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const keys = Object.keys(val);
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html += "<div class = 'cat'>";
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keys.forEach(function(key) {
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html += "<strong>" + key + "</strong>: " + val[key] + "<br>";
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});
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html += "</div><br>";
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});
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```
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<strong>注意:</strong> 在本挑战需要给页面添加一个新的 HTML 元素,不能使用 `textContent` 方法,这个方法容易遭受跨站脚本攻击,可以用 `innerHTML` 来完成挑战。
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</section>
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## Instructions
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<section id='instructions'>
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添加一个<code>forEach</code>循环 JSON 数据的方法,并创建 HTML 元素以显示它。
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以下是一个 JSON 示例:
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```json
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[
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{
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"id":0,
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"imageLink":"https://s3.amazonaws.com/freecodecamp/funny-cat.jpg",
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"altText":"A white cat wearing a green helmet shaped melon on its head. ",
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"codeNames":[ "Juggernaut", "Mrs. Wallace", "Buttercup"
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]
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}
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]
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```
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</section>
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## Tests
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<section id='tests'>
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```yml
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tests:
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- text: 你的代码应该将数据保存在<code>html</code>变量中。
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testString: assert(code.match(/html\s+?(\+=|=\shtml\s\+)/g));
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- text: 你的代码应该使用<code>forEach</code>方法来遍历 API 中的 JSON 数据。
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testString: assert(code.match(/json\.forEach/g));
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- text: 你的代码应该将键名包装在<code>strong</code>标签中。
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testString: assert(code.match(/<strong>.+<\/strong>/g));
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```
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</section>
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## Challenge Seed
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<section id='challengeSeed'>
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<div id='html-seed'>
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```html
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<script>
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document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){
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document.getElementById('getMessage').onclick = function(){
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const req = new XMLHttpRequest();
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req.open("GET",'/json/cats.json',true);
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req.send();
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req.onload = function(){
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const json = JSON.parse(req.responseText);
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let html = "";
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// 在这行下面添加代码
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// 在这行上面添加代码
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document.getElementsByClassName('message')[0].innerHTML = html;
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};
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};
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});
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</script>
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<style>
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body {
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text-align: center;
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font-family: "Helvetica", sans-serif;
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}
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h1 {
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font-size: 2em;
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font-weight: bold;
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}
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.box {
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border-radius: 5px;
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background-color: #eee;
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padding: 20px 5px;
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}
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button {
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color: white;
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background-color: #4791d0;
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border-radius: 5px;
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border: 1px solid #4791d0;
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padding: 5px 10px 8px 10px;
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}
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button:hover {
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background-color: #0F5897;
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border: 1px solid #0F5897;
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}
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</style>
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<h1>Cat Photo Finder</h1>
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<p class="message box">
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The message will go here
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</p>
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<p>
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<button id="getMessage">
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Get Message
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</button>
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</p>
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```
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</div>
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</section>
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## Solution
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<section id='solution'>
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```html
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<script>
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document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){
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document.getElementById('getMessage').onclick = function(){
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const req = new XMLHttpRequest();
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req.open("GET",'/json/cats.json',true);
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req.send();
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req.onload = function(){
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const json = JSON.parse(req.responseText);
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let html = "";
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// Add your code below this line
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json.forEach(function(val) {
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var keys = Object.keys(val);
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html += "<div class = 'cat'>";
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keys.forEach(function(key) {
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html += "<strong>" + key + "</strong>: " + val[key] + "<br>";
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});
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html += "</div><br>";
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});
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// Add your code above this line
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document.getElementsByClassName('message')[0].innerHTML = html;
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};
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};
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});
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</script>
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<style>
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body {
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text-align: center;
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font-family: "Helvetica", sans-serif;
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}
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h1 {
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font-size: 2em;
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font-weight: bold;
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}
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.box {
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border-radius: 5px;
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background-color: #eee;
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padding: 20px 5px;
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}
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button {
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color: white;
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background-color: #4791d0;
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border-radius: 5px;
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border: 1px solid #4791d0;
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padding: 5px 10px 8px 10px;
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}
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button:hover {
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background-color: #0F5897;
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border: 1px solid #0F5897;
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}
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</style>
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<h1>Cat Photo Finder</h1>
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<p class="message">
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The message will go here
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</p>
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<p>
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<button id="getMessage">
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Get Message
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</button>
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</p>
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```
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</section>
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