freeCodeCamp/guide/english/java/basic-operations/index.md

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Basic Operations

Basic Operations

Java supports the following operations on variables:

• Arithmetic : Addition (+), Subtraction (-), Multiplication (*), Division (/), Modulus (%),Increment (++),Decrement (--).
• String concatenation: + can be used for String concatenation, but subtraction - on a String is not a valid operation.
• Relational: Equal to (==), Not Equal to (!=), Greater than (>), Less than (<), Greater than or equal to (>=), Less than or equal to (<=)
• Bitwise: Bitwise And (&), Bitwise Or (|), Bitwise XOR (^), Bitwise Compliment (~), Left shift (<<), Right Shift (>>), Zero fill right shift (>>>)
• Logical: Logical And (&&), Logical Or (||), Logical Not (!)
• Assignment: =, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=, <<=, >>=, &=, ^=, |=
• Others: Conditional/Ternary(?:), instanceof

While most of the operations are self-explanatory, the Conditional (Ternary) Operator works as follows:

expression that results in boolean output ? return this value if true : return this value if false;

Example: True Condition:

    int x = 10;
    int y = (x == 10) ? 5 : 9; // y will equal 5 since the expression x == 10 evaluates to true
    

False Condition:

    int x = 25;
    int y = (x == 10) ? 5 : 9; // y will equal 9 since the expression x == 10 evaluates to false

The instance of operator is used for type checking. It can be used to test if an object is an instance of a class, a subclass or an interface. General format- object instance of class/subclass/interface

Here is a program to illustrate instanecof operator:

  Person obj1 = new Person();
        Person obj2 = new Boy();
 
        // As obj is of type person, it is not an
        // instance of Boy or interface
        System.out.println("obj1 instanceof Person: " +  (obj1 instanceof Person)); /*it returns true since obj1 is an instance of person */