params: release Geth v1.8.5 - Dirty Derivative²

DialContext allows users to pass a Context object for cancellation.
Close closes the underlying RPC connection.

.dockerignore

@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
 **/.git
+.git
+!.git/HEAD
+!.git/refs/heads
 **/*_test.go
 
 build/_workspace

.gitattributes

@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 # Auto detect text files and perform LF normalization
 * text=auto
+*.sol linguist-language=Solidity

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# Lines starting with '#' are comments.
+# Each line is a file pattern followed by one or more owners.
+
+accounts/usbwallet @karalabe
+consensus          @karalabe
+core/              @karalabe @holiman
+eth/               @karalabe
+les/               @zsfelfoldi
+light/             @zsfelfoldi
+mobile/            @karalabe
+p2p/               @fjl @zsfelfoldi
+whisper/           @gballet @gluk256

.github/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 Before you do a feature request please check and make sure that it isn't possible
 through some other means. The JavaScript enabled console is a powerful feature
-in the right hands. Please check our [Bitchin' tricks](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki/bitchin-tricks) wiki page for more info
+in the right hands. Please check our [Wiki page](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki) for more info
 and help.
 
 ## Contributing

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -1,3 +1,9 @@
+Hi there,
+
+please note that this is an issue tracker reserved for bug reports and feature requests.
+
+For general questions please use the gitter channel or the Ethereum stack exchange at https://ethereum.stackexchange.com.
+
 #### System information
 
 Geth version: `geth version`

.github/no-response.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+# Number of days of inactivity before an Issue is closed for lack of response
+daysUntilClose: 30
+# Label requiring a response
+responseRequiredLabel: more-information-needed
+# Comment to post when closing an Issue for lack of response. Set to `false` to disable
+closeComment: >
+  This issue has been automatically closed because there has been no response
+  to our request for more information from the original author. With only the
+  information that is currently in the issue, we don't have enough information
+  to take action. Please reach out if you have or find the answers we need so
+  that we can investigate further.

.github/stale.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Number of days of inactivity before an issue becomes stale
+daysUntilStale: 366
+# Number of days of inactivity before a stale issue is closed
+daysUntilClose: 42
+# Issues with these labels will never be considered stale
+exemptLabels:
+  - pinned
+  - security
+# Label to use when marking an issue as stale
+staleLabel: stale
+# Comment to post when marking an issue as stale. Set to `false` to disable
+markComment: >
+  This issue has been automatically marked as stale because it has not had
+  recent activity. It will be closed if no further activity occurs. Thank you
+  for your contributions.
+# Comment to post when closing a stale issue. Set to `false` to disable
+closeComment: false

.gitignore

@@ -33,3 +33,15 @@ profile.cov
 
 # IdeaIDE
 .idea
+
+# VS Code
+.vscode
+
+# dashboard
+/dashboard/assets/flow-typed
+/dashboard/assets/node_modules
+/dashboard/assets/stats.json
+/dashboard/assets/bundle.js
+/dashboard/assets/package-lock.json
+
+**/yarn-error.log

.mailmap

@@ -65,7 +65,8 @@ Enrique Fynn <enriquefynn@gmail.com>
 
 Vincent G <caktux@gmail.com>
 
-RJ Catalano <rj@erisindustries.com>
+RJ Catalano <catalanor0220@gmail.com>
+RJ Catalano <catalanor0220@gmail.com> <rj@erisindustries.com>
 
 Nchinda Nchinda <nchinda2@gmail.com>
 
@@ -109,3 +110,14 @@ Frank Wang <eternnoir@gmail.com>
 Gary Rong <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
 
 Guillaume Nicolas <guin56@gmail.com>
+
+Sorin Neacsu <sorin.neacsu@gmail.com>
+Sorin Neacsu <sorin.neacsu@gmail.com> <sorin@users.noreply.github.com>
+
+Valentin Wüstholz <wuestholz@gmail.com>
+Valentin Wüstholz <wuestholz@gmail.com> <wuestholz@users.noreply.github.com>
+
+Armin Braun <me@obrown.io>
+
+Ernesto del Toro <ernesto.deltoro@gmail.com>
+Ernesto del Toro <ernesto.deltoro@gmail.com> <ernestodeltoro@users.noreply.github.com>

.travis.yml

@@ -6,69 +6,80 @@ matrix:
     - os: linux
       dist: trusty
       sudo: required
-      go: 1.7.x
+      go: 1.9.x
       script:
-        - sudo -E apt-get -yq --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends --force-yes install fuse
         - sudo modprobe fuse
         - sudo chmod 666 /dev/fuse
         - sudo chown root:$USER /etc/fuse.conf
         - go run build/ci.go install
-        - go run build/ci.go test -coverage
-
-    - os: linux
-      dist: trusty
-      sudo: required
-      go: 1.8.x
-      script:
-        - sudo -E apt-get -yq --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends --force-yes install fuse
-        - sudo modprobe fuse
-        - sudo chmod 666 /dev/fuse
-        - sudo chown root:$USER /etc/fuse.conf
-        - go run build/ci.go install
-        - go run build/ci.go test -coverage
+        - go run build/ci.go test -coverage $TEST_PACKAGES
 
     # These are the latest Go versions.
     - os: linux
       dist: trusty
       sudo: required
-      go: 1.9.x
+      go: 1.10.x
       script:
-        - sudo -E apt-get -yq --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends --force-yes install fuse
         - sudo modprobe fuse
         - sudo chmod 666 /dev/fuse
         - sudo chown root:$USER /etc/fuse.conf
         - go run build/ci.go install
-        - go run build/ci.go test -coverage -misspell
+        - go run build/ci.go test -coverage $TEST_PACKAGES
 
     - os: osx
-      go: 1.9.x
-      sudo: required
+      go: 1.10.x
       script:
+        - unset -f cd # workaround for https://github.com/travis-ci/travis-ci/issues/8703
         - brew update
         - brew install caskroom/cask/brew-cask
         - brew cask install osxfuse
         - go run build/ci.go install
-        - go run build/ci.go test -coverage -misspell
+        - go run build/ci.go test -coverage $TEST_PACKAGES
 
-    # This builder does the Ubuntu PPA and Linux Azure uploads
+    # This builder only tests code linters on latest version of Go
     - os: linux
       dist: trusty
-      sudo: required
-      go: 1.9.x
+      go: 1.10.x
+      env:
+        - lint
+      git:
+        submodules: false # avoid cloning ethereum/tests
+      script:
+        - go run build/ci.go lint
+
+    # This builder does the Ubuntu PPA upload
+    - os: linux
+      dist: trusty
+      go: 1.10.x
       env:
         - ubuntu-ppa
-        - azure-linux
+      git:
+        submodules: false # avoid cloning ethereum/tests
       addons:
         apt:
           packages:
             - devscripts
             - debhelper
             - dput
-            - gcc-multilib
             - fakeroot
       script:
-        # Build for the primary platforms that Trusty can manage
         - go run build/ci.go debsrc -signer "Go Ethereum Linux Builder <geth-ci@ethereum.org>" -upload ppa:ethereum/ethereum
+
+    # This builder does the Linux Azure uploads
+    - os: linux
+      dist: trusty
+      sudo: required
+      go: 1.10.x
+      env:
+        - azure-linux
+      git:
+        submodules: false # avoid cloning ethereum/tests
+      addons:
+        apt:
+          packages:
+            - gcc-multilib
+      script:
+        # Build for the primary platforms that Trusty can manage
         - go run build/ci.go install
         - go run build/ci.go archive -type tar -signer LINUX_SIGNING_KEY -upload gethstore/builds
         - go run build/ci.go install -arch 386
@@ -78,24 +89,25 @@ matrix:
         - sudo -E apt-get -yq --no-install-suggests --no-install-recommends --force-yes install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi libc6-dev-armel-cross gcc-arm-linux-gnueabihf libc6-dev-armhf-cross gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu libc6-dev-arm64-cross
         - sudo ln -s /usr/include/asm-generic /usr/include/asm
 
-        - GOARM=5 CC=arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc go run build/ci.go install -arch arm
+        - GOARM=5 go run build/ci.go install -arch arm -cc arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc
         - GOARM=5 go run build/ci.go archive -arch arm -type tar -signer LINUX_SIGNING_KEY -upload gethstore/builds
-        - GOARM=6 CC=arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc go run build/ci.go install -arch arm
+        - GOARM=6 go run build/ci.go install -arch arm -cc arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc
         - GOARM=6 go run build/ci.go archive -arch arm -type tar -signer LINUX_SIGNING_KEY -upload gethstore/builds
-        - GOARM=7 CC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc go run build/ci.go install -arch arm
+        - GOARM=7 go run build/ci.go install -arch arm -cc arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc
         - GOARM=7 go run build/ci.go archive -arch arm -type tar -signer LINUX_SIGNING_KEY -upload gethstore/builds
-        - CC=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc go run build/ci.go install -arch arm64
+        - go run build/ci.go install -arch arm64 -cc aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc
         - go run build/ci.go archive -arch arm64 -type tar -signer LINUX_SIGNING_KEY -upload gethstore/builds
 
     # This builder does the Linux Azure MIPS xgo uploads
     - os: linux
       dist: trusty
-      sudo: required
       services:
         - docker
-      go: 1.9.x
+      go: 1.10.x
       env:
         - azure-linux-mips
+      git:
+        submodules: false # avoid cloning ethereum/tests
       script:
         - go run build/ci.go xgo --alltools -- --targets=linux/mips --ldflags '-extldflags "-static"' -v
         - for bin in build/bin/*-linux-mips; do mv -f "${bin}" "${bin/-linux-mips/}"; done
@@ -132,17 +144,19 @@ matrix:
       env:
         - azure-android
         - maven-android
+      git:
+        submodules: false # avoid cloning ethereum/tests
       before_install:
-        - curl https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.9.linux-amd64.tar.gz | tar -xz
+        - curl https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.10.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz | tar -xz
         - export PATH=`pwd`/go/bin:$PATH
         - export GOROOT=`pwd`/go
         - export GOPATH=$HOME/go
       script:
         # Build the Android archive and upload it to Maven Central and Azure
-        - curl https://dl.google.com/android/repository/android-ndk-r14b-linux-x86_64.zip -o android-ndk-r14b.zip
-        - unzip -q android-ndk-r14b.zip && rm android-ndk-r14b.zip
-        - mv android-ndk-r14b $HOME
-        - export ANDROID_NDK=$HOME/android-ndk-r14b
+        - curl https://dl.google.com/android/repository/android-ndk-r15c-linux-x86_64.zip -o android-ndk-r15c.zip
+        - unzip -q android-ndk-r15c.zip && rm android-ndk-r15c.zip
+        - mv android-ndk-r15c $HOME
+        - export ANDROID_NDK=$HOME/android-ndk-r15c
 
         - mkdir -p $GOPATH/src/github.com/ethereum
         - ln -s `pwd` $GOPATH/src/github.com/ethereum
@@ -150,11 +164,13 @@ matrix:
 
     # This builder does the OSX Azure, iOS CocoaPods and iOS Azure uploads
     - os: osx
-      go: 1.9.x
+      go: 1.10.x
       env:
         - azure-osx
         - azure-ios
         - cocoapods-ios
+      git:
+        submodules: false # avoid cloning ethereum/tests
       script:
         - go run build/ci.go install
         - go run build/ci.go archive -type tar -signer OSX_SIGNING_KEY -upload gethstore/builds
@@ -170,24 +186,21 @@ matrix:
         - xctool -version
         - xcrun simctl list
 
+        # Workaround for https://github.com/golang/go/issues/23749
+        - export CGO_CFLAGS_ALLOW='-fmodules|-fblocks|-fobjc-arc'
         - go run build/ci.go xcode -signer IOS_SIGNING_KEY -deploy trunk -upload gethstore/builds
 
     # This builder does the Azure archive purges to avoid accumulating junk
     - os: linux
       dist: trusty
-      sudo: required
-      go: 1.9.x
+      go: 1.10.x
       env:
         - azure-purge
+      git:
+        submodules: false # avoid cloning ethereum/tests
       script:
         - go run build/ci.go purge -store gethstore/builds -days 14
 
-install:
-  - go get golang.org/x/tools/cmd/cover
-script:
-  - go run build/ci.go install
-  - go run build/ci.go test -coverage
-
 notifications:
   webhooks:
     urls:

AUTHORS

@@ -1,85 +1,173 @@
 # This is the official list of go-ethereum authors for copyright purposes.
 
+Afri Schoedon <5chdn@users.noreply.github.com>
+Agustin Armellini Fischer <armellini13@gmail.com>
+Airead <fgh1987168@gmail.com>
+Alan Chen <alanchchen@users.noreply.github.com>
+Alejandro Isaza <alejandro.isaza@gmail.com>
 Ales Katona <ales@coinbase.com>
 Alex Leverington <alex@ethdev.com>
+Alex Wu <wuyiding@gmail.com>
 Alexandre Van de Sande <alex.vandesande@ethdev.com>
+Ali Hajimirza <Ali92hm@users.noreply.github.com>
+Anton Evangelatov <anton.evangelatov@gmail.com>
+Arba Sasmoyo <arba.sasmoyo@gmail.com>
+Armani Ferrante <armaniferrante@berkeley.edu>
+Armin Braun <me@obrown.io>
 Aron Fischer <github@aron.guru>
 Bas van Kervel <bas@ethdev.com>
 Benjamin Brent <benjamin@benjaminbrent.com>
+Benoit Verkindt <benoit.verkindt@gmail.com>
+Bo <bohende@gmail.com>
+Bo Ye <boy.e.computer.1982@outlook.com>
+Bob Glickstein <bobg@users.noreply.github.com>
 Brian Schroeder <bts@gmail.com>
 Casey Detrio <cdetrio@gmail.com>
+Chase Wright <mysticryuujin@gmail.com>
 Christoph Jentzsch <jentzsch.software@gmail.com>
 Daniel A. Nagy <nagy.da@gmail.com>
+Daniel Sloof <goapsychadelic@gmail.com>
+Darrel Herbst <dherbst@gmail.com>
+Dave Appleton <calistralabs@gmail.com>
 Diego Siqueira <DiSiqueira@users.noreply.github.com>
+Dmitry Shulyak <yashulyak@gmail.com>
+Egon Elbre <egonelbre@gmail.com>
+Elias Naur <elias.naur@gmail.com>
 Elliot Shepherd <elliot@identitii.com>
 Enrique Fynn <enriquefynn@gmail.com>
+Ernesto del Toro <ernesto.deltoro@gmail.com>
 Ethan Buchman <ethan@coinculture.info>
+Eugene Valeyev <evgen.povt@gmail.com>
+Evangelos Pappas <epappas@evalonlabs.com>
+Evgeny Danilenko <6655321@bk.ru>
 Fabian Vogelsteller <fabian@frozeman.de>
+Fabio Barone <fabio.barone.co@gmail.com>
 Fabio Berger <fabioberger1991@gmail.com>
+FaceHo <facehoshi@gmail.com>
 Felix Lange <fjl@twurst.com>
+Fiisio <liangcszzu@163.com>
 Frank Wang <eternnoir@gmail.com>
+Furkan KAMACI <furkankamaci@gmail.com>
 Gary Rong <garyrong0905@gmail.com>
+George Ornbo <george@shapeshed.com>
 Gregg Dourgarian <greggd@tempworks.com>
+Guillaume Ballet <gballet@gmail.com>
 Guillaume Nicolas <guin56@gmail.com>
 Gustav Simonsson <gustav.simonsson@gmail.com>
 Hao Bryan Cheng <haobcheng@gmail.com>
 Henning Diedrich <hd@eonblast.com>
 Isidoro Ghezzi <isidoro.ghezzi@icloud.com>
+Ivan Daniluk <ivan.daniluk@gmail.com>
 Jae Kwon <jkwon.work@gmail.com>
 Jamie Pitts <james.pitts@gmail.com>
+Janoš Guljaš <janos@users.noreply.github.com>
 Jason Carver <jacarver@linkedin.com>
+Jay Guo <guojiannan1101@gmail.com>
 Jeff R. Allen <jra@nella.org>
 Jeffrey Wilcke <jeffrey@ethereum.org>
 Jens Agerberg <github@agerberg.me>
+Jia Chenhui <jiachenhui1989@gmail.com>
+Jim McDonald <Jim@mcdee.net>
+Joel Burget <joelburget@gmail.com>
 Jonathan Brown <jbrown@bluedroplet.com>
 Joseph Chow <ethereum@outlook.com>
 Justin Clark-Casey <justincc@justincc.org>
 Justin Drake <drakefjustin@gmail.com>
 Kenji Siu <kenji@isuntv.com>
 Kobi Gurkan <kobigurk@gmail.com>
+Konrad Feldmeier <konrad@brainbot.com>
+Kurkó Mihály <kurkomisi@users.noreply.github.com>
+Kyuntae Ethan Kim <ethan.kyuntae.kim@gmail.com>
 Lefteris Karapetsas <lefteris@refu.co>
 Leif Jurvetson <leijurv@gmail.com>
+Leo Shklovskii <leo@thermopylae.net>
 Lewis Marshall <lewis@lmars.net>
+Lio李欧 <lionello@users.noreply.github.com>
 Louis Holbrook <dev@holbrook.no>
 Luca Zeug <luclu@users.noreply.github.com>
+Magicking <s@6120.eu>
 Maran Hidskes <maran.hidskes@gmail.com>
 Marek Kotewicz <marek.kotewicz@gmail.com>
+Mark <markya0616@gmail.com>
 Martin Holst Swende <martin@swende.se>
 Matthew Di Ferrante <mattdf@users.noreply.github.com>
 Matthew Wampler-Doty <matthew.wampler.doty@gmail.com>
+Maximilian Meister <mmeister@suse.de>
 Micah Zoltu <micah@zoltu.net>
+Michael Ruminer <michael.ruminer+github@gmail.com>
+Miguel Mota <miguelmota2@gmail.com>
+Miya Chen <miyatlchen@gmail.com>
 Nchinda Nchinda <nchinda2@gmail.com>
 Nick Dodson <silentcicero@outlook.com>
 Nick Johnson <arachnid@notdot.net>
+Nicolas Guillaume <gunicolas@sqli.com>
+Noman <noman@noman.land>
+Oli Bye <olibye@users.noreply.github.com>
+Paul Litvak <litvakpol@012.net.il>
 Paulo L F Casaretto <pcasaretto@gmail.com>
+Paweł Bylica <chfast@gmail.com>
 Peter Pratscher <pratscher@gmail.com>
+Petr Mikusek <petr@mikusek.info>
 Péter Szilágyi <peterke@gmail.com>
-RJ Catalano <rj@erisindustries.com>
+RJ Catalano <catalanor0220@gmail.com>
 Ramesh Nair <ram@hiddentao.com>
 Ricardo Catalinas Jiménez <r@untroubled.be>
+Ricardo Domingos <ricardohsd@gmail.com>
+Richard Hart <richardhart92@gmail.com>
+Rob <robert@rojotek.com>
+Robert Zaremba <robert.zaremba@scale-it.pl>
+Russ Cox <rsc@golang.org>
 Rémy Roy <remyroy@remyroy.com>
+S. Matthew English <s-matthew-english@users.noreply.github.com>
 Shintaro Kaneko <kaneshin0120@gmail.com>
+Sorin Neacsu <sorin.neacsu@gmail.com>
 Stein Dekker <dekker.stein@gmail.com>
+Steve Waldman <swaldman@mchange.com>
 Steven Roose <stevenroose@gmail.com>
 Taylor Gerring <taylor.gerring@gmail.com>
 Thomas Bocek <tom@tomp2p.net>
+Ti Zhou <tizhou1986@gmail.com>
 Tosh Camille <tochecamille@gmail.com>
-Valentin Wüstholz <wuestholz@users.noreply.github.com>
+Valentin Wüstholz <wuestholz@gmail.com>
 Victor Farazdagi <simple.square@gmail.com>
 Victor Tran <vu.tran54@gmail.com>
 Viktor Trón <viktor.tron@gmail.com>
 Ville Sundell <github@solarius.fi>
 Vincent G <caktux@gmail.com>
 Vitalik Buterin <v@buterin.com>
+Vitaly V <vvelikodny@gmail.com>
 Vivek Anand <vivekanand1101@users.noreply.github.com>
 Vlad Gluhovsky <gluk256@users.noreply.github.com>
 Yohann Léon <sybiload@gmail.com>
 Yoichi Hirai <i@yoichihirai.com>
+Yondon Fu <yondon.fu@gmail.com>
+Zach <zach.ramsay@gmail.com>
 Zahoor Mohamed <zahoor@zahoor.in>
+Zoe Nolan <github@zoenolan.org>
 Zsolt Felföldi <zsfelfoldi@gmail.com>
+am2rican5 <am2rican5@gmail.com>
+ayeowch <ayeowch@gmail.com>
+b00ris <b00ris@mail.ru>
+bailantaotao <Edwin@maicoin.com>
+baizhenxuan <nkbai@163.com>
+bloonfield <bloonfield@163.com>
+changhong <changhong.yu@shanbay.com>
+evgk <evgeniy.kamyshev@gmail.com>
+ferhat elmas <elmas.ferhat@gmail.com>
 holisticode <holistic.computing@gmail.com>
+jtakalai <juuso.takalainen@streamr.com>
 ken10100147 <sunhongping@kanjian.com>
 ligi <ligi@ligi.de>
+mark.lin <mark@maicoin.com>
+necaremus <necaremus@gmail.com>
+njupt-moon <1015041018@njupt.edu.cn>
+nkbai <nkbai@163.com>
+rhaps107 <dod-source@yandex.ru>
+slumber1122 <slumber1122@gmail.com>
+sunxiaojun2014 <sunxiaojun-xy@360.cn>
+terasum <terasum@163.com>
+tsarpaul <Litvakpol@012.net.il>
 xiekeyang <xiekeyang@users.noreply.github.com>
+yoza <yoza.is12s@gmail.com>
 ΞTHΞЯSPHΞЯΞ <{viktor.tron,nagydani,zsfelfoldi}@gmail.com>
 Максим Чусовлянов <mchusovlianov@gmail.com>

Dockerfile

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # Build Geth in a stock Go builder container
-FROM golang:1.9-alpine as builder
+FROM golang:1.10-alpine as builder
 
 RUN apk add --no-cache make gcc musl-dev linux-headers
 
@@ -12,5 +12,11 @@ FROM alpine:latest
 RUN apk add --no-cache ca-certificates
 COPY --from=builder /go-ethereum/build/bin/geth /usr/local/bin/
 
-EXPOSE 8545 8546 30303 30303/udp
+RUN addgroup -g 1000 geth && \
+    adduser -h /root -D -u 1000 -G geth geth && \
+    chown geth:geth /root
+
+USER geth
+
+EXPOSE 8545 8546 30303 30303/udp 30304/udp
 ENTRYPOINT ["geth"]

Dockerfile.alltools

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# Build Geth in a stock Go builder container
+FROM golang:1.10-alpine as builder
+
+RUN apk add --no-cache make gcc musl-dev linux-headers
+
+ADD . /go-ethereum
+RUN cd /go-ethereum && make all
+
+# Pull all binaries into a second stage deploy alpine container
+FROM alpine:latest
+
+RUN apk add --no-cache ca-certificates
+COPY --from=builder /go-ethereum/build/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
+
+RUN addgroup -g 1000 geth && \
+    adduser -h /root -D -u 1000 -G geth geth && \
+    chown geth:geth /root
+
+USER geth
+
+EXPOSE 8545 8546 30303 30303/udp 30304/udp

Makefile

@@ -37,6 +37,9 @@ ios:
 test: all
 	build/env.sh go run build/ci.go test
 
+lint: ## Run linters.
+	build/env.sh go run build/ci.go lint
+
 clean:
 	rm -fr build/_workspace/pkg/ $(GOBIN)/*
 
@@ -45,9 +48,13 @@ clean:
 
 devtools:
 	env GOBIN= go get -u golang.org/x/tools/cmd/stringer
-	env GOBIN= go get -u github.com/jteeuwen/go-bindata/go-bindata
+	env GOBIN= go get -u github.com/kevinburke/go-bindata/go-bindata
 	env GOBIN= go get -u github.com/fjl/gencodec
+	env GOBIN= go get -u github.com/golang/protobuf/protoc-gen-go
 	env GOBIN= go install ./cmd/abigen
+	@type "npm" 2> /dev/null || echo 'Please install node.js and npm'
+	@type "solc" 2> /dev/null || echo 'Please install solc'
+	@type "protoc" 2> /dev/null || echo 'Please install protoc'
 
 # Cross Compilation Targets (xgo)
 

README.md

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ Official golang implementation of the Ethereum protocol.
 [![API Reference](
 https://camo.githubusercontent.com/915b7be44ada53c290eb157634330494ebe3e30a/68747470733a2f2f676f646f632e6f72672f6769746875622e636f6d2f676f6c616e672f6764646f3f7374617475732e737667
 )](https://godoc.org/github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum)
+[![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum)
+[![Travis](https://travis-ci.org/ethereum/go-ethereum.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/ethereum/go-ethereum)
 [![Gitter](https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg)](https://gitter.im/ethereum/go-ethereum?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge)
 
 Automated builds are available for stable releases and the unstable master branch.
@@ -35,7 +37,7 @@ The go-ethereum project comes with several wrappers/executables found in the `cm
 | **`geth`** | Our main Ethereum CLI client. It is the entry point into the Ethereum network (main-, test- or private net), capable of running as a full node (default) archive node (retaining all historical state) or a light node (retrieving data live). It can be used by other processes as a gateway into the Ethereum network via JSON RPC endpoints exposed on top of HTTP, WebSocket and/or IPC transports. `geth --help` and the [CLI Wiki page](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki/Command-Line-Options) for command line options. |
 | `abigen` | Source code generator to convert Ethereum contract definitions into easy to use, compile-time type-safe Go packages. It operates on plain [Ethereum contract ABIs](https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Ethereum-Contract-ABI) with expanded functionality if the contract bytecode is also available. However it also accepts Solidity source files, making development much more streamlined. Please see our [Native DApps](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki/Native-DApps:-Go-bindings-to-Ethereum-contracts) wiki page for details. |
 | `bootnode` | Stripped down version of our Ethereum client implementation that only takes part in the network node discovery protocol, but does not run any of the higher level application protocols. It can be used as a lightweight bootstrap node to aid in finding peers in private networks. |
-| `evm` | Developer utility version of the EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) that is capable of running bytecode snippets within a configurable environment and execution mode. Its purpose is to allow insolated, fine-grained debugging of EVM opcodes (e.g. `evm --code 60ff60ff --debug`). |
+| `evm` | Developer utility version of the EVM (Ethereum Virtual Machine) that is capable of running bytecode snippets within a configurable environment and execution mode. Its purpose is to allow isolated, fine-grained debugging of EVM opcodes (e.g. `evm --code 60ff60ff --debug`). |
 | `gethrpctest` | Developer utility tool to support our [ethereum/rpc-test](https://github.com/ethereum/rpc-tests) test suite which validates baseline conformity to the [Ethereum JSON RPC](https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JSON-RPC) specs. Please see the [test suite's readme](https://github.com/ethereum/rpc-tests/blob/master/README.md) for details. |
 | `rlpdump` | Developer utility tool to convert binary RLP ([Recursive Length Prefix](https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/RLP)) dumps (data encoding used by the Ethereum protocol both network as well as consensus wise) to user friendlier hierarchical representation (e.g. `rlpdump --hex CE0183FFFFFFC4C304050583616263`). |
 | `swarm`    | swarm daemon and tools. This is the entrypoint for the swarm network. `swarm --help` for command line options and subcommands. See https://swarm-guide.readthedocs.io for swarm documentation. |
@@ -56,16 +58,14 @@ the user doesn't care about years-old historical data, so we can fast-sync quick
 state of the network. To do so:
 
 ```
-$ geth --fast --cache=512 console
+$ geth console
 ```
 
 This command will:
 
- * Start geth in fast sync mode (`--fast`), causing it to download more data in exchange for avoiding
-   processing the entire history of the Ethereum network, which is very CPU intensive.
- * Bump the memory allowance of the database to 512MB (`--cache=512`), which can help significantly in
-   sync times especially for HDD users. This flag is optional and you can set it as high or as low as
-   you'd like, though we'd recommend the 512MB - 2GB range.
+ * Start geth in fast sync mode (default, can be changed with the `--syncmode` flag), causing it to
+   download more data in exchange for avoiding processing the entire history of the Ethereum network,
+   which is very CPU intensive.
  * Start up Geth's built-in interactive [JavaScript console](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki/JavaScript-Console),
    (via the trailing `console` subcommand) through which you can invoke all official [`web3` methods](https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JavaScript-API)
    as well as Geth's own [management APIs](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki/Management-APIs).
@@ -80,12 +80,11 @@ entire system. In other words, instead of attaching to the main network, you wan
 network with your node, which is fully equivalent to the main network, but with play-Ether only.
 
 ```
-$ geth --testnet --fast --cache=512 console
+$ geth --testnet console
 ```
 
-The `--fast`, `--cache` flags and `console` subcommand have the exact same meaning as above and they
-are equally useful on the testnet too. Please see above for their explanations if you've skipped to
-here.
+The `console` subcommand have the exact same meaning as above and they are equally useful on the
+testnet too. Please see above for their explanations if you've skipped to here.
 
 Specifying the `--testnet` flag however will reconfigure your Geth instance a bit:
 
@@ -102,6 +101,14 @@ over between the main network and test network, you should make sure to always u
 for play-money and real-money. Unless you manually move accounts, Geth will by default correctly
 separate the two networks and will not make any accounts available between them.*
 
+### Full node on the Rinkeby test network
+
+The above test network is a cross client one based on the ethash proof-of-work consensus algorithm. As such, it has certain extra overhead and is more susceptible to reorganization attacks due to the network's low difficulty / security. Go Ethereum also supports connecting to a proof-of-authority based test network called [*Rinkeby*](https://www.rinkeby.io) (operated by members of the community). This network is lighter, more secure, but is only supported by go-ethereum.
+
+```
+$ geth --rinkeby console
+```
+
 ### Configuration
 
 As an alternative to passing the numerous flags to the `geth` binary, you can also pass a configuration file via:
@@ -125,15 +132,17 @@ One of the quickest ways to get Ethereum up and running on your machine is by us
 ```
 docker run -d --name ethereum-node -v /Users/alice/ethereum:/root \
            -p 8545:8545 -p 30303:30303 \
-           ethereum/client-go --fast --cache=512
+           ethereum/client-go
 ```
 
-This will start geth in fast sync mode with a DB memory allowance of 512MB just as the above command does.  It will also create a persistent volume in your home directory for saving your blockchain as well as map the default ports. There is also an `alpine` tag available for a slim version of the image.
+This will start geth in fast-sync mode with a DB memory allowance of 1GB just as the above command does.  It will also create a persistent volume in your home directory for saving your blockchain as well as map the default ports. There is also an `alpine` tag available for a slim version of the image.
+
+Do not forget `--rpcaddr 0.0.0.0`, if you want to access RPC from other containers and/or hosts. By default, `geth` binds to the local interface and RPC endpoints is not accessible from the outside.
 
 ### Programatically interfacing Geth nodes
 
 As a developer, sooner rather than later you'll want to start interacting with Geth and the Ethereum
-network via your own programs and not manually through the console. To aid this, Geth has built in
+network via your own programs and not manually through the console. To aid this, Geth has built-in
 support for a JSON-RPC based APIs ([standard APIs](https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/JSON-RPC) and
 [Geth specific APIs](https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki/Management-APIs)). These can be
 exposed via HTTP, WebSockets and IPC (unix sockets on unix based platforms, and named pipes on Windows).
@@ -264,7 +273,7 @@ instance for mining, run it with all your usual flags, extended by:
 $ geth <usual-flags> --mine --minerthreads=1 --etherbase=0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000
 ```
 
-Which will start mining bocks and transactions on a single CPU thread, crediting all proceedings to
+Which will start mining blocks and transactions on a single CPU thread, crediting all proceedings to
 the account specified by `--etherbase`. You can further tune the mining by changing the default gas
 limit blocks converge to (`--targetgaslimit`) and the price transactions are accepted at (`--gasprice`).
 

VERSION

@@ -1 +1 @@
-1.7.2
+1.8.5

accounts/abi/abi.go

@@ -17,13 +17,10 @@
 package abi
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"reflect"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 )
 
 // The ABI holds information about a contract's context and available
@@ -54,136 +51,52 @@ func JSON(reader io.Reader) (ABI, error) {
 // methods string signature. (signature = baz(uint32,string32))
 func (abi ABI) Pack(name string, args ...interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
 	// Fetch the ABI of the requested method
-	var method Method
-
 	if name == "" {
-		method = abi.Constructor
-	} else {
-		m, exist := abi.Methods[name]
-		if !exist {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("method '%s' not found", name)
+		// constructor
+		arguments, err := abi.Constructor.Inputs.Pack(args...)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
 		}
-		method = m
+		return arguments, nil
+
 	}
-	arguments, err := method.pack(args...)
+	method, exist := abi.Methods[name]
+	if !exist {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("method '%s' not found", name)
+	}
+
+	arguments, err := method.Inputs.Pack(args...)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	// Pack up the method ID too if not a constructor and return
-	if name == "" {
-		return arguments, nil
-	}
 	return append(method.Id(), arguments...), nil
 }
 
-// these variable are used to determine certain types during type assertion for
-// assignment.
-var (
-	r_interSlice = reflect.TypeOf([]interface{}{})
-	r_hash       = reflect.TypeOf(common.Hash{})
-	r_bytes      = reflect.TypeOf([]byte{})
-	r_byte       = reflect.TypeOf(byte(0))
-)
-
 // Unpack output in v according to the abi specification
-func (abi ABI) Unpack(v interface{}, name string, output []byte) error {
-	var method = abi.Methods[name]
-
+func (abi ABI) Unpack(v interface{}, name string, output []byte) (err error) {
 	if len(output) == 0 {
 		return fmt.Errorf("abi: unmarshalling empty output")
 	}
-
-	// make sure the passed value is a pointer
-	valueOf := reflect.ValueOf(v)
-	if reflect.Ptr != valueOf.Kind() {
-		return fmt.Errorf("abi: Unpack(non-pointer %T)", v)
+	// since there can't be naming collisions with contracts and events,
+	// we need to decide whether we're calling a method or an event
+	if method, ok := abi.Methods[name]; ok {
+		if len(output)%32 != 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("abi: improperly formatted output")
+		}
+		return method.Outputs.Unpack(v, output)
+	} else if event, ok := abi.Events[name]; ok {
+		return event.Inputs.Unpack(v, output)
 	}
-
-	var (
-		value = valueOf.Elem()
-		typ   = value.Type()
-	)
-
-	if len(method.Outputs) > 1 {
-		switch value.Kind() {
-		// struct will match named return values to the struct's field
-		// names
-		case reflect.Struct:
-			for i := 0; i < len(method.Outputs); i++ {
-				marshalledValue, err := toGoType(i, method.Outputs[i], output)
-				if err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-				reflectValue := reflect.ValueOf(marshalledValue)
-
-				for j := 0; j < typ.NumField(); j++ {
-					field := typ.Field(j)
-					// TODO read tags: `abi:"fieldName"`
-					if field.Name == strings.ToUpper(method.Outputs[i].Name[:1])+method.Outputs[i].Name[1:] {
-						if err := set(value.Field(j), reflectValue, method.Outputs[i]); err != nil {
-							return err
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		case reflect.Slice:
-			if !value.Type().AssignableTo(r_interSlice) {
-				return fmt.Errorf("abi: cannot marshal tuple in to slice %T (only []interface{} is supported)", v)
-			}
-
-			// if the slice already contains values, set those instead of the interface slice itself.
-			if value.Len() > 0 {
-				if len(method.Outputs) > value.Len() {
-					return fmt.Errorf("abi: cannot marshal in to slices of unequal size (require: %v, got: %v)", len(method.Outputs), value.Len())
-				}
-
-				for i := 0; i < len(method.Outputs); i++ {
-					marshalledValue, err := toGoType(i, method.Outputs[i], output)
-					if err != nil {
-						return err
-					}
-					reflectValue := reflect.ValueOf(marshalledValue)
-					if err := set(value.Index(i).Elem(), reflectValue, method.Outputs[i]); err != nil {
-						return err
-					}
-				}
-				return nil
-			}
-
-			// create a new slice and start appending the unmarshalled
-			// values to the new interface slice.
-			z := reflect.MakeSlice(typ, 0, len(method.Outputs))
-			for i := 0; i < len(method.Outputs); i++ {
-				marshalledValue, err := toGoType(i, method.Outputs[i], output)
-				if err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-				z = reflect.Append(z, reflect.ValueOf(marshalledValue))
-			}
-			value.Set(z)
-		default:
-			return fmt.Errorf("abi: cannot unmarshal tuple in to %v", typ)
-		}
-
-	} else {
-		marshalledValue, err := toGoType(0, method.Outputs[0], output)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		if err := set(value, reflect.ValueOf(marshalledValue), method.Outputs[0]); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return nil
+	return fmt.Errorf("abi: could not locate named method or event")
 }
 
+// UnmarshalJSON implements json.Unmarshaler interface
 func (abi *ABI) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 	var fields []struct {
 		Type      string
 		Name      string
 		Constant  bool
-		Indexed   bool
 		Anonymous bool
 		Inputs    []Argument
 		Outputs   []Argument
@@ -220,3 +133,14 @@ func (abi *ABI) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+// MethodById looks up a method by the 4-byte id
+// returns nil if none found
+func (abi *ABI) MethodById(sigdata []byte) (*Method, error) {
+	for _, method := range abi.Methods {
+		if bytes.Equal(method.Id(), sigdata[:4]) {
+			return &method, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("no method with id: %#x", sigdata[:4])
+}

accounts/abi/abi_test.go

@@ -18,36 +18,19 @@ package abi
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"encoding/hex"
 	"fmt"
 	"log"
 	"math/big"
-	"reflect"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	"reflect"
+
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 )
 
-// formatSilceOutput add padding to the value and adds a size
-func formatSliceOutput(v ...[]byte) []byte {
-	off := common.LeftPadBytes(big.NewInt(int64(len(v))).Bytes(), 32)
-	output := append(off, make([]byte, 0, len(v)*32)...)
-
-	for _, value := range v {
-		output = append(output, common.LeftPadBytes(value, 32)...)
-	}
-	return output
-}
-
-// quick helper padding
-func pad(input []byte, size int, left bool) []byte {
-	if left {
-		return common.LeftPadBytes(input, size)
-	}
-	return common.RightPadBytes(input, size)
-}
-
 const jsondata = `
 [
 	{ "type" : "function", "name" : "balance", "constant" : true },
@@ -93,9 +76,24 @@ func TestReader(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 
 	// deep equal fails for some reason
-	t.Skip()
-	if !reflect.DeepEqual(abi, exp) {
-		t.Errorf("\nabi: %v\ndoes not match exp: %v", abi, exp)
+	for name, expM := range exp.Methods {
+		gotM, exist := abi.Methods[name]
+		if !exist {
+			t.Errorf("Missing expected method %v", name)
+		}
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(gotM, expM) {
+			t.Errorf("\nGot abi method: \n%v\ndoes not match expected method\n%v", gotM, expM)
+		}
+	}
+
+	for name, gotM := range abi.Methods {
+		expM, exist := exp.Methods[name]
+		if !exist {
+			t.Errorf("Found extra method %v", name)
+		}
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(gotM, expM) {
+			t.Errorf("\nGot abi method: \n%v\ndoes not match expected method\n%v", gotM, expM)
+		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -191,7 +189,7 @@ func TestMethodSignature(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("expected ids to match %x != %x", m.Id(), idexp)
 	}
 
-	uintt, _ := NewType("uint")
+	uintt, _ := NewType("uint256")
 	m = Method{"foo", false, []Argument{{"bar", uintt, false}}, nil}
 	exp = "foo(uint256)"
 	if m.Sig() != exp {
@@ -367,6 +365,188 @@ func TestInputVariableInputLength(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestInputFixedArrayAndVariableInputLength(t *testing.T) {
+	const definition = `[
+	{ "type" : "function", "name" : "fixedArrStr", "constant" : true, "inputs" : [ { "name" : "str", "type" : "string" }, { "name" : "fixedArr", "type" : "uint256[2]" } ] },
+	{ "type" : "function", "name" : "fixedArrBytes", "constant" : true, "inputs" : [ { "name" : "str", "type" : "bytes" }, { "name" : "fixedArr", "type" : "uint256[2]" } ] },
+    { "type" : "function", "name" : "mixedArrStr", "constant" : true, "inputs" : [ { "name" : "str", "type" : "string" }, { "name" : "fixedArr", "type": "uint256[2]" }, { "name" : "dynArr", "type": "uint256[]" } ] },
+    { "type" : "function", "name" : "doubleFixedArrStr", "constant" : true, "inputs" : [ { "name" : "str", "type" : "string" }, { "name" : "fixedArr1", "type": "uint256[2]" }, { "name" : "fixedArr2", "type": "uint256[3]" } ] },
+    { "type" : "function", "name" : "multipleMixedArrStr", "constant" : true, "inputs" : [ { "name" : "str", "type" : "string" }, { "name" : "fixedArr1", "type": "uint256[2]" }, { "name" : "dynArr", "type" : "uint256[]" }, { "name" : "fixedArr2", "type" : "uint256[3]" } ] }
+	]`
+
+	abi, err := JSON(strings.NewReader(definition))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+
+	// test string, fixed array uint256[2]
+	strin := "hello world"
+	arrin := [2]*big.Int{big.NewInt(1), big.NewInt(2)}
+	fixedArrStrPack, err := abi.Pack("fixedArrStr", strin, arrin)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+
+	// generate expected output
+	offset := make([]byte, 32)
+	offset[31] = 96
+	length := make([]byte, 32)
+	length[31] = byte(len(strin))
+	strvalue := common.RightPadBytes([]byte(strin), 32)
+	arrinvalue1 := common.LeftPadBytes(arrin[0].Bytes(), 32)
+	arrinvalue2 := common.LeftPadBytes(arrin[1].Bytes(), 32)
+	exp := append(offset, arrinvalue1...)
+	exp = append(exp, arrinvalue2...)
+	exp = append(exp, append(length, strvalue...)...)
+
+	// ignore first 4 bytes of the output. This is the function identifier
+	fixedArrStrPack = fixedArrStrPack[4:]
+	if !bytes.Equal(fixedArrStrPack, exp) {
+		t.Errorf("expected %x, got %x\n", exp, fixedArrStrPack)
+	}
+
+	// test byte array, fixed array uint256[2]
+	bytesin := []byte(strin)
+	arrin = [2]*big.Int{big.NewInt(1), big.NewInt(2)}
+	fixedArrBytesPack, err := abi.Pack("fixedArrBytes", bytesin, arrin)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+
+	// generate expected output
+	offset = make([]byte, 32)
+	offset[31] = 96
+	length = make([]byte, 32)
+	length[31] = byte(len(strin))
+	strvalue = common.RightPadBytes([]byte(strin), 32)
+	arrinvalue1 = common.LeftPadBytes(arrin[0].Bytes(), 32)
+	arrinvalue2 = common.LeftPadBytes(arrin[1].Bytes(), 32)
+	exp = append(offset, arrinvalue1...)
+	exp = append(exp, arrinvalue2...)
+	exp = append(exp, append(length, strvalue...)...)
+
+	// ignore first 4 bytes of the output. This is the function identifier
+	fixedArrBytesPack = fixedArrBytesPack[4:]
+	if !bytes.Equal(fixedArrBytesPack, exp) {
+		t.Errorf("expected %x, got %x\n", exp, fixedArrBytesPack)
+	}
+
+	// test string, fixed array uint256[2], dynamic array uint256[]
+	strin = "hello world"
+	fixedarrin := [2]*big.Int{big.NewInt(1), big.NewInt(2)}
+	dynarrin := []*big.Int{big.NewInt(1), big.NewInt(2), big.NewInt(3)}
+	mixedArrStrPack, err := abi.Pack("mixedArrStr", strin, fixedarrin, dynarrin)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+
+	// generate expected output
+	stroffset := make([]byte, 32)
+	stroffset[31] = 128
+	strlength := make([]byte, 32)
+	strlength[31] = byte(len(strin))
+	strvalue = common.RightPadBytes([]byte(strin), 32)
+	fixedarrinvalue1 := common.LeftPadBytes(fixedarrin[0].Bytes(), 32)
+	fixedarrinvalue2 := common.LeftPadBytes(fixedarrin[1].Bytes(), 32)
+	dynarroffset := make([]byte, 32)
+	dynarroffset[31] = byte(160 + ((len(strin)/32)+1)*32)
+	dynarrlength := make([]byte, 32)
+	dynarrlength[31] = byte(len(dynarrin))
+	dynarrinvalue1 := common.LeftPadBytes(dynarrin[0].Bytes(), 32)
+	dynarrinvalue2 := common.LeftPadBytes(dynarrin[1].Bytes(), 32)
+	dynarrinvalue3 := common.LeftPadBytes(dynarrin[2].Bytes(), 32)
+	exp = append(stroffset, fixedarrinvalue1...)
+	exp = append(exp, fixedarrinvalue2...)
+	exp = append(exp, dynarroffset...)
+	exp = append(exp, append(strlength, strvalue...)...)
+	dynarrarg := append(dynarrlength, dynarrinvalue1...)
+	dynarrarg = append(dynarrarg, dynarrinvalue2...)
+	dynarrarg = append(dynarrarg, dynarrinvalue3...)
+	exp = append(exp, dynarrarg...)
+
+	// ignore first 4 bytes of the output. This is the function identifier
+	mixedArrStrPack = mixedArrStrPack[4:]
+	if !bytes.Equal(mixedArrStrPack, exp) {
+		t.Errorf("expected %x, got %x\n", exp, mixedArrStrPack)
+	}
+
+	// test string, fixed array uint256[2], fixed array uint256[3]
+	strin = "hello world"
+	fixedarrin1 := [2]*big.Int{big.NewInt(1), big.NewInt(2)}
+	fixedarrin2 := [3]*big.Int{big.NewInt(1), big.NewInt(2), big.NewInt(3)}
+	doubleFixedArrStrPack, err := abi.Pack("doubleFixedArrStr", strin, fixedarrin1, fixedarrin2)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+
+	// generate expected output
+	stroffset = make([]byte, 32)
+	stroffset[31] = 192
+	strlength = make([]byte, 32)
+	strlength[31] = byte(len(strin))
+	strvalue = common.RightPadBytes([]byte(strin), 32)
+	fixedarrin1value1 := common.LeftPadBytes(fixedarrin1[0].Bytes(), 32)
+	fixedarrin1value2 := common.LeftPadBytes(fixedarrin1[1].Bytes(), 32)
+	fixedarrin2value1 := common.LeftPadBytes(fixedarrin2[0].Bytes(), 32)
+	fixedarrin2value2 := common.LeftPadBytes(fixedarrin2[1].Bytes(), 32)
+	fixedarrin2value3 := common.LeftPadBytes(fixedarrin2[2].Bytes(), 32)
+	exp = append(stroffset, fixedarrin1value1...)
+	exp = append(exp, fixedarrin1value2...)
+	exp = append(exp, fixedarrin2value1...)
+	exp = append(exp, fixedarrin2value2...)
+	exp = append(exp, fixedarrin2value3...)
+	exp = append(exp, append(strlength, strvalue...)...)
+
+	// ignore first 4 bytes of the output. This is the function identifier
+	doubleFixedArrStrPack = doubleFixedArrStrPack[4:]
+	if !bytes.Equal(doubleFixedArrStrPack, exp) {
+		t.Errorf("expected %x, got %x\n", exp, doubleFixedArrStrPack)
+	}
+
+	// test string, fixed array uint256[2], dynamic array uint256[], fixed array uint256[3]
+	strin = "hello world"
+	fixedarrin1 = [2]*big.Int{big.NewInt(1), big.NewInt(2)}
+	dynarrin = []*big.Int{big.NewInt(1), big.NewInt(2)}
+	fixedarrin2 = [3]*big.Int{big.NewInt(1), big.NewInt(2), big.NewInt(3)}
+	multipleMixedArrStrPack, err := abi.Pack("multipleMixedArrStr", strin, fixedarrin1, dynarrin, fixedarrin2)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	}
+
+	// generate expected output
+	stroffset = make([]byte, 32)
+	stroffset[31] = 224
+	strlength = make([]byte, 32)
+	strlength[31] = byte(len(strin))
+	strvalue = common.RightPadBytes([]byte(strin), 32)
+	fixedarrin1value1 = common.LeftPadBytes(fixedarrin1[0].Bytes(), 32)
+	fixedarrin1value2 = common.LeftPadBytes(fixedarrin1[1].Bytes(), 32)
+	dynarroffset = U256(big.NewInt(int64(256 + ((len(strin)/32)+1)*32)))
+	dynarrlength = make([]byte, 32)
+	dynarrlength[31] = byte(len(dynarrin))
+	dynarrinvalue1 = common.LeftPadBytes(dynarrin[0].Bytes(), 32)
+	dynarrinvalue2 = common.LeftPadBytes(dynarrin[1].Bytes(), 32)
+	fixedarrin2value1 = common.LeftPadBytes(fixedarrin2[0].Bytes(), 32)
+	fixedarrin2value2 = common.LeftPadBytes(fixedarrin2[1].Bytes(), 32)
+	fixedarrin2value3 = common.LeftPadBytes(fixedarrin2[2].Bytes(), 32)
+	exp = append(stroffset, fixedarrin1value1...)
+	exp = append(exp, fixedarrin1value2...)
+	exp = append(exp, dynarroffset...)
+	exp = append(exp, fixedarrin2value1...)
+	exp = append(exp, fixedarrin2value2...)
+	exp = append(exp, fixedarrin2value3...)
+	exp = append(exp, append(strlength, strvalue...)...)
+	dynarrarg = append(dynarrlength, dynarrinvalue1...)
+	dynarrarg = append(dynarrarg, dynarrinvalue2...)
+	exp = append(exp, dynarrarg...)
+
+	// ignore first 4 bytes of the output. This is the function identifier
+	multipleMixedArrStrPack = multipleMixedArrStrPack[4:]
+	if !bytes.Equal(multipleMixedArrStrPack, exp) {
+		t.Errorf("expected %x, got %x\n", exp, multipleMixedArrStrPack)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestDefaultFunctionParsing(t *testing.T) {
 	const definition = `[{ "name" : "balance" }]`
 
@@ -437,3 +617,99 @@ func TestBareEvents(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+// TestUnpackEvent is based on this contract:
+//    contract T {
+//      event received(address sender, uint amount, bytes memo);
+//      event receivedAddr(address sender);
+//      function receive(bytes memo) external payable {
+//        received(msg.sender, msg.value, memo);
+//        receivedAddr(msg.sender);
+//      }
+//    }
+// When receive("X") is called with sender 0x00... and value 1, it produces this tx receipt:
+//   receipt{status=1 cgas=23949 bloom=00000000004000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000800000000000000000000000000000000000040200000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000080000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 logs=[log: b6818c8064f645cd82d99b59a1a267d6d61117ef [75fd880d39c1daf53b6547ab6cb59451fc6452d27caa90e5b6649dd8293b9eed] 000000000000000000000000376c47978271565f56deb45495afa69e59c16ab200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000060000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000158 9ae378b6d4409eada347a5dc0c180f186cb62dc68fcc0f043425eb917335aa28 0 95d429d309bb9d753954195fe2d69bd140b4ae731b9b5b605c34323de162cf00 0]}
+func TestUnpackEvent(t *testing.T) {
+	const abiJSON = `[{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"memo","type":"bytes"}],"name":"receive","outputs":[],"payable":true,"stateMutability":"payable","type":"function"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"name":"sender","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"name":"amount","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"name":"memo","type":"bytes"}],"name":"received","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"name":"sender","type":"address"}],"name":"receivedAddr","type":"event"}]`
+	abi, err := JSON(strings.NewReader(abiJSON))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	const hexdata = `000000000000000000000000376c47978271565f56deb45495afa69e59c16ab200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000060000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000158`
+	data, err := hex.DecodeString(hexdata)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if len(data)%32 == 0 {
+		t.Errorf("len(data) is %d, want a non-multiple of 32", len(data))
+	}
+
+	type ReceivedEvent struct {
+		Address common.Address
+		Amount  *big.Int
+		Memo    []byte
+	}
+	var ev ReceivedEvent
+
+	err = abi.Unpack(&ev, "received", data)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	} else {
+		t.Logf("len(data): %d; received event: %+v", len(data), ev)
+	}
+
+	type ReceivedAddrEvent struct {
+		Address common.Address
+	}
+	var receivedAddrEv ReceivedAddrEvent
+	err = abi.Unpack(&receivedAddrEv, "receivedAddr", data)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Error(err)
+	} else {
+		t.Logf("len(data): %d; received event: %+v", len(data), receivedAddrEv)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestABI_MethodById(t *testing.T) {
+	const abiJSON = `[
+		{"type":"function","name":"receive","constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"memo","type":"bytes"}],"outputs":[],"payable":true,"stateMutability":"payable"},
+		{"type":"event","name":"received","anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"name":"sender","type":"address"},{"indexed":false,"name":"amount","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":false,"name":"memo","type":"bytes"}]},
+		{"type":"function","name":"fixedArrStr","constant":true,"inputs":[{"name":"str","type":"string"},{"name":"fixedArr","type":"uint256[2]"}]},
+		{"type":"function","name":"fixedArrBytes","constant":true,"inputs":[{"name":"str","type":"bytes"},{"name":"fixedArr","type":"uint256[2]"}]},
+		{"type":"function","name":"mixedArrStr","constant":true,"inputs":[{"name":"str","type":"string"},{"name":"fixedArr","type":"uint256[2]"},{"name":"dynArr","type":"uint256[]"}]},
+		{"type":"function","name":"doubleFixedArrStr","constant":true,"inputs":[{"name":"str","type":"string"},{"name":"fixedArr1","type":"uint256[2]"},{"name":"fixedArr2","type":"uint256[3]"}]},
+		{"type":"function","name":"multipleMixedArrStr","constant":true,"inputs":[{"name":"str","type":"string"},{"name":"fixedArr1","type":"uint256[2]"},{"name":"dynArr","type":"uint256[]"},{"name":"fixedArr2","type":"uint256[3]"}]},
+		{"type":"function","name":"balance","constant":true},
+		{"type":"function","name":"send","constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"amount","type":"uint256"}]},
+		{"type":"function","name":"test","constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"number","type":"uint32"}]},
+		{"type":"function","name":"string","constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"inputs","type":"string"}]},
+		{"type":"function","name":"bool","constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"inputs","type":"bool"}]},
+		{"type":"function","name":"address","constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"inputs","type":"address"}]},
+		{"type":"function","name":"uint64[2]","constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"inputs","type":"uint64[2]"}]},
+		{"type":"function","name":"uint64[]","constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"inputs","type":"uint64[]"}]},
+		{"type":"function","name":"foo","constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"inputs","type":"uint32"}]},
+		{"type":"function","name":"bar","constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"inputs","type":"uint32"},{"name":"string","type":"uint16"}]},
+		{"type":"function","name":"_slice","constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"inputs","type":"uint32[2]"}]},
+		{"type":"function","name":"__slice256","constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"inputs","type":"uint256[2]"}]},
+		{"type":"function","name":"sliceAddress","constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"inputs","type":"address[]"}]},
+		{"type":"function","name":"sliceMultiAddress","constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"a","type":"address[]"},{"name":"b","type":"address[]"}]}
+	]
+`
+	abi, err := JSON(strings.NewReader(abiJSON))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	for name, m := range abi.Methods {
+		a := fmt.Sprintf("%v", m)
+		m2, err := abi.MethodById(m.Id())
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Failed to look up ABI method: %v", err)
+		}
+		b := fmt.Sprintf("%v", m2)
+		if a != b {
+			t.Errorf("Method %v (id %v) not 'findable' by id in ABI", name, common.ToHex(m.Id()))
+		}
+	}
+
+}

accounts/abi/argument.go

@@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ package abi
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
 )
 
 // Argument holds the name of the argument and the corresponding type.
@@ -29,7 +31,10 @@ type Argument struct {
 	Indexed bool // indexed is only used by events
 }
 
-func (a *Argument) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+type Arguments []Argument
+
+// UnmarshalJSON implements json.Unmarshaler interface
+func (argument *Argument) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 	var extarg struct {
 		Name    string
 		Type    string
@@ -40,12 +45,250 @@ func (a *Argument) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("argument json err: %v", err)
 	}
 
-	a.Type, err = NewType(extarg.Type)
+	argument.Type, err = NewType(extarg.Type)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	a.Name = extarg.Name
-	a.Indexed = extarg.Indexed
+	argument.Name = extarg.Name
+	argument.Indexed = extarg.Indexed
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+// LengthNonIndexed returns the number of arguments when not counting 'indexed' ones. Only events
+// can ever have 'indexed' arguments, it should always be false on arguments for method input/output
+func (arguments Arguments) LengthNonIndexed() int {
+	out := 0
+	for _, arg := range arguments {
+		if !arg.Indexed {
+			out++
+		}
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// NonIndexed returns the arguments with indexed arguments filtered out
+func (arguments Arguments) NonIndexed() Arguments {
+	var ret []Argument
+	for _, arg := range arguments {
+		if !arg.Indexed {
+			ret = append(ret, arg)
+		}
+	}
+	return ret
+}
+
+// isTuple returns true for non-atomic constructs, like (uint,uint) or uint[]
+func (arguments Arguments) isTuple() bool {
+	return len(arguments) > 1
+}
+
+// Unpack performs the operation hexdata -> Go format
+func (arguments Arguments) Unpack(v interface{}, data []byte) error {
+
+	// make sure the passed value is arguments pointer
+	if reflect.Ptr != reflect.ValueOf(v).Kind() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("abi: Unpack(non-pointer %T)", v)
+	}
+	marshalledValues, err := arguments.UnpackValues(data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if arguments.isTuple() {
+		return arguments.unpackTuple(v, marshalledValues)
+	}
+	return arguments.unpackAtomic(v, marshalledValues)
+}
+
+func (arguments Arguments) unpackTuple(v interface{}, marshalledValues []interface{}) error {
+
+	var (
+		value = reflect.ValueOf(v).Elem()
+		typ   = value.Type()
+		kind  = value.Kind()
+	)
+
+	if err := requireUnpackKind(value, typ, kind, arguments); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// If the output interface is a struct, make sure names don't collide
+	if kind == reflect.Struct {
+		if err := requireUniqueStructFieldNames(arguments); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	for i, arg := range arguments.NonIndexed() {
+
+		reflectValue := reflect.ValueOf(marshalledValues[i])
+
+		switch kind {
+		case reflect.Struct:
+			err := unpackStruct(value, reflectValue, arg)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		case reflect.Slice, reflect.Array:
+			if value.Len() < i {
+				return fmt.Errorf("abi: insufficient number of arguments for unpack, want %d, got %d", len(arguments), value.Len())
+			}
+			v := value.Index(i)
+			if err := requireAssignable(v, reflectValue); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			if err := set(v.Elem(), reflectValue, arg); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		default:
+			return fmt.Errorf("abi:[2] cannot unmarshal tuple in to %v", typ)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// unpackAtomic unpacks ( hexdata -> go ) a single value
+func (arguments Arguments) unpackAtomic(v interface{}, marshalledValues []interface{}) error {
+	if len(marshalledValues) != 1 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("abi: wrong length, expected single value, got %d", len(marshalledValues))
+	}
+	elem := reflect.ValueOf(v).Elem()
+	kind := elem.Kind()
+	reflectValue := reflect.ValueOf(marshalledValues[0])
+
+	if kind == reflect.Struct {
+		//make sure names don't collide
+		if err := requireUniqueStructFieldNames(arguments); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		return unpackStruct(elem, reflectValue, arguments[0])
+	}
+
+	return set(elem, reflectValue, arguments.NonIndexed()[0])
+
+}
+
+// Computes the full size of an array;
+// i.e. counting nested arrays, which count towards size for unpacking.
+func getArraySize(arr *Type) int {
+	size := arr.Size
+	// Arrays can be nested, with each element being the same size
+	arr = arr.Elem
+	for arr.T == ArrayTy {
+		// Keep multiplying by elem.Size while the elem is an array.
+		size *= arr.Size
+		arr = arr.Elem
+	}
+	// Now we have the full array size, including its children.
+	return size
+}
+
+// UnpackValues can be used to unpack ABI-encoded hexdata according to the ABI-specification,
+// without supplying a struct to unpack into. Instead, this method returns a list containing the
+// values. An atomic argument will be a list with one element.
+func (arguments Arguments) UnpackValues(data []byte) ([]interface{}, error) {
+	retval := make([]interface{}, 0, arguments.LengthNonIndexed())
+	virtualArgs := 0
+	for index, arg := range arguments.NonIndexed() {
+		marshalledValue, err := toGoType((index+virtualArgs)*32, arg.Type, data)
+		if arg.Type.T == ArrayTy {
+			// If we have a static array, like [3]uint256, these are coded as
+			// just like uint256,uint256,uint256.
+			// This means that we need to add two 'virtual' arguments when
+			// we count the index from now on.
+			//
+			// Array values nested multiple levels deep are also encoded inline:
+			// [2][3]uint256: uint256,uint256,uint256,uint256,uint256,uint256
+			//
+			// Calculate the full array size to get the correct offset for the next argument.
+			// Decrement it by 1, as the normal index increment is still applied.
+			virtualArgs += getArraySize(&arg.Type) - 1
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		retval = append(retval, marshalledValue)
+	}
+	return retval, nil
+}
+
+// PackValues performs the operation Go format -> Hexdata
+// It is the semantic opposite of UnpackValues
+func (arguments Arguments) PackValues(args []interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
+	return arguments.Pack(args...)
+}
+
+// Pack performs the operation Go format -> Hexdata
+func (arguments Arguments) Pack(args ...interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
+	// Make sure arguments match up and pack them
+	abiArgs := arguments
+	if len(args) != len(abiArgs) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("argument count mismatch: %d for %d", len(args), len(abiArgs))
+	}
+	// variable input is the output appended at the end of packed
+	// output. This is used for strings and bytes types input.
+	var variableInput []byte
+
+	// input offset is the bytes offset for packed output
+	inputOffset := 0
+	for _, abiArg := range abiArgs {
+		if abiArg.Type.T == ArrayTy {
+			inputOffset += 32 * abiArg.Type.Size
+		} else {
+			inputOffset += 32
+		}
+	}
+	var ret []byte
+	for i, a := range args {
+		input := abiArgs[i]
+		// pack the input
+		packed, err := input.Type.pack(reflect.ValueOf(a))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		// check for a slice type (string, bytes, slice)
+		if input.Type.requiresLengthPrefix() {
+			// calculate the offset
+			offset := inputOffset + len(variableInput)
+			// set the offset
+			ret = append(ret, packNum(reflect.ValueOf(offset))...)
+			// Append the packed output to the variable input. The variable input
+			// will be appended at the end of the input.
+			variableInput = append(variableInput, packed...)
+		} else {
+			// append the packed value to the input
+			ret = append(ret, packed...)
+		}
+	}
+	// append the variable input at the end of the packed input
+	ret = append(ret, variableInput...)
+
+	return ret, nil
+}
+
+// capitalise makes the first character of a string upper case, also removing any
+// prefixing underscores from the variable names.
+func capitalise(input string) string {
+	for len(input) > 0 && input[0] == '_' {
+		input = input[1:]
+	}
+	if len(input) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return strings.ToUpper(input[:1]) + input[1:]
+}
+
+//unpackStruct extracts each argument into its corresponding struct field
+func unpackStruct(value, reflectValue reflect.Value, arg Argument) error {
+	name := capitalise(arg.Name)
+	typ := value.Type()
+	for j := 0; j < typ.NumField(); j++ {
+		// TODO read tags: `abi:"fieldName"`
+		if typ.Field(j).Name == name {
+			if err := set(value.Field(j), reflectValue, arg); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}

accounts/abi/bind/backend.go

@@ -52,12 +52,6 @@ type ContractCaller interface {
 	CallContract(ctx context.Context, call ethereum.CallMsg, blockNumber *big.Int) ([]byte, error)
 }
 
-// DeployBackend wraps the operations needed by WaitMined and WaitDeployed.
-type DeployBackend interface {
-	TransactionReceipt(ctx context.Context, txHash common.Hash) (*types.Receipt, error)
-	CodeAt(ctx context.Context, account common.Address, blockNumber *big.Int) ([]byte, error)
-}
-
 // PendingContractCaller defines methods to perform contract calls on the pending state.
 // Call will try to discover this interface when access to the pending state is requested.
 // If the backend does not support the pending state, Call returns ErrNoPendingState.
@@ -85,13 +79,34 @@ type ContractTransactor interface {
 	// There is no guarantee that this is the true gas limit requirement as other
 	// transactions may be added or removed by miners, but it should provide a basis
 	// for setting a reasonable default.
-	EstimateGas(ctx context.Context, call ethereum.CallMsg) (usedGas *big.Int, err error)
+	EstimateGas(ctx context.Context, call ethereum.CallMsg) (gas uint64, err error)
 	// SendTransaction injects the transaction into the pending pool for execution.
 	SendTransaction(ctx context.Context, tx *types.Transaction) error
 }
 
+// ContractFilterer defines the methods needed to access log events using one-off
+// queries or continuous event subscriptions.
+type ContractFilterer interface {
+	// FilterLogs executes a log filter operation, blocking during execution and
+	// returning all the results in one batch.
+	//
+	// TODO(karalabe): Deprecate when the subscription one can return past data too.
+	FilterLogs(ctx context.Context, query ethereum.FilterQuery) ([]types.Log, error)
+
+	// SubscribeFilterLogs creates a background log filtering operation, returning
+	// a subscription immediately, which can be used to stream the found events.
+	SubscribeFilterLogs(ctx context.Context, query ethereum.FilterQuery, ch chan<- types.Log) (ethereum.Subscription, error)
+}
+
+// DeployBackend wraps the operations needed by WaitMined and WaitDeployed.
+type DeployBackend interface {
+	TransactionReceipt(ctx context.Context, txHash common.Hash) (*types.Receipt, error)
+	CodeAt(ctx context.Context, account common.Address, blockNumber *big.Int) ([]byte, error)
+}
+
 // ContractBackend defines the methods needed to work with contracts on a read-write basis.
 type ContractBackend interface {
 	ContractCaller
 	ContractTransactor
+	ContractFilterer
 }

accounts/abi/bind/backends/simulated.go

@@ -30,17 +30,22 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/math"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/ethash"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/bloombits"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/state"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/vm"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth/filters"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethdb"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
 )
 
 // This nil assignment ensures compile time that SimulatedBackend implements bind.ContractBackend.
 var _ bind.ContractBackend = (*SimulatedBackend)(nil)
 
 var errBlockNumberUnsupported = errors.New("SimulatedBackend cannot access blocks other than the latest block")
+var errGasEstimationFailed = errors.New("gas required exceeds allowance or always failing transaction")
 
 // SimulatedBackend implements bind.ContractBackend, simulating a blockchain in
 // the background. Its main purpose is to allow easily testing contract bindings.
@@ -52,6 +57,8 @@ type SimulatedBackend struct {
 	pendingBlock *types.Block   // Currently pending block that will be imported on request
 	pendingState *state.StateDB // Currently pending state that will be the active on on request
 
+	events *filters.EventSystem // Event system for filtering log events live
+
 	config *params.ChainConfig
 }
 
@@ -59,10 +66,16 @@ type SimulatedBackend struct {
 // for testing purposes.
 func NewSimulatedBackend(alloc core.GenesisAlloc) *SimulatedBackend {
 	database, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
-	genesis := core.Genesis{Config: params.AllProtocolChanges, Alloc: alloc}
+	genesis := core.Genesis{Config: params.AllEthashProtocolChanges, Alloc: alloc}
 	genesis.MustCommit(database)
-	blockchain, _ := core.NewBlockChain(database, genesis.Config, ethash.NewFaker(), vm.Config{})
-	backend := &SimulatedBackend{database: database, blockchain: blockchain, config: genesis.Config}
+	blockchain, _ := core.NewBlockChain(database, nil, genesis.Config, ethash.NewFaker(), vm.Config{})
+
+	backend := &SimulatedBackend{
+		database:   database,
+		blockchain: blockchain,
+		config:     genesis.Config,
+		events:     filters.NewEventSystem(new(event.TypeMux), &filterBackend{database, blockchain}, false),
+	}
 	backend.rollback()
 	return backend
 }
@@ -88,9 +101,11 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) Rollback() {
 }
 
 func (b *SimulatedBackend) rollback() {
-	blocks, _ := core.GenerateChain(b.config, b.blockchain.CurrentBlock(), b.database, 1, func(int, *core.BlockGen) {})
+	blocks, _ := core.GenerateChain(b.config, b.blockchain.CurrentBlock(), ethash.NewFaker(), b.database, 1, func(int, *core.BlockGen) {})
+	statedb, _ := b.blockchain.State()
+
 	b.pendingBlock = blocks[0]
-	b.pendingState, _ = state.New(b.pendingBlock.Root(), state.NewDatabase(b.database))
+	b.pendingState, _ = state.New(b.pendingBlock.Root(), statedb.Database())
 }
 
 // CodeAt returns the code associated with a certain account in the blockchain.
@@ -199,49 +214,63 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) SuggestGasPrice(ctx context.Context) (*big.Int, error
 
 // EstimateGas executes the requested code against the currently pending block/state and
 // returns the used amount of gas.
-func (b *SimulatedBackend) EstimateGas(ctx context.Context, call ethereum.CallMsg) (*big.Int, error) {
+func (b *SimulatedBackend) EstimateGas(ctx context.Context, call ethereum.CallMsg) (uint64, error) {
 	b.mu.Lock()
 	defer b.mu.Unlock()
 
-	// Binary search the gas requirement, as it may be higher than the amount used
+	// Determine the lowest and highest possible gas limits to binary search in between
 	var (
-		lo uint64 = params.TxGas - 1
-		hi uint64
+		lo  uint64 = params.TxGas - 1
+		hi  uint64
+		cap uint64
 	)
-	if call.Gas != nil && call.Gas.Uint64() >= params.TxGas {
-		hi = call.Gas.Uint64()
+	if call.Gas >= params.TxGas {
+		hi = call.Gas
 	} else {
-		hi = b.pendingBlock.GasLimit().Uint64()
+		hi = b.pendingBlock.GasLimit()
 	}
-	for lo+1 < hi {
-		// Take a guess at the gas, and check transaction validity
-		mid := (hi + lo) / 2
-		call.Gas = new(big.Int).SetUint64(mid)
+	cap = hi
+
+	// Create a helper to check if a gas allowance results in an executable transaction
+	executable := func(gas uint64) bool {
+		call.Gas = gas
 
 		snapshot := b.pendingState.Snapshot()
 		_, _, failed, err := b.callContract(ctx, call, b.pendingBlock, b.pendingState)
 		b.pendingState.RevertToSnapshot(snapshot)
 
-		// If the transaction became invalid or execution failed, raise the gas limit
 		if err != nil || failed {
-			lo = mid
-			continue
+			return false
 		}
-		// Otherwise assume the transaction succeeded, lower the gas limit
-		hi = mid
+		return true
 	}
-	return new(big.Int).SetUint64(hi), nil
+	// Execute the binary search and hone in on an executable gas limit
+	for lo+1 < hi {
+		mid := (hi + lo) / 2
+		if !executable(mid) {
+			lo = mid
+		} else {
+			hi = mid
+		}
+	}
+	// Reject the transaction as invalid if it still fails at the highest allowance
+	if hi == cap {
+		if !executable(hi) {
+			return 0, errGasEstimationFailed
+		}
+	}
+	return hi, nil
 }
 
-// callContract implemens common code between normal and pending contract calls.
+// callContract implements common code between normal and pending contract calls.
 // state is modified during execution, make sure to copy it if necessary.
-func (b *SimulatedBackend) callContract(ctx context.Context, call ethereum.CallMsg, block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB) ([]byte, *big.Int, bool, error) {
+func (b *SimulatedBackend) callContract(ctx context.Context, call ethereum.CallMsg, block *types.Block, statedb *state.StateDB) ([]byte, uint64, bool, error) {
 	// Ensure message is initialized properly.
 	if call.GasPrice == nil {
 		call.GasPrice = big.NewInt(1)
 	}
-	if call.Gas == nil || call.Gas.Sign() == 0 {
-		call.Gas = big.NewInt(50000000)
+	if call.Gas == 0 {
+		call.Gas = 50000000
 	}
 	if call.Value == nil {
 		call.Value = new(big.Int)
@@ -256,9 +285,9 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) callContract(ctx context.Context, call ethereum.CallM
 	// Create a new environment which holds all relevant information
 	// about the transaction and calling mechanisms.
 	vmenv := vm.NewEVM(evmContext, statedb, b.config, vm.Config{})
-	gaspool := new(core.GasPool).AddGas(math.MaxBig256)
-	ret, gasUsed, _, failed, err := core.NewStateTransition(vmenv, msg, gaspool).TransitionDb()
-	return ret, gasUsed, failed, err
+	gaspool := new(core.GasPool).AddGas(math.MaxUint64)
+
+	return core.NewStateTransition(vmenv, msg, gaspool).TransitionDb()
 }
 
 // SendTransaction updates the pending block to include the given transaction.
@@ -276,29 +305,95 @@ func (b *SimulatedBackend) SendTransaction(ctx context.Context, tx *types.Transa
 		panic(fmt.Errorf("invalid transaction nonce: got %d, want %d", tx.Nonce(), nonce))
 	}
 
-	blocks, _ := core.GenerateChain(b.config, b.blockchain.CurrentBlock(), b.database, 1, func(number int, block *core.BlockGen) {
+	blocks, _ := core.GenerateChain(b.config, b.blockchain.CurrentBlock(), ethash.NewFaker(), b.database, 1, func(number int, block *core.BlockGen) {
 		for _, tx := range b.pendingBlock.Transactions() {
-			block.AddTx(tx)
+			block.AddTxWithChain(b.blockchain, tx)
 		}
-		block.AddTx(tx)
+		block.AddTxWithChain(b.blockchain, tx)
 	})
+	statedb, _ := b.blockchain.State()
+
 	b.pendingBlock = blocks[0]
-	b.pendingState, _ = state.New(b.pendingBlock.Root(), state.NewDatabase(b.database))
+	b.pendingState, _ = state.New(b.pendingBlock.Root(), statedb.Database())
 	return nil
 }
 
-// JumpTimeInSeconds adds skip seconds to the clock
+// FilterLogs executes a log filter operation, blocking during execution and
+// returning all the results in one batch.
+//
+// TODO(karalabe): Deprecate when the subscription one can return past data too.
+func (b *SimulatedBackend) FilterLogs(ctx context.Context, query ethereum.FilterQuery) ([]types.Log, error) {
+	// Initialize unset filter boundaried to run from genesis to chain head
+	from := int64(0)
+	if query.FromBlock != nil {
+		from = query.FromBlock.Int64()
+	}
+	to := int64(-1)
+	if query.ToBlock != nil {
+		to = query.ToBlock.Int64()
+	}
+	// Construct and execute the filter
+	filter := filters.New(&filterBackend{b.database, b.blockchain}, from, to, query.Addresses, query.Topics)
+
+	logs, err := filter.Logs(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	res := make([]types.Log, len(logs))
+	for i, log := range logs {
+		res[i] = *log
+	}
+	return res, nil
+}
+
+// SubscribeFilterLogs creates a background log filtering operation, returning a
+// subscription immediately, which can be used to stream the found events.
+func (b *SimulatedBackend) SubscribeFilterLogs(ctx context.Context, query ethereum.FilterQuery, ch chan<- types.Log) (ethereum.Subscription, error) {
+	// Subscribe to contract events
+	sink := make(chan []*types.Log)
+
+	sub, err := b.events.SubscribeLogs(query, sink)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// Since we're getting logs in batches, we need to flatten them into a plain stream
+	return event.NewSubscription(func(quit <-chan struct{}) error {
+		defer sub.Unsubscribe()
+		for {
+			select {
+			case logs := <-sink:
+				for _, log := range logs {
+					select {
+					case ch <- *log:
+					case err := <-sub.Err():
+						return err
+					case <-quit:
+						return nil
+					}
+				}
+			case err := <-sub.Err():
+				return err
+			case <-quit:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+	}), nil
+}
+
+// AdjustTime adds a time shift to the simulated clock.
 func (b *SimulatedBackend) AdjustTime(adjustment time.Duration) error {
 	b.mu.Lock()
 	defer b.mu.Unlock()
-	blocks, _ := core.GenerateChain(b.config, b.blockchain.CurrentBlock(), b.database, 1, func(number int, block *core.BlockGen) {
+	blocks, _ := core.GenerateChain(b.config, b.blockchain.CurrentBlock(), ethash.NewFaker(), b.database, 1, func(number int, block *core.BlockGen) {
 		for _, tx := range b.pendingBlock.Transactions() {
 			block.AddTx(tx)
 		}
 		block.OffsetTime(int64(adjustment.Seconds()))
 	})
+	statedb, _ := b.blockchain.State()
+
 	b.pendingBlock = blocks[0]
-	b.pendingState, _ = state.New(b.pendingBlock.Root(), state.NewDatabase(b.database))
+	b.pendingState, _ = state.New(b.pendingBlock.Root(), statedb.Database())
 
 	return nil
 }
@@ -313,6 +408,60 @@ func (m callmsg) Nonce() uint64        { return 0 }
 func (m callmsg) CheckNonce() bool     { return false }
 func (m callmsg) To() *common.Address  { return m.CallMsg.To }
 func (m callmsg) GasPrice() *big.Int   { return m.CallMsg.GasPrice }
-func (m callmsg) Gas() *big.Int        { return m.CallMsg.Gas }
+func (m callmsg) Gas() uint64          { return m.CallMsg.Gas }
 func (m callmsg) Value() *big.Int      { return m.CallMsg.Value }
 func (m callmsg) Data() []byte         { return m.CallMsg.Data }
+
+// filterBackend implements filters.Backend to support filtering for logs without
+// taking bloom-bits acceleration structures into account.
+type filterBackend struct {
+	db ethdb.Database
+	bc *core.BlockChain
+}
+
+func (fb *filterBackend) ChainDb() ethdb.Database  { return fb.db }
+func (fb *filterBackend) EventMux() *event.TypeMux { panic("not supported") }
+
+func (fb *filterBackend) HeaderByNumber(ctx context.Context, block rpc.BlockNumber) (*types.Header, error) {
+	if block == rpc.LatestBlockNumber {
+		return fb.bc.CurrentHeader(), nil
+	}
+	return fb.bc.GetHeaderByNumber(uint64(block.Int64())), nil
+}
+
+func (fb *filterBackend) GetReceipts(ctx context.Context, hash common.Hash) (types.Receipts, error) {
+	return core.GetBlockReceipts(fb.db, hash, core.GetBlockNumber(fb.db, hash)), nil
+}
+
+func (fb *filterBackend) GetLogs(ctx context.Context, hash common.Hash) ([][]*types.Log, error) {
+	receipts := core.GetBlockReceipts(fb.db, hash, core.GetBlockNumber(fb.db, hash))
+	if receipts == nil {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	logs := make([][]*types.Log, len(receipts))
+	for i, receipt := range receipts {
+		logs[i] = receipt.Logs
+	}
+	return logs, nil
+}
+
+func (fb *filterBackend) SubscribeTxPreEvent(ch chan<- core.TxPreEvent) event.Subscription {
+	return event.NewSubscription(func(quit <-chan struct{}) error {
+		<-quit
+		return nil
+	})
+}
+func (fb *filterBackend) SubscribeChainEvent(ch chan<- core.ChainEvent) event.Subscription {
+	return fb.bc.SubscribeChainEvent(ch)
+}
+func (fb *filterBackend) SubscribeRemovedLogsEvent(ch chan<- core.RemovedLogsEvent) event.Subscription {
+	return fb.bc.SubscribeRemovedLogsEvent(ch)
+}
+func (fb *filterBackend) SubscribeLogsEvent(ch chan<- []*types.Log) event.Subscription {
+	return fb.bc.SubscribeLogsEvent(ch)
+}
+
+func (fb *filterBackend) BloomStatus() (uint64, uint64) { return 4096, 0 }
+func (fb *filterBackend) ServiceFilter(ctx context.Context, ms *bloombits.MatcherSession) {
+	panic("not supported")
+}

accounts/abi/bind/base.go

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/event"
 )
 
 // SignerFn is a signer function callback when a contract requires a method to
@@ -50,11 +51,27 @@ type TransactOpts struct {
 
 	Value    *big.Int // Funds to transfer along along the transaction (nil = 0 = no funds)
 	GasPrice *big.Int // Gas price to use for the transaction execution (nil = gas price oracle)
-	GasLimit *big.Int // Gas limit to set for the transaction execution (nil = estimate + 10%)
+	GasLimit uint64   // Gas limit to set for the transaction execution (0 = estimate)
 
 	Context context.Context // Network context to support cancellation and timeouts (nil = no timeout)
 }
 
+// FilterOpts is the collection of options to fine tune filtering for events
+// within a bound contract.
+type FilterOpts struct {
+	Start uint64  // Start of the queried range
+	End   *uint64 // End of the range (nil = latest)
+
+	Context context.Context // Network context to support cancellation and timeouts (nil = no timeout)
+}
+
+// WatchOpts is the collection of options to fine tune subscribing for events
+// within a bound contract.
+type WatchOpts struct {
+	Start   *uint64         // Start of the queried range (nil = latest)
+	Context context.Context // Network context to support cancellation and timeouts (nil = no timeout)
+}
+
 // BoundContract is the base wrapper object that reflects a contract on the
 // Ethereum network. It contains a collection of methods that are used by the
 // higher level contract bindings to operate.
@@ -63,16 +80,18 @@ type BoundContract struct {
 	abi        abi.ABI            // Reflect based ABI to access the correct Ethereum methods
 	caller     ContractCaller     // Read interface to interact with the blockchain
 	transactor ContractTransactor // Write interface to interact with the blockchain
+	filterer   ContractFilterer   // Event filtering to interact with the blockchain
 }
 
 // NewBoundContract creates a low level contract interface through which calls
 // and transactions may be made through.
-func NewBoundContract(address common.Address, abi abi.ABI, caller ContractCaller, transactor ContractTransactor) *BoundContract {
+func NewBoundContract(address common.Address, abi abi.ABI, caller ContractCaller, transactor ContractTransactor, filterer ContractFilterer) *BoundContract {
 	return &BoundContract{
 		address:    address,
 		abi:        abi,
 		caller:     caller,
 		transactor: transactor,
+		filterer:   filterer,
 	}
 }
 
@@ -80,7 +99,7 @@ func NewBoundContract(address common.Address, abi abi.ABI, caller ContractCaller
 // deployment address with a Go wrapper.
 func DeployContract(opts *TransactOpts, abi abi.ABI, bytecode []byte, backend ContractBackend, params ...interface{}) (common.Address, *types.Transaction, *BoundContract, error) {
 	// Otherwise try to deploy the contract
-	c := NewBoundContract(common.Address{}, abi, backend, backend)
+	c := NewBoundContract(common.Address{}, abi, backend, backend, backend)
 
 	input, err := c.abi.Pack("", params...)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -189,7 +208,7 @@ func (c *BoundContract) transact(opts *TransactOpts, contract *common.Address, i
 		}
 	}
 	gasLimit := opts.GasLimit
-	if gasLimit == nil {
+	if gasLimit == 0 {
 		// Gas estimation cannot succeed without code for method invocations
 		if contract != nil {
 			if code, err := c.transactor.PendingCodeAt(ensureContext(opts.Context), c.address); err != nil {
@@ -225,6 +244,104 @@ func (c *BoundContract) transact(opts *TransactOpts, contract *common.Address, i
 	return signedTx, nil
 }
 
+// FilterLogs filters contract logs for past blocks, returning the necessary
+// channels to construct a strongly typed bound iterator on top of them.
+func (c *BoundContract) FilterLogs(opts *FilterOpts, name string, query ...[]interface{}) (chan types.Log, event.Subscription, error) {
+	// Don't crash on a lazy user
+	if opts == nil {
+		opts = new(FilterOpts)
+	}
+	// Append the event selector to the query parameters and construct the topic set
+	query = append([][]interface{}{{c.abi.Events[name].Id()}}, query...)
+
+	topics, err := makeTopics(query...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	// Start the background filtering
+	logs := make(chan types.Log, 128)
+
+	config := ethereum.FilterQuery{
+		Addresses: []common.Address{c.address},
+		Topics:    topics,
+		FromBlock: new(big.Int).SetUint64(opts.Start),
+	}
+	if opts.End != nil {
+		config.ToBlock = new(big.Int).SetUint64(*opts.End)
+	}
+	/* TODO(karalabe): Replace the rest of the method below with this when supported
+	sub, err := c.filterer.SubscribeFilterLogs(ensureContext(opts.Context), config, logs)
+	*/
+	buff, err := c.filterer.FilterLogs(ensureContext(opts.Context), config)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	sub, err := event.NewSubscription(func(quit <-chan struct{}) error {
+		for _, log := range buff {
+			select {
+			case logs <- log:
+			case <-quit:
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}), nil
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	return logs, sub, nil
+}
+
+// WatchLogs filters subscribes to contract logs for future blocks, returning a
+// subscription object that can be used to tear down the watcher.
+func (c *BoundContract) WatchLogs(opts *WatchOpts, name string, query ...[]interface{}) (chan types.Log, event.Subscription, error) {
+	// Don't crash on a lazy user
+	if opts == nil {
+		opts = new(WatchOpts)
+	}
+	// Append the event selector to the query parameters and construct the topic set
+	query = append([][]interface{}{{c.abi.Events[name].Id()}}, query...)
+
+	topics, err := makeTopics(query...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	// Start the background filtering
+	logs := make(chan types.Log, 128)
+
+	config := ethereum.FilterQuery{
+		Addresses: []common.Address{c.address},
+		Topics:    topics,
+	}
+	if opts.Start != nil {
+		config.FromBlock = new(big.Int).SetUint64(*opts.Start)
+	}
+	sub, err := c.filterer.SubscribeFilterLogs(ensureContext(opts.Context), config, logs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, err
+	}
+	return logs, sub, nil
+}
+
+// UnpackLog unpacks a retrieved log into the provided output structure.
+func (c *BoundContract) UnpackLog(out interface{}, event string, log types.Log) error {
+	if len(log.Data) > 0 {
+		if err := c.abi.Unpack(out, event, log.Data); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	var indexed abi.Arguments
+	for _, arg := range c.abi.Events[event].Inputs {
+		if arg.Indexed {
+			indexed = append(indexed, arg)
+		}
+	}
+	return parseTopics(out, indexed, log.Topics[1:])
+}
+
+// ensureContext is a helper method to ensure a context is not nil, even if the
+// user specified it as such.
 func ensureContext(ctx context.Context) context.Context {
 	if ctx == nil {
 		return context.TODO()

accounts/abi/bind/bind.go

@@ -63,10 +63,11 @@ func Bind(types []string, abis []string, bytecodes []string, pkg string, lang La
 			return r
 		}, abis[i])
 
-		// Extract the call and transact methods, and sort them alphabetically
+		// Extract the call and transact methods; events; and sort them alphabetically
 		var (
 			calls     = make(map[string]*tmplMethod)
 			transacts = make(map[string]*tmplMethod)
+			events    = make(map[string]*tmplEvent)
 		)
 		for _, original := range evmABI.Methods {
 			// Normalize the method for capital cases and non-anonymous inputs/outputs
@@ -89,11 +90,33 @@ func Bind(types []string, abis []string, bytecodes []string, pkg string, lang La
 			}
 			// Append the methods to the call or transact lists
 			if original.Const {
-				calls[original.Name] = &tmplMethod{Original: original, Normalized: normalized, Structured: structured(original)}
+				calls[original.Name] = &tmplMethod{Original: original, Normalized: normalized, Structured: structured(original.Outputs)}
 			} else {
-				transacts[original.Name] = &tmplMethod{Original: original, Normalized: normalized, Structured: structured(original)}
+				transacts[original.Name] = &tmplMethod{Original: original, Normalized: normalized, Structured: structured(original.Outputs)}
 			}
 		}
+		for _, original := range evmABI.Events {
+			// Skip anonymous events as they don't support explicit filtering
+			if original.Anonymous {
+				continue
+			}
+			// Normalize the event for capital cases and non-anonymous outputs
+			normalized := original
+			normalized.Name = methodNormalizer[lang](original.Name)
+
+			normalized.Inputs = make([]abi.Argument, len(original.Inputs))
+			copy(normalized.Inputs, original.Inputs)
+			for j, input := range normalized.Inputs {
+				// Indexed fields are input, non-indexed ones are outputs
+				if input.Indexed {
+					if input.Name == "" {
+						normalized.Inputs[j].Name = fmt.Sprintf("arg%d", j)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			// Append the event to the accumulator list
+			events[original.Name] = &tmplEvent{Original: original, Normalized: normalized}
+		}
 		contracts[types[i]] = &tmplContract{
 			Type:        capitalise(types[i]),
 			InputABI:    strings.Replace(strippedABI, "\"", "\\\"", -1),
@@ -101,6 +124,7 @@ func Bind(types []string, abis []string, bytecodes []string, pkg string, lang La
 			Constructor: evmABI.Constructor,
 			Calls:       calls,
 			Transacts:   transacts,
+			Events:      events,
 		}
 	}
 	// Generate the contract template data content and render it
@@ -111,10 +135,11 @@ func Bind(types []string, abis []string, bytecodes []string, pkg string, lang La
 	buffer := new(bytes.Buffer)
 
 	funcs := map[string]interface{}{
-		"bindtype":     bindType[lang],
-		"namedtype":    namedType[lang],
-		"capitalise":   capitalise,
-		"decapitalise": decapitalise,
+		"bindtype":      bindType[lang],
+		"bindtopictype": bindTopicType[lang],
+		"namedtype":     namedType[lang],
+		"capitalise":    capitalise,
+		"decapitalise":  decapitalise,
 	}
 	tmpl := template.Must(template.New("").Funcs(funcs).Parse(tmplSource[lang]))
 	if err := tmpl.Execute(buffer, data); err != nil {
@@ -129,131 +154,187 @@ func Bind(types []string, abis []string, bytecodes []string, pkg string, lang La
 		return string(code), nil
 	}
 	// For all others just return as is for now
-	return string(buffer.Bytes()), nil
+	return buffer.String(), nil
 }
 
 // bindType is a set of type binders that convert Solidity types to some supported
-// programming language.
+// programming language types.
 var bindType = map[Lang]func(kind abi.Type) string{
 	LangGo:   bindTypeGo,
 	LangJava: bindTypeJava,
 }
 
+// Helper function for the binding generators.
+// It reads the unmatched characters after the inner type-match,
+//  (since the inner type is a prefix of the total type declaration),
+//  looks for valid arrays (possibly a dynamic one) wrapping the inner type,
+//  and returns the sizes of these arrays.
+//
+// Returned array sizes are in the same order as solidity signatures; inner array size first.
+// Array sizes may also be "", indicating a dynamic array.
+func wrapArray(stringKind string, innerLen int, innerMapping string) (string, []string) {
+	remainder := stringKind[innerLen:]
+	//find all the sizes
+	matches := regexp.MustCompile(`\[(\d*)\]`).FindAllStringSubmatch(remainder, -1)
+	parts := make([]string, 0, len(matches))
+	for _, match := range matches {
+		//get group 1 from the regex match
+		parts = append(parts, match[1])
+	}
+	return innerMapping, parts
+}
+
+// Translates the array sizes to a Go-lang declaration of a (nested) array of the inner type.
+// Simply returns the inner type if arraySizes is empty.
+func arrayBindingGo(inner string, arraySizes []string) string {
+	out := ""
+	//prepend all array sizes, from outer (end arraySizes) to inner (start arraySizes)
+	for i := len(arraySizes) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		out += "[" + arraySizes[i] + "]"
+	}
+	out += inner
+	return out
+}
+
 // bindTypeGo converts a Solidity type to a Go one. Since there is no clear mapping
 // from all Solidity types to Go ones (e.g. uint17), those that cannot be exactly
 // mapped will use an upscaled type (e.g. *big.Int).
 func bindTypeGo(kind abi.Type) string {
 	stringKind := kind.String()
+	innerLen, innerMapping := bindUnnestedTypeGo(stringKind)
+	return arrayBindingGo(wrapArray(stringKind, innerLen, innerMapping))
+}
+
+// The inner function of bindTypeGo, this finds the inner type of stringKind.
+// (Or just the type itself if it is not an array or slice)
+// The length of the matched part is returned, with the the translated type.
+func bindUnnestedTypeGo(stringKind string) (int, string) {
 
 	switch {
 	case strings.HasPrefix(stringKind, "address"):
-		parts := regexp.MustCompile(`address(\[[0-9]*\])?`).FindStringSubmatch(stringKind)
-		if len(parts) != 2 {
-			return stringKind
-		}
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%scommon.Address", parts[1])
+		return len("address"), "common.Address"
 
 	case strings.HasPrefix(stringKind, "bytes"):
-		parts := regexp.MustCompile(`bytes([0-9]*)(\[[0-9]*\])?`).FindStringSubmatch(stringKind)
-		if len(parts) != 3 {
-			return stringKind
-		}
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%s[%s]byte", parts[2], parts[1])
+		parts := regexp.MustCompile(`bytes([0-9]*)`).FindStringSubmatch(stringKind)
+		return len(parts[0]), fmt.Sprintf("[%s]byte", parts[1])
 
 	case strings.HasPrefix(stringKind, "int") || strings.HasPrefix(stringKind, "uint"):
-		parts := regexp.MustCompile(`(u)?int([0-9]*)(\[[0-9]*\])?`).FindStringSubmatch(stringKind)
-		if len(parts) != 4 {
-			return stringKind
-		}
+		parts := regexp.MustCompile(`(u)?int([0-9]*)`).FindStringSubmatch(stringKind)
 		switch parts[2] {
 		case "8", "16", "32", "64":
-			return fmt.Sprintf("%s%sint%s", parts[3], parts[1], parts[2])
+			return len(parts[0]), fmt.Sprintf("%sint%s", parts[1], parts[2])
 		}
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%s*big.Int", parts[3])
+		return len(parts[0]), "*big.Int"
 
-	case strings.HasPrefix(stringKind, "bool") || strings.HasPrefix(stringKind, "string"):
-		parts := regexp.MustCompile(`([a-z]+)(\[[0-9]*\])?`).FindStringSubmatch(stringKind)
-		if len(parts) != 3 {
-			return stringKind
-		}
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%s%s", parts[2], parts[1])
+	case strings.HasPrefix(stringKind, "bool"):
+		return len("bool"), "bool"
+
+	case strings.HasPrefix(stringKind, "string"):
+		return len("string"), "string"
 
 	default:
-		return stringKind
+		return len(stringKind), stringKind
 	}
 }
 
+// Translates the array sizes to a Java declaration of a (nested) array of the inner type.
+// Simply returns the inner type if arraySizes is empty.
+func arrayBindingJava(inner string, arraySizes []string) string {
+	// Java array type declarations do not include the length.
+	return inner + strings.Repeat("[]", len(arraySizes))
+}
+
 // bindTypeJava converts a Solidity type to a Java one. Since there is no clear mapping
 // from all Solidity types to Java ones (e.g. uint17), those that cannot be exactly
 // mapped will use an upscaled type (e.g. BigDecimal).
 func bindTypeJava(kind abi.Type) string {
 	stringKind := kind.String()
+	innerLen, innerMapping := bindUnnestedTypeJava(stringKind)
+	return arrayBindingJava(wrapArray(stringKind, innerLen, innerMapping))
+}
+
+// The inner function of bindTypeJava, this finds the inner type of stringKind.
+// (Or just the type itself if it is not an array or slice)
+// The length of the matched part is returned, with the the translated type.
+func bindUnnestedTypeJava(stringKind string) (int, string) {
 
 	switch {
 	case strings.HasPrefix(stringKind, "address"):
 		parts := regexp.MustCompile(`address(\[[0-9]*\])?`).FindStringSubmatch(stringKind)
 		if len(parts) != 2 {
-			return stringKind
+			return len(stringKind), stringKind
 		}
 		if parts[1] == "" {
-			return fmt.Sprintf("Address")
+			return len("address"), "Address"
 		}
-		return fmt.Sprintf("Addresses")
+		return len(parts[0]), "Addresses"
 
 	case strings.HasPrefix(stringKind, "bytes"):
-		parts := regexp.MustCompile(`bytes([0-9]*)(\[[0-9]*\])?`).FindStringSubmatch(stringKind)
-		if len(parts) != 3 {
-			return stringKind
+		parts := regexp.MustCompile(`bytes([0-9]*)`).FindStringSubmatch(stringKind)
+		if len(parts) != 2 {
+			return len(stringKind), stringKind
 		}
-		if parts[2] != "" {
-			return "byte[][]"
-		}
-		return "byte[]"
+		return len(parts[0]), "byte[]"
 
 	case strings.HasPrefix(stringKind, "int") || strings.HasPrefix(stringKind, "uint"):
-		parts := regexp.MustCompile(`(u)?int([0-9]*)(\[[0-9]*\])?`).FindStringSubmatch(stringKind)
-		if len(parts) != 4 {
-			return stringKind
+		//Note that uint and int (without digits) are also matched,
+		// these are size 256, and will translate to BigInt (the default).
+		parts := regexp.MustCompile(`(u)?int([0-9]*)`).FindStringSubmatch(stringKind)
+		if len(parts) != 3 {
+			return len(stringKind), stringKind
 		}
-		switch parts[2] {
-		case "8", "16", "32", "64":
-			if parts[1] == "" {
-				if parts[3] == "" {
-					return fmt.Sprintf("int%s", parts[2])
-				}
-				return fmt.Sprintf("int%s[]", parts[2])
-			}
+
+		namedSize := map[string]string{
+			"8":  "byte",
+			"16": "short",
+			"32": "int",
+			"64": "long",
+		}[parts[2]]
+
+		//default to BigInt
+		if namedSize == "" {
+			namedSize = "BigInt"
 		}
-		if parts[3] == "" {
-			return fmt.Sprintf("BigInt")
-		}
-		return fmt.Sprintf("BigInts")
+		return len(parts[0]), namedSize
 
 	case strings.HasPrefix(stringKind, "bool"):
-		parts := regexp.MustCompile(`bool(\[[0-9]*\])?`).FindStringSubmatch(stringKind)
-		if len(parts) != 2 {
-			return stringKind
-		}
-		if parts[1] == "" {
-			return fmt.Sprintf("bool")
-		}
-		return fmt.Sprintf("bool[]")
+		return len("bool"), "boolean"
 
 	case strings.HasPrefix(stringKind, "string"):
-		parts := regexp.MustCompile(`string(\[[0-9]*\])?`).FindStringSubmatch(stringKind)
-		if len(parts) != 2 {
-			return stringKind
-		}
-		if parts[1] == "" {
-			return fmt.Sprintf("String")
-		}
-		return fmt.Sprintf("String[]")
+		return len("string"), "String"
 
 	default:
-		return stringKind
+		return len(stringKind), stringKind
 	}
 }
 
+// bindTopicType is a set of type binders that convert Solidity types to some
+// supported programming language topic types.
+var bindTopicType = map[Lang]func(kind abi.Type) string{
+	LangGo:   bindTopicTypeGo,
+	LangJava: bindTopicTypeJava,
+}
+
+// bindTypeGo converts a Solidity topic type to a Go one. It is almost the same
+// funcionality as for simple types, but dynamic types get converted to hashes.
+func bindTopicTypeGo(kind abi.Type) string {
+	bound := bindTypeGo(kind)
+	if bound == "string" || bound == "[]byte" {
+		bound = "common.Hash"
+	}
+	return bound
+}
+
+// bindTypeGo converts a Solidity topic type to a Java one. It is almost the same
+// funcionality as for simple types, but dynamic types get converted to hashes.
+func bindTopicTypeJava(kind abi.Type) string {
+	bound := bindTypeJava(kind)
+	if bound == "String" || bound == "Bytes" {
+		bound = "Hash"
+	}
+	return bound
+}
+
 // namedType is a set of functions that transform language specific types to
 // named versions that my be used inside method names.
 var namedType = map[Lang]func(string, abi.Type) string{
@@ -273,11 +354,13 @@ func namedTypeJava(javaKind string, solKind abi.Type) string {
 		return "String"
 	case "string[]":
 		return "Strings"
-	case "bool":
+	case "boolean":
 		return "Bool"
-	case "bool[]":
+	case "boolean[]":
 		return "Bools"
-	case "BigInt":
+	case "BigInt[]":
+		return "BigInts"
+	default:
 		parts := regexp.MustCompile(`(u)?int([0-9]*)(\[[0-9]*\])?`).FindStringSubmatch(solKind.String())
 		if len(parts) != 4 {
 			return javaKind
@@ -292,8 +375,6 @@ func namedTypeJava(javaKind string, solKind abi.Type) string {
 		default:
 			return javaKind
 		}
-	default:
-		return javaKind
 	}
 }
 
@@ -304,26 +385,71 @@ var methodNormalizer = map[Lang]func(string) string{
 	LangJava: decapitalise,
 }
 
-// capitalise makes the first character of a string upper case.
+// capitalise makes a camel-case string which starts with an upper case character.
 func capitalise(input string) string {
-	return strings.ToUpper(input[:1]) + input[1:]
+	for len(input) > 0 && input[0] == '_' {
+		input = input[1:]
+	}
+	if len(input) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return toCamelCase(strings.ToUpper(input[:1]) + input[1:])
 }
 
-// decapitalise makes the first character of a string lower case.
+// decapitalise makes a camel-case string which starts with a lower case character.
 func decapitalise(input string) string {
-	return strings.ToLower(input[:1]) + input[1:]
+	for len(input) > 0 && input[0] == '_' {
+		input = input[1:]
+	}
+	if len(input) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return toCamelCase(strings.ToLower(input[:1]) + input[1:])
 }
 
-// structured checks whether a method has enough information to return a proper
-// Go struct ot if flat returns are needed.
-func structured(method abi.Method) bool {
-	if len(method.Outputs) < 2 {
+// toCamelCase converts an under-score string to a camel-case string
+func toCamelCase(input string) string {
+	toupper := false
+
+	result := ""
+	for k, v := range input {
+		switch {
+		case k == 0:
+			result = strings.ToUpper(string(input[0]))
+
+		case toupper:
+			result += strings.ToUpper(string(v))
+			toupper = false
+
+		case v == '_':
+			toupper = true
+
+		default:
+			result += string(v)
+		}
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+// structured checks whether a list of ABI data types has enough information to
+// operate through a proper Go struct or if flat returns are needed.
+func structured(args abi.Arguments) bool {
+	if len(args) < 2 {
 		return false
 	}
-	for _, out := range method.Outputs {
+	exists := make(map[string]bool)
+	for _, out := range args {
+		// If the name is anonymous, we can't organize into a struct
 		if out.Name == "" {
 			return false
 		}
+		// If the field name is empty when normalized or collides (var, Var, _var, _Var),
+		// we can't organize into a struct
+		field := capitalise(out.Name)
+		if field == "" || exists[field] {
+			return false
+		}
+		exists[field] = true
 	}
 	return true
 }

accounts/abi/bind/bind_test.go

@@ -126,6 +126,7 @@ var bindTests = []struct {
 				{"type":"function","name":"namedOutput","constant":true,"inputs":[],"outputs":[{"name":"str","type":"string"}]},
 				{"type":"function","name":"anonOutput","constant":true,"inputs":[],"outputs":[{"name":"","type":"string"}]},
 				{"type":"function","name":"namedOutputs","constant":true,"inputs":[],"outputs":[{"name":"str1","type":"string"},{"name":"str2","type":"string"}]},
+				{"type":"function","name":"collidingOutputs","constant":true,"inputs":[],"outputs":[{"name":"str","type":"string"},{"name":"Str","type":"string"}]},
 				{"type":"function","name":"anonOutputs","constant":true,"inputs":[],"outputs":[{"name":"","type":"string"},{"name":"","type":"string"}]},
 				{"type":"function","name":"mixedOutputs","constant":true,"inputs":[],"outputs":[{"name":"","type":"string"},{"name":"str","type":"string"}]}
 			]
@@ -140,12 +141,71 @@ var bindTests = []struct {
 			 str1, err        = b.NamedOutput(nil)
 			 str1, err        = b.AnonOutput(nil)
 			 res, _          := b.NamedOutputs(nil)
+			 str1, str2, err  = b.CollidingOutputs(nil)
 			 str1, str2, err  = b.AnonOutputs(nil)
 			 str1, str2, err  = b.MixedOutputs(nil)
 
 			 fmt.Println(str1, str2, res.Str1, res.Str2, err)
 		 }`,
 	},
+	// Tests that named, anonymous and indexed events are handled correctly
+	{
+		`EventChecker`, ``, ``,
+		`
+			[
+				{"type":"event","name":"empty","inputs":[]},
+				{"type":"event","name":"indexed","inputs":[{"name":"addr","type":"address","indexed":true},{"name":"num","type":"int256","indexed":true}]},
+				{"type":"event","name":"mixed","inputs":[{"name":"addr","type":"address","indexed":true},{"name":"num","type":"int256"}]},
+				{"type":"event","name":"anonymous","anonymous":true,"inputs":[]},
+				{"type":"event","name":"dynamic","inputs":[{"name":"idxStr","type":"string","indexed":true},{"name":"idxDat","type":"bytes","indexed":true},{"name":"str","type":"string"},{"name":"dat","type":"bytes"}]}
+			]
+		`,
+		`if e, err := NewEventChecker(common.Address{}, nil); e == nil || err != nil {
+			 t.Fatalf("binding (%v) nil or error (%v) not nil", e, nil)
+		 } else if false { // Don't run, just compile and test types
+			 var (
+				 err  error
+			   res  bool
+				 str  string
+				 dat  []byte
+				 hash common.Hash
+			 )
+			 _, err = e.FilterEmpty(nil)
+			 _, err = e.FilterIndexed(nil, []common.Address{}, []*big.Int{})
+
+			 mit, err := e.FilterMixed(nil, []common.Address{})
+
+			 res = mit.Next()  // Make sure the iterator has a Next method
+			 err = mit.Error() // Make sure the iterator has an Error method
+			 err = mit.Close() // Make sure the iterator has a Close method
+
+			 fmt.Println(mit.Event.Raw.BlockHash) // Make sure the raw log is contained within the results
+			 fmt.Println(mit.Event.Num)           // Make sure the unpacked non-indexed fields are present
+			 fmt.Println(mit.Event.Addr)          // Make sure the reconstructed indexed fields are present
+
+			 dit, err := e.FilterDynamic(nil, []string{}, [][]byte{})
+
+			 str  = dit.Event.Str    // Make sure non-indexed strings retain their type
+			 dat  = dit.Event.Dat    // Make sure non-indexed bytes retain their type
+			 hash = dit.Event.IdxStr // Make sure indexed strings turn into hashes
+			 hash = dit.Event.IdxDat // Make sure indexed bytes turn into hashes
+
+			 sink := make(chan *EventCheckerMixed)
+			 sub, err := e.WatchMixed(nil, sink, []common.Address{})
+			 defer sub.Unsubscribe()
+
+			 event := <-sink
+			 fmt.Println(event.Raw.BlockHash) // Make sure the raw log is contained within the results
+			 fmt.Println(event.Num)           // Make sure the unpacked non-indexed fields are present
+			 fmt.Println(event.Addr)          // Make sure the reconstructed indexed fields are present
+
+			 fmt.Println(res, str, dat, hash, err)
+		 }
+		 // Run a tiny reflection test to ensure disallowed methods don't appear
+		 if _, ok := reflect.TypeOf(&EventChecker{}).MethodByName("FilterAnonymous"); ok {
+		 	t.Errorf("binding has disallowed method (FilterAnonymous)")
+		 }`,
+	},
 	// Test that contract interactions (deploy, transact and call) generate working code
 	{
 		`Interactor`,
@@ -365,7 +425,7 @@ var bindTests = []struct {
 			}
 		`,
 	},
-	// Tests that gas estimation works for contracts with	weird gas mechanics too.
+	// Tests that gas estimation works for contracts with weird gas mechanics too.
 	{
 		`FunkyGasPattern`,
 		`
@@ -397,7 +457,6 @@ var bindTests = []struct {
 			sim.Commit()
 
 			// Set the field with automatic estimation and check that it succeeds
-			auth.GasLimit = nil
 			if _, err := limiter.SetField(auth, "automatic"); err != nil {
 				t.Fatalf("Failed to call automatically gased transaction: %v", err)
 			}
@@ -447,6 +506,309 @@ var bindTests = []struct {
 			}
 		`,
 	},
+	// Tests that methods and returns with underscores inside work correctly.
+	{
+		`Underscorer`,
+		`
+		contract Underscorer {
+			function UnderscoredOutput() constant returns (int _int, string _string) {
+				return (314, "pi");
+			}
+			function LowerLowerCollision() constant returns (int _res, int res) {
+				return (1, 2);
+			}
+			function LowerUpperCollision() constant returns (int _res, int Res) {
+				return (1, 2);
+			}
+			function UpperLowerCollision() constant returns (int _Res, int res) {
+				return (1, 2);
+			}
+			function UpperUpperCollision() constant returns (int _Res, int Res) {
+				return (1, 2);
+			}
+			function PurelyUnderscoredOutput() constant returns (int _, int res) {
+				return (1, 2);
+			}
+			function AllPurelyUnderscoredOutput() constant returns (int _, int __) {
+				return (1, 2);
+			}
+			function _under_scored_func() constant returns (int _int) {
+				return 0;
+			}
+		}
+		`, `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`,
+		`[{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"LowerUpperCollision","outputs":[{"name":"_res","type":"int256"},{"name":"Res","type":"int256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"_under_scored_func","outputs":[{"name":"_int","type":"int256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"UnderscoredOutput","outputs":[{"name":"_int","type":"int256"},{"name":"_string","type":"string"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"PurelyUnderscoredOutput","outputs":[{"name":"_","type":"int256"},{"name":"res","type":"int256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"UpperLowerCollision","outputs":[{"name":"_Res","type":"int256"},{"name":"res","type":"int256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"AllPurelyUnderscoredOutput","outputs":[{"name":"_","type":"int256"},{"name":"__","type":"int256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"UpperUpperCollision","outputs":[{"name":"_Res","type":"int256"},{"name":"Res","type":"int256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"LowerLowerCollision","outputs":[{"name":"_res","type":"int256"},{"name":"res","type":"int256"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"}]`,
+		`
+			// Generate a new random account and a funded simulator
+			key, _ := crypto.GenerateKey()
+			auth := bind.NewKeyedTransactor(key)
+			sim := backends.NewSimulatedBackend(core.GenesisAlloc{auth.From: {Balance: big.NewInt(10000000000)}})
+
+			// Deploy a underscorer tester contract and execute a structured call on it
+			_, _, underscorer, err := DeployUnderscorer(auth, sim)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Failed to deploy underscorer contract: %v", err)
+			}
+			sim.Commit()
+
+			// Verify that underscored return values correctly parse into structs
+			if res, err := underscorer.UnderscoredOutput(nil); err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("Failed to call constant function: %v", err)
+			} else if res.Int.Cmp(big.NewInt(314)) != 0 || res.String != "pi" {
+				t.Errorf("Invalid result, want: {314, \"pi\"}, got: %+v", res)
+			}
+			// Verify that underscored and non-underscored name collisions force tuple outputs
+			var a, b *big.Int
+
+			a, b, _ = underscorer.LowerLowerCollision(nil)
+			a, b, _ = underscorer.LowerUpperCollision(nil)
+			a, b, _ = underscorer.UpperLowerCollision(nil)
+			a, b, _ = underscorer.UpperUpperCollision(nil)
+			a, b, _ = underscorer.PurelyUnderscoredOutput(nil)
+			a, b, _ = underscorer.AllPurelyUnderscoredOutput(nil)
+			a, _ = underscorer.UnderScoredFunc(nil)
+
+			fmt.Println(a, b, err)
+		`,
+	},
+	// Tests that logs can be successfully filtered and decoded.
+	{
+		`Eventer`,
+		`
+			contract Eventer {
+					event SimpleEvent (
+					address indexed Addr,
+					bytes32 indexed Id,
+					bool    indexed Flag,
+					uint    Value
+				);
+				function raiseSimpleEvent(address addr, bytes32 id, bool flag, uint value) {
+					SimpleEvent(addr, id, flag, value);
+				}
+
+				event NodataEvent (
+					uint   indexed Number,
+					int16  indexed Short,
+					uint32 indexed Long
+				);
+				function raiseNodataEvent(uint number, int16 short, uint32 long) {
+					NodataEvent(number, short, long);
+				}
+
+				event DynamicEvent (
+					string indexed IndexedString,
+					bytes  indexed IndexedBytes,
+					string NonIndexedString,
+					bytes  NonIndexedBytes
+				);
+				function raiseDynamicEvent(string str, bytes blob) {
+					DynamicEvent(str, blob, str, blob);
+				}
+			}
+		`,
+		`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`,
+		`[{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"str","type":"string"},{"name":"blob","type":"bytes"}],"name":"raiseDynamicEvent","outputs":[],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"addr","type":"address"},{"name":"id","type":"bytes32"},{"name":"flag","type":"bool"},{"name":"value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"raiseSimpleEvent","outputs":[],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"number","type":"uint256"},{"name":"short","type":"int16"},{"name":"long","type":"uint32"}],"name":"raiseNodataEvent","outputs":[],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"name":"Addr","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"name":"Id","type":"bytes32"},{"indexed":true,"name":"Flag","type":"bool"},{"indexed":false,"name":"Value","type":"uint256"}],"name":"SimpleEvent","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"name":"Number","type":"uint256"},{"indexed":true,"name":"Short","type":"int16"},{"indexed":true,"name":"Long","type":"uint32"}],"name":"NodataEvent","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"name":"IndexedString","type":"string"},{"indexed":true,"name":"IndexedBytes","type":"bytes"},{"indexed":false,"name":"NonIndexedString","type":"string"},{"indexed":false,"name":"NonIndexedBytes","type":"bytes"}],"name":"DynamicEvent","type":"event"}]`,
+		`
+			// Generate a new random account and a funded simulator
+			key, _ := crypto.GenerateKey()
+			auth := bind.NewKeyedTransactor(key)
+			sim := backends.NewSimulatedBackend(core.GenesisAlloc{auth.From: {Balance: big.NewInt(10000000000)}})
+
+			// Deploy an eventer contract
+			_, _, eventer, err := DeployEventer(auth, sim)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Failed to deploy eventer contract: %v", err)
+			}
+			sim.Commit()
+
+			// Inject a few events into the contract, gradually more in each block
+			for i := 1; i <= 3; i++ {
+				for j := 1; j <= i; j++ {
+					if _, err := eventer.RaiseSimpleEvent(auth, common.Address{byte(j)}, [32]byte{byte(j)}, true, big.NewInt(int64(10*i+j))); err != nil {
+						t.Fatalf("block %d, event %d: raise failed: %v", i, j, err)
+					}
+				}
+				sim.Commit()
+			}
+			// Test filtering for certain events and ensure they can be found
+			sit, err := eventer.FilterSimpleEvent(nil, []common.Address{common.Address{1}, common.Address{3}}, [][32]byte{{byte(1)}, {byte(2)}, {byte(3)}}, []bool{true})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("failed to filter for simple events: %v", err)
+			}
+			defer sit.Close()
+
+			sit.Next()
+			if sit.Event.Value.Uint64() != 11 || !sit.Event.Flag {
+				t.Errorf("simple log content mismatch: have %v, want {11, true}", sit.Event)
+			}
+			sit.Next()
+			if sit.Event.Value.Uint64() != 21 || !sit.Event.Flag {
+				t.Errorf("simple log content mismatch: have %v, want {21, true}", sit.Event)
+			}
+			sit.Next()
+			if sit.Event.Value.Uint64() != 31 || !sit.Event.Flag {
+				t.Errorf("simple log content mismatch: have %v, want {31, true}", sit.Event)
+			}
+			sit.Next()
+			if sit.Event.Value.Uint64() != 33 || !sit.Event.Flag {
+				t.Errorf("simple log content mismatch: have %v, want {33, true}", sit.Event)
+			}
+
+			if sit.Next() {
+				t.Errorf("unexpected simple event found: %+v", sit.Event)
+			}
+			if err = sit.Error(); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("simple event iteration failed: %v", err)
+			}
+			// Test raising and filtering for an event with no data component
+			if _, err := eventer.RaiseNodataEvent(auth, big.NewInt(314), 141, 271); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("failed to raise nodata event: %v", err)
+			}
+			sim.Commit()
+
+			nit, err := eventer.FilterNodataEvent(nil, []*big.Int{big.NewInt(314)}, []int16{140, 141, 142}, []uint32{271})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("failed to filter for nodata events: %v", err)
+			}
+			defer nit.Close()
+
+			if !nit.Next() {
+				t.Fatalf("nodata log not found: %v", nit.Error())
+			}
+			if nit.Event.Number.Uint64() != 314 {
+				t.Errorf("nodata log content mismatch: have %v, want 314", nit.Event.Number)
+			}
+			if nit.Next() {
+				t.Errorf("unexpected nodata event found: %+v", nit.Event)
+			}
+			if err = nit.Error(); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("nodata event iteration failed: %v", err)
+			}
+			// Test raising and filtering for events with dynamic indexed components
+			if _, err := eventer.RaiseDynamicEvent(auth, "Hello", []byte("World")); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("failed to raise dynamic event: %v", err)
+			}
+			sim.Commit()
+
+			dit, err := eventer.FilterDynamicEvent(nil, []string{"Hi", "Hello", "Bye"}, [][]byte{[]byte("World")})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("failed to filter for dynamic events: %v", err)
+			}
+			defer dit.Close()
+
+			if !dit.Next() {
+				t.Fatalf("dynamic log not found: %v", dit.Error())
+			}
+			if dit.Event.NonIndexedString != "Hello" || string(dit.Event.NonIndexedBytes) != "World" ||	dit.Event.IndexedString != common.HexToHash("0x06b3dfaec148fb1bb2b066f10ec285e7c9bf402ab32aa78a5d38e34566810cd2") || dit.Event.IndexedBytes != common.HexToHash("0xf2208c967df089f60420785795c0a9ba8896b0f6f1867fa7f1f12ad6f79c1a18") {
+				t.Errorf("dynamic log content mismatch: have %v, want {'0x06b3dfaec148fb1bb2b066f10ec285e7c9bf402ab32aa78a5d38e34566810cd2, '0xf2208c967df089f60420785795c0a9ba8896b0f6f1867fa7f1f12ad6f79c1a18', 'Hello', 'World'}", dit.Event)
+			}
+			if dit.Next() {
+				t.Errorf("unexpected dynamic event found: %+v", dit.Event)
+			}
+			if err = dit.Error(); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("dynamic event iteration failed: %v", err)
+			}
+			// Test subscribing to an event and raising it afterwards
+			ch := make(chan *EventerSimpleEvent, 16)
+			sub, err := eventer.WatchSimpleEvent(nil, ch, nil, nil, nil)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("failed to subscribe to simple events: %v", err)
+			}
+			if _, err := eventer.RaiseSimpleEvent(auth, common.Address{255}, [32]byte{255}, true, big.NewInt(255)); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("failed to raise subscribed simple event: %v", err)
+			}
+			sim.Commit()
+
+			select {
+			case event := <-ch:
+				if event.Value.Uint64() != 255 {
+					t.Errorf("simple log content mismatch: have %v, want 255", event)
+				}
+			case <-time.After(250 * time.Millisecond):
+				t.Fatalf("subscribed simple event didn't arrive")
+			}
+			// Unsubscribe from the event and make sure we're not delivered more
+			sub.Unsubscribe()
+
+			if _, err := eventer.RaiseSimpleEvent(auth, common.Address{254}, [32]byte{254}, true, big.NewInt(254)); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("failed to raise subscribed simple event: %v", err)
+			}
+			sim.Commit()
+
+			select {
+			case event := <-ch:
+				t.Fatalf("unsubscribed simple event arrived: %v", event)
+			case <-time.After(250 * time.Millisecond):
+			}
+		`,
+	},
+	{
+		`DeeplyNestedArray`,
+		`
+			contract DeeplyNestedArray {
+				uint64[3][4][5] public deepUint64Array;
+				function storeDeepUintArray(uint64[3][4][5] arr) public {
+					deepUint64Array = arr;
+				}
+				function retrieveDeepArray() public view returns (uint64[3][4][5]) {
+					return deepUint64Array;
+				}
+			}
+		`,
+		`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`,
+		`[{"constant":false,"inputs":[{"name":"arr","type":"uint64[3][4][5]"}],"name":"storeDeepUintArray","outputs":[],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[],"name":"retrieveDeepArray","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"uint64[3][4][5]"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"constant":true,"inputs":[{"name":"","type":"uint256"},{"name":"","type":"uint256"},{"name":"","type":"uint256"}],"name":"deepUint64Array","outputs":[{"name":"","type":"uint64"}],"payable":false,"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"}]`,
+		`
+			// Generate a new random account and a funded simulator
+			key, _ := crypto.GenerateKey()
+			auth := bind.NewKeyedTransactor(key)
+			sim := backends.NewSimulatedBackend(core.GenesisAlloc{auth.From: {Balance: big.NewInt(10000000000)}})
+
+			//deploy the test contract
+			_, _, testContract, err := DeployDeeplyNestedArray(auth, sim)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Failed to deploy test contract: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			// Finish deploy.
+			sim.Commit()
+
+			//Create coordinate-filled array, for testing purposes.
+			testArr := [5][4][3]uint64{}
+			for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+				testArr[i] = [4][3]uint64{}
+				for j := 0; j < 4; j++ {
+					testArr[i][j] = [3]uint64{}
+					for k := 0; k < 3; k++ {
+						//pack the coordinates, each array value will be unique, and can be validated easily.
+						testArr[i][j][k] = uint64(i) << 16 | uint64(j) << 8 | uint64(k)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			if _, err := testContract.StoreDeepUintArray(&bind.TransactOpts{
+				From: auth.From,
+				Signer: auth.Signer,
+			}, testArr); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Failed to store nested array in test contract: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			sim.Commit()
+
+			retrievedArr, err := testContract.RetrieveDeepArray(&bind.CallOpts{
+				From: auth.From,
+				Pending: false,
+			})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("Failed to retrieve nested array from test contract: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			//quick check to see if contents were copied
+			// (See accounts/abi/unpack_test.go for more extensive testing)
+			if retrievedArr[4][3][2] != testArr[4][3][2] {
+				t.Fatalf("Retrieved value does not match expected value! got: %d, expected: %d. %v", retrievedArr[4][3][2], testArr[4][3][2], err)
+			}
+		`,
+	},
 }
 
 // Tests that packages generated by the binder can be successfully compiled and
@@ -498,7 +860,7 @@ func TestBindings(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 	// Test the entire package and report any failures
-	cmd := exec.Command(gocmd, "test", "-v")
+	cmd := exec.Command(gocmd, "test", "-v", "-count", "1")
 	cmd.Dir = pkg
 	if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("failed to run binding test: %v\n%s", err, out)

accounts/abi/bind/template.go

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ type tmplContract struct {
 	Constructor abi.Method             // Contract constructor for deploy parametrization
 	Calls       map[string]*tmplMethod // Contract calls that only read state data
 	Transacts   map[string]*tmplMethod // Contract calls that write state data
+	Events      map[string]*tmplEvent  // Contract events accessors
 }
 
 // tmplMethod is a wrapper around an abi.Method that contains a few preprocessed
@@ -39,7 +40,13 @@ type tmplContract struct {
 type tmplMethod struct {
 	Original   abi.Method // Original method as parsed by the abi package
 	Normalized abi.Method // Normalized version of the parsed method (capitalized names, non-anonymous args/returns)
-	Structured bool       // Whether the returns should be accumulated into a contract
+	Structured bool       // Whether the returns should be accumulated into a struct
+}
+
+// tmplEvent is a wrapper around an a
+type tmplEvent struct {
+	Original   abi.Event // Original event as parsed by the abi package
+	Normalized abi.Event // Normalized version of the parsed fields
 }
 
 // tmplSource is language to template mapping containing all the supported
@@ -75,7 +82,7 @@ package {{.Package}}
 		  if err != nil {
 		    return common.Address{}, nil, nil, err
 		  }
-		  return address, tx, &{{.Type}}{ {{.Type}}Caller: {{.Type}}Caller{contract: contract}, {{.Type}}Transactor: {{.Type}}Transactor{contract: contract} }, nil
+		  return address, tx, &{{.Type}}{ {{.Type}}Caller: {{.Type}}Caller{contract: contract}, {{.Type}}Transactor: {{.Type}}Transactor{contract: contract}, {{.Type}}Filterer: {{.Type}}Filterer{contract: contract} }, nil
 		}
 	{{end}}
 
@@ -83,6 +90,7 @@ package {{.Package}}
 	type {{.Type}} struct {
 	  {{.Type}}Caller     // Read-only binding to the contract
 	  {{.Type}}Transactor // Write-only binding to the contract
+		{{.Type}}Filterer   // Log filterer for contract events
 	}
 
 	// {{.Type}}Caller is an auto generated read-only Go binding around an Ethereum contract.
@@ -95,6 +103,11 @@ package {{.Package}}
 	  contract *bind.BoundContract // Generic contract wrapper for the low level calls
 	}
 
+	// {{.Type}}Filterer is an auto generated log filtering Go binding around an Ethereum contract events.
+	type {{.Type}}Filterer struct {
+	  contract *bind.BoundContract // Generic contract wrapper for the low level calls
+	}
+
 	// {{.Type}}Session is an auto generated Go binding around an Ethereum contract,
 	// with pre-set call and transact options.
 	type {{.Type}}Session struct {
@@ -134,16 +147,16 @@ package {{.Package}}
 
 	// New{{.Type}} creates a new instance of {{.Type}}, bound to a specific deployed contract.
 	func New{{.Type}}(address common.Address, backend bind.ContractBackend) (*{{.Type}}, error) {
-	  contract, err := bind{{.Type}}(address, backend, backend)
+	  contract, err := bind{{.Type}}(address, backend, backend, backend)
 	  if err != nil {
 	    return nil, err
 	  }
-	  return &{{.Type}}{ {{.Type}}Caller: {{.Type}}Caller{contract: contract}, {{.Type}}Transactor: {{.Type}}Transactor{contract: contract} }, nil
+	  return &{{.Type}}{ {{.Type}}Caller: {{.Type}}Caller{contract: contract}, {{.Type}}Transactor: {{.Type}}Transactor{contract: contract}, {{.Type}}Filterer: {{.Type}}Filterer{contract: contract} }, nil
 	}
 
 	// New{{.Type}}Caller creates a new read-only instance of {{.Type}}, bound to a specific deployed contract.
 	func New{{.Type}}Caller(address common.Address, caller bind.ContractCaller) (*{{.Type}}Caller, error) {
-	  contract, err := bind{{.Type}}(address, caller, nil)
+	  contract, err := bind{{.Type}}(address, caller, nil, nil)
 	  if err != nil {
 	    return nil, err
 	  }
@@ -152,20 +165,29 @@ package {{.Package}}
 
 	// New{{.Type}}Transactor creates a new write-only instance of {{.Type}}, bound to a specific deployed contract.
 	func New{{.Type}}Transactor(address common.Address, transactor bind.ContractTransactor) (*{{.Type}}Transactor, error) {
-	  contract, err := bind{{.Type}}(address, nil, transactor)
+	  contract, err := bind{{.Type}}(address, nil, transactor, nil)
 	  if err != nil {
 	    return nil, err
 	  }
 	  return &{{.Type}}Transactor{contract: contract}, nil
 	}
 
+	// New{{.Type}}Filterer creates a new log filterer instance of {{.Type}}, bound to a specific deployed contract.
+ 	func New{{.Type}}Filterer(address common.Address, filterer bind.ContractFilterer) (*{{.Type}}Filterer, error) {
+ 	  contract, err := bind{{.Type}}(address, nil, nil, filterer)
+ 	  if err != nil {
+ 	    return nil, err
+ 	  }
+ 	  return &{{.Type}}Filterer{contract: contract}, nil
+ 	}
+
 	// bind{{.Type}} binds a generic wrapper to an already deployed contract.
-	func bind{{.Type}}(address common.Address, caller bind.ContractCaller, transactor bind.ContractTransactor) (*bind.BoundContract, error) {
+	func bind{{.Type}}(address common.Address, caller bind.ContractCaller, transactor bind.ContractTransactor, filterer bind.ContractFilterer) (*bind.BoundContract, error) {
 	  parsed, err := abi.JSON(strings.NewReader({{.Type}}ABI))
 	  if err != nil {
 	    return nil, err
 	  }
-	  return bind.NewBoundContract(address, parsed, caller, transactor), nil
+	  return bind.NewBoundContract(address, parsed, caller, transactor, filterer), nil
 	}
 
 	// Call invokes the (constant) contract method with params as input values and
@@ -263,6 +285,137 @@ package {{.Package}}
 		  return _{{$contract.Type}}.Contract.{{.Normalized.Name}}(&_{{$contract.Type}}.TransactOpts {{range $i, $_ := .Normalized.Inputs}}, {{.Name}}{{end}})
 		}
 	{{end}}
+
+	{{range .Events}}
+		// {{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}}Iterator is returned from Filter{{.Normalized.Name}} and is used to iterate over the raw logs and unpacked data for {{.Normalized.Name}} events raised by the {{$contract.Type}} contract.
+		type {{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}}Iterator struct {
+			Event *{{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}} // Event containing the contract specifics and raw log
+
+			contract *bind.BoundContract // Generic contract to use for unpacking event data
+			event    string              // Event name to use for unpacking event data
+
+			logs chan types.Log        // Log channel receiving the found contract events
+			sub  ethereum.Subscription // Subscription for errors, completion and termination
+			done bool                  // Whether the subscription completed delivering logs
+			fail error                 // Occurred error to stop iteration
+		}
+		// Next advances the iterator to the subsequent event, returning whether there
+		// are any more events found. In case of a retrieval or parsing error, false is
+		// returned and Error() can be queried for the exact failure.
+		func (it *{{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}}Iterator) Next() bool {
+			// If the iterator failed, stop iterating
+			if (it.fail != nil) {
+				return false
+			}
+			// If the iterator completed, deliver directly whatever's available
+			if (it.done) {
+				select {
+				case log := <-it.logs:
+					it.Event = new({{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}})
+					if err := it.contract.UnpackLog(it.Event, it.event, log); err != nil {
+						it.fail = err
+						return false
+					}
+					it.Event.Raw = log
+					return true
+
+				default:
+					return false
+				}
+			}
+			// Iterator still in progress, wait for either a data or an error event
+			select {
+			case log := <-it.logs:
+				it.Event = new({{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}})
+				if err := it.contract.UnpackLog(it.Event, it.event, log); err != nil {
+					it.fail = err
+					return false
+				}
+				it.Event.Raw = log
+				return true
+
+			case err := <-it.sub.Err():
+				it.done = true
+				it.fail = err
+				return it.Next()
+			}
+		}
+		// Error returns any retrieval or parsing error occurred during filtering.
+		func (it *{{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}}Iterator) Error() error {
+			return it.fail
+		}
+		// Close terminates the iteration process, releasing any pending underlying
+		// resources.
+		func (it *{{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}}Iterator) Close() error {
+			it.sub.Unsubscribe()
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		// {{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}} represents a {{.Normalized.Name}} event raised by the {{$contract.Type}} contract.
+		type {{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}} struct { {{range .Normalized.Inputs}}
+			{{capitalise .Name}} {{if .Indexed}}{{bindtopictype .Type}}{{else}}{{bindtype .Type}}{{end}}; {{end}}
+			Raw types.Log // Blockchain specific contextual infos
+		}
+
+		// Filter{{.Normalized.Name}} is a free log retrieval operation binding the contract event 0x{{printf "%x" .Original.Id}}.
+		//
+		// Solidity: {{.Original.String}}
+ 		func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}Filterer) Filter{{.Normalized.Name}}(opts *bind.FilterOpts{{range .Normalized.Inputs}}{{if .Indexed}}, {{.Name}} []{{bindtype .Type}}{{end}}{{end}}) (*{{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}}Iterator, error) {
+			{{range .Normalized.Inputs}}
+			{{if .Indexed}}var {{.Name}}Rule []interface{}
+			for _, {{.Name}}Item := range {{.Name}} {
+				{{.Name}}Rule = append({{.Name}}Rule, {{.Name}}Item)
+			}{{end}}{{end}}
+
+			logs, sub, err := _{{$contract.Type}}.contract.FilterLogs(opts, "{{.Original.Name}}"{{range .Normalized.Inputs}}{{if .Indexed}}, {{.Name}}Rule{{end}}{{end}})
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			return &{{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}}Iterator{contract: _{{$contract.Type}}.contract, event: "{{.Original.Name}}", logs: logs, sub: sub}, nil
+ 		}
+
+		// Watch{{.Normalized.Name}} is a free log subscription operation binding the contract event 0x{{printf "%x" .Original.Id}}.
+		//
+		// Solidity: {{.Original.String}}
+		func (_{{$contract.Type}} *{{$contract.Type}}Filterer) Watch{{.Normalized.Name}}(opts *bind.WatchOpts, sink chan<- *{{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}}{{range .Normalized.Inputs}}{{if .Indexed}}, {{.Name}} []{{bindtype .Type}}{{end}}{{end}}) (event.Subscription, error) {
+			{{range .Normalized.Inputs}}
+			{{if .Indexed}}var {{.Name}}Rule []interface{}
+			for _, {{.Name}}Item := range {{.Name}} {
+				{{.Name}}Rule = append({{.Name}}Rule, {{.Name}}Item)
+			}{{end}}{{end}}
+
+			logs, sub, err := _{{$contract.Type}}.contract.WatchLogs(opts, "{{.Original.Name}}"{{range .Normalized.Inputs}}{{if .Indexed}}, {{.Name}}Rule{{end}}{{end}})
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			return event.NewSubscription(func(quit <-chan struct{}) error {
+				defer sub.Unsubscribe()
+				for {
+					select {
+					case log := <-logs:
+						// New log arrived, parse the event and forward to the user
+						event := new({{$contract.Type}}{{.Normalized.Name}})
+						if err := _{{$contract.Type}}.contract.UnpackLog(event, "{{.Original.Name}}", log); err != nil {
+							return err
+						}
+						event.Raw = log
+
+						select {
+						case sink <- event:
+						case err := <-sub.Err():
+							return err
+						case <-quit:
+							return nil
+						}
+					case err := <-sub.Err():
+						return err
+					case <-quit:
+						return nil
+					}
+				}
+			}), nil
+		}
+ 	{{end}}
 {{end}}
 `
 

accounts/abi/bind/topics.go

@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+// Copyright 2018 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package bind
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"math/big"
+	"reflect"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+)
+
+// makeTopics converts a filter query argument list into a filter topic set.
+func makeTopics(query ...[]interface{}) ([][]common.Hash, error) {
+	topics := make([][]common.Hash, len(query))
+	for i, filter := range query {
+		for _, rule := range filter {
+			var topic common.Hash
+
+			// Try to generate the topic based on simple types
+			switch rule := rule.(type) {
+			case common.Hash:
+				copy(topic[:], rule[:])
+			case common.Address:
+				copy(topic[common.HashLength-common.AddressLength:], rule[:])
+			case *big.Int:
+				blob := rule.Bytes()
+				copy(topic[common.HashLength-len(blob):], blob)
+			case bool:
+				if rule {
+					topic[common.HashLength-1] = 1
+				}
+			case int8:
+				blob := big.NewInt(int64(rule)).Bytes()
+				copy(topic[common.HashLength-len(blob):], blob)
+			case int16:
+				blob := big.NewInt(int64(rule)).Bytes()
+				copy(topic[common.HashLength-len(blob):], blob)
+			case int32:
+				blob := big.NewInt(int64(rule)).Bytes()
+				copy(topic[common.HashLength-len(blob):], blob)
+			case int64:
+				blob := big.NewInt(rule).Bytes()
+				copy(topic[common.HashLength-len(blob):], blob)
+			case uint8:
+				blob := new(big.Int).SetUint64(uint64(rule)).Bytes()
+				copy(topic[common.HashLength-len(blob):], blob)
+			case uint16:
+				blob := new(big.Int).SetUint64(uint64(rule)).Bytes()
+				copy(topic[common.HashLength-len(blob):], blob)
+			case uint32:
+				blob := new(big.Int).SetUint64(uint64(rule)).Bytes()
+				copy(topic[common.HashLength-len(blob):], blob)
+			case uint64:
+				blob := new(big.Int).SetUint64(rule).Bytes()
+				copy(topic[common.HashLength-len(blob):], blob)
+			case string:
+				hash := crypto.Keccak256Hash([]byte(rule))
+				copy(topic[:], hash[:])
+			case []byte:
+				hash := crypto.Keccak256Hash(rule)
+				copy(topic[:], hash[:])
+
+			default:
+				// Attempt to generate the topic from funky types
+				val := reflect.ValueOf(rule)
+
+				switch {
+				case val.Kind() == reflect.Array && reflect.TypeOf(rule).Elem().Kind() == reflect.Uint8:
+					reflect.Copy(reflect.ValueOf(topic[common.HashLength-val.Len():]), val)
+
+				default:
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported indexed type: %T", rule)
+				}
+			}
+			topics[i] = append(topics[i], topic)
+		}
+	}
+	return topics, nil
+}
+
+// Big batch of reflect types for topic reconstruction.
+var (
+	reflectHash    = reflect.TypeOf(common.Hash{})
+	reflectAddress = reflect.TypeOf(common.Address{})
+	reflectBigInt  = reflect.TypeOf(new(big.Int))
+)
+
+// parseTopics converts the indexed topic fields into actual log field values.
+//
+// Note, dynamic types cannot be reconstructed since they get mapped to Keccak256
+// hashes as the topic value!
+func parseTopics(out interface{}, fields abi.Arguments, topics []common.Hash) error {
+	// Sanity check that the fields and topics match up
+	if len(fields) != len(topics) {
+		return errors.New("topic/field count mismatch")
+	}
+	// Iterate over all the fields and reconstruct them from topics
+	for _, arg := range fields {
+		if !arg.Indexed {
+			return errors.New("non-indexed field in topic reconstruction")
+		}
+		field := reflect.ValueOf(out).Elem().FieldByName(capitalise(arg.Name))
+
+		// Try to parse the topic back into the fields based on primitive types
+		switch field.Kind() {
+		case reflect.Bool:
+			if topics[0][common.HashLength-1] == 1 {
+				field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(true))
+			}
+		case reflect.Int8:
+			num := new(big.Int).SetBytes(topics[0][:])
+			field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(int8(num.Int64())))
+
+		case reflect.Int16:
+			num := new(big.Int).SetBytes(topics[0][:])
+			field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(int16(num.Int64())))
+
+		case reflect.Int32:
+			num := new(big.Int).SetBytes(topics[0][:])
+			field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(int32(num.Int64())))
+
+		case reflect.Int64:
+			num := new(big.Int).SetBytes(topics[0][:])
+			field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(num.Int64()))
+
+		case reflect.Uint8:
+			num := new(big.Int).SetBytes(topics[0][:])
+			field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(uint8(num.Uint64())))
+
+		case reflect.Uint16:
+			num := new(big.Int).SetBytes(topics[0][:])
+			field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(uint16(num.Uint64())))
+
+		case reflect.Uint32:
+			num := new(big.Int).SetBytes(topics[0][:])
+			field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(uint32(num.Uint64())))
+
+		case reflect.Uint64:
+			num := new(big.Int).SetBytes(topics[0][:])
+			field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(num.Uint64()))
+
+		default:
+			// Ran out of plain primitive types, try custom types
+			switch field.Type() {
+			case reflectHash: // Also covers all dynamic types
+				field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(topics[0]))
+
+			case reflectAddress:
+				var addr common.Address
+				copy(addr[:], topics[0][common.HashLength-common.AddressLength:])
+				field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(addr))
+
+			case reflectBigInt:
+				num := new(big.Int).SetBytes(topics[0][:])
+				field.Set(reflect.ValueOf(num))
+
+			default:
+				// Ran out of custom types, try the crazies
+				switch {
+				case arg.Type.T == abi.FixedBytesTy:
+					reflect.Copy(field, reflect.ValueOf(topics[0][common.HashLength-arg.Type.Size:]))
+
+				default:
+					return fmt.Errorf("unsupported indexed type: %v", arg.Type)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		topics = topics[1:]
+	}
+	return nil
+}

accounts/abi/bind/util_test.go

@@ -34,18 +34,18 @@ var testKey, _ = crypto.HexToECDSA("b71c71a67e1177ad4e901695e1b4b9ee17ae16c6668d
 
 var waitDeployedTests = map[string]struct {
 	code        string
-	gas         *big.Int
+	gas         uint64
 	wantAddress common.Address
 	wantErr     error
 }{
 	"successful deploy": {
 		code:        `6060604052600a8060106000396000f360606040526008565b00`,
-		gas:         big.NewInt(3000000),
+		gas:         3000000,
 		wantAddress: common.HexToAddress("0x3a220f351252089d385b29beca14e27f204c296a"),
 	},
 	"empty code": {
 		code:        ``,
-		gas:         big.NewInt(300000),
+		gas:         300000,
 		wantErr:     bind.ErrNoCodeAfterDeploy,
 		wantAddress: common.HexToAddress("0x3a220f351252089d385b29beca14e27f204c296a"),
 	},

accounts/abi/error.go

@@ -39,22 +39,23 @@ func formatSliceString(kind reflect.Kind, sliceSize int) string {
 // type in t.
 func sliceTypeCheck(t Type, val reflect.Value) error {
 	if val.Kind() != reflect.Slice && val.Kind() != reflect.Array {
-		return typeErr(formatSliceString(t.Kind, t.SliceSize), val.Type())
-	}
-	if t.IsArray && val.Len() != t.SliceSize {
-		return typeErr(formatSliceString(t.Elem.Kind, t.SliceSize), formatSliceString(val.Type().Elem().Kind(), val.Len()))
+		return typeErr(formatSliceString(t.Kind, t.Size), val.Type())
 	}
 
-	if t.Elem.IsSlice {
+	if t.T == ArrayTy && val.Len() != t.Size {
+		return typeErr(formatSliceString(t.Elem.Kind, t.Size), formatSliceString(val.Type().Elem().Kind(), val.Len()))
+	}
+
+	if t.Elem.T == SliceTy {
 		if val.Len() > 0 {
 			return sliceTypeCheck(*t.Elem, val.Index(0))
 		}
-	} else if t.Elem.IsArray {
+	} else if t.Elem.T == ArrayTy {
 		return sliceTypeCheck(*t.Elem, val.Index(0))
 	}
 
 	if elemKind := val.Type().Elem().Kind(); elemKind != t.Elem.Kind {
-		return typeErr(formatSliceString(t.Elem.Kind, t.SliceSize), val.Type())
+		return typeErr(formatSliceString(t.Elem.Kind, t.Size), val.Type())
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -62,20 +63,19 @@ func sliceTypeCheck(t Type, val reflect.Value) error {
 // typeCheck checks that the given reflection value can be assigned to the reflection
 // type in t.
 func typeCheck(t Type, value reflect.Value) error {
-	if t.IsSlice || t.IsArray {
+	if t.T == SliceTy || t.T == ArrayTy {
 		return sliceTypeCheck(t, value)
 	}
 
 	// Check base type validity. Element types will be checked later on.
 	if t.Kind != value.Kind() {
 		return typeErr(t.Kind, value.Kind())
+	} else if t.T == FixedBytesTy && t.Size != value.Len() {
+		return typeErr(t.Type, value.Type())
+	} else {
+		return nil
 	}
-	return nil
-}
 
-// varErr returns a formatted error.
-func varErr(expected, got reflect.Kind) error {
-	return typeErr(expected, got)
 }
 
 // typeErr returns a formatted type casting error.

accounts/abi/event.go

@@ -30,7 +30,18 @@ import (
 type Event struct {
 	Name      string
 	Anonymous bool
-	Inputs    []Argument
+	Inputs    Arguments
+}
+
+func (event Event) String() string {
+	inputs := make([]string, len(event.Inputs))
+	for i, input := range event.Inputs {
+		inputs[i] = fmt.Sprintf("%v %v", input.Name, input.Type)
+		if input.Indexed {
+			inputs[i] = fmt.Sprintf("%v indexed %v", input.Name, input.Type)
+		}
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("event %v(%v)", event.Name, strings.Join(inputs, ", "))
 }
 
 // Id returns the canonical representation of the event's signature used by the

accounts/abi/event_test.go

@@ -17,13 +17,53 @@
 package abi
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"math/big"
+	"reflect"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
+var jsonEventTransfer = []byte(`{
+  "anonymous": false,
+  "inputs": [
+    {
+      "indexed": true, "name": "from", "type": "address"
+    }, {
+      "indexed": true, "name": "to", "type": "address"
+    }, {
+      "indexed": false, "name": "value", "type": "uint256"
+  }],
+  "name": "Transfer",
+  "type": "event"
+}`)
+
+var jsonEventPledge = []byte(`{
+  "anonymous": false,
+  "inputs": [{
+      "indexed": false, "name": "who", "type": "address"
+    }, {
+      "indexed": false, "name": "wad", "type": "uint128"
+    }, {
+      "indexed": false, "name": "currency", "type": "bytes3"
+  }],
+  "name": "Pledge",
+  "type": "event"
+}`)
+
+// 1000000
+var transferData1 = "00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000f4240"
+
+// "0x00Ce0d46d924CC8437c806721496599FC3FFA268", 2218516807680, "usd"
+var pledgeData1 = "00000000000000000000000000ce0d46d924cc8437c806721496599fc3ffa2680000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020489e800007573640000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"
+
 func TestEventId(t *testing.T) {
 	var table = []struct {
 		definition   string
@@ -31,7 +71,7 @@ func TestEventId(t *testing.T) {
 	}{
 		{
 			definition: `[
-			{ "type" : "event", "name" : "balance", "inputs": [{ "name" : "in", "type": "uint" }] },
+			{ "type" : "event", "name" : "balance", "inputs": [{ "name" : "in", "type": "uint256" }] },
 			{ "type" : "event", "name" : "check", "inputs": [{ "name" : "t", "type": "address" }, { "name": "b", "type": "uint256" }] }
 			]`,
 			expectations: map[string]common.Hash{
@@ -54,3 +94,223 @@ func TestEventId(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+// TestEventMultiValueWithArrayUnpack verifies that array fields will be counted after parsing array.
+func TestEventMultiValueWithArrayUnpack(t *testing.T) {
+	definition := `[{"name": "test", "type": "event", "inputs": [{"indexed": false, "name":"value1", "type":"uint8[2]"},{"indexed": false, "name":"value2", "type":"uint8"}]}]`
+	type testStruct struct {
+		Value1 [2]uint8
+		Value2 uint8
+	}
+	abi, err := JSON(strings.NewReader(definition))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	var b bytes.Buffer
+	var i uint8 = 1
+	for ; i <= 3; i++ {
+		b.Write(packNum(reflect.ValueOf(i)))
+	}
+	var rst testStruct
+	require.NoError(t, abi.Unpack(&rst, "test", b.Bytes()))
+	require.Equal(t, [2]uint8{1, 2}, rst.Value1)
+	require.Equal(t, uint8(3), rst.Value2)
+}
+
+func TestEventTupleUnpack(t *testing.T) {
+
+	type EventTransfer struct {
+		Value *big.Int
+	}
+
+	type EventPledge struct {
+		Who      common.Address
+		Wad      *big.Int
+		Currency [3]byte
+	}
+
+	type BadEventPledge struct {
+		Who      string
+		Wad      int
+		Currency [3]byte
+	}
+
+	bigint := new(big.Int)
+	bigintExpected := big.NewInt(1000000)
+	bigintExpected2 := big.NewInt(2218516807680)
+	addr := common.HexToAddress("0x00Ce0d46d924CC8437c806721496599FC3FFA268")
+	var testCases = []struct {
+		data     string
+		dest     interface{}
+		expected interface{}
+		jsonLog  []byte
+		error    string
+		name     string
+	}{{
+		transferData1,
+		&EventTransfer{},
+		&EventTransfer{Value: bigintExpected},
+		jsonEventTransfer,
+		"",
+		"Can unpack ERC20 Transfer event into structure",
+	}, {
+		transferData1,
+		&[]interface{}{&bigint},
+		&[]interface{}{&bigintExpected},
+		jsonEventTransfer,
+		"",
+		"Can unpack ERC20 Transfer event into slice",
+	}, {
+		pledgeData1,
+		&EventPledge{},
+		&EventPledge{
+			addr,
+			bigintExpected2,
+			[3]byte{'u', 's', 'd'}},
+		jsonEventPledge,
+		"",
+		"Can unpack Pledge event into structure",
+	}, {
+		pledgeData1,
+		&[]interface{}{&common.Address{}, &bigint, &[3]byte{}},
+		&[]interface{}{
+			&addr,
+			&bigintExpected2,
+			&[3]byte{'u', 's', 'd'}},
+		jsonEventPledge,
+		"",
+		"Can unpack Pledge event into slice",
+	}, {
+		pledgeData1,
+		&[3]interface{}{&common.Address{}, &bigint, &[3]byte{}},
+		&[3]interface{}{
+			&addr,
+			&bigintExpected2,
+			&[3]byte{'u', 's', 'd'}},
+		jsonEventPledge,
+		"",
+		"Can unpack Pledge event into an array",
+	}, {
+		pledgeData1,
+		&[]interface{}{new(int), 0, 0},
+		&[]interface{}{},
+		jsonEventPledge,
+		"abi: cannot unmarshal common.Address in to int",
+		"Can not unpack Pledge event into slice with wrong types",
+	}, {
+		pledgeData1,
+		&BadEventPledge{},
+		&BadEventPledge{},
+		jsonEventPledge,
+		"abi: cannot unmarshal common.Address in to string",
+		"Can not unpack Pledge event into struct with wrong filed types",
+	}, {
+		pledgeData1,
+		&[]interface{}{common.Address{}, new(big.Int)},
+		&[]interface{}{},
+		jsonEventPledge,
+		"abi: insufficient number of elements in the list/array for unpack, want 3, got 2",
+		"Can not unpack Pledge event into too short slice",
+	}, {
+		pledgeData1,
+		new(map[string]interface{}),
+		&[]interface{}{},
+		jsonEventPledge,
+		"abi: cannot unmarshal tuple into map[string]interface {}",
+		"Can not unpack Pledge event into map",
+	}}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		assert := assert.New(t)
+		tc := tc
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			err := unpackTestEventData(tc.dest, tc.data, tc.jsonLog, assert)
+			if tc.error == "" {
+				assert.Nil(err, "Should be able to unpack event data.")
+				assert.Equal(tc.expected, tc.dest, tc.name)
+			} else {
+				assert.EqualError(err, tc.error)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func unpackTestEventData(dest interface{}, hexData string, jsonEvent []byte, assert *assert.Assertions) error {
+	data, err := hex.DecodeString(hexData)
+	assert.NoError(err, "Hex data should be a correct hex-string")
+	var e Event
+	assert.NoError(json.Unmarshal(jsonEvent, &e), "Should be able to unmarshal event ABI")
+	a := ABI{Events: map[string]Event{"e": e}}
+	return a.Unpack(dest, "e", data)
+}
+
+/*
+Taken from
+https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/pull/15568
+*/
+
+type testResult struct {
+	Values [2]*big.Int
+	Value1 *big.Int
+	Value2 *big.Int
+}
+
+type testCase struct {
+	definition string
+	want       testResult
+}
+
+func (tc testCase) encoded(intType, arrayType Type) []byte {
+	var b bytes.Buffer
+	if tc.want.Value1 != nil {
+		val, _ := intType.pack(reflect.ValueOf(tc.want.Value1))
+		b.Write(val)
+	}
+
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(tc.want.Values, [2]*big.Int{nil, nil}) {
+		val, _ := arrayType.pack(reflect.ValueOf(tc.want.Values))
+		b.Write(val)
+	}
+	if tc.want.Value2 != nil {
+		val, _ := intType.pack(reflect.ValueOf(tc.want.Value2))
+		b.Write(val)
+	}
+	return b.Bytes()
+}
+
+// TestEventUnpackIndexed verifies that indexed field will be skipped by event decoder.
+func TestEventUnpackIndexed(t *testing.T) {
+	definition := `[{"name": "test", "type": "event", "inputs": [{"indexed": true, "name":"value1", "type":"uint8"},{"indexed": false, "name":"value2", "type":"uint8"}]}]`
+	type testStruct struct {
+		Value1 uint8
+		Value2 uint8
+	}
+	abi, err := JSON(strings.NewReader(definition))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	var b bytes.Buffer
+	b.Write(packNum(reflect.ValueOf(uint8(8))))
+	var rst testStruct
+	require.NoError(t, abi.Unpack(&rst, "test", b.Bytes()))
+	require.Equal(t, uint8(0), rst.Value1)
+	require.Equal(t, uint8(8), rst.Value2)
+}
+
+// TestEventIndexedWithArrayUnpack verifies that decoder will not overlow when static array is indexed input.
+func TestEventIndexedWithArrayUnpack(t *testing.T) {
+	definition := `[{"name": "test", "type": "event", "inputs": [{"indexed": true, "name":"value1", "type":"uint8[2]"},{"indexed": false, "name":"value2", "type":"string"}]}]`
+	type testStruct struct {
+		Value1 [2]uint8
+		Value2 string
+	}
+	abi, err := JSON(strings.NewReader(definition))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	var b bytes.Buffer
+	stringOut := "abc"
+	// number of fields that will be encoded * 32
+	b.Write(packNum(reflect.ValueOf(32)))
+	b.Write(packNum(reflect.ValueOf(len(stringOut))))
+	b.Write(common.RightPadBytes([]byte(stringOut), 32))
+
+	var rst testStruct
+	require.NoError(t, abi.Unpack(&rst, "test", b.Bytes()))
+	require.Equal(t, [2]uint8{0, 0}, rst.Value1)
+	require.Equal(t, stringOut, rst.Value2)
+}

accounts/abi/method.go

@@ -18,13 +18,12 @@ package abi
 
 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"reflect"
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
 )
 
-// Callable method given a `Name` and whether the method is a constant.
+// Method represents a callable given a `Name` and whether the method is a constant.
 // If the method is `Const` no transaction needs to be created for this
 // particular Method call. It can easily be simulated using a local VM.
 // For example a `Balance()` method only needs to retrieve something
@@ -35,46 +34,8 @@ import (
 type Method struct {
 	Name    string
 	Const   bool
-	Inputs  []Argument
-	Outputs []Argument
-}
-
-func (method Method) pack(args ...interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
-	// Make sure arguments match up and pack them
-	if len(args) != len(method.Inputs) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("argument count mismatch: %d for %d", len(args), len(method.Inputs))
-	}
-	// variable input is the output appended at the end of packed
-	// output. This is used for strings and bytes types input.
-	var variableInput []byte
-
-	var ret []byte
-	for i, a := range args {
-		input := method.Inputs[i]
-		// pack the input
-		packed, err := input.Type.pack(reflect.ValueOf(a))
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("`%s` %v", method.Name, err)
-		}
-
-		// check for a slice type (string, bytes, slice)
-		if input.Type.requiresLengthPrefix() {
-			// calculate the offset
-			offset := len(method.Inputs)*32 + len(variableInput)
-			// set the offset
-			ret = append(ret, packNum(reflect.ValueOf(offset))...)
-			// Append the packed output to the variable input. The variable input
-			// will be appended at the end of the input.
-			variableInput = append(variableInput, packed...)
-		} else {
-			// append the packed value to the input
-			ret = append(ret, packed...)
-		}
-	}
-	// append the variable input at the end of the packed input
-	ret = append(ret, variableInput...)
-
-	return ret, nil
+	Inputs  Arguments
+	Outputs Arguments
 }
 
 // Sig returns the methods string signature according to the ABI spec.
@@ -84,35 +45,35 @@ func (method Method) pack(args ...interface{}) ([]byte, error) {
 //     function foo(uint32 a, int b)    =    "foo(uint32,int256)"
 //
 // Please note that "int" is substitute for its canonical representation "int256"
-func (m Method) Sig() string {
-	types := make([]string, len(m.Inputs))
+func (method Method) Sig() string {
+	types := make([]string, len(method.Inputs))
 	i := 0
-	for _, input := range m.Inputs {
+	for _, input := range method.Inputs {
 		types[i] = input.Type.String()
 		i++
 	}
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%v(%v)", m.Name, strings.Join(types, ","))
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%v(%v)", method.Name, strings.Join(types, ","))
 }
 
-func (m Method) String() string {
-	inputs := make([]string, len(m.Inputs))
-	for i, input := range m.Inputs {
+func (method Method) String() string {
+	inputs := make([]string, len(method.Inputs))
+	for i, input := range method.Inputs {
 		inputs[i] = fmt.Sprintf("%v %v", input.Name, input.Type)
 	}
-	outputs := make([]string, len(m.Outputs))
-	for i, output := range m.Outputs {
+	outputs := make([]string, len(method.Outputs))
+	for i, output := range method.Outputs {
 		if len(output.Name) > 0 {
 			outputs[i] = fmt.Sprintf("%v ", output.Name)
 		}
 		outputs[i] += output.Type.String()
 	}
 	constant := ""
-	if m.Const {
+	if method.Const {
 		constant = "constant "
 	}
-	return fmt.Sprintf("function %v(%v) %sreturns(%v)", m.Name, strings.Join(inputs, ", "), constant, strings.Join(outputs, ", "))
+	return fmt.Sprintf("function %v(%v) %sreturns(%v)", method.Name, strings.Join(inputs, ", "), constant, strings.Join(outputs, ", "))
 }
 
-func (m Method) Id() []byte {
-	return crypto.Keccak256([]byte(m.Sig()))[:4]
+func (method Method) Id() []byte {
+	return crypto.Keccak256([]byte(method.Sig()))[:4]
 }

accounts/abi/numbers.go

@@ -25,36 +25,23 @@ import (
 )
 
 var (
-	big_t     = reflect.TypeOf(big.Int{})
-	ubig_t    = reflect.TypeOf(big.Int{})
-	byte_t    = reflect.TypeOf(byte(0))
-	byte_ts   = reflect.TypeOf([]byte(nil))
-	uint_t    = reflect.TypeOf(uint(0))
-	uint8_t   = reflect.TypeOf(uint8(0))
-	uint16_t  = reflect.TypeOf(uint16(0))
-	uint32_t  = reflect.TypeOf(uint32(0))
-	uint64_t  = reflect.TypeOf(uint64(0))
-	int_t     = reflect.TypeOf(int(0))
-	int8_t    = reflect.TypeOf(int8(0))
-	int16_t   = reflect.TypeOf(int16(0))
-	int32_t   = reflect.TypeOf(int32(0))
-	int64_t   = reflect.TypeOf(int64(0))
-	hash_t    = reflect.TypeOf(common.Hash{})
-	address_t = reflect.TypeOf(common.Address{})
-
-	uint_ts   = reflect.TypeOf([]uint(nil))
-	uint8_ts  = reflect.TypeOf([]uint8(nil))
-	uint16_ts = reflect.TypeOf([]uint16(nil))
-	uint32_ts = reflect.TypeOf([]uint32(nil))
-	uint64_ts = reflect.TypeOf([]uint64(nil))
-	ubig_ts   = reflect.TypeOf([]*big.Int(nil))
-
-	int_ts   = reflect.TypeOf([]int(nil))
-	int8_ts  = reflect.TypeOf([]int8(nil))
-	int16_ts = reflect.TypeOf([]int16(nil))
-	int32_ts = reflect.TypeOf([]int32(nil))
-	int64_ts = reflect.TypeOf([]int64(nil))
-	big_ts   = reflect.TypeOf([]*big.Int(nil))
+	bigT      = reflect.TypeOf(&big.Int{})
+	derefbigT = reflect.TypeOf(big.Int{})
+	uint8T    = reflect.TypeOf(uint8(0))
+	uint16T   = reflect.TypeOf(uint16(0))
+	uint32T   = reflect.TypeOf(uint32(0))
+	uint64T   = reflect.TypeOf(uint64(0))
+	intT      = reflect.TypeOf(int(0))
+	int8T     = reflect.TypeOf(int8(0))
+	int16T    = reflect.TypeOf(int16(0))
+	int32T    = reflect.TypeOf(int32(0))
+	int64T    = reflect.TypeOf(int64(0))
+	addressT  = reflect.TypeOf(common.Address{})
+	intTS     = reflect.TypeOf([]int(nil))
+	int8TS    = reflect.TypeOf([]int8(nil))
+	int16TS   = reflect.TypeOf([]int16(nil))
+	int32TS   = reflect.TypeOf([]int32(nil))
+	int64TS   = reflect.TypeOf([]int64(nil))
 )
 
 // U256 converts a big Int into a 256bit EVM number.
@@ -65,7 +52,7 @@ func U256(n *big.Int) []byte {
 // checks whether the given reflect value is signed. This also works for slices with a number type
 func isSigned(v reflect.Value) bool {
 	switch v.Type() {
-	case int_ts, int8_ts, int16_ts, int32_ts, int64_ts, int_t, int8_t, int16_t, int32_t, int64_t:
+	case intTS, int8TS, int16TS, int32TS, int64TS, intT, int8T, int16T, int32T, int64T:
 		return true
 	}
 	return false

accounts/abi/pack.go

@@ -48,9 +48,8 @@ func packElement(t Type, reflectValue reflect.Value) []byte {
 	case BoolTy:
 		if reflectValue.Bool() {
 			return math.PaddedBigBytes(common.Big1, 32)
-		} else {
-			return math.PaddedBigBytes(common.Big0, 32)
 		}
+		return math.PaddedBigBytes(common.Big0, 32)
 	case BytesTy:
 		if reflectValue.Kind() == reflect.Array {
 			reflectValue = mustArrayToByteSlice(reflectValue)
@@ -61,8 +60,9 @@ func packElement(t Type, reflectValue reflect.Value) []byte {
 			reflectValue = mustArrayToByteSlice(reflectValue)
 		}
 		return common.RightPadBytes(reflectValue.Bytes(), 32)
+	default:
+		panic("abi: fatal error")
 	}
-	panic("abi: fatal error")
 }
 
 // packNum packs the given number (using the reflect value) and will cast it to appropriate number representation
@@ -74,6 +74,8 @@ func packNum(value reflect.Value) []byte {
 		return U256(big.NewInt(value.Int()))
 	case reflect.Ptr:
 		return U256(value.Interface().(*big.Int))
+	default:
+		panic("abi: fatal error")
 	}
-	return nil
+
 }

accounts/abi/pack_test.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// Copyright 2017 The go-ethereum Authors
 // This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
 //
 // The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -299,6 +299,11 @@ func TestPack(t *testing.T) {
 			[32]byte{1},
 			common.Hex2Bytes("0100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000"),
 		},
+		{
+			"uint32[2][3][4]",
+			[4][3][2]uint32{{{1, 2}, {3, 4}, {5, 6}}, {{7, 8}, {9, 10}, {11, 12}}, {{13, 14}, {15, 16}, {17, 18}}, {{19, 20}, {21, 22}, {23, 24}}},
+			common.Hex2Bytes("000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000020000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000003000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000050000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000006000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000700000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000080000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000009000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000a000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000b000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000c000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000d000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000e000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000f000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000012000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001300000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000140000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000015000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001600000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000170000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000018"),
+		},
 		{
 			"address[]",
 			[]common.Address{{1}, {2}},
@@ -322,12 +327,12 @@ func TestPack(t *testing.T) {
 	} {
 		typ, err := NewType(test.typ)
 		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal("unexpected parse error:", err)
+			t.Fatalf("%v failed. Unexpected parse error: %v", i, err)
 		}
 
 		output, err := typ.pack(reflect.ValueOf(test.input))
 		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal("unexpected pack error:", err)
+			t.Fatalf("%v failed. Unexpected pack error: %v", i, err)
 		}
 
 		if !bytes.Equal(output, test.output) {
@@ -435,7 +440,4 @@ func TestPackNumber(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Errorf("test %d: pack mismatch: have %x, want %x", i, packed, tt.packed)
 		}
 	}
-	if packed := packNum(reflect.ValueOf("string")); packed != nil {
-		t.Errorf("expected 'string' to pack to nil. got %x instead", packed)
-	}
 }

accounts/abi/reflect.go

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import (
 // indirect recursively dereferences the value until it either gets the value
 // or finds a big.Int
 func indirect(v reflect.Value) reflect.Value {
-	if v.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && v.Elem().Type() != big_t {
+	if v.Kind() == reflect.Ptr && v.Elem().Type() != derefbigT {
 		return indirect(v.Elem())
 	}
 	return v
@@ -36,26 +36,26 @@ func reflectIntKindAndType(unsigned bool, size int) (reflect.Kind, reflect.Type)
 	switch size {
 	case 8:
 		if unsigned {
-			return reflect.Uint8, uint8_t
+			return reflect.Uint8, uint8T
 		}
-		return reflect.Int8, int8_t
+		return reflect.Int8, int8T
 	case 16:
 		if unsigned {
-			return reflect.Uint16, uint16_t
+			return reflect.Uint16, uint16T
 		}
-		return reflect.Int16, int16_t
+		return reflect.Int16, int16T
 	case 32:
 		if unsigned {
-			return reflect.Uint32, uint32_t
+			return reflect.Uint32, uint32T
 		}
-		return reflect.Int32, int32_t
+		return reflect.Int32, int32T
 	case 64:
 		if unsigned {
-			return reflect.Uint64, uint64_t
+			return reflect.Uint64, uint64T
 		}
-		return reflect.Int64, int64_t
+		return reflect.Int64, int64T
 	}
-	return reflect.Ptr, big_t
+	return reflect.Ptr, bigT
 }
 
 // mustArrayToBytesSlice creates a new byte slice with the exact same size as value
@@ -73,15 +73,9 @@ func mustArrayToByteSlice(value reflect.Value) reflect.Value {
 func set(dst, src reflect.Value, output Argument) error {
 	dstType := dst.Type()
 	srcType := src.Type()
-
 	switch {
-	case dstType.AssignableTo(src.Type()):
+	case dstType.AssignableTo(srcType):
 		dst.Set(src)
-	case dstType.Kind() == reflect.Array && srcType.Kind() == reflect.Slice:
-		if dst.Len() < output.Type.SliceSize {
-			return fmt.Errorf("abi: cannot unmarshal src (len=%d) in to dst (len=%d)", output.Type.SliceSize, dst.Len())
-		}
-		reflect.Copy(dst, src)
 	case dstType.Kind() == reflect.Interface:
 		dst.Set(src)
 	case dstType.Kind() == reflect.Ptr:
@@ -91,3 +85,44 @@ func set(dst, src reflect.Value, output Argument) error {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+// requireAssignable assures that `dest` is a pointer and it's not an interface.
+func requireAssignable(dst, src reflect.Value) error {
+	if dst.Kind() != reflect.Ptr && dst.Kind() != reflect.Interface {
+		return fmt.Errorf("abi: cannot unmarshal %v into %v", src.Type(), dst.Type())
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// requireUnpackKind verifies preconditions for unpacking `args` into `kind`
+func requireUnpackKind(v reflect.Value, t reflect.Type, k reflect.Kind,
+	args Arguments) error {
+
+	switch k {
+	case reflect.Struct:
+	case reflect.Slice, reflect.Array:
+		if minLen := args.LengthNonIndexed(); v.Len() < minLen {
+			return fmt.Errorf("abi: insufficient number of elements in the list/array for unpack, want %d, got %d",
+				minLen, v.Len())
+		}
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("abi: cannot unmarshal tuple into %v", t)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// requireUniqueStructFieldNames makes sure field names don't collide
+func requireUniqueStructFieldNames(args Arguments) error {
+	exists := make(map[string]bool)
+	for _, arg := range args {
+		field := capitalise(arg.Name)
+		if field == "" {
+			return fmt.Errorf("abi: purely underscored output cannot unpack to struct")
+		}
+		if exists[field] {
+			return fmt.Errorf("abi: multiple outputs mapping to the same struct field '%s'", field)
+		}
+		exists[field] = true
+	}
+	return nil
+}

accounts/abi/type.go

@@ -21,14 +21,17 @@ import (
 	"reflect"
 	"regexp"
 	"strconv"
+	"strings"
 )
 
+// Type enumerator
 const (
 	IntTy byte = iota
 	UintTy
 	BoolTy
 	StringTy
 	SliceTy
+	ArrayTy
 	AddressTy
 	FixedBytesTy
 	BytesTy
@@ -39,9 +42,6 @@ const (
 
 // Type is the reflection of the supported argument type
 type Type struct {
-	IsSlice, IsArray bool
-	SliceSize        int
-
 	Elem *Type
 
 	Kind reflect.Kind
@@ -53,54 +53,57 @@ type Type struct {
 }
 
 var (
-	// fullTypeRegex parses the abi types
-	//
-	// Types can be in the format of:
-	//
-	// 	Input  = Type [ "[" [ Number ] "]" ] Name .
-	// 	Type   = [ "u" ] "int" [ Number ] [ x ] [ Number ].
-	//
-	// Examples:
-	//
-	//      string     int       uint       fixed
-	//      string32   int8      uint8      uint[]
-	//      address    int256    uint256    fixed128x128[2]
-	fullTypeRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`([a-zA-Z0-9]+)(\[([0-9]*)\])?`)
 	// typeRegex parses the abi sub types
 	typeRegex = regexp.MustCompile("([a-zA-Z]+)(([0-9]+)(x([0-9]+))?)?")
 )
 
 // NewType creates a new reflection type of abi type given in t.
 func NewType(t string) (typ Type, err error) {
-	res := fullTypeRegex.FindAllStringSubmatch(t, -1)[0]
-	// check if type is slice and parse type.
-	switch {
-	case res[3] != "":
-		// err is ignored. Already checked for number through the regexp
-		typ.SliceSize, _ = strconv.Atoi(res[3])
-		typ.IsArray = true
-	case res[2] != "":
-		typ.IsSlice, typ.SliceSize = true, -1
-	case res[0] == "":
-		return Type{}, fmt.Errorf("abi: type parse error: %s", t)
+	// check that array brackets are equal if they exist
+	if strings.Count(t, "[") != strings.Count(t, "]") {
+		return Type{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid arg type in abi")
 	}
-	if typ.IsArray || typ.IsSlice {
-		sliceType, err := NewType(res[1])
+
+	typ.stringKind = t
+
+	// if there are brackets, get ready to go into slice/array mode and
+	// recursively create the type
+	if strings.Count(t, "[") != 0 {
+		i := strings.LastIndex(t, "[")
+		// recursively embed the type
+		embeddedType, err := NewType(t[:i])
 		if err != nil {
 			return Type{}, err
 		}
-		typ.Elem = &sliceType
-		typ.stringKind = sliceType.stringKind + t[len(res[1]):]
-		// Although we know that this is an array, we cannot return
-		// as we don't know the type of the element, however, if it
-		// is still an array, then don't determine the type.
-		if typ.Elem.IsArray || typ.Elem.IsSlice {
-			return typ, nil
-		}
-	}
+		// grab the last cell and create a type from there
+		sliced := t[i:]
+		// grab the slice size with regexp
+		re := regexp.MustCompile("[0-9]+")
+		intz := re.FindAllString(sliced, -1)
 
+		if len(intz) == 0 {
+			// is a slice
+			typ.T = SliceTy
+			typ.Kind = reflect.Slice
+			typ.Elem = &embeddedType
+			typ.Type = reflect.SliceOf(embeddedType.Type)
+		} else if len(intz) == 1 {
+			// is a array
+			typ.T = ArrayTy
+			typ.Kind = reflect.Array
+			typ.Elem = &embeddedType
+			typ.Size, err = strconv.Atoi(intz[0])
+			if err != nil {
+				return Type{}, fmt.Errorf("abi: error parsing variable size: %v", err)
+			}
+			typ.Type = reflect.ArrayOf(typ.Size, embeddedType.Type)
+		} else {
+			return Type{}, fmt.Errorf("invalid formatting of array type")
+		}
+		return typ, err
+	}
 	// parse the type and size of the abi-type.
-	parsedType := typeRegex.FindAllStringSubmatch(res[1], -1)[0]
+	parsedType := typeRegex.FindAllStringSubmatch(t, -1)[0]
 	// varSize is the size of the variable
 	var varSize int
 	if len(parsedType[3]) > 0 {
@@ -109,22 +112,15 @@ func NewType(t string) (typ Type, err error) {
 		if err != nil {
 			return Type{}, fmt.Errorf("abi: error parsing variable size: %v", err)
 		}
+	} else {
+		if parsedType[0] == "uint" || parsedType[0] == "int" {
+			// this should fail because it means that there's something wrong with
+			// the abi type (the compiler should always format it to the size...always)
+			return Type{}, fmt.Errorf("unsupported arg type: %s", t)
+		}
 	}
 	// varType is the parsed abi type
-	varType := parsedType[1]
-	// substitute canonical integer
-	if varSize == 0 && (varType == "int" || varType == "uint") {
-		varSize = 256
-		t += "256"
-	}
-
-	// only set stringKind if not array or slice, as for those,
-	// the correct string type has been set
-	if !(typ.IsArray || typ.IsSlice) {
-		typ.stringKind = t
-	}
-
-	switch varType {
+	switch varType := parsedType[1]; varType {
 	case "int":
 		typ.Kind, typ.Type = reflectIntKindAndType(false, varSize)
 		typ.Size = varSize
@@ -136,33 +132,32 @@ func NewType(t string) (typ Type, err error) {
 	case "bool":
 		typ.Kind = reflect.Bool
 		typ.T = BoolTy
+		typ.Type = reflect.TypeOf(bool(false))
 	case "address":
 		typ.Kind = reflect.Array
-		typ.Type = address_t
+		typ.Type = addressT
 		typ.Size = 20
 		typ.T = AddressTy
 	case "string":
 		typ.Kind = reflect.String
-		typ.Size = -1
+		typ.Type = reflect.TypeOf("")
 		typ.T = StringTy
 	case "bytes":
-		sliceType, _ := NewType("uint8")
-		typ.Elem = &sliceType
 		if varSize == 0 {
-			typ.IsSlice = true
 			typ.T = BytesTy
-			typ.SliceSize = -1
+			typ.Kind = reflect.Slice
+			typ.Type = reflect.SliceOf(reflect.TypeOf(byte(0)))
 		} else {
-			typ.IsArray = true
 			typ.T = FixedBytesTy
-			typ.SliceSize = varSize
+			typ.Kind = reflect.Array
+			typ.Size = varSize
+			typ.Type = reflect.ArrayOf(varSize, reflect.TypeOf(byte(0)))
 		}
 	case "function":
-		sliceType, _ := NewType("uint8")
-		typ.Elem = &sliceType
-		typ.IsArray = true
+		typ.Kind = reflect.Array
 		typ.T = FunctionTy
-		typ.SliceSize = 24
+		typ.Size = 24
+		typ.Type = reflect.ArrayOf(24, reflect.TypeOf(byte(0)))
 	default:
 		return Type{}, fmt.Errorf("unsupported arg type: %s", t)
 	}
@@ -183,7 +178,7 @@ func (t Type) pack(v reflect.Value) ([]byte, error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	if (t.IsSlice || t.IsArray) && t.T != BytesTy && t.T != FixedBytesTy && t.T != FunctionTy {
+	if t.T == SliceTy || t.T == ArrayTy {
 		var packed []byte
 
 		for i := 0; i < v.Len(); i++ {
@@ -193,18 +188,17 @@ func (t Type) pack(v reflect.Value) ([]byte, error) {
 			}
 			packed = append(packed, val...)
 		}
-		if t.IsSlice {
+		if t.T == SliceTy {
 			return packBytesSlice(packed, v.Len()), nil
-		} else if t.IsArray {
+		} else if t.T == ArrayTy {
 			return packed, nil
 		}
 	}
-
 	return packElement(t, v), nil
 }
 
 // requireLengthPrefix returns whether the type requires any sort of length
 // prefixing.
 func (t Type) requiresLengthPrefix() bool {
-	return t.T != FixedBytesTy && (t.T == StringTy || t.T == BytesTy || t.IsSlice)
+	return t.T == StringTy || t.T == BytesTy || t.T == SliceTy
 }

accounts/abi/type_test.go

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"reflect"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/davecgh/go-spew/spew"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 )
 
@@ -34,51 +35,58 @@ func TestTypeRegexp(t *testing.T) {
 		blob string
 		kind Type
 	}{
-		{"bool", Type{Kind: reflect.Bool, T: BoolTy, stringKind: "bool"}},
-		{"bool[]", Type{IsSlice: true, SliceSize: -1, Kind: reflect.Bool, T: BoolTy, Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Bool, T: BoolTy, stringKind: "bool"}, stringKind: "bool[]"}},
-		{"bool[2]", Type{IsArray: true, SliceSize: 2, Kind: reflect.Bool, T: BoolTy, Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Bool, T: BoolTy, stringKind: "bool"}, stringKind: "bool[2]"}},
-		{"int8", Type{Kind: reflect.Int8, Type: int8_t, Size: 8, T: IntTy, stringKind: "int8"}},
-		{"int16", Type{Kind: reflect.Int16, Type: int16_t, Size: 16, T: IntTy, stringKind: "int16"}},
-		{"int32", Type{Kind: reflect.Int32, Type: int32_t, Size: 32, T: IntTy, stringKind: "int32"}},
-		{"int64", Type{Kind: reflect.Int64, Type: int64_t, Size: 64, T: IntTy, stringKind: "int64"}},
-		{"int256", Type{Kind: reflect.Ptr, Type: big_t, Size: 256, T: IntTy, stringKind: "int256"}},
-		{"int8[]", Type{IsSlice: true, SliceSize: -1, Kind: reflect.Int8, Type: int8_t, Size: 8, T: IntTy, Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Int8, Type: int8_t, Size: 8, T: IntTy, stringKind: "int8"}, stringKind: "int8[]"}},
-		{"int8[2]", Type{IsArray: true, SliceSize: 2, Kind: reflect.Int8, Type: int8_t, Size: 8, T: IntTy, Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Int8, Type: int8_t, Size: 8, T: IntTy, stringKind: "int8"}, stringKind: "int8[2]"}},
-		{"int16[]", Type{IsSlice: true, SliceSize: -1, Kind: reflect.Int16, Type: int16_t, Size: 16, T: IntTy, Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Int16, Type: int16_t, Size: 16, T: IntTy, stringKind: "int16"}, stringKind: "int16[]"}},
-		{"int16[2]", Type{IsArray: true, SliceSize: 2, Kind: reflect.Int16, Type: int16_t, Size: 16, T: IntTy, Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Int16, Type: int16_t, Size: 16, T: IntTy, stringKind: "int16"}, stringKind: "int16[2]"}},
-		{"int32[]", Type{IsSlice: true, SliceSize: -1, Kind: reflect.Int32, Type: int32_t, Size: 32, T: IntTy, Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Int32, Type: int32_t, Size: 32, T: IntTy, stringKind: "int32"}, stringKind: "int32[]"}},
-		{"int32[2]", Type{IsArray: true, SliceSize: 2, Kind: reflect.Int32, Type: int32_t, Size: 32, T: IntTy, Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Int32, Type: int32_t, Size: 32, T: IntTy, stringKind: "int32"}, stringKind: "int32[2]"}},
-		{"int64[]", Type{IsSlice: true, SliceSize: -1, Kind: reflect.Int64, Type: int64_t, Size: 64, T: IntTy, Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Int64, Type: int64_t, Size: 64, T: IntTy, stringKind: "int64"}, stringKind: "int64[]"}},
-		{"int64[2]", Type{IsArray: true, SliceSize: 2, Kind: reflect.Int64, Type: int64_t, Size: 64, T: IntTy, Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Int64, Type: int64_t, Size: 64, T: IntTy, stringKind: "int64"}, stringKind: "int64[2]"}},
-		{"int256[]", Type{IsSlice: true, SliceSize: -1, Kind: reflect.Ptr, Type: big_t, Size: 256, T: IntTy, Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Ptr, Type: big_t, Size: 256, T: IntTy, stringKind: "int256"}, stringKind: "int256[]"}},
-		{"int256[2]", Type{IsArray: true, SliceSize: 2, Kind: reflect.Ptr, Type: big_t, Size: 256, T: IntTy, Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Ptr, Type: big_t, Size: 256, T: IntTy, stringKind: "int256"}, stringKind: "int256[2]"}},
-		{"uint8", Type{Kind: reflect.Uint8, Type: uint8_t, Size: 8, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint8"}},
-		{"uint16", Type{Kind: reflect.Uint16, Type: uint16_t, Size: 16, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint16"}},
-		{"uint32", Type{Kind: reflect.Uint32, Type: uint32_t, Size: 32, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint32"}},
-		{"uint64", Type{Kind: reflect.Uint64, Type: uint64_t, Size: 64, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint64"}},
-		{"uint256", Type{Kind: reflect.Ptr, Type: big_t, Size: 256, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint256"}},
-		{"uint8[]", Type{IsSlice: true, SliceSize: -1, Kind: reflect.Uint8, Type: uint8_t, Size: 8, T: UintTy, Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Uint8, Type: uint8_t, Size: 8, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint8"}, stringKind: "uint8[]"}},
-		{"uint8[2]", Type{IsArray: true, SliceSize: 2, Kind: reflect.Uint8, Type: uint8_t, Size: 8, T: UintTy, Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Uint8, Type: uint8_t, Size: 8, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint8"}, stringKind: "uint8[2]"}},
-		{"uint16[]", Type{IsSlice: true, SliceSize: -1, Kind: reflect.Uint16, Type: uint16_t, Size: 16, T: UintTy, Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Uint16, Type: uint16_t, Size: 16, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint16"}, stringKind: "uint16[]"}},
-		{"uint16[2]", Type{IsArray: true, SliceSize: 2, Kind: reflect.Uint16, Type: uint16_t, Size: 16, T: UintTy, Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Uint16, Type: uint16_t, Size: 16, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint16"}, stringKind: "uint16[2]"}},
-		{"uint32[]", Type{IsSlice: true, SliceSize: -1, Kind: reflect.Uint32, Type: uint32_t, Size: 32, T: UintTy, Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Uint32, Type: uint32_t, Size: 32, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint32"}, stringKind: "uint32[]"}},
-		{"uint32[2]", Type{IsArray: true, SliceSize: 2, Kind: reflect.Uint32, Type: uint32_t, Size: 32, T: UintTy, Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Uint32, Type: uint32_t, Size: 32, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint32"}, stringKind: "uint32[2]"}},
-		{"uint64[]", Type{IsSlice: true, SliceSize: -1, Kind: reflect.Uint64, Type: uint64_t, Size: 64, T: UintTy, Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Uint64, Type: uint64_t, Size: 64, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint64"}, stringKind: "uint64[]"}},
-		{"uint64[2]", Type{IsArray: true, SliceSize: 2, Kind: reflect.Uint64, Type: uint64_t, Size: 64, T: UintTy, Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Uint64, Type: uint64_t, Size: 64, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint64"}, stringKind: "uint64[2]"}},
-		{"uint256[]", Type{IsSlice: true, SliceSize: -1, Kind: reflect.Ptr, Type: big_t, Size: 256, T: UintTy, Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Ptr, Type: big_t, Size: 256, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint256"}, stringKind: "uint256[]"}},
-		{"uint256[2]", Type{IsArray: true, SliceSize: 2, Kind: reflect.Ptr, Type: big_t, Size: 256, T: UintTy, Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Ptr, Type: big_t, Size: 256, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint256"}, stringKind: "uint256[2]"}},
-		{"bytes32", Type{IsArray: true, SliceSize: 32, Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Uint8, Type: uint8_t, Size: 8, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint8"}, T: FixedBytesTy, stringKind: "bytes32"}},
-		{"bytes[]", Type{IsSlice: true, SliceSize: -1, Elem: &Type{IsSlice: true, SliceSize: -1, Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Uint8, Type: uint8_t, Size: 8, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint8"}, T: BytesTy, stringKind: "bytes"}, stringKind: "bytes[]"}},
-		{"bytes[2]", Type{IsArray: true, SliceSize: 2, Elem: &Type{IsSlice: true, SliceSize: -1, Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Uint8, Type: uint8_t, Size: 8, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint8"}, T: BytesTy, stringKind: "bytes"}, stringKind: "bytes[2]"}},
-		{"bytes32[]", Type{IsSlice: true, SliceSize: -1, Elem: &Type{IsArray: true, SliceSize: 32, Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Uint8, Type: uint8_t, Size: 8, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint8"}, T: FixedBytesTy, stringKind: "bytes32"}, stringKind: "bytes32[]"}},
-		{"bytes32[2]", Type{IsArray: true, SliceSize: 2, Elem: &Type{IsArray: true, SliceSize: 32, Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Uint8, Type: uint8_t, Size: 8, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint8"}, T: FixedBytesTy, stringKind: "bytes32"}, stringKind: "bytes32[2]"}},
-		{"string", Type{Kind: reflect.String, Size: -1, T: StringTy, stringKind: "string"}},
-		{"string[]", Type{IsSlice: true, SliceSize: -1, Kind: reflect.String, T: StringTy, Size: -1, Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.String, T: StringTy, Size: -1, stringKind: "string"}, stringKind: "string[]"}},
-		{"string[2]", Type{IsArray: true, SliceSize: 2, Kind: reflect.String, T: StringTy, Size: -1, Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.String, T: StringTy, Size: -1, stringKind: "string"}, stringKind: "string[2]"}},
-		{"address", Type{Kind: reflect.Array, Type: address_t, Size: 20, T: AddressTy, stringKind: "address"}},
-		{"address[]", Type{IsSlice: true, SliceSize: -1, Kind: reflect.Array, Type: address_t, T: AddressTy, Size: 20, Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Array, Type: address_t, Size: 20, T: AddressTy, stringKind: "address"}, stringKind: "address[]"}},
-		{"address[2]", Type{IsArray: true, SliceSize: 2, Kind: reflect.Array, Type: address_t, T: AddressTy, Size: 20, Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Array, Type: address_t, Size: 20, T: AddressTy, stringKind: "address"}, stringKind: "address[2]"}},
-
+		{"bool", Type{Kind: reflect.Bool, T: BoolTy, Type: reflect.TypeOf(bool(false)), stringKind: "bool"}},
+		{"bool[]", Type{Kind: reflect.Slice, T: SliceTy, Type: reflect.TypeOf([]bool(nil)), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Bool, T: BoolTy, Type: reflect.TypeOf(bool(false)), stringKind: "bool"}, stringKind: "bool[]"}},
+		{"bool[2]", Type{Size: 2, Kind: reflect.Array, T: ArrayTy, Type: reflect.TypeOf([2]bool{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Bool, T: BoolTy, Type: reflect.TypeOf(bool(false)), stringKind: "bool"}, stringKind: "bool[2]"}},
+		{"bool[2][]", Type{Kind: reflect.Slice, T: SliceTy, Type: reflect.TypeOf([][2]bool{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Array, T: ArrayTy, Size: 2, Type: reflect.TypeOf([2]bool{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Bool, T: BoolTy, Type: reflect.TypeOf(bool(false)), stringKind: "bool"}, stringKind: "bool[2]"}, stringKind: "bool[2][]"}},
+		{"bool[][]", Type{Kind: reflect.Slice, T: SliceTy, Type: reflect.TypeOf([][]bool{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Slice, T: SliceTy, Type: reflect.TypeOf([]bool{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Bool, T: BoolTy, Type: reflect.TypeOf(bool(false)), stringKind: "bool"}, stringKind: "bool[]"}, stringKind: "bool[][]"}},
+		{"bool[][2]", Type{Kind: reflect.Array, T: ArrayTy, Size: 2, Type: reflect.TypeOf([2][]bool{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Slice, T: SliceTy, Type: reflect.TypeOf([]bool{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Bool, T: BoolTy, Type: reflect.TypeOf(bool(false)), stringKind: "bool"}, stringKind: "bool[]"}, stringKind: "bool[][2]"}},
+		{"bool[2][2]", Type{Kind: reflect.Array, T: ArrayTy, Size: 2, Type: reflect.TypeOf([2][2]bool{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Array, T: ArrayTy, Size: 2, Type: reflect.TypeOf([2]bool{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Bool, T: BoolTy, Type: reflect.TypeOf(bool(false)), stringKind: "bool"}, stringKind: "bool[2]"}, stringKind: "bool[2][2]"}},
+		{"bool[2][][2]", Type{Kind: reflect.Array, T: ArrayTy, Size: 2, Type: reflect.TypeOf([2][][2]bool{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Slice, T: SliceTy, Type: reflect.TypeOf([][2]bool{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Array, T: ArrayTy, Size: 2, Type: reflect.TypeOf([2]bool{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Bool, T: BoolTy, Type: reflect.TypeOf(bool(false)), stringKind: "bool"}, stringKind: "bool[2]"}, stringKind: "bool[2][]"}, stringKind: "bool[2][][2]"}},
+		{"bool[2][2][2]", Type{Kind: reflect.Array, T: ArrayTy, Size: 2, Type: reflect.TypeOf([2][2][2]bool{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Array, T: ArrayTy, Size: 2, Type: reflect.TypeOf([2][2]bool{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Array, T: ArrayTy, Size: 2, Type: reflect.TypeOf([2]bool{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Bool, T: BoolTy, Type: reflect.TypeOf(bool(false)), stringKind: "bool"}, stringKind: "bool[2]"}, stringKind: "bool[2][2]"}, stringKind: "bool[2][2][2]"}},
+		{"bool[][][]", Type{T: SliceTy, Kind: reflect.Slice, Type: reflect.TypeOf([][][]bool{}), Elem: &Type{T: SliceTy, Kind: reflect.Slice, Type: reflect.TypeOf([][]bool{}), Elem: &Type{T: SliceTy, Kind: reflect.Slice, Type: reflect.TypeOf([]bool{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Bool, T: BoolTy, Type: reflect.TypeOf(bool(false)), stringKind: "bool"}, stringKind: "bool[]"}, stringKind: "bool[][]"}, stringKind: "bool[][][]"}},
+		{"bool[][2][]", Type{T: SliceTy, Kind: reflect.Slice, Type: reflect.TypeOf([][2][]bool{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Array, T: ArrayTy, Size: 2, Type: reflect.TypeOf([2][]bool{}), Elem: &Type{T: SliceTy, Kind: reflect.Slice, Type: reflect.TypeOf([]bool{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Bool, T: BoolTy, Type: reflect.TypeOf(bool(false)), stringKind: "bool"}, stringKind: "bool[]"}, stringKind: "bool[][2]"}, stringKind: "bool[][2][]"}},
+		{"int8", Type{Kind: reflect.Int8, Type: int8T, Size: 8, T: IntTy, stringKind: "int8"}},
+		{"int16", Type{Kind: reflect.Int16, Type: int16T, Size: 16, T: IntTy, stringKind: "int16"}},
+		{"int32", Type{Kind: reflect.Int32, Type: int32T, Size: 32, T: IntTy, stringKind: "int32"}},
+		{"int64", Type{Kind: reflect.Int64, Type: int64T, Size: 64, T: IntTy, stringKind: "int64"}},
+		{"int256", Type{Kind: reflect.Ptr, Type: bigT, Size: 256, T: IntTy, stringKind: "int256"}},
+		{"int8[]", Type{Kind: reflect.Slice, T: SliceTy, Type: reflect.TypeOf([]int8{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Int8, Type: int8T, Size: 8, T: IntTy, stringKind: "int8"}, stringKind: "int8[]"}},
+		{"int8[2]", Type{Kind: reflect.Array, T: ArrayTy, Size: 2, Type: reflect.TypeOf([2]int8{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Int8, Type: int8T, Size: 8, T: IntTy, stringKind: "int8"}, stringKind: "int8[2]"}},
+		{"int16[]", Type{Kind: reflect.Slice, T: SliceTy, Type: reflect.TypeOf([]int16{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Int16, Type: int16T, Size: 16, T: IntTy, stringKind: "int16"}, stringKind: "int16[]"}},
+		{"int16[2]", Type{Size: 2, Kind: reflect.Array, T: ArrayTy, Type: reflect.TypeOf([2]int16{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Int16, Type: int16T, Size: 16, T: IntTy, stringKind: "int16"}, stringKind: "int16[2]"}},
+		{"int32[]", Type{Kind: reflect.Slice, T: SliceTy, Type: reflect.TypeOf([]int32{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Int32, Type: int32T, Size: 32, T: IntTy, stringKind: "int32"}, stringKind: "int32[]"}},
+		{"int32[2]", Type{Kind: reflect.Array, T: ArrayTy, Size: 2, Type: reflect.TypeOf([2]int32{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Int32, Type: int32T, Size: 32, T: IntTy, stringKind: "int32"}, stringKind: "int32[2]"}},
+		{"int64[]", Type{Kind: reflect.Slice, T: SliceTy, Type: reflect.TypeOf([]int64{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Int64, Type: int64T, Size: 64, T: IntTy, stringKind: "int64"}, stringKind: "int64[]"}},
+		{"int64[2]", Type{Kind: reflect.Array, T: ArrayTy, Size: 2, Type: reflect.TypeOf([2]int64{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Int64, Type: int64T, Size: 64, T: IntTy, stringKind: "int64"}, stringKind: "int64[2]"}},
+		{"int256[]", Type{Kind: reflect.Slice, T: SliceTy, Type: reflect.TypeOf([]*big.Int{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Ptr, Type: bigT, Size: 256, T: IntTy, stringKind: "int256"}, stringKind: "int256[]"}},
+		{"int256[2]", Type{Kind: reflect.Array, T: ArrayTy, Size: 2, Type: reflect.TypeOf([2]*big.Int{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Ptr, Type: bigT, Size: 256, T: IntTy, stringKind: "int256"}, stringKind: "int256[2]"}},
+		{"uint8", Type{Kind: reflect.Uint8, Type: uint8T, Size: 8, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint8"}},
+		{"uint16", Type{Kind: reflect.Uint16, Type: uint16T, Size: 16, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint16"}},
+		{"uint32", Type{Kind: reflect.Uint32, Type: uint32T, Size: 32, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint32"}},
+		{"uint64", Type{Kind: reflect.Uint64, Type: uint64T, Size: 64, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint64"}},
+		{"uint256", Type{Kind: reflect.Ptr, Type: bigT, Size: 256, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint256"}},
+		{"uint8[]", Type{Kind: reflect.Slice, T: SliceTy, Type: reflect.TypeOf([]uint8{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Uint8, Type: uint8T, Size: 8, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint8"}, stringKind: "uint8[]"}},
+		{"uint8[2]", Type{Kind: reflect.Array, T: ArrayTy, Size: 2, Type: reflect.TypeOf([2]uint8{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Uint8, Type: uint8T, Size: 8, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint8"}, stringKind: "uint8[2]"}},
+		{"uint16[]", Type{T: SliceTy, Kind: reflect.Slice, Type: reflect.TypeOf([]uint16{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Uint16, Type: uint16T, Size: 16, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint16"}, stringKind: "uint16[]"}},
+		{"uint16[2]", Type{Kind: reflect.Array, T: ArrayTy, Size: 2, Type: reflect.TypeOf([2]uint16{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Uint16, Type: uint16T, Size: 16, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint16"}, stringKind: "uint16[2]"}},
+		{"uint32[]", Type{T: SliceTy, Kind: reflect.Slice, Type: reflect.TypeOf([]uint32{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Uint32, Type: uint32T, Size: 32, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint32"}, stringKind: "uint32[]"}},
+		{"uint32[2]", Type{Kind: reflect.Array, T: ArrayTy, Size: 2, Type: reflect.TypeOf([2]uint32{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Uint32, Type: uint32T, Size: 32, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint32"}, stringKind: "uint32[2]"}},
+		{"uint64[]", Type{T: SliceTy, Kind: reflect.Slice, Type: reflect.TypeOf([]uint64{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Uint64, Type: uint64T, Size: 64, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint64"}, stringKind: "uint64[]"}},
+		{"uint64[2]", Type{Kind: reflect.Array, T: ArrayTy, Size: 2, Type: reflect.TypeOf([2]uint64{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Uint64, Type: uint64T, Size: 64, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint64"}, stringKind: "uint64[2]"}},
+		{"uint256[]", Type{T: SliceTy, Kind: reflect.Slice, Type: reflect.TypeOf([]*big.Int{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Ptr, Type: bigT, Size: 256, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint256"}, stringKind: "uint256[]"}},
+		{"uint256[2]", Type{Kind: reflect.Array, T: ArrayTy, Type: reflect.TypeOf([2]*big.Int{}), Size: 2, Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Ptr, Type: bigT, Size: 256, T: UintTy, stringKind: "uint256"}, stringKind: "uint256[2]"}},
+		{"bytes32", Type{Kind: reflect.Array, T: FixedBytesTy, Size: 32, Type: reflect.TypeOf([32]byte{}), stringKind: "bytes32"}},
+		{"bytes[]", Type{T: SliceTy, Kind: reflect.Slice, Type: reflect.TypeOf([][]byte{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Slice, Type: reflect.TypeOf([]byte{}), T: BytesTy, stringKind: "bytes"}, stringKind: "bytes[]"}},
+		{"bytes[2]", Type{Kind: reflect.Array, T: ArrayTy, Size: 2, Type: reflect.TypeOf([2][]byte{}), Elem: &Type{T: BytesTy, Type: reflect.TypeOf([]byte{}), Kind: reflect.Slice, stringKind: "bytes"}, stringKind: "bytes[2]"}},
+		{"bytes32[]", Type{T: SliceTy, Kind: reflect.Slice, Type: reflect.TypeOf([][32]byte{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Array, Type: reflect.TypeOf([32]byte{}), T: FixedBytesTy, Size: 32, stringKind: "bytes32"}, stringKind: "bytes32[]"}},
+		{"bytes32[2]", Type{Kind: reflect.Array, T: ArrayTy, Size: 2, Type: reflect.TypeOf([2][32]byte{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Array, T: FixedBytesTy, Size: 32, Type: reflect.TypeOf([32]byte{}), stringKind: "bytes32"}, stringKind: "bytes32[2]"}},
+		{"string", Type{Kind: reflect.String, T: StringTy, Type: reflect.TypeOf(""), stringKind: "string"}},
+		{"string[]", Type{T: SliceTy, Kind: reflect.Slice, Type: reflect.TypeOf([]string{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.String, Type: reflect.TypeOf(""), T: StringTy, stringKind: "string"}, stringKind: "string[]"}},
+		{"string[2]", Type{Kind: reflect.Array, T: ArrayTy, Size: 2, Type: reflect.TypeOf([2]string{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.String, T: StringTy, Type: reflect.TypeOf(""), stringKind: "string"}, stringKind: "string[2]"}},
+		{"address", Type{Kind: reflect.Array, Type: addressT, Size: 20, T: AddressTy, stringKind: "address"}},
+		{"address[]", Type{T: SliceTy, Kind: reflect.Slice, Type: reflect.TypeOf([]common.Address{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Array, Type: addressT, Size: 20, T: AddressTy, stringKind: "address"}, stringKind: "address[]"}},
+		{"address[2]", Type{Kind: reflect.Array, T: ArrayTy, Size: 2, Type: reflect.TypeOf([2]common.Address{}), Elem: &Type{Kind: reflect.Array, Type: addressT, Size: 20, T: AddressTy, stringKind: "address"}, stringKind: "address[2]"}},
 		// TODO when fixed types are implemented properly
 		// {"fixed", Type{}},
 		// {"fixed128x128", Type{}},
@@ -87,13 +95,14 @@ func TestTypeRegexp(t *testing.T) {
 		// {"fixed128x128[]", Type{}},
 		// {"fixed128x128[2]", Type{}},
 	}
-	for i, tt := range tests {
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
 		typ, err := NewType(tt.blob)
 		if err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("type %d: failed to parse type string: %v", i, err)
+			t.Errorf("type %q: failed to parse type string: %v", tt.blob, err)
 		}
 		if !reflect.DeepEqual(typ, tt.kind) {
-			t.Errorf("type %d: parsed type mismatch:\n  have %+v\n  want %+v", i, typeWithoutStringer(typ), typeWithoutStringer(tt.kind))
+			t.Errorf("type %q: parsed type mismatch:\nGOT %s\nWANT %s ", tt.blob, spew.Sdump(typeWithoutStringer(typ)), spew.Sdump(typeWithoutStringer(tt.kind)))
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -104,15 +113,90 @@ func TestTypeCheck(t *testing.T) {
 		input interface{}
 		err   string
 	}{
-		{"uint", big.NewInt(1), ""},
-		{"int", big.NewInt(1), ""},
-		{"uint30", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"uint", big.NewInt(1), "unsupported arg type: uint"},
+		{"int", big.NewInt(1), "unsupported arg type: int"},
+		{"uint256", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"uint256[][3][]", [][3][]*big.Int{{{}}}, ""},
+		{"uint256[][][3]", [3][][]*big.Int{{{}}}, ""},
+		{"uint256[3][][]", [][][3]*big.Int{{{}}}, ""},
+		{"uint256[3][3][3]", [3][3][3]*big.Int{{{}}}, ""},
+		{"uint8[][]", [][]uint8{}, ""},
+		{"int256", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"uint8", uint8(1), ""},
+		{"uint16", uint16(1), ""},
+		{"uint32", uint32(1), ""},
+		{"uint64", uint64(1), ""},
+		{"int8", int8(1), ""},
+		{"int16", int16(1), ""},
+		{"int32", int32(1), ""},
+		{"int64", int64(1), ""},
+		{"uint24", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"uint40", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"uint48", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"uint56", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"uint72", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"uint80", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"uint88", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"uint96", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"uint104", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"uint112", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"uint120", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"uint128", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"uint136", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"uint144", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"uint152", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"uint160", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"uint168", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"uint176", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"uint184", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"uint192", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"uint200", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"uint208", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"uint216", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"uint224", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"uint232", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"uint240", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"uint248", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"int24", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"int40", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"int48", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"int56", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"int72", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"int80", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"int88", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"int96", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"int104", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"int112", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"int120", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"int128", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"int136", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"int144", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"int152", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"int160", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"int168", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"int176", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"int184", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"int192", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"int200", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"int208", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"int216", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"int224", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"int232", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"int240", big.NewInt(1), ""},
+		{"int248", big.NewInt(1), ""},
 		{"uint30", uint8(1), "abi: cannot use uint8 as type ptr as argument"},
+		{"uint8", uint16(1), "abi: cannot use uint16 as type uint8 as argument"},
+		{"uint8", uint32(1), "abi: cannot use uint32 as type uint8 as argument"},
+		{"uint8", uint64(1), "abi: cannot use uint64 as type uint8 as argument"},
+		{"uint8", int8(1), "abi: cannot use int8 as type uint8 as argument"},
+		{"uint8", int16(1), "abi: cannot use int16 as type uint8 as argument"},
+		{"uint8", int32(1), "abi: cannot use int32 as type uint8 as argument"},
+		{"uint8", int64(1), "abi: cannot use int64 as type uint8 as argument"},
 		{"uint16", uint16(1), ""},
 		{"uint16", uint8(1), "abi: cannot use uint8 as type uint16 as argument"},
 		{"uint16[]", []uint16{1, 2, 3}, ""},
 		{"uint16[]", [3]uint16{1, 2, 3}, ""},
-		{"uint16[]", []uint32{1, 2, 3}, "abi: cannot use []uint32 as type []uint16 as argument"},
+		{"uint16[]", []uint32{1, 2, 3}, "abi: cannot use []uint32 as type [0]uint16 as argument"},
 		{"uint16[3]", [3]uint32{1, 2, 3}, "abi: cannot use [3]uint32 as type [3]uint16 as argument"},
 		{"uint16[3]", [4]uint16{1, 2, 3}, "abi: cannot use [4]uint16 as type [3]uint16 as argument"},
 		{"uint16[3]", []uint16{1, 2, 3}, ""},
@@ -122,20 +206,64 @@ func TestTypeCheck(t *testing.T) {
 		{"address[1]", [1]common.Address{{1}}, ""},
 		{"address[2]", [1]common.Address{{1}}, "abi: cannot use [1]array as type [2]array as argument"},
 		{"bytes32", [32]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes31", [31]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes30", [30]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes29", [29]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes28", [28]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes27", [27]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes26", [26]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes25", [25]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes24", [24]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes23", [23]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes22", [22]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes21", [21]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes20", [20]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes19", [19]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes18", [18]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes17", [17]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes16", [16]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes15", [15]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes14", [14]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes13", [13]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes12", [12]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes11", [11]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes10", [10]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes9", [9]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes8", [8]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes7", [7]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes6", [6]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes5", [5]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes4", [4]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes3", [3]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes2", [2]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes1", [1]byte{}, ""},
 		{"bytes32", [33]byte{}, "abi: cannot use [33]uint8 as type [32]uint8 as argument"},
 		{"bytes32", common.Hash{1}, ""},
-		{"bytes31", [31]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes31", common.Hash{1}, "abi: cannot use common.Hash as type [31]uint8 as argument"},
 		{"bytes31", [32]byte{}, "abi: cannot use [32]uint8 as type [31]uint8 as argument"},
 		{"bytes", []byte{0, 1}, ""},
-		{"bytes", [2]byte{0, 1}, ""},
-		{"bytes", common.Hash{1}, ""},
+		{"bytes", [2]byte{0, 1}, "abi: cannot use array as type slice as argument"},
+		{"bytes", common.Hash{1}, "abi: cannot use array as type slice as argument"},
 		{"string", "hello world", ""},
+		{"string", string(""), ""},
+		{"string", []byte{}, "abi: cannot use slice as type string as argument"},
 		{"bytes32[]", [][32]byte{{}}, ""},
 		{"function", [24]byte{}, ""},
+		{"bytes20", common.Address{}, ""},
+		{"address", [20]byte{}, ""},
+		{"address", common.Address{}, ""},
+		{"bytes32[]]", "", "invalid arg type in abi"},
+		{"invalidType", "", "unsupported arg type: invalidType"},
+		{"invalidSlice[]", "", "unsupported arg type: invalidSlice"},
 	} {
 		typ, err := NewType(test.typ)
-		if err != nil {
+		if err != nil && len(test.err) == 0 {
 			t.Fatal("unexpected parse error:", err)
+		} else if err != nil && len(test.err) != 0 {
+			if err.Error() != test.err {
+				t.Errorf("%d failed. Expected err: '%v' got err: '%v'", i, test.err, err)
+			}
+			continue
 		}
 
 		err = typeCheck(typ, reflect.ValueOf(test.input))

accounts/abi/unpack.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Copyright 2015 The go-ethereum Authors
+// Copyright 2017 The go-ethereum Authors
 // This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
 //
 // The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -25,122 +25,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 )
 
-// toGoSliceType parses the input and casts it to the proper slice defined by the ABI
-// argument in T.
-func toGoSlice(i int, t Argument, output []byte) (interface{}, error) {
-	index := i * 32
-	// The slice must, at very least be large enough for the index+32 which is exactly the size required
-	// for the [offset in output, size of offset].
-	if index+32 > len(output) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("abi: cannot marshal in to go slice: insufficient size output %d require %d", len(output), index+32)
-	}
-	elem := t.Type.Elem
-
-	// first we need to create a slice of the type
-	var refSlice reflect.Value
-	switch elem.T {
-	case IntTy, UintTy, BoolTy:
-		// create a new reference slice matching the element type
-		switch t.Type.Kind {
-		case reflect.Bool:
-			refSlice = reflect.ValueOf([]bool(nil))
-		case reflect.Uint8:
-			refSlice = reflect.ValueOf([]uint8(nil))
-		case reflect.Uint16:
-			refSlice = reflect.ValueOf([]uint16(nil))
-		case reflect.Uint32:
-			refSlice = reflect.ValueOf([]uint32(nil))
-		case reflect.Uint64:
-			refSlice = reflect.ValueOf([]uint64(nil))
-		case reflect.Int8:
-			refSlice = reflect.ValueOf([]int8(nil))
-		case reflect.Int16:
-			refSlice = reflect.ValueOf([]int16(nil))
-		case reflect.Int32:
-			refSlice = reflect.ValueOf([]int32(nil))
-		case reflect.Int64:
-			refSlice = reflect.ValueOf([]int64(nil))
-		default:
-			refSlice = reflect.ValueOf([]*big.Int(nil))
-		}
-	case AddressTy: // address must be of slice Address
-		refSlice = reflect.ValueOf([]common.Address(nil))
-	case HashTy: // hash must be of slice hash
-		refSlice = reflect.ValueOf([]common.Hash(nil))
-	case FixedBytesTy:
-		refSlice = reflect.ValueOf([][]byte(nil))
-	default: // no other types are supported
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("abi: unsupported slice type %v", elem.T)
-	}
-
-	var slice []byte
-	var size int
-	var offset int
-	if t.Type.IsSlice {
-		// get the offset which determines the start of this array ...
-		offset = int(binary.BigEndian.Uint64(output[index+24 : index+32]))
-		if offset+32 > len(output) {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("abi: cannot marshal in to go slice: offset %d would go over slice boundary (len=%d)", len(output), offset+32)
-		}
-
-		slice = output[offset:]
-		// ... starting with the size of the array in elements ...
-		size = int(binary.BigEndian.Uint64(slice[24:32]))
-		slice = slice[32:]
-		// ... and make sure that we've at the very least the amount of bytes
-		// available in the buffer.
-		if size*32 > len(slice) {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("abi: cannot marshal in to go slice: insufficient size output %d require %d", len(output), offset+32+size*32)
-		}
-
-		// reslice to match the required size
-		slice = slice[:size*32]
-	} else if t.Type.IsArray {
-		//get the number of elements in the array
-		size = t.Type.SliceSize
-
-		//check to make sure array size matches up
-		if index+32*size > len(output) {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("abi: cannot marshal in to go array: offset %d would go over slice boundary (len=%d)", len(output), index+32*size)
-		}
-		//slice is there for a fixed amount of times
-		slice = output[index : index+size*32]
-	}
-
-	for i := 0; i < size; i++ {
-		var (
-			inter        interface{}             // interface type
-			returnOutput = slice[i*32 : i*32+32] // the return output
-			err          error
-		)
-		// set inter to the correct type (cast)
-		switch elem.T {
-		case IntTy, UintTy:
-			inter = readInteger(t.Type.Kind, returnOutput)
-		case BoolTy:
-			inter, err = readBool(returnOutput)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-		case AddressTy:
-			inter = common.BytesToAddress(returnOutput)
-		case HashTy:
-			inter = common.BytesToHash(returnOutput)
-		case FixedBytesTy:
-			inter = returnOutput
-		}
-		// append the item to our reflect slice
-		refSlice = reflect.Append(refSlice, reflect.ValueOf(inter))
-	}
-
-	// return the interface
-	return refSlice.Interface(), nil
-}
-
+// reads the integer based on its kind
 func readInteger(kind reflect.Kind, b []byte) interface{} {
 	switch kind {
 	case reflect.Uint8:
-		return uint8(b[len(b)-1])
+		return b[len(b)-1]
 	case reflect.Uint16:
 		return binary.BigEndian.Uint16(b[len(b)-2:])
 	case reflect.Uint32:
@@ -160,13 +49,10 @@ func readInteger(kind reflect.Kind, b []byte) interface{} {
 	}
 }
 
+// reads a bool
 func readBool(word []byte) (bool, error) {
-	if len(word) != 32 {
-		return false, fmt.Errorf("abi: fatal error: incorrect word length")
-	}
-
-	for i, b := range word {
-		if b != 0 && i != 31 {
+	for _, b := range word[:31] {
+		if b != 0 {
 			return false, errBadBool
 		}
 	}
@@ -178,58 +64,167 @@ func readBool(word []byte) (bool, error) {
 	default:
 		return false, errBadBool
 	}
+}
+
+// A function type is simply the address with the function selection signature at the end.
+// This enforces that standard by always presenting it as a 24-array (address + sig = 24 bytes)
+func readFunctionType(t Type, word []byte) (funcTy [24]byte, err error) {
+	if t.T != FunctionTy {
+		return [24]byte{}, fmt.Errorf("abi: invalid type in call to make function type byte array")
+	}
+	if garbage := binary.BigEndian.Uint64(word[24:32]); garbage != 0 {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("abi: got improperly encoded function type, got %v", word)
+	} else {
+		copy(funcTy[:], word[0:24])
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// through reflection, creates a fixed array to be read from
+func readFixedBytes(t Type, word []byte) (interface{}, error) {
+	if t.T != FixedBytesTy {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("abi: invalid type in call to make fixed byte array")
+	}
+	// convert
+	array := reflect.New(t.Type).Elem()
+
+	reflect.Copy(array, reflect.ValueOf(word[0:t.Size]))
+	return array.Interface(), nil
 
 }
 
-// toGoType parses the input and casts it to the proper type defined by the ABI
-// argument in T.
-func toGoType(i int, t Argument, output []byte) (interface{}, error) {
-	// we need to treat slices differently
-	if (t.Type.IsSlice || t.Type.IsArray) && t.Type.T != BytesTy && t.Type.T != StringTy && t.Type.T != FixedBytesTy && t.Type.T != FunctionTy {
-		return toGoSlice(i, t, output)
+func getFullElemSize(elem *Type) int {
+	//all other should be counted as 32 (slices have pointers to respective elements)
+	size := 32
+	//arrays wrap it, each element being the same size
+	for elem.T == ArrayTy {
+		size *= elem.Size
+		elem = elem.Elem
+	}
+	return size
+}
+
+// iteratively unpack elements
+func forEachUnpack(t Type, output []byte, start, size int) (interface{}, error) {
+	if size < 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cannot marshal input to array, size is negative (%d)", size)
+	}
+	if start+32*size > len(output) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("abi: cannot marshal in to go array: offset %d would go over slice boundary (len=%d)", len(output), start+32*size)
 	}
 
-	index := i * 32
+	// this value will become our slice or our array, depending on the type
+	var refSlice reflect.Value
+
+	if t.T == SliceTy {
+		// declare our slice
+		refSlice = reflect.MakeSlice(t.Type, size, size)
+	} else if t.T == ArrayTy {
+		// declare our array
+		refSlice = reflect.New(t.Type).Elem()
+	} else {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("abi: invalid type in array/slice unpacking stage")
+	}
+
+	// Arrays have packed elements, resulting in longer unpack steps.
+	// Slices have just 32 bytes per element (pointing to the contents).
+	elemSize := 32
+	if t.T == ArrayTy {
+		elemSize = getFullElemSize(t.Elem)
+	}
+
+	for i, j := start, 0; j < size; i, j = i+elemSize, j+1 {
+
+		inter, err := toGoType(i, *t.Elem, output)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		// append the item to our reflect slice
+		refSlice.Index(j).Set(reflect.ValueOf(inter))
+	}
+
+	// return the interface
+	return refSlice.Interface(), nil
+}
+
+// toGoType parses the output bytes and recursively assigns the value of these bytes
+// into a go type with accordance with the ABI spec.
+func toGoType(index int, t Type, output []byte) (interface{}, error) {
 	if index+32 > len(output) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("abi: cannot marshal in to go type: length insufficient %d require %d", len(output), index+32)
 	}
 
-	// Parse the given index output and check whether we need to read
-	// a different offset and length based on the type (i.e. string, bytes)
-	var returnOutput []byte
-	switch t.Type.T {
-	case StringTy, BytesTy: // variable arrays are written at the end of the return bytes
-		// parse offset from which we should start reading
-		offset := int(binary.BigEndian.Uint64(output[index+24 : index+32]))
-		if offset+32 > len(output) {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("abi: cannot marshal in to go type: length insufficient %d require %d", len(output), offset+32)
-		}
-		// parse the size up until we should be reading
-		size := int(binary.BigEndian.Uint64(output[offset+24 : offset+32]))
-		if offset+32+size > len(output) {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("abi: cannot marshal in to go type: length insufficient %d require %d", len(output), offset+32+size)
-		}
+	var (
+		returnOutput []byte
+		begin, end   int
+		err          error
+	)
 
-		// get the bytes for this return value
-		returnOutput = output[offset+32 : offset+32+size]
-	default:
+	// if we require a length prefix, find the beginning word and size returned.
+	if t.requiresLengthPrefix() {
+		begin, end, err = lengthPrefixPointsTo(index, output)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	} else {
 		returnOutput = output[index : index+32]
 	}
 
-	// convert the bytes to whatever is specified by the ABI.
-	switch t.Type.T {
+	switch t.T {
+	case SliceTy:
+		return forEachUnpack(t, output, begin, end)
+	case ArrayTy:
+		return forEachUnpack(t, output, index, t.Size)
+	case StringTy: // variable arrays are written at the end of the return bytes
+		return string(output[begin : begin+end]), nil
 	case IntTy, UintTy:
-		return readInteger(t.Type.Kind, returnOutput), nil
+		return readInteger(t.Kind, returnOutput), nil
 	case BoolTy:
 		return readBool(returnOutput)
 	case AddressTy:
 		return common.BytesToAddress(returnOutput), nil
 	case HashTy:
 		return common.BytesToHash(returnOutput), nil
-	case BytesTy, FixedBytesTy, FunctionTy:
-		return returnOutput, nil
-	case StringTy:
-		return string(returnOutput), nil
+	case BytesTy:
+		return output[begin : begin+end], nil
+	case FixedBytesTy:
+		return readFixedBytes(t, returnOutput)
+	case FunctionTy:
+		return readFunctionType(t, returnOutput)
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("abi: unknown type %v", t.T)
 	}
-	return nil, fmt.Errorf("abi: unknown type %v", t.Type.T)
+}
+
+// interprets a 32 byte slice as an offset and then determines which indice to look to decode the type.
+func lengthPrefixPointsTo(index int, output []byte) (start int, length int, err error) {
+	bigOffsetEnd := big.NewInt(0).SetBytes(output[index : index+32])
+	bigOffsetEnd.Add(bigOffsetEnd, common.Big32)
+	outputLength := big.NewInt(int64(len(output)))
+
+	if bigOffsetEnd.Cmp(outputLength) > 0 {
+		return 0, 0, fmt.Errorf("abi: cannot marshal in to go slice: offset %v would go over slice boundary (len=%v)", bigOffsetEnd, outputLength)
+	}
+
+	if bigOffsetEnd.BitLen() > 63 {
+		return 0, 0, fmt.Errorf("abi offset larger than int64: %v", bigOffsetEnd)
+	}
+
+	offsetEnd := int(bigOffsetEnd.Uint64())
+	lengthBig := big.NewInt(0).SetBytes(output[offsetEnd-32 : offsetEnd])
+
+	totalSize := big.NewInt(0)
+	totalSize.Add(totalSize, bigOffsetEnd)
+	totalSize.Add(totalSize, lengthBig)
+	if totalSize.BitLen() > 63 {
+		return 0, 0, fmt.Errorf("abi length larger than int64: %v", totalSize)
+	}
+
+	if totalSize.Cmp(outputLength) > 0 {
+		return 0, 0, fmt.Errorf("abi: cannot marshal in to go type: length insufficient %v require %v", outputLength, totalSize)
+	}
+	start = int(bigOffsetEnd.Uint64())
+	length = int(lengthBig.Uint64())
+	return
 }

accounts/errors.go

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ func NewAuthNeededError(needed string) error {
 	}
 }
 
-// Error implements the standard error interfacel.
+// Error implements the standard error interface.
 func (err *AuthNeededError) Error() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("authentication needed: %s", err.Needed)
 }

accounts/keystore/account_cache.go

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ import (
 	"bufio"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"sort"
@@ -75,13 +74,6 @@ type accountCache struct {
 	fileC    fileCache
 }
 
-// fileCache is a cache of files seen during scan of keystore
-type fileCache struct {
-	all   *set.SetNonTS // list of all files
-	mtime time.Time     // latest mtime seen
-	mu    sync.RWMutex
-}
-
 func newAccountCache(keydir string) (*accountCache, chan struct{}) {
 	ac := &accountCache{
 		keydir: keydir,
@@ -236,66 +228,22 @@ func (ac *accountCache) close() {
 	ac.mu.Unlock()
 }
 
-// scanFiles performs a new scan on the given directory, compares against the already
-// cached filenames, and returns file sets: new, missing , modified
-func (fc *fileCache) scanFiles(keyDir string) (set.Interface, set.Interface, set.Interface, error) {
-	t0 := time.Now()
-	files, err := ioutil.ReadDir(keyDir)
-	t1 := time.Now()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, nil, err
-	}
-	fc.mu.RLock()
-	prevMtime := fc.mtime
-	fc.mu.RUnlock()
-
-	filesNow := set.NewNonTS()
-	moddedFiles := set.NewNonTS()
-	var newMtime time.Time
-	for _, fi := range files {
-		modTime := fi.ModTime()
-		path := filepath.Join(keyDir, fi.Name())
-		if skipKeyFile(fi) {
-			log.Trace("Ignoring file on account scan", "path", path)
-			continue
-		}
-		filesNow.Add(path)
-		if modTime.After(prevMtime) {
-			moddedFiles.Add(path)
-		}
-		if modTime.After(newMtime) {
-			newMtime = modTime
-		}
-	}
-	t2 := time.Now()
-
-	fc.mu.Lock()
-	// Missing = previous - current
-	missing := set.Difference(fc.all, filesNow)
-	// New = current - previous
-	newFiles := set.Difference(filesNow, fc.all)
-	// Modified = modified - new
-	modified := set.Difference(moddedFiles, newFiles)
-	fc.all = filesNow
-	fc.mtime = newMtime
-	fc.mu.Unlock()
-	t3 := time.Now()
-	log.Debug("FS scan times", "list", t1.Sub(t0), "set", t2.Sub(t1), "diff", t3.Sub(t2))
-	return newFiles, missing, modified, nil
-}
-
 // scanAccounts checks if any changes have occurred on the filesystem, and
 // updates the account cache accordingly
 func (ac *accountCache) scanAccounts() error {
-	newFiles, missingFiles, modified, err := ac.fileC.scanFiles(ac.keydir)
-	t1 := time.Now()
+	// Scan the entire folder metadata for file changes
+	creates, deletes, updates, err := ac.fileC.scan(ac.keydir)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Debug("Failed to reload keystore contents", "err", err)
 		return err
 	}
+	if creates.Size() == 0 && deletes.Size() == 0 && updates.Size() == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Create a helper method to scan the contents of the key files
 	var (
-		buf     = new(bufio.Reader)
-		keyJSON struct {
+		buf = new(bufio.Reader)
+		key struct {
 			Address string `json:"address"`
 		}
 	)
@@ -308,9 +256,9 @@ func (ac *accountCache) scanAccounts() error {
 		defer fd.Close()
 		buf.Reset(fd)
 		// Parse the address.
-		keyJSON.Address = ""
-		err = json.NewDecoder(buf).Decode(&keyJSON)
-		addr := common.HexToAddress(keyJSON.Address)
+		key.Address = ""
+		err = json.NewDecoder(buf).Decode(&key)
+		addr := common.HexToAddress(key.Address)
 		switch {
 		case err != nil:
 			log.Debug("Failed to decode keystore key", "path", path, "err", err)
@@ -321,47 +269,30 @@ func (ac *accountCache) scanAccounts() error {
 		}
 		return nil
 	}
+	// Process all the file diffs
+	start := time.Now()
 
-	for _, p := range newFiles.List() {
-		path, _ := p.(string)
-		a := readAccount(path)
-		if a != nil {
+	for _, p := range creates.List() {
+		if a := readAccount(p.(string)); a != nil {
 			ac.add(*a)
 		}
 	}
-	for _, p := range missingFiles.List() {
-		path, _ := p.(string)
-		ac.deleteByFile(path)
+	for _, p := range deletes.List() {
+		ac.deleteByFile(p.(string))
 	}
-
-	for _, p := range modified.List() {
-		path, _ := p.(string)
-		a := readAccount(path)
+	for _, p := range updates.List() {
+		path := p.(string)
 		ac.deleteByFile(path)
-		if a != nil {
+		if a := readAccount(path); a != nil {
 			ac.add(*a)
 		}
 	}
-
-	t2 := time.Now()
+	end := time.Now()
 
 	select {
 	case ac.notify <- struct{}{}:
 	default:
 	}
-	log.Trace("Handled keystore changes", "time", t2.Sub(t1))
-
+	log.Trace("Handled keystore changes", "time", end.Sub(start))
 	return nil
 }
-
-func skipKeyFile(fi os.FileInfo) bool {
-	// Skip editor backups and UNIX-style hidden files.
-	if strings.HasSuffix(fi.Name(), "~") || strings.HasPrefix(fi.Name(), ".") {
-		return true
-	}
-	// Skip misc special files, directories (yes, symlinks too).
-	if fi.IsDir() || fi.Mode()&os.ModeType != 0 {
-		return true
-	}
-	return false
-}

accounts/keystore/account_cache_test.go

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ func TestWatchNewFile(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// Ensure the watcher is started before adding any files.
 	ks.Accounts()
-	time.Sleep(200 * time.Millisecond)
+	time.Sleep(1000 * time.Millisecond)
 
 	// Move in the files.
 	wantAccounts := make([]accounts.Account, len(cachetestAccounts))
@@ -349,6 +349,9 @@ func TestUpdatedKeyfileContents(t *testing.T) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	// needed so that modTime of `file` is different to its current value after forceCopyFile
+	time.Sleep(1000 * time.Millisecond)
+
 	// Now replace file contents
 	if err := forceCopyFile(file, cachetestAccounts[1].URL.Path); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
@@ -362,6 +365,9 @@ func TestUpdatedKeyfileContents(t *testing.T) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	// needed so that modTime of `file` is different to its current value after forceCopyFile
+	time.Sleep(1000 * time.Millisecond)
+
 	// Now replace file contents again
 	if err := forceCopyFile(file, cachetestAccounts[2].URL.Path); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
@@ -374,6 +380,10 @@ func TestUpdatedKeyfileContents(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Error(err)
 		return
 	}
+
+	// needed so that modTime of `file` is different to its current value after ioutil.WriteFile
+	time.Sleep(1000 * time.Millisecond)
+
 	// Now replace file contents with crap
 	if err := ioutil.WriteFile(file, []byte("foo"), 0644); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)

accounts/keystore/file_cache.go

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+// Copyright 2017 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package keystore
+
+import (
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
+	set "gopkg.in/fatih/set.v0"
+)
+
+// fileCache is a cache of files seen during scan of keystore.
+type fileCache struct {
+	all     *set.SetNonTS // Set of all files from the keystore folder
+	lastMod time.Time     // Last time instance when a file was modified
+	mu      sync.RWMutex
+}
+
+// scan performs a new scan on the given directory, compares against the already
+// cached filenames, and returns file sets: creates, deletes, updates.
+func (fc *fileCache) scan(keyDir string) (set.Interface, set.Interface, set.Interface, error) {
+	t0 := time.Now()
+
+	// List all the failes from the keystore folder
+	files, err := ioutil.ReadDir(keyDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, nil, nil, err
+	}
+	t1 := time.Now()
+
+	fc.mu.Lock()
+	defer fc.mu.Unlock()
+
+	// Iterate all the files and gather their metadata
+	all := set.NewNonTS()
+	mods := set.NewNonTS()
+
+	var newLastMod time.Time
+	for _, fi := range files {
+		// Skip any non-key files from the folder
+		path := filepath.Join(keyDir, fi.Name())
+		if skipKeyFile(fi) {
+			log.Trace("Ignoring file on account scan", "path", path)
+			continue
+		}
+		// Gather the set of all and fresly modified files
+		all.Add(path)
+
+		modified := fi.ModTime()
+		if modified.After(fc.lastMod) {
+			mods.Add(path)
+		}
+		if modified.After(newLastMod) {
+			newLastMod = modified
+		}
+	}
+	t2 := time.Now()
+
+	// Update the tracked files and return the three sets
+	deletes := set.Difference(fc.all, all)   // Deletes = previous - current
+	creates := set.Difference(all, fc.all)   // Creates = current - previous
+	updates := set.Difference(mods, creates) // Updates = modified - creates
+
+	fc.all, fc.lastMod = all, newLastMod
+	t3 := time.Now()
+
+	// Report on the scanning stats and return
+	log.Debug("FS scan times", "list", t1.Sub(t0), "set", t2.Sub(t1), "diff", t3.Sub(t2))
+	return creates, deletes, updates, nil
+}
+
+// skipKeyFile ignores editor backups, hidden files and folders/symlinks.
+func skipKeyFile(fi os.FileInfo) bool {
+	// Skip editor backups and UNIX-style hidden files.
+	if strings.HasSuffix(fi.Name(), "~") || strings.HasPrefix(fi.Name(), ".") {
+		return true
+	}
+	// Skip misc special files, directories (yes, symlinks too).
+	if fi.IsDir() || fi.Mode()&os.ModeType != 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}

accounts/keystore/keystore_passphrase.go

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ package keystore
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"crypto/aes"
+	crand "crypto/rand"
 	"crypto/sha256"
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"encoding/json"
@@ -90,6 +91,12 @@ func (ks keyStorePassphrase) GetKey(addr common.Address, filename, auth string)
 	return key, nil
 }
 
+// StoreKey generates a key, encrypts with 'auth' and stores in the given directory
+func StoreKey(dir, auth string, scryptN, scryptP int) (common.Address, error) {
+	_, a, err := storeNewKey(&keyStorePassphrase{dir, scryptN, scryptP}, crand.Reader, auth)
+	return a.Address, err
+}
+
 func (ks keyStorePassphrase) StoreKey(filename string, key *Key, auth string) error {
 	keyjson, err := EncryptKey(key, auth, ks.scryptN, ks.scryptP)
 	if err != nil {

accounts/keystore/presale.go

@@ -58,6 +58,9 @@ func decryptPreSaleKey(fileContent []byte, password string) (key *Key, err error
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.New("invalid hex in encSeed")
 	}
+	if len(encSeedBytes) < 16 {
+		return nil, errors.New("invalid encSeed, too short")
+	}
 	iv := encSeedBytes[:16]
 	cipherText := encSeedBytes[16:]
 	/*

accounts/keystore/watch.go

@@ -81,10 +81,14 @@ func (w *watcher) loop() {
 	// When an event occurs, the reload call is delayed a bit so that
 	// multiple events arriving quickly only cause a single reload.
 	var (
-		debounce         = time.NewTimer(0)
 		debounceDuration = 500 * time.Millisecond
 		rescanTriggered  = false
+		debounce         = time.NewTimer(0)
 	)
+	// Ignore initial trigger
+	if !debounce.Stop() {
+		<-debounce.C
+	}
 	defer debounce.Stop()
 	for {
 		select {

accounts/manager.go

@@ -41,6 +41,11 @@ type Manager struct {
 // NewManager creates a generic account manager to sign transaction via various
 // supported backends.
 func NewManager(backends ...Backend) *Manager {
+	// Retrieve the initial list of wallets from the backends and sort by URL
+	var wallets []Wallet
+	for _, backend := range backends {
+		wallets = merge(wallets, backend.Wallets()...)
+	}
 	// Subscribe to wallet notifications from all backends
 	updates := make(chan WalletEvent, 4*len(backends))
 
@@ -48,11 +53,6 @@ func NewManager(backends ...Backend) *Manager {
 	for i, backend := range backends {
 		subs[i] = backend.Subscribe(updates)
 	}
-	// Retrieve the initial list of wallets from the backends and sort by URL
-	var wallets []Wallet
-	for _, backend := range backends {
-		wallets = merge(wallets, backend.Wallets()...)
-	}
 	// Assemble the account manager and return
 	am := &Manager{
 		backends: make(map[reflect.Type][]Backend),

accounts/url.go

@@ -74,6 +74,22 @@ func (u URL) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 	return json.Marshal(u.String())
 }
 
+// UnmarshalJSON parses url.
+func (u *URL) UnmarshalJSON(input []byte) error {
+	var textUrl string
+	err := json.Unmarshal(input, &textUrl)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	url, err := parseURL(textUrl)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	u.Scheme = url.Scheme
+	u.Path = url.Path
+	return nil
+}
+
 // Cmp compares x and y and returns:
 //
 //   -1 if x <  y

accounts/usbwallet/hub.go

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ func (hub *Hub) refreshWallets() {
 		// breaking the Ledger protocol if that is waiting for user confirmation. This
 		// is a bug acknowledged at Ledger, but it won't be fixed on old devices so we
 		// need to prevent concurrent comms ourselves. The more elegant solution would
-		// be to ditch enumeration in favor of hutplug events, but that don't work yet
+		// be to ditch enumeration in favor of hotplug events, but that don't work yet
 		// on Windows so if we need to hack it anyway, this is more elegant for now.
 		hub.commsLock.Lock()
 		if hub.commsPend > 0 { // A confirmation is pending, don't refresh

accounts/usbwallet/internal/trezor/messages.proto

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 //   https://github.com/trezor/trezor-common/blob/master/protob/messages.proto
 // dated 28.07.2017, commit dd8ec3231fb5f7992360aff9bdfe30bb58130f4b.
 
+syntax = "proto2";
+
 /**
  * Messages for TREZOR communication
  */

accounts/usbwallet/internal/trezor/trezor.go

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 // wallets. The wire protocol spec can be found on the SatoshiLabs website:
 // https://doc.satoshilabs.com/trezor-tech/api-protobuf.html
 
-//go:generate protoc --go_out=Mgoogle/protobuf/descriptor.proto=github.com/golang/protobuf/protoc-gen-go/descriptor,import_path=trezor:. types.proto messages.proto
+//go:generate protoc --go_out=import_path=trezor:. types.proto messages.proto
 
 // Package trezor contains the wire protocol wrapper in Go.
 package trezor

accounts/usbwallet/internal/trezor/types.proto

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 //   https://github.com/trezor/trezor-common/blob/master/protob/types.proto
 // dated 28.07.2017, commit dd8ec3231fb5f7992360aff9bdfe30bb58130f4b.
 
+syntax = "proto2";
+
 /**
  * Types for TREZOR communication
  *

accounts/usbwallet/ledger.go

@@ -53,11 +53,9 @@ const (
 	ledgerOpGetConfiguration ledgerOpcode = 0x06 // Returns specific wallet application configuration
 
 	ledgerP1DirectlyFetchAddress    ledgerParam1 = 0x00 // Return address directly from the wallet
-	ledgerP1ConfirmFetchAddress     ledgerParam1 = 0x01 // Require a user confirmation before returning the address
 	ledgerP1InitTransactionData     ledgerParam1 = 0x00 // First transaction data block for signing
 	ledgerP1ContTransactionData     ledgerParam1 = 0x80 // Subsequent transaction data block for signing
 	ledgerP2DiscardAddressChainCode ledgerParam2 = 0x00 // Do not return the chain code along with the address
-	ledgerP2ReturnAddressChainCode  ledgerParam2 = 0x01 // Require a user confirmation before returning the address
 )
 
 // errLedgerReplyInvalidHeader is the error message returned by a Ledger data exchange

accounts/usbwallet/trezor.go

@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ func (w *trezorDriver) trezorSign(derivationPath []uint32, tx *types.Transaction
 		AddressN:   derivationPath,
 		Nonce:      new(big.Int).SetUint64(tx.Nonce()).Bytes(),
 		GasPrice:   tx.GasPrice().Bytes(),
-		GasLimit:   tx.Gas().Bytes(),
+		GasLimit:   new(big.Int).SetUint64(tx.Gas()).Bytes(),
 		Value:      tx.Value().Bytes(),
 		DataLength: &length,
 	}

accounts/usbwallet/wallet.go

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ type wallet struct {
 	//
 	// As such, a hardware wallet needs two locks to function correctly. A state
 	// lock can be used to protect the wallet's software-side internal state, which
-	// must not be held exlusively during hardware communication. A communication
+	// must not be held exclusively during hardware communication. A communication
 	// lock can be used to achieve exclusive access to the device itself, this one
 	// however should allow "skipping" waiting for operations that might want to
 	// use the device, but can live without too (e.g. account self-derivation).

appveyor.yml

@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ environment:
 install:
   - git submodule update --init
   - rmdir C:\go /s /q
-  - appveyor DownloadFile https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.9.windows-%GETH_ARCH%.zip
-  - 7z x go1.9.windows-%GETH_ARCH%.zip -y -oC:\ > NUL
+  - appveyor DownloadFile https://storage.googleapis.com/golang/go1.10.1.windows-%GETH_ARCH%.zip
+  - 7z x go1.10.1.windows-%GETH_ARCH%.zip -y -oC:\ > NUL
   - go version
   - gcc --version
 

bmt/bmt.go

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ type Hasher struct {
 	blocksize   int         // segment size (size of hash) also for hash.Hash
 	count       int         // segment count
 	size        int         // for hash.Hash same as hashsize
-	cur         int         // cursor position for righmost currently open chunk
+	cur         int         // cursor position for rightmost currently open chunk
 	segment     []byte      // the rightmost open segment (not complete)
 	depth       int         // index of last level
 	result      chan []byte // result channel
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ func NewTreePool(hasher BaseHasher, segmentCount, capacity int) *TreePool {
 	}
 }
 
-// Drain drains the pool uptil it has no more than n resources
+// Drain drains the pool until it has no more than n resources
 func (self *TreePool) Drain(n int) {
 	self.lock.Lock()
 	defer self.lock.Unlock()
@@ -260,8 +260,7 @@ func NewTree(hasher BaseHasher, segmentSize, segmentCount int) *Tree {
 	for d := 1; d <= depth(segmentCount); d++ {
 		nodes := make([]*Node, count)
 		for i := 0; i < len(nodes); i++ {
-			var parent *Node
-			parent = prevlevel[i/2]
+			parent := prevlevel[i/2]
 			t := NewNode(level, i, parent)
 			nodes[i] = t
 		}
@@ -413,11 +412,10 @@ func (self *Hasher) Reset() {
 
 // ResetWithLength needs to be called before writing to the hasher
 // the argument is supposed to be the byte slice binary representation of
-// the legth of the data subsumed under the hash
+// the length of the data subsumed under the hash
 func (self *Hasher) ResetWithLength(l []byte) {
 	self.Reset()
 	self.blockLength = l
-
 }
 
 // Release gives back the Tree to the pool whereby it unlocks
@@ -532,7 +530,7 @@ func (self *Hasher) finalise(n *Node, i int) (d int) {
 	for {
 		// when the final segment's path is going via left segments
 		// the incoming data is pushed to the parent upon pulling the left
-		// we do not need toogle the state since this condition is
+		// we do not need toggle the state since this condition is
 		// detectable
 		n.unbalanced = isLeft
 		n.right = nil

build/ci-notes.md

@@ -2,12 +2,7 @@
 
 Tagged releases and develop branch commits are available as installable Debian packages
 for Ubuntu. Packages are built for the all Ubuntu versions which are supported by
-Canonical:
-
-- Trusty Tahr (14.04 LTS)
-- Xenial Xerus (16.04 LTS)
-- Yakkety Yak (16.10)
-- Zesty Zapus (17.04)
+Canonical.
 
 Packages of develop branch commits have suffix -unstable and cannot be installed alongside
 the stable version. Switching between release streams requires user intervention.
@@ -21,18 +16,18 @@ variable which Travis CI makes available to certain builds.
 We want to build go-ethereum with the most recent version of Go, irrespective of the Go
 version that is available in the main Ubuntu repository. In order to make this possible,
 our PPA depends on the ~gophers/ubuntu/archive PPA. Our source package build-depends on
-golang-1.9, which is co-installable alongside the regular golang package. PPA dependencies
+golang-1.10, which is co-installable alongside the regular golang package. PPA dependencies
 can be edited at https://launchpad.net/%7Eethereum/+archive/ubuntu/ethereum/+edit-dependencies
 
 ## Building Packages Locally (for testing)
 
 You need to run Ubuntu to do test packaging.
 
-Add the gophers PPA and install Go 1.9 and Debian packaging tools:
+Add the gophers PPA and install Go 1.10 and Debian packaging tools:
 
     $ sudo apt-add-repository ppa:gophers/ubuntu/archive
     $ sudo apt-get update
-    $ sudo apt-get install build-essential golang-1.9 devscripts debhelper
+    $ sudo apt-get install build-essential golang-1.10 devscripts debhelper
 
 Create the source packages:
 

build/ci.go

@@ -19,12 +19,13 @@
 /*
 The ci command is called from Continuous Integration scripts.
 
-Usage: go run ci.go <command> <command flags/arguments>
+Usage: go run build/ci.go <command> <command flags/arguments>
 
 Available commands are:
 
-   install    [ -arch architecture ] [ packages... ]                                           -- builds packages and executables
-   test       [ -coverage ] [ -misspell ] [ packages... ]                                      -- runs the tests
+   install    [ -arch architecture ] [ -cc compiler ] [ packages... ]                          -- builds packages and executables
+   test       [ -coverage ] [ packages... ]                                                    -- runs the tests
+   lint                                                                                        -- runs certain pre-selected linters
    archive    [ -arch architecture ] [ -type zip|tar ] [ -signer key-envvar ] [ -upload dest ] -- archives build artefacts
    importkeys                                                                                  -- imports signing keys from env
    debsrc     [ -signer key-id ] [ -upload dest ]                                              -- creates a debian source package
@@ -120,7 +121,8 @@ var (
 	// Note: vivid is unsupported because there is no golang-1.6 package for it.
 	// Note: wily is unsupported because it was officially deprecated on lanchpad.
 	// Note: yakkety is unsupported because it was officially deprecated on lanchpad.
-	debDistros = []string{"trusty", "xenial", "zesty"}
+	// Note: zesty is unsupported because it was officially deprecated on lanchpad.
+	debDistros = []string{"trusty", "xenial", "artful", "bionic"}
 )
 
 var GOBIN, _ = filepath.Abs(filepath.Join("build", "bin"))
@@ -146,6 +148,8 @@ func main() {
 		doInstall(os.Args[2:])
 	case "test":
 		doTest(os.Args[2:])
+	case "lint":
+		doLint(os.Args[2:])
 	case "archive":
 		doArchive(os.Args[2:])
 	case "debsrc":
@@ -170,17 +174,24 @@ func main() {
 func doInstall(cmdline []string) {
 	var (
 		arch = flag.String("arch", "", "Architecture to cross build for")
+		cc   = flag.String("cc", "", "C compiler to cross build with")
 	)
 	flag.CommandLine.Parse(cmdline)
 	env := build.Env()
 
 	// Check Go version. People regularly open issues about compilation
 	// failure with outdated Go. This should save them the trouble.
-	if runtime.Version() < "go1.7" && !strings.Contains(runtime.Version(), "devel") {
-		log.Println("You have Go version", runtime.Version())
-		log.Println("go-ethereum requires at least Go version 1.7 and cannot")
-		log.Println("be compiled with an earlier version. Please upgrade your Go installation.")
-		os.Exit(1)
+	if !strings.Contains(runtime.Version(), "devel") {
+		// Figure out the minor version number since we can't textually compare (1.10 < 1.9)
+		var minor int
+		fmt.Sscanf(strings.TrimPrefix(runtime.Version(), "go1."), "%d", &minor)
+
+		if minor < 9 {
+			log.Println("You have Go version", runtime.Version())
+			log.Println("go-ethereum requires at least Go version 1.9 and cannot")
+			log.Println("be compiled with an earlier version. Please upgrade your Go installation.")
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
 	}
 	// Compile packages given as arguments, or everything if there are no arguments.
 	packages := []string{"./..."}
@@ -196,7 +207,7 @@ func doInstall(cmdline []string) {
 		build.MustRun(goinstall)
 		return
 	}
-	// If we are cross compiling to ARMv5 ARMv6 or ARMv7, clean any prvious builds
+	// If we are cross compiling to ARMv5 ARMv6 or ARMv7, clean any previous builds
 	if *arch == "arm" {
 		os.RemoveAll(filepath.Join(runtime.GOROOT(), "pkg", runtime.GOOS+"_arm"))
 		for _, path := range filepath.SplitList(build.GOPATH()) {
@@ -204,7 +215,7 @@ func doInstall(cmdline []string) {
 		}
 	}
 	// Seems we are cross compiling, work around forbidden GOBIN
-	goinstall := goToolArch(*arch, "install", buildFlags(env)...)
+	goinstall := goToolArch(*arch, *cc, "install", buildFlags(env)...)
 	goinstall.Args = append(goinstall.Args, "-v")
 	goinstall.Args = append(goinstall.Args, []string{"-buildmode", "archive"}...)
 	goinstall.Args = append(goinstall.Args, packages...)
@@ -218,7 +229,7 @@ func doInstall(cmdline []string) {
 			}
 			for name := range pkgs {
 				if name == "main" {
-					gobuild := goToolArch(*arch, "build", buildFlags(env)...)
+					gobuild := goToolArch(*arch, *cc, "build", buildFlags(env)...)
 					gobuild.Args = append(gobuild.Args, "-v")
 					gobuild.Args = append(gobuild.Args, []string{"-o", executablePath(cmd.Name())}...)
 					gobuild.Args = append(gobuild.Args, "."+string(filepath.Separator)+filepath.Join("cmd", cmd.Name()))
@@ -246,18 +257,11 @@ func buildFlags(env build.Environment) (flags []string) {
 }
 
 func goTool(subcmd string, args ...string) *exec.Cmd {
-	return goToolArch(runtime.GOARCH, subcmd, args...)
+	return goToolArch(runtime.GOARCH, os.Getenv("CC"), subcmd, args...)
 }
 
-func goToolArch(arch string, subcmd string, args ...string) *exec.Cmd {
+func goToolArch(arch string, cc string, subcmd string, args ...string) *exec.Cmd {
 	cmd := build.GoTool(subcmd, args...)
-	if subcmd == "build" || subcmd == "install" || subcmd == "test" {
-		// Go CGO has a Windows linker error prior to 1.8 (https://github.com/golang/go/issues/8756).
-		// Work around issue by allowing multiple definitions for <1.8 builds.
-		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" && runtime.Version() < "go1.8" {
-			cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, []string{"-ldflags", "-extldflags -Wl,--allow-multiple-definition"}...)
-		}
-	}
 	cmd.Env = []string{"GOPATH=" + build.GOPATH()}
 	if arch == "" || arch == runtime.GOARCH {
 		cmd.Env = append(cmd.Env, "GOBIN="+GOBIN)
@@ -265,6 +269,9 @@ func goToolArch(arch string, subcmd string, args ...string) *exec.Cmd {
 		cmd.Env = append(cmd.Env, "CGO_ENABLED=1")
 		cmd.Env = append(cmd.Env, "GOARCH="+arch)
 	}
+	if cc != "" {
+		cmd.Env = append(cmd.Env, "CC="+cc)
+	}
 	for _, e := range os.Environ() {
 		if strings.HasPrefix(e, "GOPATH=") || strings.HasPrefix(e, "GOBIN=") {
 			continue
@@ -280,7 +287,6 @@ func goToolArch(arch string, subcmd string, args ...string) *exec.Cmd {
 
 func doTest(cmdline []string) {
 	var (
-		misspell = flag.Bool("misspell", false, "Whether to run the spell checker")
 		coverage = flag.Bool("coverage", false, "Whether to record code coverage")
 	)
 	flag.CommandLine.Parse(cmdline)
@@ -294,10 +300,7 @@ func doTest(cmdline []string) {
 
 	// Run analysis tools before the tests.
 	build.MustRun(goTool("vet", packages...))
-	if *misspell {
-		// TODO(karalabe): Reenable after false detection is fixed: https://github.com/client9/misspell/issues/105
-		// spellcheck(packages)
-	}
+
 	// Run the actual tests.
 	gotest := goTool("test", buildFlags(env)...)
 	// Test a single package at a time. CI builders are slow
@@ -306,35 +309,42 @@ func doTest(cmdline []string) {
 	if *coverage {
 		gotest.Args = append(gotest.Args, "-covermode=atomic", "-cover")
 	}
+
 	gotest.Args = append(gotest.Args, packages...)
 	build.MustRun(gotest)
 }
 
-// spellcheck runs the client9/misspell spellchecker package on all Go, Cgo and
-// test files in the requested packages.
-func spellcheck(packages []string) {
-	// Ensure the spellchecker is available
-	build.MustRun(goTool("get", "github.com/client9/misspell/cmd/misspell"))
+// runs gometalinter on requested packages
+func doLint(cmdline []string) {
+	flag.CommandLine.Parse(cmdline)
 
-	// Windows chokes on long argument lists, check packages individually
-	for _, pkg := range packages {
-		// The spell checker doesn't work on packages, gather all .go files for it
-		out, err := goTool("list", "-f", "{{.Dir}}{{range .GoFiles}}\n{{.}}{{end}}{{range .CgoFiles}}\n{{.}}{{end}}{{range .TestGoFiles}}\n{{.}}{{end}}", pkg).CombinedOutput()
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatalf("source file listing failed: %v\n%s", err, string(out))
-		}
-		// Retrieve the folder and assemble the source list
-		lines := strings.Split(string(out), "\n")
-		root := lines[0]
+	packages := []string{"./..."}
+	if len(flag.CommandLine.Args()) > 0 {
+		packages = flag.CommandLine.Args()
+	}
+	// Get metalinter and install all supported linters
+	build.MustRun(goTool("get", "gopkg.in/alecthomas/gometalinter.v2"))
+	build.MustRunCommand(filepath.Join(GOBIN, "gometalinter.v2"), "--install")
 
-		sources := make([]string, 0, len(lines)-1)
-		for _, line := range lines[1:] {
-			if line = strings.TrimSpace(line); line != "" {
-				sources = append(sources, filepath.Join(root, line))
-			}
-		}
-		// Run the spell checker for this particular package
-		build.MustRunCommand(filepath.Join(GOBIN, "misspell"), append([]string{"-error"}, sources...)...)
+	// Run fast linters batched together
+	configs := []string{
+		"--vendor",
+		"--tests",
+		"--disable-all",
+		"--enable=goimports",
+		"--enable=varcheck",
+		"--enable=vet",
+		"--enable=gofmt",
+		"--enable=misspell",
+		"--enable=goconst",
+		"--min-occurrences=6", // for goconst
+	}
+	build.MustRunCommand(filepath.Join(GOBIN, "gometalinter.v2"), append(configs, packages...)...)
+
+	// Run slow linters one by one
+	for _, linter := range []string{"unconvert", "gosimple"} {
+		configs = []string{"--vendor", "--tests", "--deadline=10m", "--disable-all", "--enable=" + linter}
+		build.MustRunCommand(filepath.Join(GOBIN, "gometalinter.v2"), append(configs, packages...)...)
 	}
 }
 
@@ -719,7 +729,7 @@ func doAndroidArchive(cmdline []string) {
 		log.Fatal("Please ensure ANDROID_NDK points to your Android NDK")
 	}
 	// Build the Android archive and Maven resources
-	build.MustRun(goTool("get", "golang.org/x/mobile/cmd/gomobile"))
+	build.MustRun(goTool("get", "golang.org/x/mobile/cmd/gomobile", "golang.org/x/mobile/cmd/gobind"))
 	build.MustRun(gomobileTool("init", "--ndk", os.Getenv("ANDROID_NDK")))
 	build.MustRun(gomobileTool("bind", "--target", "android", "--javapkg", "org.ethereum", "-v", "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/mobile"))
 
@@ -759,7 +769,7 @@ func doAndroidArchive(cmdline []string) {
 		if meta.Develop {
 			repo = *deploy + "/content/repositories/snapshots"
 		}
-		build.MustRunCommand("mvn", "gpg:sign-and-deploy-file",
+		build.MustRunCommand("mvn", "gpg:sign-and-deploy-file", "-e", "-X",
 			"-settings=build/mvn.settings", "-Durl="+repo, "-DrepositoryId=ossrh",
 			"-DpomFile="+meta.Package+".pom", "-Dfile="+meta.Package+".aar")
 	}
@@ -770,9 +780,10 @@ func gomobileTool(subcmd string, args ...string) *exec.Cmd {
 	cmd.Args = append(cmd.Args, args...)
 	cmd.Env = []string{
 		"GOPATH=" + build.GOPATH(),
+		"PATH=" + GOBIN + string(os.PathListSeparator) + os.Getenv("PATH"),
 	}
 	for _, e := range os.Environ() {
-		if strings.HasPrefix(e, "GOPATH=") {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(e, "GOPATH=") || strings.HasPrefix(e, "PATH=") {
 			continue
 		}
 		cmd.Env = append(cmd.Env, e)
@@ -839,7 +850,7 @@ func doXCodeFramework(cmdline []string) {
 	env := build.Env()
 
 	// Build the iOS XCode framework
-	build.MustRun(goTool("get", "golang.org/x/mobile/cmd/gomobile"))
+	build.MustRun(goTool("get", "golang.org/x/mobile/cmd/gomobile", "golang.org/x/mobile/cmd/gobind"))
 	build.MustRun(gomobileTool("init"))
 	bind := gomobileTool("bind", "--target", "ios", "--tags", "ios", "-v", "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/mobile")
 

build/deb.control

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ Source: {{.Name}}
 Section: science
 Priority: extra
 Maintainer: {{.Author}}
-Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 8.0.0), golang-1.9
+Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 8.0.0), golang-1.10
 Standards-Version: 3.9.5
 Homepage: https://ethereum.org
 Vcs-Git: git://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum.git

build/deb.rules

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #export DH_VERBOSE=1
 
 override_dh_auto_build:
-	build/env.sh /usr/lib/go-1.9/bin/go run build/ci.go install -git-commit={{.Env.Commit}} -git-branch={{.Env.Branch}} -git-tag={{.Env.Tag}} -buildnum={{.Env.Buildnum}} -pull-request={{.Env.IsPullRequest}}
+	build/env.sh /usr/lib/go-1.10/bin/go run build/ci.go install -git-commit={{.Env.Commit}} -git-branch={{.Env.Branch}} -git-tag={{.Env.Tag}} -buildnum={{.Env.Buildnum}} -pull-request={{.Env.IsPullRequest}}
 
 override_dh_auto_test:
 

build/goimports.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+find_files() {
+  find . -not \( \
+      \( \
+        -wholename '.github' \
+        -o -wholename './build/_workspace' \
+        -o -wholename './build/bin' \
+        -o -wholename './crypto/bn256' \
+        -o -wholename '*/vendor/*' \
+      \) -prune \
+    \) -name '*.go'
+}
+
+GOFMT="gofmt -s -w";
+GOIMPORTS="goimports -w";
+find_files | xargs $GOFMT;
+find_files | xargs $GOIMPORTS;

build/update-license.go

@@ -55,10 +55,9 @@ var (
 		"crypto/sha3/",
 		"internal/jsre/deps",
 		"log/",
+		"common/bitutil/bitutil",
 		// don't license generated files
-		"contracts/chequebook/contract/",
-		"contracts/ens/contract/",
-		"contracts/release/contract.go",
+		"contracts/chequebook/contract/code.go",
 	}
 
 	// paths with this prefix are licensed as GPL. all other files are LGPL.

cmd/bootnode/main.go

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ import (
 	"crypto/ecdsa"
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
+	"net"
 	"os"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
@@ -96,12 +97,37 @@ func main() {
 		}
 	}
 
+	addr, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", *listenAddr)
+	if err != nil {
+		utils.Fatalf("-ResolveUDPAddr: %v", err)
+	}
+	conn, err := net.ListenUDP("udp", addr)
+	if err != nil {
+		utils.Fatalf("-ListenUDP: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	realaddr := conn.LocalAddr().(*net.UDPAddr)
+	if natm != nil {
+		if !realaddr.IP.IsLoopback() {
+			go nat.Map(natm, nil, "udp", realaddr.Port, realaddr.Port, "ethereum discovery")
+		}
+		// TODO: react to external IP changes over time.
+		if ext, err := natm.ExternalIP(); err == nil {
+			realaddr = &net.UDPAddr{IP: ext, Port: realaddr.Port}
+		}
+	}
+
 	if *runv5 {
-		if _, err := discv5.ListenUDP(nodeKey, *listenAddr, natm, "", restrictList); err != nil {
+		if _, err := discv5.ListenUDP(nodeKey, conn, realaddr, "", restrictList); err != nil {
 			utils.Fatalf("%v", err)
 		}
 	} else {
-		if _, err := discover.ListenUDP(nodeKey, *listenAddr, natm, "", restrictList); err != nil {
+		cfg := discover.Config{
+			PrivateKey:   nodeKey,
+			AnnounceAddr: realaddr,
+			NetRestrict:  restrictList,
+		}
+		if _, err := discover.ListenUDP(conn, cfg); err != nil {
 			utils.Fatalf("%v", err)
 		}
 	}

cmd/clef/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,864 @@
+Clef
+----
+Clef can be used to sign transactions and data and is meant as a replacement for geth's account management.
+This allows DApps not to depend on geth's account management. When a DApp wants to sign data it can send the data to
+the signer, the signer will then provide the user with context and asks the user for permission to sign the data. If
+the users grants the signing request the signer will send the signature back to the DApp.
+  
+This setup allows a DApp to connect to a remote Ethereum node and send transactions that are locally signed. This can
+help in situations when a DApp is connected to a remote node because a local Ethereum node is not available, not
+synchronised with the chain or a particular Ethereum node that has no built-in (or limited) account management.
+  
+Clef can run as a daemon on the same machine, or off a usb-stick like [usb armory](https://inversepath.com/usbarmory),
+or a separate VM in a [QubesOS](https://www.qubes-os.org/) type os setup.
+
+
+## Command line flags
+Clef accepts the following command line options:
+```
+COMMANDS:
+   init    Initialize the signer, generate secret storage
+   attest  Attest that a js-file is to be used
+   addpw   Store a credential for a keystore file
+   help    Shows a list of commands or help for one command
+
+GLOBAL OPTIONS:
+   --loglevel value        log level to emit to the screen (default: 4)
+   --keystore value        Directory for the keystore (default: "$HOME/.ethereum/keystore")
+   --configdir value       Directory for clef configuration (default: "$HOME/.clef")
+   --networkid value       Network identifier (integer, 1=Frontier, 2=Morden (disused), 3=Ropsten, 4=Rinkeby) (default: 1)
+   --lightkdf              Reduce key-derivation RAM & CPU usage at some expense of KDF strength
+   --nousb                 Disables monitoring for and managing USB hardware wallets
+   --rpcaddr value         HTTP-RPC server listening interface (default: "localhost")
+   --rpcport value         HTTP-RPC server listening port (default: 8550)
+   --signersecret value    A file containing the password used to encrypt signer credentials, e.g. keystore credentials and ruleset hash
+   --4bytedb value         File containing 4byte-identifiers (default: "./4byte.json")
+   --4bytedb-custom value  File used for writing new 4byte-identifiers submitted via API (default: "./4byte-custom.json")
+   --auditlog value        File used to emit audit logs. Set to "" to disable (default: "audit.log")
+   --rules value           Enable rule-engine (default: "rules.json")
+   --stdio-ui              Use STDIN/STDOUT as a channel for an external UI. This means that an STDIN/STDOUT is used for RPC-communication with a e.g. a graphical user interface, and can be used when the signer is started by an external process.
+   --stdio-ui-test         Mechanism to test interface between signer and UI. Requires 'stdio-ui'.
+   --help, -h              show help
+   --version, -v           print the version
+
+```
+
+
+Example:
+```
+signer -keystore /my/keystore -chainid 4
+```
+
+Check out the [tutorial](tutorial.md) for some concrete examples on how the signer works.
+
+## Security model
+
+The security model of the signer is as follows:
+
+* One critical component (the signer binary / daemon) is responsible for handling cryptographic operations: signing, private keys, encryption/decryption of keystore files.
+* The signer binary has a well-defined 'external' API.
+* The 'external' API is considered UNTRUSTED.
+* The signer binary also communicates with whatever process that invoked the binary, via stdin/stdout.
+  * This channel is considered 'trusted'. Over this channel, approvals and passwords are communicated.
+
+The general flow for signing a transaction using e.g. geth is as follows:
+![image](sign_flow.png)
+
+In this case, `geth` would be started with `--externalsigner=http://localhost:8550` and would relay requests to `eth.sendTransaction`.
+
+## TODOs
+
+Some snags and todos
+
+* [ ] The signer should take a startup param "--no-change", for UIs that do not contain the capability
+   to perform changes to things, only approve/deny. Such a UI should be able to start the signer in
+   a more secure mode by telling it that it only wants approve/deny capabilities.
+
+* [x] It would be nice if the signer could collect new 4byte-id:s/method selectors, and have a
+secondary database for those (`4byte_custom.json`). Users could then (optionally) submit their collections for
+inclusion upstream.
+
+* It should be possible to configure the signer to check if an account is indeed known to it, before
+passing on to the UI. The reason it currently does not, is that it would make it possible to enumerate
+accounts if it immediately returned "unknown account".
+* [x] It should be possible to configure the signer to auto-allow listing (certain) accounts, instead of asking every time.
+* [x] Done Upon startup, the signer should spit out some info to the caller (particularly important when executed in `stdio-ui`-mode),
+invoking methods with the following info:
+  * [x] Version info about the signer
+  * [x] Address of API (http/ipc)
+  * [ ] List of known accounts
+* [ ] Have a default timeout on signing operations, so that if the user has not answered withing e.g. 60 seconds, the request is rejected.
+* [ ] `account_signRawTransaction`
+* [ ] `account_bulkSignTransactions([] transactions)` should
+   * only exist if enabled via config/flag
+   * only allow non-data-sending transactions
+   * all txs must use the same `from`-account
+   * let the user confirm, showing
+      * the total amount
+      * the number of unique recipients
+
+* Geth todos
+    - The signer should pass the `Origin` header as call-info to the UI. As of right now, the way that info about the request is
+put together is a bit of a hack into the http server. This could probably be greatly improved
+    - Relay: Geth should be started in `geth --external_signer localhost:8550`.
+    - Currently, the Geth APIs use `common.Address` in the arguments to transaction submission (e.g `to` field). This
+  type is 20 `bytes`, and is incapable of carrying checksum information. The signer uses `common.MixedcaseAddress`, which
+  retains the original input.
+    - The Geth api should switch to use the same type, and relay `to`-account verbatim to the external api.
+
+* [x] Storage
+    * [x] An encrypted key-value storage should be implemented
+    * See [rules.md](rules.md) for more info about this.
+
+* Another potential thing to introduce is pairing.
+  * To prevent spurious requests which users just accept, implement a way to "pair" the caller with the signer (external API).
+  * Thus geth/mist/cpp would cryptographically handshake and afterwards the caller would be allowed to make signing requests.
+  * This feature would make the addition of rules less dangerous.
+
+* Wallets / accounts. Add API methods for wallets.
+
+## Communication
+
+### External API
+
+The signer listens to HTTP requests on `rpcaddr`:`rpcport`, with the same JSONRPC standard as Geth. The messages are
+expected to be JSON [jsonrpc 2.0 standard](http://www.jsonrpc.org/specification).
+
+Some of these call can require user interaction. Clients must be aware that responses
+may be delayed significanlty or may never be received if a users decides to ignore the confirmation request.
+
+The External API is **untrusted** : it does not accept credentials over this api, nor does it expect
+that requests have any authority.
+
+### UI API
+
+The signer has one native console-based UI, for operation without any standalone tools.
+However, there is also an API to communicate with an external UI. To enable that UI,
+the signer needs to be executed with the `--stdio-ui` option, which allocates the
+`stdin`/`stdout` for the UI-api.
+
+An example (insecure) proof-of-concept of has been implemented in `pythonsigner.py`.
+
+The model is as follows:
+
+* The user starts the UI app (`pythonsigner.py`).
+* The UI app starts the `signer` with `--stdio-ui`, and listens to the
+process output for confirmation-requests.
+* The `signer` opens the external http api.
+* When the `signer` receives requests, it sends a `jsonrpc` request via `stdout`.
+* The UI app prompts the user accordingly, and responds to the `signer`
+* The `signer` signs (or not), and responds to the original request.
+
+## External API
+
+See the [external api changelog](extapi_changelog.md) for information about changes to this API.
+
+### Encoding
+- number: positive integers that are hex encoded
+- data: hex encoded data
+- string: ASCII string
+
+All hex encoded values must be prefixed with `0x`.
+
+## Methods
+
+### account_new
+
+#### Create new password protected account
+
+The signer will generate a new private key, encrypts it according to [web3 keystore spec](https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Web3-Secret-Storage-Definition) and stores it in the keystore directory.
+The client is responsible for creating a backup of the keystore. If the keystore is lost there is no method of retrieving lost accounts.
+
+#### Arguments
+
+None
+
+#### Result
+  - address [string]: account address that is derived from the generated key
+  - url [string]: location of the keyfile
+  
+#### Sample call
+```json
+{
+  "id": 0,
+  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+  "method": "account_new",
+  "params": []
+}
+
+{
+  "id": 0,
+  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+  "result": {
+    "address": "0xbea9183f8f4f03d427f6bcea17388bdff1cab133",
+    "url": "keystore:///my/keystore/UTC--2017-08-24T08-40-15.419655028Z--bea9183f8f4f03d427f6bcea17388bdff1cab133"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### account_list
+
+#### List available accounts
+   List all accounts that this signer currently manages
+
+#### Arguments
+
+None
+
+#### Result
+  - array with account records:
+     - account.address [string]: account address that is derived from the generated key
+     - account.type [string]: type of the 
+     - account.url [string]: location of the account
+  
+#### Sample call
+```json
+{
+  "id": 1,
+  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+  "method": "account_list"
+}
+
+{
+  "id": 1,
+  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+  "result": [
+    {
+      "address": "0xafb2f771f58513609765698f65d3f2f0224a956f",
+      "type": "account",
+      "url": "keystore:///tmp/keystore/UTC--2017-08-24T07-26-47.162109726Z--afb2f771f58513609765698f65d3f2f0224a956f"
+    },
+    {
+      "address": "0xbea9183f8f4f03d427f6bcea17388bdff1cab133",
+      "type": "account",
+      "url": "keystore:///tmp/keystore/UTC--2017-08-24T08-40-15.419655028Z--bea9183f8f4f03d427f6bcea17388bdff1cab133"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+### account_signTransaction
+
+#### Sign transactions
+   Signs a transactions and responds with the signed transaction in RLP encoded form.
+
+#### Arguments
+  2. transaction object:
+     - `from` [address]: account to send the transaction from
+     - `to` [address]: receiver account. If omitted or `0x`, will cause contract creation.
+     - `gas` [number]: maximum amount of gas to burn
+     - `gasPrice` [number]: gas price
+     - `value` [number:optional]: amount of Wei to send with the transaction
+     - `data` [data:optional]:  input data
+     - `nonce` [number]: account nonce
+  3. method signature [string:optional]
+     - The method signature, if present, is to aid decoding the calldata. Should consist of `methodname(paramtype,...)`, e.g. `transfer(uint256,address)`. The signer may use this data to parse the supplied calldata, and show the user. The data, however, is considered totally untrusted, and reliability is not expected.
+
+
+#### Result
+  - signed transaction in RLP encoded form [data]
+  
+#### Sample call
+```json
+{
+  "id": 2,
+  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+  "method": "account_signTransaction",
+  "params": [
+    {
+      "from": "0x1923f626bb8dc025849e00f99c25fe2b2f7fb0db",
+      "gas": "0x55555",
+      "gasPrice": "0x1234",
+      "input": "0xabcd",
+      "nonce": "0x0",
+      "to": "0x07a565b7ed7d7a678680a4c162885bedbb695fe0",
+      "value": "0x1234"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+Response
+
+```json
+{
+  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+  "id": 67,
+  "error": {
+    "code": -32000,
+    "message": "Request denied"
+  }
+}
+```
+#### Sample call with ABI-data
+
+
+```json
+{
+  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+  "method": "account_signTransaction",
+  "params": [
+    {
+      "from": "0x694267f14675d7e1b9494fd8d72fefe1755710fa",
+      "gas": "0x333",
+      "gasPrice": "0x1",
+      "nonce": "0x0",
+      "to": "0x07a565b7ed7d7a678680a4c162885bedbb695fe0",
+      "value": "0x0",
+      "data": "0x4401a6e40000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000012"
+    },
+    "safeSend(address)"
+  ],
+  "id": 67
+}
+```
+Response
+
+```json
+{
+  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+  "id": 67,
+  "result": {
+    "raw": "0xf88380018203339407a565b7ed7d7a678680a4c162885bedbb695fe080a44401a6e4000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001226a0223a7c9bcf5531c99be5ea7082183816eb20cfe0bbc322e97cc5c7f71ab8b20ea02aadee6b34b45bb15bc42d9c09de4a6754e7000908da72d48cc7704971491663",
+    "tx": {
+      "nonce": "0x0",
+      "gasPrice": "0x1",
+      "gas": "0x333",
+      "to": "0x07a565b7ed7d7a678680a4c162885bedbb695fe0",
+      "value": "0x0",
+      "input": "0x4401a6e40000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000012",
+      "v": "0x26",
+      "r": "0x223a7c9bcf5531c99be5ea7082183816eb20cfe0bbc322e97cc5c7f71ab8b20e",
+      "s": "0x2aadee6b34b45bb15bc42d9c09de4a6754e7000908da72d48cc7704971491663",
+      "hash": "0xeba2df809e7a612a0a0d444ccfa5c839624bdc00dd29e3340d46df3870f8a30e"
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Bash example:
+```bash
+#curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"account_signTransaction","params":[{"from":"0x694267f14675d7e1b9494fd8d72fefe1755710fa","gas":"0x333","gasPrice":"0x1","nonce":"0x0","to":"0x07a565b7ed7d7a678680a4c162885bedbb695fe0", "value":"0x0", "data":"0x4401a6e40000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000012"},"safeSend(address)"],"id":67}' http://localhost:8550/
+
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":67,"result":{"raw":"0xf88380018203339407a565b7ed7d7a678680a4c162885bedbb695fe080a44401a6e4000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001226a0223a7c9bcf5531c99be5ea7082183816eb20cfe0bbc322e97cc5c7f71ab8b20ea02aadee6b34b45bb15bc42d9c09de4a6754e7000908da72d48cc7704971491663","tx":{"nonce":"0x0","gasPrice":"0x1","gas":"0x333","to":"0x07a565b7ed7d7a678680a4c162885bedbb695fe0","value":"0x0","input":"0x4401a6e40000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000012","v":"0x26","r":"0x223a7c9bcf5531c99be5ea7082183816eb20cfe0bbc322e97cc5c7f71ab8b20e","s":"0x2aadee6b34b45bb15bc42d9c09de4a6754e7000908da72d48cc7704971491663","hash":"0xeba2df809e7a612a0a0d444ccfa5c839624bdc00dd29e3340d46df3870f8a30e"}}}
+```
+
+
+### account_sign
+
+#### Sign data
+   Signs a chunk of data and returns the calculated signature.
+
+#### Arguments
+  - account [address]: account to sign with
+  - data [data]: data to sign
+
+#### Result
+  - calculated signature [data]
+  
+#### Sample call
+```json
+{
+  "id": 3,
+  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+  "method": "account_sign",
+  "params": [
+    "0x1923f626bb8dc025849e00f99c25fe2b2f7fb0db",
+    "0xaabbccdd"
+  ]
+}
+```
+Response
+
+```json
+{
+  "id": 3,
+  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+  "result": "0x5b6693f153b48ec1c706ba4169960386dbaa6903e249cc79a8e6ddc434451d417e1e57327872c7f538beeb323c300afa9999a3d4a5de6caf3be0d5ef832b67ef1c"
+}
+```
+
+### account_ecRecover
+
+#### Recover address
+   Derive the address from the account that was used to sign data from the data and signature.
+   
+#### Arguments
+  - data [data]: data that was signed
+  - signature [data]: the signature to verify
+
+#### Result
+  - derived account [address]
+  
+#### Sample call
+```json
+{
+  "id": 4,
+  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+  "method": "account_ecRecover",
+  "params": [
+    "0xaabbccdd",
+    "0x5b6693f153b48ec1c706ba4169960386dbaa6903e249cc79a8e6ddc434451d417e1e57327872c7f538beeb323c300afa9999a3d4a5de6caf3be0d5ef832b67ef1c"
+  ]
+}
+```
+Response
+
+```json
+{
+  "id": 4,
+  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+  "result": "0x1923f626bb8dc025849e00f99c25fe2b2f7fb0db"
+}
+
+```
+
+### account_import
+
+#### Import account
+   Import a private key into the keystore. The imported key is expected to be encrypted according to the web3 keystore
+   format.
+   
+#### Arguments
+  - account [object]: key in [web3 keystore format](https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Web3-Secret-Storage-Definition) (retrieved with account_export) 
+
+#### Result
+  - imported key [object]:
+     - key.address [address]: address of the imported key
+     - key.type [string]: type of the account
+     - key.url [string]: key URL
+  
+#### Sample call
+```json
+{
+  "id": 6,
+  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+  "method": "account_import",
+  "params": [
+    {
+      "address": "c7412fc59930fd90099c917a50e5f11d0934b2f5",
+      "crypto": {
+        "cipher": "aes-128-ctr",
+        "cipherparams": {
+          "iv": "401c39a7c7af0388491c3d3ecb39f532"
+        },
+        "ciphertext": "eb045260b18dd35cd0e6d99ead52f8fa1e63a6b0af2d52a8de198e59ad783204",
+        "kdf": "scrypt",
+        "kdfparams": {
+          "dklen": 32,
+          "n": 262144,
+          "p": 1,
+          "r": 8,
+          "salt": "9a657e3618527c9b5580ded60c12092e5038922667b7b76b906496f021bb841a"
+        },
+        "mac": "880dc10bc06e9cec78eb9830aeb1e7a4a26b4c2c19615c94acb632992b952806"
+      },
+      "id": "09bccb61-b8d3-4e93-bf4f-205a8194f0b9",
+      "version": 3
+    },
+  ]
+}
+```
+Response
+
+```json
+{
+  "id": 6,
+  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+  "result": {
+    "address": "0xc7412fc59930fd90099c917a50e5f11d0934b2f5",
+    "type": "account",
+    "url": "keystore:///tmp/keystore/UTC--2017-08-24T11-00-42.032024108Z--c7412fc59930fd90099c917a50e5f11d0934b2f5"
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### account_export
+
+#### Export account from keystore
+   Export a private key from the keystore. The exported private key is encrypted with the original passphrase. When the
+   key is imported later this passphrase is required.
+   
+#### Arguments
+  - account [address]: export private key that is associated with this account
+
+#### Result
+  - exported key, see [web3 keystore format](https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Web3-Secret-Storage-Definition) for
+  more information
+  
+#### Sample call
+```json
+{
+  "id": 5,
+  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+  "method": "account_export",
+  "params": [
+    "0xc7412fc59930fd90099c917a50e5f11d0934b2f5"
+  ]
+}
+```
+Response
+
+```json
+{
+  "id": 5,
+  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+  "result": {
+    "address": "c7412fc59930fd90099c917a50e5f11d0934b2f5",
+    "crypto": {
+      "cipher": "aes-128-ctr",
+      "cipherparams": {
+        "iv": "401c39a7c7af0388491c3d3ecb39f532"
+      },
+      "ciphertext": "eb045260b18dd35cd0e6d99ead52f8fa1e63a6b0af2d52a8de198e59ad783204",
+      "kdf": "scrypt",
+      "kdfparams": {
+        "dklen": 32,
+        "n": 262144,
+        "p": 1,
+        "r": 8,
+        "salt": "9a657e3618527c9b5580ded60c12092e5038922667b7b76b906496f021bb841a"
+      },
+      "mac": "880dc10bc06e9cec78eb9830aeb1e7a4a26b4c2c19615c94acb632992b952806"
+    },
+    "id": "09bccb61-b8d3-4e93-bf4f-205a8194f0b9",
+    "version": 3
+  }
+}
+```
+
+
+
+## UI API
+
+These methods needs to be implemented by a UI listener.
+
+By starting the signer with the switch `--stdio-ui-test`, the signer will invoke all known methods, and expect the UI to respond with
+denials. This can be used during development to ensure that the API is (at least somewhat) correctly implemented.
+See `pythonsigner`, which can be invoked via `python3 pythonsigner.py test` to perform the 'denial-handshake-test'.
+
+All methods in this API uses object-based parameters, so that there can be no mixups of parameters: each piece of data is accessed by key.
+
+See the [ui api changelog](intapi_changelog.md) for information about changes to this API.
+
+OBS! A slight deviation from `json` standard is in place: every request and response should be confined to a single line.
+Whereas the `json` specification allows for linebreaks, linebreaks __should not__ be used in this communication channel, to make
+things simpler for both parties.
+
+### ApproveTx
+
+Invoked when there's a transaction for approval.
+
+
+#### Sample call
+
+Here's a method invocation:
+```bash
+
+curl -i -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"account_signTransaction","params":[{"from":"0x694267f14675d7e1b9494fd8d72fefe1755710fa","gas":"0x333","gasPrice":"0x1","nonce":"0x0","to":"0x07a565b7ed7d7a678680a4c162885bedbb695fe0", "value":"0x0", "data":"0x4401a6e40000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000012"},"safeSend(address)"],"id":67}' http://localhost:8550/
+```
+
+```json
+
+{
+  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+  "id": 1,
+  "method": "ApproveTx",
+  "params": [
+    {
+      "transaction": {
+        "from": "0x0x694267f14675d7e1b9494fd8d72fefe1755710fa",
+        "to": "0x0x07a565b7ed7d7a678680a4c162885bedbb695fe0",
+        "gas": "0x333",
+        "gasPrice": "0x1",
+        "value": "0x0",
+        "nonce": "0x0",
+        "data": "0x4401a6e40000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000012",
+        "input": null
+      },
+      "call_info": [
+          {
+            "type": "WARNING",
+            "message": "Invalid checksum on to-address"
+          },
+          {
+            "type": "Info",
+            "message": "safeSend(address: 0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000012)"
+          }
+        ],
+      "meta": {
+        "remote": "127.0.0.1:48486",
+        "local": "localhost:8550",
+        "scheme": "HTTP/1.1"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+
+```
+
+The same method invocation, but with invalid data:
+```bash
+
+curl -i -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"account_signTransaction","params":[{"from":"0x694267f14675d7e1b9494fd8d72fefe1755710fa","gas":"0x333","gasPrice":"0x1","nonce":"0x0","to":"0x07a565b7ed7d7a678680a4c162885bedbb695fe0", "value":"0x0", "data":"0x4401a6e40000000000000002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000012"},"safeSend(address)"],"id":67}' http://localhost:8550/
+```
+
+```json
+
+{
+  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+  "id": 1,
+  "method": "ApproveTx",
+  "params": [
+    {
+      "transaction": {
+        "from": "0x0x694267f14675d7e1b9494fd8d72fefe1755710fa",
+        "to": "0x0x07a565b7ed7d7a678680a4c162885bedbb695fe0",
+        "gas": "0x333",
+        "gasPrice": "0x1",
+        "value": "0x0",
+        "nonce": "0x0",
+        "data": "0x4401a6e40000000000000002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000012",
+        "input": null
+      },
+      "call_info": [
+          {
+            "type": "WARNING",
+            "message": "Invalid checksum on to-address"
+          },
+          {
+            "type": "WARNING",
+            "message": "Transaction data did not match ABI-interface: WARNING: Supplied data is stuffed with extra data. \nWant 0000000000000002000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000012\nHave 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000012\nfor method safeSend(address)"
+          }
+        ],
+      "meta": {
+        "remote": "127.0.0.1:48492",
+        "local": "localhost:8550",
+        "scheme": "HTTP/1.1"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+
+
+```
+
+One which has missing `to`, but with no `data`:
+
+
+```json
+
+{
+  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+  "id": 3,
+  "method": "ApproveTx",
+  "params": [
+    {
+      "transaction": {
+        "from": "",
+        "to": null,
+        "gas": "0x0",
+        "gasPrice": "0x0",
+        "value": "0x0",
+        "nonce": "0x0",
+        "data": null,
+        "input": null
+      },
+      "call_info": [
+          {
+            "type": "CRITICAL",
+            "message": "Tx will create contract with empty code!"
+          }
+        ],
+      "meta": {
+        "remote": "signer binary",
+        "local": "main",
+        "scheme": "in-proc"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+### ApproveExport
+
+Invoked when a request to export an account has been made.
+
+#### Sample call
+
+```json
+
+{
+  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+  "id": 7,
+  "method": "ApproveExport",
+  "params": [
+    {
+      "address": "0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
+      "meta": {
+        "remote": "signer binary",
+        "local": "main",
+        "scheme": "in-proc"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+
+```
+
+### ApproveListing
+
+Invoked when a request for account listing has been made.
+
+#### Sample call
+
+```json
+
+{
+  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+  "id": 5,
+  "method": "ApproveListing",
+  "params": [
+    {
+      "accounts": [
+        {
+          "type": "Account",
+          "url": "keystore:///home/bazonk/.ethereum/keystore/UTC--2017-11-20T14-44-54.089682944Z--123409812340981234098123409812deadbeef42",
+          "address": "0x123409812340981234098123409812deadbeef42"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "Account",
+          "url": "keystore:///home/bazonk/.ethereum/keystore/UTC--2017-11-23T21-59-03.199240693Z--cafebabedeadbeef34098123409812deadbeef42",
+          "address": "0xcafebabedeadbeef34098123409812deadbeef42"
+        }
+      ],
+      "meta": {
+        "remote": "signer binary",
+        "local": "main",
+        "scheme": "in-proc"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+
+```
+
+
+### ApproveSignData
+
+#### Sample call
+
+```json
+{
+  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+  "id": 4,
+  "method": "ApproveSignData",
+  "params": [
+    {
+      "address": "0x123409812340981234098123409812deadbeef42",
+      "raw_data": "0x01020304",
+      "message": "\u0019Ethereum Signed Message:\n4\u0001\u0002\u0003\u0004",
+      "hash": "0x7e3a4e7a9d1744bc5c675c25e1234ca8ed9162bd17f78b9085e48047c15ac310",
+      "meta": {
+        "remote": "signer binary",
+        "local": "main",
+        "scheme": "in-proc"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+
+```
+
+### ShowInfo
+
+The UI should show the info to the user. Does not expect response.
+
+#### Sample call
+
+```json
+{
+  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+  "id": 9,
+  "method": "ShowInfo",
+  "params": [
+    {
+      "text": "Tests completed"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+
+```
+
+### ShowError
+
+The UI should show the info to the user. Does not expect response.
+
+```json
+
+{
+  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+  "id": 2,
+  "method": "ShowError",
+  "params": [
+    {
+      "text": "Testing 'ShowError'"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+
+```
+
+### OnApproved
+
+`OnApprovedTx` is called when a transaction has been approved and signed. The call contains the return value that will be sent to the external caller.  The return value from this method is ignored - the reason for having this callback is to allow the ruleset to keep track of approved transactions.
+
+When implementing rate-limited rules, this callback should be used.
+
+TLDR; Use this method to keep track of signed transactions, instead of using the data in `ApproveTx`.
+
+### OnSignerStartup
+
+This method provide the UI with information about what API version the signer uses (both internal and external) aswell as build-info and external api,
+in k/v-form.
+
+Example call:
+```json
+
+{
+  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+  "id": 1,
+  "method": "OnSignerStartup",
+  "params": [
+    {
+      "info": {
+        "extapi_http": "http://localhost:8550",
+        "extapi_ipc": null,
+        "extapi_version": "2.0.0",
+        "intapi_version": "1.2.0"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+
+```
+
+
+### Rules for UI apis
+
+A UI should conform to the following rules.
+
+* A UI MUST NOT load any external resources that were not embedded/part of the UI package.
+  * For example, not load icons, stylesheets from the internet
+  * Not load files from the filesystem, unless they reside in the same local directory (e.g. config files)
+* A Graphical UI MUST show the blocky-identicon for ethereum addresses.
+* A UI MUST warn display approproate warning if the destination-account is formatted with invalid checksum.
+* A UI MUST NOT open any ports or services
+  * The signer opens the public port
+* A UI SHOULD verify the permissions on the signer binary, and refuse to execute or warn if permissions allow non-user write.
+* A UI SHOULD inform the user about the `SHA256` or `MD5` hash of the binary being executed
+* A UI SHOULD NOT maintain a secondary storage of data, e.g. list of accounts
+  * The signer provides accounts
+* A UI SHOULD, to the best extent possible, use static linking / bundling, so that requried libraries are bundled
+along with the UI.
+
+

cmd/clef/extapi_changelog.md

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+### Changelog for external API
+
+
+
+#### 2.0.0
+
+* Commit `73abaf04b1372fa4c43201fb1b8019fe6b0a6f8d`, move `from` into `transaction` object in `signTransaction`. This
+makes the `accounts_signTransaction` identical to the old `eth_signTransaction`.
+
+
+#### 1.0.0
+
+Initial release.
+
+### Versioning
+
+The API uses [semantic versioning](https://semver.org/).
+
+TLDR; Given a version number MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH, increment the:
+
+* MAJOR version when you make incompatible API changes,
+* MINOR version when you add functionality in a backwards-compatible manner, and
+* PATCH version when you make backwards-compatible bug fixes.
+
+Additional labels for pre-release and build metadata are available as extensions to the MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH format.

cmd/clef/intapi_changelog.md

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+### Changelog for internal API (ui-api)
+
+### 2.0.0
+
+* Modify how `call_info` on a transaction is conveyed. New format:
+
+```
+{
+  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+  "id": 2,
+  "method": "ApproveTx",
+  "params": [
+    {
+      "transaction": {
+        "from": "0x82A2A876D39022B3019932D30Cd9c97ad5616813",
+        "to": "0x07a565b7ed7d7a678680a4c162885bedbb695fe0",
+        "gas": "0x333",
+        "gasPrice": "0x123",
+        "value": "0x10",
+        "nonce": "0x0",
+        "data": "0x4401a6e40000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000012",
+        "input": null
+      },
+      "call_info": [
+        {
+          "type": "WARNING",
+          "message": "Invalid checksum on to-address"
+        },
+        {
+          "type": "WARNING",
+          "message": "Tx contains data, but provided ABI signature could not be matched: Did not match: test (0 matches)"
+        }
+      ],
+      "meta": {
+        "remote": "127.0.0.1:54286",
+        "local": "localhost:8550",
+        "scheme": "HTTP/1.1"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+#### 1.2.0
+
+* Add `OnStartup` method, to provide the UI with information about what API version
+the signer uses (both internal and external) aswell as build-info and external api.
+
+Example call:
+```json
+{
+  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+  "id": 1,
+  "method": "OnSignerStartup",
+  "params": [
+    {
+      "info": {
+        "extapi_http": "http://localhost:8550",
+        "extapi_ipc": null,
+        "extapi_version": "2.0.0",
+        "intapi_version": "1.2.0"
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+#### 1.1.0
+
+* Add `OnApproved` method
+
+#### 1.0.0
+
+Initial release.
+
+### Versioning
+
+The API uses [semantic versioning](https://semver.org/).
+
+TLDR; Given a version number MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH, increment the:
+
+* MAJOR version when you make incompatible API changes,
+* MINOR version when you add functionality in a backwards-compatible manner, and
+* PATCH version when you make backwards-compatible bug fixes.
+
+Additional labels for pre-release and build metadata are available as extensions to the MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH format.

cmd/clef/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,640 @@
+// Copyright 2018 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+// signer is a utility that can be used so sign transactions and
+// arbitrary data.
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"context"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"os/signal"
+	"os/user"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/node"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rpc"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/signer/core"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/signer/rules"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/signer/storage"
+	"gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1"
+)
+
+// ExternalApiVersion -- see extapi_changelog.md
+const ExternalApiVersion = "2.0.0"
+
+// InternalApiVersion -- see intapi_changelog.md
+const InternalApiVersion = "2.0.0"
+
+const legalWarning = `
+WARNING! 
+
+Clef is alpha software, and not yet publically released. This software has _not_ been audited, and there
+are no guarantees about the workings of this software. It may contain severe flaws. You should not use this software
+unless you agree to take full responsibility for doing so, and know what you are doing. 
+
+TLDR; THIS IS NOT PRODUCTION-READY SOFTWARE! 
+
+`
+
+var (
+	logLevelFlag = cli.IntFlag{
+		Name:  "loglevel",
+		Value: 4,
+		Usage: "log level to emit to the screen",
+	}
+	keystoreFlag = cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:  "keystore",
+		Value: filepath.Join(node.DefaultDataDir(), "keystore"),
+		Usage: "Directory for the keystore",
+	}
+	configdirFlag = cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:  "configdir",
+		Value: DefaultConfigDir(),
+		Usage: "Directory for Clef configuration",
+	}
+	rpcPortFlag = cli.IntFlag{
+		Name:  "rpcport",
+		Usage: "HTTP-RPC server listening port",
+		Value: node.DefaultHTTPPort + 5,
+	}
+	signerSecretFlag = cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:  "signersecret",
+		Usage: "A file containing the password used to encrypt Clef credentials, e.g. keystore credentials and ruleset hash",
+	}
+	dBFlag = cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:  "4bytedb",
+		Usage: "File containing 4byte-identifiers",
+		Value: "./4byte.json",
+	}
+	customDBFlag = cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:  "4bytedb-custom",
+		Usage: "File used for writing new 4byte-identifiers submitted via API",
+		Value: "./4byte-custom.json",
+	}
+	auditLogFlag = cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:  "auditlog",
+		Usage: "File used to emit audit logs. Set to \"\" to disable",
+		Value: "audit.log",
+	}
+	ruleFlag = cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:  "rules",
+		Usage: "Enable rule-engine",
+		Value: "rules.json",
+	}
+	stdiouiFlag = cli.BoolFlag{
+		Name: "stdio-ui",
+		Usage: "Use STDIN/STDOUT as a channel for an external UI. " +
+			"This means that an STDIN/STDOUT is used for RPC-communication with a e.g. a graphical user " +
+			"interface, and can be used when Clef is started by an external process.",
+	}
+	testFlag = cli.BoolFlag{
+		Name:  "stdio-ui-test",
+		Usage: "Mechanism to test interface between Clef and UI. Requires 'stdio-ui'.",
+	}
+	app         = cli.NewApp()
+	initCommand = cli.Command{
+		Action:    utils.MigrateFlags(initializeSecrets),
+		Name:      "init",
+		Usage:     "Initialize the signer, generate secret storage",
+		ArgsUsage: "",
+		Flags: []cli.Flag{
+			logLevelFlag,
+			configdirFlag,
+		},
+		Description: `
+The init command generates a master seed which Clef can use to store credentials and data needed for 
+the rule-engine to work.`,
+	}
+	attestCommand = cli.Command{
+		Action:    utils.MigrateFlags(attestFile),
+		Name:      "attest",
+		Usage:     "Attest that a js-file is to be used",
+		ArgsUsage: "<sha256sum>",
+		Flags: []cli.Flag{
+			logLevelFlag,
+			configdirFlag,
+			signerSecretFlag,
+		},
+		Description: `
+The attest command stores the sha256 of the rule.js-file that you want to use for automatic processing of 
+incoming requests. 
+
+Whenever you make an edit to the rule file, you need to use attestation to tell 
+Clef that the file is 'safe' to execute.`,
+	}
+
+	addCredentialCommand = cli.Command{
+		Action:    utils.MigrateFlags(addCredential),
+		Name:      "addpw",
+		Usage:     "Store a credential for a keystore file",
+		ArgsUsage: "<address> <password>",
+		Flags: []cli.Flag{
+			logLevelFlag,
+			configdirFlag,
+			signerSecretFlag,
+		},
+		Description: `
+The addpw command stores a password for a given address (keyfile). If you invoke it with only one parameter, it will 
+remove any stored credential for that address (keyfile)
+`,
+	}
+)
+
+func init() {
+	app.Name = "Clef"
+	app.Usage = "Manage Ethereum account operations"
+	app.Flags = []cli.Flag{
+		logLevelFlag,
+		keystoreFlag,
+		configdirFlag,
+		utils.NetworkIdFlag,
+		utils.LightKDFFlag,
+		utils.NoUSBFlag,
+		utils.RPCListenAddrFlag,
+		utils.RPCVirtualHostsFlag,
+		utils.IPCDisabledFlag,
+		utils.IPCPathFlag,
+		utils.RPCEnabledFlag,
+		rpcPortFlag,
+		signerSecretFlag,
+		dBFlag,
+		customDBFlag,
+		auditLogFlag,
+		ruleFlag,
+		stdiouiFlag,
+		testFlag,
+	}
+	app.Action = signer
+	app.Commands = []cli.Command{initCommand, attestCommand, addCredentialCommand}
+
+}
+func main() {
+	if err := app.Run(os.Args); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+}
+
+func initializeSecrets(c *cli.Context) error {
+	if err := initialize(c); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	configDir := c.String(configdirFlag.Name)
+
+	masterSeed := make([]byte, 256)
+	n, err := io.ReadFull(rand.Reader, masterSeed)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if n != len(masterSeed) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read enough random")
+	}
+	err = os.Mkdir(configDir, 0700)
+	if err != nil && !os.IsExist(err) {
+		return err
+	}
+	location := filepath.Join(configDir, "secrets.dat")
+	if _, err := os.Stat(location); err == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("file %v already exists, will not overwrite", location)
+	}
+	err = ioutil.WriteFile(location, masterSeed, 0700)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("A master seed has been generated into %s\n", location)
+	fmt.Printf(`
+This is required to be able to store credentials, such as : 
+* Passwords for keystores (used by rule engine)
+* Storage for javascript rules
+* Hash of rule-file
+
+You should treat that file with utmost secrecy, and make a backup of it. 
+NOTE: This file does not contain your accounts. Those need to be backed up separately!
+
+`)
+	return nil
+}
+func attestFile(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+	if len(ctx.Args()) < 1 {
+		utils.Fatalf("This command requires an argument.")
+	}
+	if err := initialize(ctx); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	stretchedKey, err := readMasterKey(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		utils.Fatalf(err.Error())
+	}
+	configDir := ctx.String(configdirFlag.Name)
+	vaultLocation := filepath.Join(configDir, common.Bytes2Hex(crypto.Keccak256([]byte("vault"), stretchedKey)[:10]))
+	confKey := crypto.Keccak256([]byte("config"), stretchedKey)
+
+	// Initialize the encrypted storages
+	configStorage := storage.NewAESEncryptedStorage(filepath.Join(vaultLocation, "config.json"), confKey)
+	val := ctx.Args().First()
+	configStorage.Put("ruleset_sha256", val)
+	log.Info("Ruleset attestation updated", "sha256", val)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func addCredential(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+	if len(ctx.Args()) < 1 {
+		utils.Fatalf("This command requires at leaste one argument.")
+	}
+	if err := initialize(ctx); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	stretchedKey, err := readMasterKey(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		utils.Fatalf(err.Error())
+	}
+	configDir := ctx.String(configdirFlag.Name)
+	vaultLocation := filepath.Join(configDir, common.Bytes2Hex(crypto.Keccak256([]byte("vault"), stretchedKey)[:10]))
+	pwkey := crypto.Keccak256([]byte("credentials"), stretchedKey)
+
+	// Initialize the encrypted storages
+	pwStorage := storage.NewAESEncryptedStorage(filepath.Join(vaultLocation, "credentials.json"), pwkey)
+	key := ctx.Args().First()
+	value := ""
+	if len(ctx.Args()) > 1 {
+		value = ctx.Args().Get(1)
+	}
+	pwStorage.Put(key, value)
+	log.Info("Credential store updated", "key", key)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func initialize(c *cli.Context) error {
+	// Set up the logger to print everything
+	logOutput := os.Stdout
+	if c.Bool(stdiouiFlag.Name) {
+		logOutput = os.Stderr
+		// If using the stdioui, we can't do the 'confirm'-flow
+		fmt.Fprintf(logOutput, legalWarning)
+	} else {
+		if !confirm(legalWarning) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("aborted by user")
+		}
+	}
+
+	log.Root().SetHandler(log.LvlFilterHandler(log.Lvl(c.Int(logLevelFlag.Name)), log.StreamHandler(logOutput, log.TerminalFormat(true))))
+	return nil
+}
+
+func signer(c *cli.Context) error {
+	if err := initialize(c); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	var (
+		ui core.SignerUI
+	)
+	if c.Bool(stdiouiFlag.Name) {
+		log.Info("Using stdin/stdout as UI-channel")
+		ui = core.NewStdIOUI()
+	} else {
+		log.Info("Using CLI as UI-channel")
+		ui = core.NewCommandlineUI()
+	}
+	db, err := core.NewAbiDBFromFiles(c.String(dBFlag.Name), c.String(customDBFlag.Name))
+	if err != nil {
+		utils.Fatalf(err.Error())
+	}
+	log.Info("Loaded 4byte db", "signatures", db.Size(), "file", c.String("4bytedb"))
+
+	var (
+		api core.ExternalAPI
+	)
+
+	configDir := c.String(configdirFlag.Name)
+	if stretchedKey, err := readMasterKey(c); err != nil {
+		log.Info("No master seed provided, rules disabled")
+	} else {
+
+		if err != nil {
+			utils.Fatalf(err.Error())
+		}
+		vaultLocation := filepath.Join(configDir, common.Bytes2Hex(crypto.Keccak256([]byte("vault"), stretchedKey)[:10]))
+
+		// Generate domain specific keys
+		pwkey := crypto.Keccak256([]byte("credentials"), stretchedKey)
+		jskey := crypto.Keccak256([]byte("jsstorage"), stretchedKey)
+		confkey := crypto.Keccak256([]byte("config"), stretchedKey)
+
+		// Initialize the encrypted storages
+		pwStorage := storage.NewAESEncryptedStorage(filepath.Join(vaultLocation, "credentials.json"), pwkey)
+		jsStorage := storage.NewAESEncryptedStorage(filepath.Join(vaultLocation, "jsstorage.json"), jskey)
+		configStorage := storage.NewAESEncryptedStorage(filepath.Join(vaultLocation, "config.json"), confkey)
+
+		//Do we have a rule-file?
+		ruleJS, err := ioutil.ReadFile(c.String(ruleFlag.Name))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Info("Could not load rulefile, rules not enabled", "file", "rulefile")
+		} else {
+			hasher := sha256.New()
+			hasher.Write(ruleJS)
+			shasum := hasher.Sum(nil)
+			storedShasum := configStorage.Get("ruleset_sha256")
+			if storedShasum != hex.EncodeToString(shasum) {
+				log.Info("Could not validate ruleset hash, rules not enabled", "got", hex.EncodeToString(shasum), "expected", storedShasum)
+			} else {
+				// Initialize rules
+				ruleEngine, err := rules.NewRuleEvaluator(ui, jsStorage, pwStorage)
+				if err != nil {
+					utils.Fatalf(err.Error())
+				}
+				ruleEngine.Init(string(ruleJS))
+				ui = ruleEngine
+				log.Info("Rule engine configured", "file", c.String(ruleFlag.Name))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	apiImpl := core.NewSignerAPI(
+		c.Int64(utils.NetworkIdFlag.Name),
+		c.String(keystoreFlag.Name),
+		c.Bool(utils.NoUSBFlag.Name),
+		ui, db,
+		c.Bool(utils.LightKDFFlag.Name))
+
+	api = apiImpl
+
+	// Audit logging
+	if logfile := c.String(auditLogFlag.Name); logfile != "" {
+		api, err = core.NewAuditLogger(logfile, api)
+		if err != nil {
+			utils.Fatalf(err.Error())
+		}
+		log.Info("Audit logs configured", "file", logfile)
+	}
+	// register signer API with server
+	var (
+		extapiUrl = "n/a"
+		ipcApiUrl = "n/a"
+	)
+	rpcApi := []rpc.API{
+		{
+			Namespace: "account",
+			Public:    true,
+			Service:   api,
+			Version:   "1.0"},
+	}
+	if c.Bool(utils.RPCEnabledFlag.Name) {
+
+		vhosts := splitAndTrim(c.GlobalString(utils.RPCVirtualHostsFlag.Name))
+		cors := splitAndTrim(c.GlobalString(utils.RPCCORSDomainFlag.Name))
+
+		// start http server
+		httpEndpoint := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", c.String(utils.RPCListenAddrFlag.Name), c.Int(rpcPortFlag.Name))
+		listener, _, err := rpc.StartHTTPEndpoint(httpEndpoint, rpcApi, []string{"account"}, cors, vhosts)
+		if err != nil {
+			utils.Fatalf("Could not start RPC api: %v", err)
+		}
+		extapiUrl = fmt.Sprintf("http://%s", httpEndpoint)
+		log.Info("HTTP endpoint opened", "url", extapiUrl)
+
+		defer func() {
+			listener.Close()
+			log.Info("HTTP endpoint closed", "url", httpEndpoint)
+		}()
+
+	}
+	if !c.Bool(utils.IPCDisabledFlag.Name) {
+		if c.IsSet(utils.IPCPathFlag.Name) {
+			ipcApiUrl = c.String(utils.IPCPathFlag.Name)
+		} else {
+			ipcApiUrl = filepath.Join(configDir, "clef.ipc")
+		}
+
+		listener, _, err := rpc.StartIPCEndpoint(ipcApiUrl, rpcApi)
+		if err != nil {
+			utils.Fatalf("Could not start IPC api: %v", err)
+		}
+		log.Info("IPC endpoint opened", "url", ipcApiUrl)
+		defer func() {
+			listener.Close()
+			log.Info("IPC endpoint closed", "url", ipcApiUrl)
+		}()
+
+	}
+
+	if c.Bool(testFlag.Name) {
+		log.Info("Performing UI test")
+		go testExternalUI(apiImpl)
+	}
+	ui.OnSignerStartup(core.StartupInfo{
+		Info: map[string]interface{}{
+			"extapi_version": ExternalApiVersion,
+			"intapi_version": InternalApiVersion,
+			"extapi_http":    extapiUrl,
+			"extapi_ipc":     ipcApiUrl,
+		},
+	})
+
+	abortChan := make(chan os.Signal)
+	signal.Notify(abortChan, os.Interrupt)
+
+	sig := <-abortChan
+	log.Info("Exiting...", "signal", sig)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// splitAndTrim splits input separated by a comma
+// and trims excessive white space from the substrings.
+func splitAndTrim(input string) []string {
+	result := strings.Split(input, ",")
+	for i, r := range result {
+		result[i] = strings.TrimSpace(r)
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+// DefaultConfigDir is the default config directory to use for the vaults and other
+// persistence requirements.
+func DefaultConfigDir() string {
+	// Try to place the data folder in the user's home dir
+	home := homeDir()
+	if home != "" {
+		if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
+			return filepath.Join(home, "Library", "Signer")
+		} else if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+			return filepath.Join(home, "AppData", "Roaming", "Signer")
+		} else {
+			return filepath.Join(home, ".clef")
+		}
+	}
+	// As we cannot guess a stable location, return empty and handle later
+	return ""
+}
+
+func homeDir() string {
+	if home := os.Getenv("HOME"); home != "" {
+		return home
+	}
+	if usr, err := user.Current(); err == nil {
+		return usr.HomeDir
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+func readMasterKey(ctx *cli.Context) ([]byte, error) {
+	var (
+		file      string
+		configDir = ctx.String(configdirFlag.Name)
+	)
+	if ctx.IsSet(signerSecretFlag.Name) {
+		file = ctx.String(signerSecretFlag.Name)
+	} else {
+		file = filepath.Join(configDir, "secrets.dat")
+	}
+	if err := checkFile(file); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	masterKey, err := ioutil.ReadFile(file)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(masterKey) < 256 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("master key of insufficient length, expected >255 bytes, got %d", len(masterKey))
+	}
+	// Create vault location
+	vaultLocation := filepath.Join(configDir, common.Bytes2Hex(crypto.Keccak256([]byte("vault"), masterKey)[:10]))
+	err = os.Mkdir(vaultLocation, 0700)
+	if err != nil && !os.IsExist(err) {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	//!TODO, use KDF to stretch the master key
+	//			stretched_key := stretch_key(master_key)
+
+	return masterKey, nil
+}
+
+// checkFile is a convenience function to check if a file
+// * exists
+// * is mode 0600
+func checkFile(filename string) error {
+	info, err := os.Stat(filename)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed stat on %s: %v", filename, err)
+	}
+	// Check the unix permission bits
+	if info.Mode().Perm()&077 != 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("file (%v) has insecure file permissions (%v)", filename, info.Mode().String())
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// confirm displays a text and asks for user confirmation
+func confirm(text string) bool {
+	fmt.Printf(text)
+	fmt.Printf("\nEnter 'ok' to proceed:\n>")
+
+	text, err := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin).ReadString('\n')
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Crit("Failed to read user input", "err", err)
+	}
+
+	if text := strings.TrimSpace(text); text == "ok" {
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func testExternalUI(api *core.SignerAPI) {
+
+	ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), "remote", "clef binary")
+	ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, "scheme", "in-proc")
+	ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, "local", "main")
+
+	errs := make([]string, 0)
+
+	api.UI.ShowInfo("Testing 'ShowInfo'")
+	api.UI.ShowError("Testing 'ShowError'")
+
+	checkErr := func(method string, err error) {
+		if err != nil && err != core.ErrRequestDenied {
+			errs = append(errs, fmt.Sprintf("%v: %v", method, err.Error()))
+		}
+	}
+	var err error
+
+	_, err = api.SignTransaction(ctx, core.SendTxArgs{From: common.MixedcaseAddress{}}, nil)
+	checkErr("SignTransaction", err)
+	_, err = api.Sign(ctx, common.MixedcaseAddress{}, common.Hex2Bytes("01020304"))
+	checkErr("Sign", err)
+	_, err = api.List(ctx)
+	checkErr("List", err)
+	_, err = api.New(ctx)
+	checkErr("New", err)
+	_, err = api.Export(ctx, common.Address{})
+	checkErr("Export", err)
+	_, err = api.Import(ctx, json.RawMessage{})
+	checkErr("Import", err)
+
+	api.UI.ShowInfo("Tests completed")
+
+	if len(errs) > 0 {
+		log.Error("Got errors")
+		for _, e := range errs {
+			log.Error(e)
+		}
+	} else {
+		log.Info("No errors")
+	}
+
+}
+
+/**
+//Create Account
+
+curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"account_new","params":["test"],"id":67}' localhost:8550
+
+// List accounts
+
+curl -i -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"account_list","params":[""],"id":67}' http://localhost:8550/
+
+// Make Transaction
+// safeSend(0x12)
+// 4401a6e40000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000012
+
+// supplied abi
+curl -i -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"account_signTransaction","params":[{"from":"0x82A2A876D39022B3019932D30Cd9c97ad5616813","gas":"0x333","gasPrice":"0x123","nonce":"0x0","to":"0x07a565b7ed7d7a678680a4c162885bedbb695fe0", "value":"0x10", "data":"0x4401a6e40000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000012"},"test"],"id":67}' http://localhost:8550/
+
+// Not supplied
+curl -i -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"account_signTransaction","params":[{"from":"0x82A2A876D39022B3019932D30Cd9c97ad5616813","gas":"0x333","gasPrice":"0x123","nonce":"0x0","to":"0x07a565b7ed7d7a678680a4c162885bedbb695fe0", "value":"0x10", "data":"0x4401a6e40000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000012"}],"id":67}' http://localhost:8550/
+
+// Sign data
+
+curl -i -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"account_sign","params":["0x694267f14675d7e1b9494fd8d72fefe1755710fa","bazonk gaz baz"],"id":67}' http://localhost:8550/
+
+
+**/

cmd/clef/pythonsigner.py

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+import os,sys, subprocess
+from tinyrpc.transports import ServerTransport
+from tinyrpc.protocols.jsonrpc import JSONRPCProtocol
+from tinyrpc.dispatch import public,RPCDispatcher
+from tinyrpc.server import RPCServer
+
+""" This is a POC example of how to write a custom UI for Clef. The UI starts the
+clef process with the '--stdio-ui' option, and communicates with clef using standard input / output.
+
+The standard input/output is a relatively secure way to communicate, as it does not require opening any ports
+or IPC files. Needless to say, it does not protect against memory inspection mechanisms where an attacker
+can access process memory."""
+
+try:
+    import urllib.parse as urlparse
+except ImportError:
+    import urllib as urlparse
+
+class StdIOTransport(ServerTransport):
+    """ Uses std input/output for RPC """
+    def receive_message(self):
+        return None, urlparse.unquote(sys.stdin.readline())
+
+    def send_reply(self, context, reply):
+        print(reply)
+
+class PipeTransport(ServerTransport):
+    """ Uses std a pipe for RPC """
+
+    def __init__(self,input, output):
+        self.input = input
+        self.output = output
+
+    def receive_message(self):
+        data = self.input.readline()
+        print(">> {}".format( data))
+        return None, urlparse.unquote(data)
+
+    def send_reply(self, context, reply):
+        print("<< {}".format( reply))
+        self.output.write(reply)
+        self.output.write("\n")
+
+class StdIOHandler():
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        pass
+
+    @public
+    def ApproveTx(self,req):
+        """
+        Example request:
+        {
+            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+            "method": "ApproveTx",
+            "params": [{
+                "transaction": {
+                    "to": "0xae967917c465db8578ca9024c205720b1a3651A9",
+                    "gas": "0x333",
+                    "gasPrice": "0x123",
+                    "value": "0x10",
+                    "data": "0xd7a5865800000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000ff",
+                    "nonce": "0x0"
+                },
+                "from": "0xAe967917c465db8578ca9024c205720b1a3651A9",
+                "call_info": "Warning! Could not validate ABI-data against calldata\nSupplied ABI spec does not contain method signature in data: 0xd7a58658",
+                "meta": {
+                    "remote": "127.0.0.1:34572",
+                    "local": "localhost:8550",
+                    "scheme": "HTTP/1.1"
+                }
+            }],
+            "id": 1
+        }
+
+        :param transaction: transaction info
+        :param call_info: info abou the call, e.g. if ABI info could not be
+        :param meta: metadata about the request, e.g. where the call comes from
+        :return: 
+        """
+        transaction = req.get('transaction')
+        _from       = req.get('from')
+        call_info   = req.get('call_info')
+        meta        = req.get('meta')
+
+        return {
+            "approved" : False,
+            #"transaction" : transaction,
+  #          "from" : _from,
+#            "password" : None,
+        }
+
+    @public
+    def ApproveSignData(self, req):
+        """ Example request
+
+        """
+        return {"approved": False, "password" : None}
+
+    @public
+    def ApproveExport(self, req):
+        """ Example request
+
+        """
+        return {"approved" : False}
+
+    @public
+    def ApproveImport(self, req):
+        """ Example request
+
+        """
+        return { "approved" : False, "old_password": "", "new_password": ""}
+
+    @public
+    def ApproveListing(self, req):
+        """ Example request
+
+        """
+        return {'accounts': []}
+
+    @public
+    def ApproveNewAccount(self, req):
+        """
+        Example request
+
+        :return:
+        """
+        return {"approved": False,
+                #"password": ""
+                }
+
+    @public
+    def ShowError(self,message = {}):
+        """
+        Example request:
+
+        {"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"ShowInfo","params":{"message":"Testing 'ShowError'"},"id":1}
+
+        :param message: to show
+        :return: nothing
+        """
+        if 'text' in message.keys():
+            sys.stderr.write("Error: {}\n".format( message['text']))
+        return
+
+    @public
+    def ShowInfo(self,message = {}):
+        """
+        Example request
+        {"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"ShowInfo","params":{"message":"Testing 'ShowInfo'"},"id":0}
+
+        :param message: to display
+        :return:nothing
+        """
+
+        if 'text' in message.keys():
+            sys.stdout.write("Error: {}\n".format( message['text']))
+        return
+
+def main(args):
+
+    cmd = ["./clef", "--stdio-ui"]
+    if len(args) > 0 and args[0] == "test":
+        cmd.extend(["--stdio-ui-test"])
+    print("cmd: {}".format(" ".join(cmd)))
+    dispatcher = RPCDispatcher()
+    dispatcher.register_instance(StdIOHandler(), '')
+    # line buffered
+    p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, bufsize=1, universal_newlines=True, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
+
+    rpc_server = RPCServer(
+        PipeTransport(p.stdout, p.stdin),
+        JSONRPCProtocol(),
+        dispatcher
+    )
+    rpc_server.serve_forever()
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main(sys.argv[1:])

cmd/clef/rules.md

@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+# Rules
+
+The `signer` binary contains a ruleset engine, implemented with [OttoVM](https://github.com/robertkrimen/otto)
+
+It enables usecases like the following:
+
+* I want to auto-approve transactions with contract `CasinoDapp`, with up to `0.05 ether` in value to maximum `1 ether` per 24h period
+* I want to auto-approve transaction to contract `EthAlarmClock` with `data`=`0xdeadbeef`, if `value=0`, `gas < 44k` and `gasPrice < 40Gwei`
+
+The two main features that are required for this to work well are;
+
+1. Rule Implementation: how to create, manage and interpret rules in a flexible but secure manner
+2. Credential managements and credentials; how to provide auto-unlock without exposing keys unnecessarily.
+
+The section below deals with both of them
+
+## Rule Implementation
+
+A ruleset file is implemented as a `js` file. Under the hood, the ruleset-engine is a `SignerUI`, implementing the same methods as the `json-rpc` methods
+defined in the UI protocol. Example:
+
+```javascript
+
+function asBig(str){
+    if(str.slice(0,2) == "0x"){ return new BigNumber(str.slice(2),16)}
+    return new BigNumber(str)
+}
+
+// Approve transactions to a certain contract if value is below a certain limit
+function ApproveTx(req){
+
+    var limit = big.Newint("0xb1a2bc2ec50000")
+	var value = asBig(req.transaction.value);
+
+	if(req.transaction.to.toLowerCase()=="0xae967917c465db8578ca9024c205720b1a3651a9")
+	    && value.lt(limit) ){
+	    return "Approve"
+	 }
+    // If we return "Reject", it will be rejected.
+    // By not returning anything, it will be passed to the next UI, for manual processing
+}
+
+//Approve listings if request made from IPC
+function ApproveListing(req){
+    if (req.metadata.scheme == "ipc"){ return "Approve"}
+}
+
+```
+
+Whenever the external API is called (and the ruleset is enabled), the `signer` calls the UI, which is an instance of a ruleset-engine. The ruleset-engine
+invokes the corresponding method. In doing so, there are three possible outcomes:
+
+1. JS returns "Approve"
+  * Auto-approve request
+2. JS returns "Reject"
+  * Auto-reject request
+3. Error occurs, or something else is returned
+  * Pass on to `next` ui: the regular UI channel.
+
+A more advanced example can be found below, "Example 1: ruleset for a rate-limited window", using `storage` to `Put` and `Get` `string`s by key.
+
+* At the time of writing, storage only exists as an ephemeral unencrypted implementation, to be used during testing.
+
+### Things to note
+
+The Otto vm has a few [caveats](https://github.com/robertkrimen/otto):
+
+* "use strict" will parse, but does nothing.
+* The regular expression engine (re2/regexp) is not fully compatible with the ECMA5 specification.
+* Otto targets ES5. ES6 features (eg: Typed Arrays) are not supported.
+
+Additionally, a few more have been added
+
+* The rule execution cannot load external javascript files.
+* The only preloaded libary is [`bignumber.js`](https://github.com/MikeMcl/bignumber.js) version `2.0.3`. This one is fairly old, and is not aligned with the documentation at the github repository.
+* Each invocation is made in a fresh virtual machine. This means that you cannot store data in global variables between invocations. This is a deliberate choice -- if you want to store data, use the disk-backed `storage`, since rules should not rely on ephemeral data.
+* Javascript API parameters are _always_ an object. This is also a design choice, to ensure that parameters are accessed by _key_ and not by order. This is to prevent mistakes due to missing parameters or parameter changes.
+* The JS engine has access to `storage` and `console`.
+
+#### Security considerations
+
+##### Security of ruleset
+
+Some security precautions can be made, such as:
+
+* Never load `ruleset.js` unless the file is `readonly` (`r-??-??-?`). If the user wishes to modify the ruleset, he must make it writeable and then set back to readonly.
+  * This is to prevent attacks where files are dropped on the users disk.
+* Since we're going to have to have some form of secure storage (not defined in this section), we could also store the `sha3` of the `ruleset.js` file in there.
+  * If the user wishes to modify the ruleset, he'd then have to perform e.g. `signer --attest /path/to/ruleset --credential <creds>`
+
+##### Security of implementation
+
+The drawbacks of this very flexible solution is that the `signer` needs to contain a javascript engine. This is pretty simple to implement, since it's already
+implemented for `geth`. There are no known security vulnerabilities in, nor have we had any security-problems with it so far.
+
+The javascript engine would be an added attack surface; but if the validation of `rulesets` is made good (with hash-based attestation), the actual javascript cannot be considered
+an attack surface -- if an attacker can control the ruleset, a much simpler attack would be to implement an "always-approve" rule instead of exploiting the js vm. The only benefit
+to be gained from attacking the actual `signer` process from the `js` side would be if it could somehow extract cryptographic keys from memory.
+
+##### Security in usability
+
+Javascript is flexible, but also easy to get wrong, especially when users assume that `js` can handle large integers natively. Typical errors
+include trying to multiply `gasCost` with `gas` without using `bigint`:s.
+
+It's unclear whether any other DSL could be more secure; since there's always the possibility of erroneously implementing a rule.
+
+
+## Credential management
+
+The ability to auto-approve transaction means that the signer needs to have necessary credentials to decrypt keyfiles. These passwords are hereafter called `ksp` (keystore pass).
+
+### Example implementation
+
+Upon startup of the signer, the signer is given a switch: `--seed <path/to/masterseed>`
+The `seed` contains a blob of bytes, which is the master seed for the `signer`.
+
+The `signer` uses the `seed` to:
+
+* Generate the `path` where the settings are stored.
+  * `./settings/1df094eb-c2b1-4689-90dd-790046d38025/vault.dat`
+  * `./settings/1df094eb-c2b1-4689-90dd-790046d38025/rules.js`
+* Generate the encryption password for `vault.dat`.
+
+The `vault.dat` would be an encrypted container storing the following information:
+
+* `ksp` entries
+* `sha256` hash of `rules.js`
+* Information about pair:ed callers (not yet specified)
+
+### Security considerations
+
+This would leave it up to the user to ensure that the `path/to/masterseed` is handled in a secure way. It's difficult to get around this, although one could
+imagine leveraging OS-level keychains where supported. The setup is however in general similar to how ssh-keys are  stored in `.ssh/`.
+
+
+# Implementation status
+
+This is now implemented (with ephemeral non-encrypted storage for now, so not yet enabled).
+
+## Example 1: ruleset for a rate-limited window
+
+
+```javascript
+
+	function big(str){
+		if(str.slice(0,2) == "0x"){ return new BigNumber(str.slice(2),16)}
+		return new BigNumber(str)
+	}
+
+	// Time window: 1 week
+	var window = 1000* 3600*24*7;
+
+	// Limit : 1 ether
+	var limit = new BigNumber("1e18");
+
+	function isLimitOk(transaction){
+		var value = big(transaction.value)
+		// Start of our window function
+		var windowstart = new Date().getTime() - window;
+
+		var txs = [];
+		var stored = storage.Get('txs');
+
+		if(stored != ""){
+			txs = JSON.parse(stored)
+		}
+		// First, remove all that have passed out of the time-window
+		var newtxs = txs.filter(function(tx){return tx.tstamp > windowstart});
+		console.log(txs, newtxs.length);
+
+		// Secondly, aggregate the current sum
+		sum = new BigNumber(0)
+
+		sum = newtxs.reduce(function(agg, tx){ return big(tx.value).plus(agg)}, sum);
+		console.log("ApproveTx > Sum so far", sum);
+		console.log("ApproveTx > Requested", value.toNumber());
+
+		// Would we exceed weekly limit ?
+		return sum.plus(value).lt(limit)
+
+	}
+	function ApproveTx(r){
+		if (isLimitOk(r.transaction)){
+			return "Approve"
+		}
+		return "Nope"
+	}
+
+	/**
+	* OnApprovedTx(str) is called when a transaction has been approved and signed. The parameter
+ 	* 'response_str' contains the return value that will be sent to the external caller.
+	* The return value from this method is ignore - the reason for having this callback is to allow the
+	* ruleset to keep track of approved transactions.
+	*
+	* When implementing rate-limited rules, this callback should be used.
+	* If a rule responds with neither 'Approve' nor 'Reject' - the tx goes to manual processing. If the user
+	* then accepts the transaction, this method will be called.
+	*
+	* TLDR; Use this method to keep track of signed transactions, instead of using the data in ApproveTx.
+	*/
+ 	function OnApprovedTx(resp){
+		var value = big(resp.tx.value)
+		var txs = []
+		// Load stored transactions
+		var stored = storage.Get('txs');
+		if(stored != ""){
+			txs = JSON.parse(stored)
+		}
+		// Add this to the storage
+		txs.push({tstamp: new Date().getTime(), value: value});
+		storage.Put("txs", JSON.stringify(txs));
+	}
+
+```
+
+## Example 2: allow destination
+
+```javascript
+
+	function ApproveTx(r){
+		if(r.transaction.from.toLowerCase()=="0x0000000000000000000000000000000000001337"){ return "Approve"}
+		if(r.transaction.from.toLowerCase()=="0x000000000000000000000000000000000000dead"){ return "Reject"}
+		// Otherwise goes to manual processing
+	}
+
+```
+
+## Example 3: Allow listing
+
+```javascript
+
+    function ApproveListing(){
+        return "Approve"
+    }
+
+```

cmd/clef/tutorial.md

@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+## Initializing the signer
+
+First, initialize the master seed.
+
+```text
+#./signer init
+
+WARNING!
+
+The signer is alpha software, and not yet publically released. This software has _not_ been audited, and there
+are no guarantees about the workings of this software. It may contain severe flaws. You should not use this software
+unless you agree to take full responsibility for doing so, and know what you are doing.
+
+TLDR; THIS IS NOT PRODUCTION-READY SOFTWARE!
+
+
+Enter 'ok' to proceed:
+>ok
+A master seed has been generated into /home/martin/.signer/secrets.dat
+
+This is required to be able to store credentials, such as :
+* Passwords for keystores (used by rule engine)
+* Storage for javascript rules
+* Hash of rule-file
+
+You should treat that file with utmost secrecy, and make a backup of it.
+NOTE: This file does not contain your accounts. Those need to be backed up separately!
+```
+
+(for readability purposes, we'll remove the WARNING printout in the rest of this document)
+
+## Creating rules
+
+Now, you can create a rule-file.
+
+```javascript
+function ApproveListing(){
+    return "Approve"
+}
+```
+Get the `sha256` hash....
+```text
+#sha256sum rules.js
+6c21d1737429d6d4f2e55146da0797782f3c0a0355227f19d702df377c165d72  rules.js
+```
+...And then `attest` the file:
+```text
+#./signer attest 6c21d1737429d6d4f2e55146da0797782f3c0a0355227f19d702df377c165d72
+
+INFO [02-21|12:14:38] Ruleset attestation updated              sha256=6c21d1737429d6d4f2e55146da0797782f3c0a0355227f19d702df377c165d72
+```
+At this point, we then start the signer with the rule-file:
+
+```text
+#./signer --rules rules.json
+
+INFO [02-21|12:15:18] Using CLI as UI-channel
+INFO [02-21|12:15:18] Loaded 4byte db                          signatures=5509 file=./4byte.json
+INFO [02-21|12:15:18] Could not load rulefile, rules not enabled file=rulefile
+DEBUG[02-21|12:15:18] FS scan times                            list=35.335µs set=5.536µs diff=5.073µs
+DEBUG[02-21|12:15:18] Ledger support enabled
+DEBUG[02-21|12:15:18] Trezor support enabled
+INFO [02-21|12:15:18] Audit logs configured                    file=audit.log
+INFO [02-21|12:15:18] HTTP endpoint opened                     url=http://localhost:8550
+------- Signer info -------
+* extapi_http : http://localhost:8550
+* extapi_ipc : <nil>
+* extapi_version : 2.0.0
+* intapi_version : 1.2.0
+
+```
+
+Any list-requests will now be auto-approved by our rule-file.
+
+## Under the hood
+
+While doing the operations above, these files have been created:
+
+```text
+#ls -laR ~/.signer/
+/home/martin/.signer/:
+total 16
+drwx------  3 martin martin 4096 feb 21 12:14 .
+drwxr-xr-x 71 martin martin 4096 feb 21 12:12 ..
+drwx------  2 martin martin 4096 feb 21 12:14 43f73718397aa54d1b22
+-rwx------  1 martin martin  256 feb 21 12:12 secrets.dat
+
+/home/martin/.signer/43f73718397aa54d1b22:
+total 12
+drwx------ 2 martin martin 4096 feb 21 12:14 .
+drwx------ 3 martin martin 4096 feb 21 12:14 ..
+-rw------- 1 martin martin  159 feb 21 12:14 config.json
+
+#cat /home/martin/.signer/43f73718397aa54d1b22/config.json
+{"ruleset_sha256":{"iv":"6v4W4tfJxj3zZFbl","c":"6dt5RTDiTq93yh1qDEjpsat/tsKG7cb+vr3sza26IPL2fvsQ6ZoqFx++CPUa8yy6fD9Bbq41L01ehkKHTG3pOAeqTW6zc/+t0wv3AB6xPmU="}}
+
+```
+
+In `~/.signer`, the `secrets.dat` file was created, containing the `master_seed`.
+The `master_seed` was then used to derive a few other things:
+
+- `vault_location` : in this case `43f73718397aa54d1b22` .
+   - Thus, if you use a different `master_seed`, another `vault_location` will be used that does not conflict with each other.
+   - Example: `signer --signersecret /path/to/afile ...`
+- `config.json` which is the encrypted key/value storage for configuration data, containing the key `ruleset_sha256`.
+
+
+## Adding credentials
+
+In order to make more useful rules; sign transactions, the signer needs access to the passwords needed to unlock keystores.
+
+```text
+#./signer addpw 0x694267f14675d7e1b9494fd8d72fefe1755710fa test
+
+INFO [02-21|13:43:21] Credential store updated                 key=0x694267f14675d7e1b9494fd8d72fefe1755710fa
+```
+## More advanced rules
+
+Now let's update the rules to make use of credentials
+
+```javascript
+function ApproveListing(){
+    return "Approve"
+}
+function ApproveSignData(r){
+    if( r.address.toLowerCase() == "0x694267f14675d7e1b9494fd8d72fefe1755710fa")
+    {
+        if(r.message.indexOf("bazonk") >= 0){
+            return "Approve"
+        }
+        return "Reject"
+    }
+    // Otherwise goes to manual processing
+}
+
+```
+In this example,
+* any requests to sign data with the account `0x694...` will be
+    * auto-approved if the message contains with `bazonk`,
+    * and auto-rejected if it does not.
+    * Any other signing-requests will be passed along for manual approve/reject.
+
+..attest the new file
+```text
+#sha256sum rules.js
+2a0cb661dacfc804b6e95d935d813fd17c0997a7170e4092ffbc34ca976acd9f  rules.js
+
+#./signer attest 2a0cb661dacfc804b6e95d935d813fd17c0997a7170e4092ffbc34ca976acd9f
+
+INFO [02-21|14:36:30] Ruleset attestation updated              sha256=2a0cb661dacfc804b6e95d935d813fd17c0997a7170e4092ffbc34ca976acd9f
+```
+
+And start the signer:
+
+```
+#./signer --rules rules.js
+
+INFO [02-21|14:41:56] Using CLI as UI-channel
+INFO [02-21|14:41:56] Loaded 4byte db                          signatures=5509 file=./4byte.json
+INFO [02-21|14:41:56] Rule engine configured                   file=rules.js
+DEBUG[02-21|14:41:56] FS scan times                            list=34.607µs set=4.509µs diff=4.87µs
+DEBUG[02-21|14:41:56] Ledger support enabled
+DEBUG[02-21|14:41:56] Trezor support enabled
+INFO [02-21|14:41:56] Audit logs configured                    file=audit.log
+INFO [02-21|14:41:56] HTTP endpoint opened                     url=http://localhost:8550
+------- Signer info -------
+* extapi_version : 2.0.0
+* intapi_version : 1.2.0
+* extapi_http : http://localhost:8550
+* extapi_ipc : <nil>
+INFO [02-21|14:41:56] error occurred during execution          error="ReferenceError: 'OnSignerStartup' is not defined"
+```
+And then test signing, once with `bazonk` and once without:
+
+```
+#curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST --data "{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"method\":\"account_sign\",\"params\":[\"0x694267f14675d7e1b9494fd8d72fefe1755710fa\",\"0x$(xxd -pu <<< '  bazonk baz gaz')\"],\"id\":67}" http://localhost:8550/
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":67,"result":"0x93e6161840c3ae1efc26dc68dedab6e8fc233bb3fefa1b4645dbf6609b93dace160572ea4ab33240256bb6d3dadb60dcd9c515d6374d3cf614ee897408d41d541c"}
+
+#curl -H "Content-Type: application/json" -X POST --data "{\"jsonrpc\":\"2.0\",\"method\":\"account_sign\",\"params\":[\"0x694267f14675d7e1b9494fd8d72fefe1755710fa\",\"0x$(xxd -pu <<< '  bonk baz gaz')\"],\"id\":67}" http://localhost:8550/
+{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":67,"error":{"code":-32000,"message":"Request denied"}}
+
+```
+
+Meanwhile, in the signer output:
+```text
+INFO [02-21|14:42:41] Op approved
+INFO [02-21|14:42:56] Op rejected
+```
+
+The signer also stores all traffic over the external API in a log file. The last 4 lines shows the two requests and their responses:
+
+```text
+#tail audit.log -n 4
+t=2018-02-21T14:42:41+0100 lvl=info msg=Sign       api=signer type=request  metadata="{\"remote\":\"127.0.0.1:49706\",\"local\":\"localhost:8550\",\"scheme\":\"HTTP/1.1\"}" addr="0x694267f14675d7e1b9494fd8d72fefe1755710fa [chksum INVALID]" data=202062617a6f6e6b2062617a2067617a0a
+t=2018-02-21T14:42:42+0100 lvl=info msg=Sign       api=signer type=response data=93e6161840c3ae1efc26dc68dedab6e8fc233bb3fefa1b4645dbf6609b93dace160572ea4ab33240256bb6d3dadb60dcd9c515d6374d3cf614ee897408d41d541c error=nil
+t=2018-02-21T14:42:56+0100 lvl=info msg=Sign       api=signer type=request  metadata="{\"remote\":\"127.0.0.1:49708\",\"local\":\"localhost:8550\",\"scheme\":\"HTTP/1.1\"}" addr="0x694267f14675d7e1b9494fd8d72fefe1755710fa [chksum INVALID]" data=2020626f6e6b2062617a2067617a0a
+t=2018-02-21T14:42:56+0100 lvl=info msg=Sign       api=signer type=response data=                                                                                                                                   error="Request denied"
+```

cmd/ethkey/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+ethkey
+======
+
+ethkey is a simple command-line tool for working with Ethereum keyfiles.
+
+
+# Usage
+
+### `ethkey generate`
+
+Generate a new keyfile.
+If you want to use an existing private key to use in the keyfile, it can be 
+specified by setting `--privatekey` with the location of the file containing the 
+private key.
+
+
+### `ethkey inspect <keyfile>`
+
+Print various information about the keyfile.
+Private key information can be printed by using the `--private` flag;
+make sure to use this feature with great caution!
+
+
+### `ethkey sign <keyfile> <message/file>`
+
+Sign the message with a keyfile.
+It is possible to refer to a file containing the message.
+
+
+### `ethkey verify <address> <signature> <message/file>`
+
+Verify the signature of the message.
+It is possible to refer to a file containing the message.
+
+
+## Passphrases
+
+For every command that uses a keyfile, you will be prompted to provide the 
+passphrase for decrypting the keyfile.  To avoid this message, it is possible
+to pass the passphrase by using the `--passphrase` flag pointing to a file that
+contains the passphrase.

cmd/ethkey/generate.go

@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+// Copyright 2017 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"crypto/ecdsa"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/keystore"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"github.com/pborman/uuid"
+	"gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1"
+)
+
+type outputGenerate struct {
+	Address      string
+	AddressEIP55 string
+}
+
+var commandGenerate = cli.Command{
+	Name:      "generate",
+	Usage:     "generate new keyfile",
+	ArgsUsage: "[ <keyfile> ]",
+	Description: `
+Generate a new keyfile.
+
+If you want to encrypt an existing private key, it can be specified by setting
+--privatekey with the location of the file containing the private key.
+`,
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		passphraseFlag,
+		jsonFlag,
+		cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:  "privatekey",
+			Usage: "file containing a raw private key to encrypt",
+		},
+	},
+	Action: func(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+		// Check if keyfile path given and make sure it doesn't already exist.
+		keyfilepath := ctx.Args().First()
+		if keyfilepath == "" {
+			keyfilepath = defaultKeyfileName
+		}
+		if _, err := os.Stat(keyfilepath); err == nil {
+			utils.Fatalf("Keyfile already exists at %s.", keyfilepath)
+		} else if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+			utils.Fatalf("Error checking if keyfile exists: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		var privateKey *ecdsa.PrivateKey
+		var err error
+		if file := ctx.String("privatekey"); file != "" {
+			// Load private key from file.
+			privateKey, err = crypto.LoadECDSA(file)
+			if err != nil {
+				utils.Fatalf("Can't load private key: %v", err)
+			}
+		} else {
+			// If not loaded, generate random.
+			privateKey, err = crypto.GenerateKey()
+			if err != nil {
+				utils.Fatalf("Failed to generate random private key: %v", err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Create the keyfile object with a random UUID.
+		id := uuid.NewRandom()
+		key := &keystore.Key{
+			Id:         id,
+			Address:    crypto.PubkeyToAddress(privateKey.PublicKey),
+			PrivateKey: privateKey,
+		}
+
+		// Encrypt key with passphrase.
+		passphrase := getPassPhrase(ctx, true)
+		keyjson, err := keystore.EncryptKey(key, passphrase, keystore.StandardScryptN, keystore.StandardScryptP)
+		if err != nil {
+			utils.Fatalf("Error encrypting key: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		// Store the file to disk.
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(keyfilepath), 0700); err != nil {
+			utils.Fatalf("Could not create directory %s", filepath.Dir(keyfilepath))
+		}
+		if err := ioutil.WriteFile(keyfilepath, keyjson, 0600); err != nil {
+			utils.Fatalf("Failed to write keyfile to %s: %v", keyfilepath, err)
+		}
+
+		// Output some information.
+		out := outputGenerate{
+			Address: key.Address.Hex(),
+		}
+		if ctx.Bool(jsonFlag.Name) {
+			mustPrintJSON(out)
+		} else {
+			fmt.Println("Address:", out.Address)
+		}
+		return nil
+	},
+}

cmd/ethkey/inspect.go

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+// Copyright 2017 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/keystore"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1"
+)
+
+type outputInspect struct {
+	Address    string
+	PublicKey  string
+	PrivateKey string
+}
+
+var commandInspect = cli.Command{
+	Name:      "inspect",
+	Usage:     "inspect a keyfile",
+	ArgsUsage: "<keyfile>",
+	Description: `
+Print various information about the keyfile.
+
+Private key information can be printed by using the --private flag;
+make sure to use this feature with great caution!`,
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		passphraseFlag,
+		jsonFlag,
+		cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:  "private",
+			Usage: "include the private key in the output",
+		},
+	},
+	Action: func(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+		keyfilepath := ctx.Args().First()
+
+		// Read key from file.
+		keyjson, err := ioutil.ReadFile(keyfilepath)
+		if err != nil {
+			utils.Fatalf("Failed to read the keyfile at '%s': %v", keyfilepath, err)
+		}
+
+		// Decrypt key with passphrase.
+		passphrase := getPassPhrase(ctx, false)
+		key, err := keystore.DecryptKey(keyjson, passphrase)
+		if err != nil {
+			utils.Fatalf("Error decrypting key: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		// Output all relevant information we can retrieve.
+		showPrivate := ctx.Bool("private")
+		out := outputInspect{
+			Address: key.Address.Hex(),
+			PublicKey: hex.EncodeToString(
+				crypto.FromECDSAPub(&key.PrivateKey.PublicKey)),
+		}
+		if showPrivate {
+			out.PrivateKey = hex.EncodeToString(crypto.FromECDSA(key.PrivateKey))
+		}
+
+		if ctx.Bool(jsonFlag.Name) {
+			mustPrintJSON(out)
+		} else {
+			fmt.Println("Address:       ", out.Address)
+			fmt.Println("Public key:    ", out.PublicKey)
+			if showPrivate {
+				fmt.Println("Private key:   ", out.PrivateKey)
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	},
+}

cmd/ethkey/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+// Copyright 2017 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
+	"gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1"
+)
+
+const (
+	defaultKeyfileName = "keyfile.json"
+)
+
+// Git SHA1 commit hash of the release (set via linker flags)
+var gitCommit = ""
+
+var app *cli.App
+
+func init() {
+	app = utils.NewApp(gitCommit, "an Ethereum key manager")
+	app.Commands = []cli.Command{
+		commandGenerate,
+		commandInspect,
+		commandSignMessage,
+		commandVerifyMessage,
+	}
+}
+
+// Commonly used command line flags.
+var (
+	passphraseFlag = cli.StringFlag{
+		Name:  "passwordfile",
+		Usage: "the file that contains the passphrase for the keyfile",
+	}
+	jsonFlag = cli.BoolFlag{
+		Name:  "json",
+		Usage: "output JSON instead of human-readable format",
+	}
+)
+
+func main() {
+	if err := app.Run(os.Args); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+}

cmd/ethkey/message.go

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+// Copyright 2017 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/keystore"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1"
+)
+
+type outputSign struct {
+	Signature string
+}
+
+var msgfileFlag = cli.StringFlag{
+	Name:  "msgfile",
+	Usage: "file containing the message to sign/verify",
+}
+
+var commandSignMessage = cli.Command{
+	Name:      "signmessage",
+	Usage:     "sign a message",
+	ArgsUsage: "<keyfile> <message>",
+	Description: `
+Sign the message with a keyfile.
+
+To sign a message contained in a file, use the --msgfile flag.
+`,
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		passphraseFlag,
+		jsonFlag,
+		msgfileFlag,
+	},
+	Action: func(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+		message := getMessage(ctx, 1)
+
+		// Load the keyfile.
+		keyfilepath := ctx.Args().First()
+		keyjson, err := ioutil.ReadFile(keyfilepath)
+		if err != nil {
+			utils.Fatalf("Failed to read the keyfile at '%s': %v", keyfilepath, err)
+		}
+
+		// Decrypt key with passphrase.
+		passphrase := getPassPhrase(ctx, false)
+		key, err := keystore.DecryptKey(keyjson, passphrase)
+		if err != nil {
+			utils.Fatalf("Error decrypting key: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		signature, err := crypto.Sign(signHash(message), key.PrivateKey)
+		if err != nil {
+			utils.Fatalf("Failed to sign message: %v", err)
+		}
+		out := outputSign{Signature: hex.EncodeToString(signature)}
+		if ctx.Bool(jsonFlag.Name) {
+			mustPrintJSON(out)
+		} else {
+			fmt.Println("Signature:", out.Signature)
+		}
+		return nil
+	},
+}
+
+type outputVerify struct {
+	Success            bool
+	RecoveredAddress   string
+	RecoveredPublicKey string
+}
+
+var commandVerifyMessage = cli.Command{
+	Name:      "verifymessage",
+	Usage:     "verify the signature of a signed message",
+	ArgsUsage: "<address> <signature> <message>",
+	Description: `
+Verify the signature of the message.
+It is possible to refer to a file containing the message.`,
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		jsonFlag,
+		msgfileFlag,
+	},
+	Action: func(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+		addressStr := ctx.Args().First()
+		signatureHex := ctx.Args().Get(1)
+		message := getMessage(ctx, 2)
+
+		if !common.IsHexAddress(addressStr) {
+			utils.Fatalf("Invalid address: %s", addressStr)
+		}
+		address := common.HexToAddress(addressStr)
+		signature, err := hex.DecodeString(signatureHex)
+		if err != nil {
+			utils.Fatalf("Signature encoding is not hexadecimal: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		recoveredPubkey, err := crypto.SigToPub(signHash(message), signature)
+		if err != nil || recoveredPubkey == nil {
+			utils.Fatalf("Signature verification failed: %v", err)
+		}
+		recoveredPubkeyBytes := crypto.FromECDSAPub(recoveredPubkey)
+		recoveredAddress := crypto.PubkeyToAddress(*recoveredPubkey)
+		success := address == recoveredAddress
+
+		out := outputVerify{
+			Success:            success,
+			RecoveredPublicKey: hex.EncodeToString(recoveredPubkeyBytes),
+			RecoveredAddress:   recoveredAddress.Hex(),
+		}
+		if ctx.Bool(jsonFlag.Name) {
+			mustPrintJSON(out)
+		} else {
+			if out.Success {
+				fmt.Println("Signature verification successful!")
+			} else {
+				fmt.Println("Signature verification failed!")
+			}
+			fmt.Println("Recovered public key:", out.RecoveredPublicKey)
+			fmt.Println("Recovered address:", out.RecoveredAddress)
+		}
+		return nil
+	},
+}
+
+func getMessage(ctx *cli.Context, msgarg int) []byte {
+	if file := ctx.String("msgfile"); file != "" {
+		if len(ctx.Args()) > msgarg {
+			utils.Fatalf("Can't use --msgfile and message argument at the same time.")
+		}
+		msg, err := ioutil.ReadFile(file)
+		if err != nil {
+			utils.Fatalf("Can't read message file: %v", err)
+		}
+		return msg
+	} else if len(ctx.Args()) == msgarg+1 {
+		return []byte(ctx.Args().Get(msgarg))
+	}
+	utils.Fatalf("Invalid number of arguments: want %d, got %d", msgarg+1, len(ctx.Args()))
+	return nil
+}

cmd/ethkey/message_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Copyright 2018 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestMessageSignVerify(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpdir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "ethkey-test")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("Can't create temporary directory:", err)
+	}
+	defer os.RemoveAll(tmpdir)
+
+	keyfile := filepath.Join(tmpdir, "the-keyfile")
+	message := "test message"
+
+	// Create the key.
+	generate := runEthkey(t, "generate", keyfile)
+	generate.Expect(`
+!! Unsupported terminal, password will be echoed.
+Passphrase: {{.InputLine "foobar"}}
+Repeat passphrase: {{.InputLine "foobar"}}
+`)
+	_, matches := generate.ExpectRegexp(`Address: (0x[0-9a-fA-F]{40})\n`)
+	address := matches[1]
+	generate.ExpectExit()
+
+	// Sign a message.
+	sign := runEthkey(t, "signmessage", keyfile, message)
+	sign.Expect(`
+!! Unsupported terminal, password will be echoed.
+Passphrase: {{.InputLine "foobar"}}
+`)
+	_, matches = sign.ExpectRegexp(`Signature: ([0-9a-f]+)\n`)
+	signature := matches[1]
+	sign.ExpectExit()
+
+	// Verify the message.
+	verify := runEthkey(t, "verifymessage", address, signature, message)
+	_, matches = verify.ExpectRegexp(`
+Signature verification successful!
+Recovered public key: [0-9a-f]+
+Recovered address: (0x[0-9a-fA-F]{40})
+`)
+	recovered := matches[1]
+	verify.ExpectExit()
+
+	if recovered != address {
+		t.Error("recovered address doesn't match generated key")
+	}
+}

cmd/ethkey/run_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// Copyright 2018 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/docker/docker/pkg/reexec"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/cmdtest"
+)
+
+type testEthkey struct {
+	*cmdtest.TestCmd
+}
+
+// spawns ethkey with the given command line args.
+func runEthkey(t *testing.T, args ...string) *testEthkey {
+	tt := new(testEthkey)
+	tt.TestCmd = cmdtest.NewTestCmd(t, tt)
+	tt.Run("ethkey-test", args...)
+	return tt
+}
+
+func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
+	// Run the app if we've been exec'd as "ethkey-test" in runEthkey.
+	reexec.Register("ethkey-test", func() {
+		if err := app.Run(os.Args); err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
+		os.Exit(0)
+	})
+	// check if we have been reexec'd
+	if reexec.Init() {
+		return
+	}
+	os.Exit(m.Run())
+}

cmd/ethkey/utils.go

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// Copyright 2017 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/ioutil"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/console"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
+	"gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1"
+)
+
+// getPassPhrase obtains a passphrase given by the user.  It first checks the
+// --passphrase command line flag and ultimately prompts the user for a
+// passphrase.
+func getPassPhrase(ctx *cli.Context, confirmation bool) string {
+	// Look for the --passphrase flag.
+	passphraseFile := ctx.String(passphraseFlag.Name)
+	if passphraseFile != "" {
+		content, err := ioutil.ReadFile(passphraseFile)
+		if err != nil {
+			utils.Fatalf("Failed to read passphrase file '%s': %v",
+				passphraseFile, err)
+		}
+		return strings.TrimRight(string(content), "\r\n")
+	}
+
+	// Otherwise prompt the user for the passphrase.
+	passphrase, err := console.Stdin.PromptPassword("Passphrase: ")
+	if err != nil {
+		utils.Fatalf("Failed to read passphrase: %v", err)
+	}
+	if confirmation {
+		confirm, err := console.Stdin.PromptPassword("Repeat passphrase: ")
+		if err != nil {
+			utils.Fatalf("Failed to read passphrase confirmation: %v", err)
+		}
+		if passphrase != confirm {
+			utils.Fatalf("Passphrases do not match")
+		}
+	}
+	return passphrase
+}
+
+// signHash is a helper function that calculates a hash for the given message
+// that can be safely used to calculate a signature from.
+//
+// The hash is calulcated as
+//   keccak256("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n"${message length}${message}).
+//
+// This gives context to the signed message and prevents signing of transactions.
+func signHash(data []byte) []byte {
+	msg := fmt.Sprintf("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n%d%s", len(data), data)
+	return crypto.Keccak256([]byte(msg))
+}
+
+// mustPrintJSON prints the JSON encoding of the given object and
+// exits the program with an error message when the marshaling fails.
+func mustPrintJSON(jsonObject interface{}) {
+	str, err := json.MarshalIndent(jsonObject, "", "  ")
+	if err != nil {
+		utils.Fatalf("Failed to marshal JSON object: %v", err)
+	}
+	fmt.Println(string(str))
+}

cmd/evm/json_logger.go

@@ -1,24 +1,25 @@
 // Copyright 2017 The go-ethereum Authors
-// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
 //
-// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 // the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
 // (at your option) any later version.
 //
-// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
-// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
 //
-// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
-// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 
 package main
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"io"
+	"math/big"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
@@ -35,6 +36,10 @@ func NewJSONLogger(cfg *vm.LogConfig, writer io.Writer) *JSONLogger {
 	return &JSONLogger{json.NewEncoder(writer), cfg}
 }
 
+func (l *JSONLogger) CaptureStart(from common.Address, to common.Address, create bool, input []byte, gas uint64, value *big.Int) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 // CaptureState outputs state information on the logger.
 func (l *JSONLogger) CaptureState(env *vm.EVM, pc uint64, op vm.OpCode, gas, cost uint64, memory *vm.Memory, stack *vm.Stack, contract *vm.Contract, depth int, err error) error {
 	log := vm.StructLog{
@@ -56,6 +61,11 @@ func (l *JSONLogger) CaptureState(env *vm.EVM, pc uint64, op vm.OpCode, gas, cos
 	return l.encoder.Encode(log)
 }
 
+// CaptureFault outputs state information on the logger.
+func (l *JSONLogger) CaptureFault(env *vm.EVM, pc uint64, op vm.OpCode, gas, cost uint64, memory *vm.Memory, stack *vm.Stack, contract *vm.Contract, depth int, err error) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 // CaptureEnd is triggered at end of execution.
 func (l *JSONLogger) CaptureEnd(output []byte, gasUsed uint64, t time.Duration, err error) error {
 	type endLog struct {

cmd/evm/main.go

@@ -86,10 +86,6 @@ var (
 		Name:  "create",
 		Usage: "indicates the action should be create rather than call",
 	}
-	DisableGasMeteringFlag = cli.BoolFlag{
-		Name:  "nogasmetering",
-		Usage: "disable gas metering",
-	}
 	GenesisFlag = cli.StringFlag{
 		Name:  "prestate",
 		Usage: "JSON file with prestate (genesis) config",
@@ -128,7 +124,6 @@ func init() {
 		ValueFlag,
 		DumpFlag,
 		InputFlag,
-		DisableGasMeteringFlag,
 		MemProfileFlag,
 		CPUProfileFlag,
 		StatDumpFlag,

cmd/evm/runner.go

@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ func runCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	logconfig := &vm.LogConfig{
 		DisableMemory: ctx.GlobalBool(DisableMemoryFlag.Name),
 		DisableStack:  ctx.GlobalBool(DisableStackFlag.Name),
+		Debug:         ctx.GlobalBool(DebugFlag.Name),
 	}
 
 	var (
@@ -83,8 +84,8 @@ func runCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		debugLogger *vm.StructLogger
 		statedb     *state.StateDB
 		chainConfig *params.ChainConfig
-		sender      = common.StringToAddress("sender")
-		receiver    = common.StringToAddress("receiver")
+		sender      = common.BytesToAddress([]byte("sender"))
+		receiver    = common.BytesToAddress([]byte("receiver"))
 	)
 	if ctx.GlobalBool(MachineFlag.Name) {
 		tracer = NewJSONLogger(logconfig, os.Stdout)
@@ -96,7 +97,9 @@ func runCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	}
 	if ctx.GlobalString(GenesisFlag.Name) != "" {
 		gen := readGenesis(ctx.GlobalString(GenesisFlag.Name))
-		_, statedb = gen.ToBlock()
+		db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
+		genesis := gen.ToBlock(db)
+		statedb, _ = state.New(genesis.Root(), state.NewDatabase(db))
 		chainConfig = gen.Config
 	} else {
 		db, _ := ethdb.NewMemDatabase()
@@ -159,9 +162,8 @@ func runCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		GasPrice: utils.GlobalBig(ctx, PriceFlag.Name),
 		Value:    utils.GlobalBig(ctx, ValueFlag.Name),
 		EVMConfig: vm.Config{
-			Tracer:             tracer,
-			Debug:              ctx.GlobalBool(DebugFlag.Name) || ctx.GlobalBool(MachineFlag.Name),
-			DisableGasMetering: ctx.GlobalBool(DisableGasMeteringFlag.Name),
+			Tracer: tracer,
+			Debug:  ctx.GlobalBool(DebugFlag.Name) || ctx.GlobalBool(MachineFlag.Name),
 		},
 	}
 
@@ -233,9 +235,7 @@ Gas used:           %d
 
 `, execTime, mem.HeapObjects, mem.Alloc, mem.TotalAlloc, mem.NumGC, initialGas-leftOverGas)
 	}
-	if tracer != nil {
-		tracer.CaptureEnd(ret, initialGas-leftOverGas, execTime, err)
-	} else {
+	if tracer == nil {
 		fmt.Printf("0x%x\n", ret)
 		if err != nil {
 			fmt.Printf(" error: %v\n", err)

cmd/evm/staterunner.go

@@ -94,7 +94,8 @@ func stateTestCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		for _, st := range test.Subtests() {
 			// Run the test and aggregate the result
 			result := &StatetestResult{Name: key, Fork: st.Fork, Pass: true}
-			if state, err := test.Run(st, cfg); err != nil {
+			state, err := test.Run(st, cfg)
+			if err != nil {
 				// Test failed, mark as so and dump any state to aid debugging
 				result.Pass, result.Error = false, err.Error()
 				if ctx.GlobalBool(DumpFlag.Name) && state != nil {
@@ -102,6 +103,11 @@ func stateTestCmd(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 					result.State = &dump
 				}
 			}
+			// print state root for evmlab tracing (already committed above, so no need to delete objects again
+			if ctx.GlobalBool(MachineFlag.Name) && state != nil {
+				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "{\"stateRoot\": \"%x\"}\n", state.IntermediateRoot(false))
+			}
+
 			results = append(results, *result)
 
 			// Print any structured logs collected

cmd/faucet/faucet.go

@@ -18,11 +18,13 @@
 package main
 
 //go:generate go-bindata -nometadata -o website.go faucet.html
+//go:generate gofmt -w -s website.go
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
 	"html/template"
@@ -33,6 +35,7 @@ import (
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@@ -80,7 +83,8 @@ var (
 	captchaToken  = flag.String("captcha.token", "", "Recaptcha site key to authenticate client side")
 	captchaSecret = flag.String("captcha.secret", "", "Recaptcha secret key to authenticate server side")
 
-	logFlag = flag.Int("loglevel", 3, "Log level to use for Ethereum and the faucet")
+	noauthFlag = flag.Bool("noauth", false, "Enables funding requests without authentication")
+	logFlag    = flag.Int("loglevel", 3, "Log level to use for Ethereum and the faucet")
 )
 
 var (
@@ -129,6 +133,7 @@ func main() {
 		"Amounts":   amounts,
 		"Periods":   periods,
 		"Recaptcha": *captchaToken,
+		"NoAuth":    *noauthFlag,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Crit("Failed to render the faucet template", "err", err)
@@ -181,10 +186,10 @@ func main() {
 
 // request represents an accepted funding request.
 type request struct {
-	Username string             `json:"username"` // GitHub user for displaying an avatar
-	Account  common.Address     `json:"account"`  // Ethereum address being funded
-	Time     time.Time          `json:"time"`     // Timestamp when te request was accepted
-	Tx       *types.Transaction `json:"tx"`       // Transaction funding the account
+	Avatar  string             `json:"avatar"`  // Avatar URL to make the UI nicer
+	Account common.Address     `json:"account"` // Ethereum address being funded
+	Time    time.Time          `json:"time"`    // Timestamp when the request was accepted
+	Tx      *types.Transaction `json:"tx"`      // Transaction funding the account
 }
 
 // faucet represents a crypto faucet backed by an Ethereum light client.
@@ -218,7 +223,6 @@ func newFaucet(genesis *core.Genesis, port int, enodes []*discv5.Node, network u
 			NoDiscovery:      true,
 			DiscoveryV5:      true,
 			ListenAddr:       fmt.Sprintf(":%d", port),
-			DiscoveryV5Addr:  fmt.Sprintf(":%d", port+1),
 			MaxPeers:         25,
 			BootstrapNodesV5: enodes,
 		},
@@ -299,6 +303,8 @@ func (f *faucet) webHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 // apiHandler handles requests for Ether grants and transaction statuses.
 func (f *faucet) apiHandler(conn *websocket.Conn) {
 	// Start tracking the connection and drop at the end
+	defer conn.Close()
+
 	f.lock.Lock()
 	f.conns = append(f.conns, conn)
 	f.lock.Unlock()
@@ -313,25 +319,50 @@ func (f *faucet) apiHandler(conn *websocket.Conn) {
 		}
 		f.lock.Unlock()
 	}()
-	// Send a few initial stats to the client
-	balance, _ := f.client.BalanceAt(context.Background(), f.account.Address, nil)
-	nonce, _ := f.client.NonceAt(context.Background(), f.account.Address, nil)
+	// Gather the initial stats from the network to report
+	var (
+		head    *types.Header
+		balance *big.Int
+		nonce   uint64
+		err     error
+	)
+	for {
+		// Attempt to retrieve the stats, may error on no faucet connectivity
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Second)
+		head, err = f.client.HeaderByNumber(ctx, nil)
+		if err == nil {
+			balance, err = f.client.BalanceAt(ctx, f.account.Address, head.Number)
+			if err == nil {
+				nonce, err = f.client.NonceAt(ctx, f.account.Address, nil)
+			}
+		}
+		cancel()
 
-	websocket.JSON.Send(conn, map[string]interface{}{
+		// If stats retrieval failed, wait a bit and retry
+		if err != nil {
+			if err = sendError(conn, errors.New("Faucet offline: "+err.Error())); err != nil {
+				log.Warn("Failed to send faucet error to client", "err", err)
+				return
+			}
+			time.Sleep(3 * time.Second)
+			continue
+		}
+		// Initial stats reported successfully, proceed with user interaction
+		break
+	}
+	// Send over the initial stats and the latest header
+	if err = send(conn, map[string]interface{}{
 		"funds":    balance.Div(balance, ether),
 		"funded":   nonce,
 		"peers":    f.stack.Server().PeerCount(),
 		"requests": f.reqs,
-	})
-	// Send the initial block to the client
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Second)
-	header, err := f.client.HeaderByNumber(ctx, nil)
-	cancel()
-
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Error("Failed to retrieve latest header", "err", err)
-	} else {
-		websocket.JSON.Send(conn, header)
+	}, 3*time.Second); err != nil {
+		log.Warn("Failed to send initial stats to client", "err", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if err = send(conn, head, 3*time.Second); err != nil {
+		log.Warn("Failed to send initial header to client", "err", err)
+		return
 	}
 	// Keep reading requests from the websocket until the connection breaks
 	for {
@@ -341,18 +372,25 @@ func (f *faucet) apiHandler(conn *websocket.Conn) {
 			Tier    uint   `json:"tier"`
 			Captcha string `json:"captcha"`
 		}
-		if err := websocket.JSON.Receive(conn, &msg); err != nil {
+		if err = websocket.JSON.Receive(conn, &msg); err != nil {
 			return
 		}
-		if !strings.HasPrefix(msg.URL, "https://gist.github.com/") {
-			websocket.JSON.Send(conn, map[string]string{"error": "URL doesn't link to GitHub Gists"})
+		if !*noauthFlag && !strings.HasPrefix(msg.URL, "https://gist.github.com/") && !strings.HasPrefix(msg.URL, "https://twitter.com/") &&
+			!strings.HasPrefix(msg.URL, "https://plus.google.com/") && !strings.HasPrefix(msg.URL, "https://www.facebook.com/") {
+			if err = sendError(conn, errors.New("URL doesn't link to supported services")); err != nil {
+				log.Warn("Failed to send URL error to client", "err", err)
+				return
+			}
 			continue
 		}
 		if msg.Tier >= uint(*tiersFlag) {
-			websocket.JSON.Send(conn, map[string]string{"error": "Invalid funding tier requested"})
+			if err = sendError(conn, errors.New("Invalid funding tier requested")); err != nil {
+				log.Warn("Failed to send tier error to client", "err", err)
+				return
+			}
 			continue
 		}
-		log.Info("Faucet funds requested", "gist", msg.URL, "tier", msg.Tier)
+		log.Info("Faucet funds requested", "url", msg.URL, "tier", msg.Tier)
 
 		// If captcha verifications are enabled, make sure we're not dealing with a robot
 		if *captchaToken != "" {
@@ -362,7 +400,10 @@ func (f *faucet) apiHandler(conn *websocket.Conn) {
 
 			res, err := http.PostForm("https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api/siteverify", form)
 			if err != nil {
-				websocket.JSON.Send(conn, map[string]string{"error": err.Error()})
+				if err = sendError(conn, err); err != nil {
+					log.Warn("Failed to send captcha post error to client", "err", err)
+					return
+				}
 				continue
 			}
 			var result struct {
@@ -372,109 +413,108 @@ func (f *faucet) apiHandler(conn *websocket.Conn) {
 			err = json.NewDecoder(res.Body).Decode(&result)
 			res.Body.Close()
 			if err != nil {
-				websocket.JSON.Send(conn, map[string]string{"error": err.Error()})
+				if err = sendError(conn, err); err != nil {
+					log.Warn("Failed to send captcha decode error to client", "err", err)
+					return
+				}
 				continue
 			}
 			if !result.Success {
 				log.Warn("Captcha verification failed", "err", string(result.Errors))
-				websocket.JSON.Send(conn, map[string]string{"error": "Beep-bop, you're a robot!"})
+				if err = sendError(conn, errors.New("Beep-bop, you're a robot!")); err != nil {
+					log.Warn("Failed to send captcha failure to client", "err", err)
+					return
+				}
 				continue
 			}
 		}
-		// Retrieve the gist from the GitHub Gist APIs
-		parts := strings.Split(msg.URL, "/")
-		req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "https://api.github.com/gists/"+parts[len(parts)-1], nil)
-		if *githubUser != "" {
-			req.SetBasicAuth(*githubUser, *githubToken)
-		}
-		res, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
-		if err != nil {
-			websocket.JSON.Send(conn, map[string]string{"error": err.Error()})
-			continue
-		}
-		var gist struct {
-			Owner struct {
-				Login string `json:"login"`
-			} `json:"owner"`
-			Files map[string]struct {
-				Content string `json:"content"`
-			} `json:"files"`
-		}
-		err = json.NewDecoder(res.Body).Decode(&gist)
-		res.Body.Close()
-		if err != nil {
-			websocket.JSON.Send(conn, map[string]string{"error": err.Error()})
-			continue
-		}
-		if gist.Owner.Login == "" {
-			websocket.JSON.Send(conn, map[string]string{"error": "Anonymous Gists not allowed"})
-			continue
-		}
-		// Iterate over all the files and look for Ethereum addresses
-		var address common.Address
-		for _, file := range gist.Files {
-			content := strings.TrimSpace(file.Content)
-			if len(content) == 2+common.AddressLength*2 {
-				address = common.HexToAddress(content)
+		// Retrieve the Ethereum address to fund, the requesting user and a profile picture
+		var (
+			username string
+			avatar   string
+			address  common.Address
+		)
+		switch {
+		case strings.HasPrefix(msg.URL, "https://gist.github.com/"):
+			if err = sendError(conn, errors.New("GitHub authentication discontinued at the official request of GitHub")); err != nil {
+				log.Warn("Failed to send GitHub deprecation to client", "err", err)
+				return
 			}
+			continue
+		case strings.HasPrefix(msg.URL, "https://twitter.com/"):
+			username, avatar, address, err = authTwitter(msg.URL)
+		case strings.HasPrefix(msg.URL, "https://plus.google.com/"):
+			username, avatar, address, err = authGooglePlus(msg.URL)
+		case strings.HasPrefix(msg.URL, "https://www.facebook.com/"):
+			username, avatar, address, err = authFacebook(msg.URL)
+		case *noauthFlag:
+			username, avatar, address, err = authNoAuth(msg.URL)
+		default:
+			err = errors.New("Something funky happened, please open an issue at https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/issues")
 		}
-		if address == (common.Address{}) {
-			websocket.JSON.Send(conn, map[string]string{"error": "No Ethereum address found to fund"})
+		if err != nil {
+			if err = sendError(conn, err); err != nil {
+				log.Warn("Failed to send prefix error to client", "err", err)
+				return
+			}
 			continue
 		}
-		// Validate the user's existence since the API is unhelpful here
-		if res, err = http.Head("https://github.com/" + gist.Owner.Login); err != nil {
-			websocket.JSON.Send(conn, map[string]string{"error": err.Error()})
-			continue
-		}
-		res.Body.Close()
+		log.Info("Faucet request valid", "url", msg.URL, "tier", msg.Tier, "user", username, "address", address)
 
-		if res.StatusCode != 200 {
-			websocket.JSON.Send(conn, map[string]string{"error": "Invalid user... boom!"})
-			continue
-		}
 		// Ensure the user didn't request funds too recently
 		f.lock.Lock()
 		var (
 			fund    bool
 			timeout time.Time
 		)
-		if timeout = f.timeouts[gist.Owner.Login]; time.Now().After(timeout) {
+		if timeout = f.timeouts[username]; time.Now().After(timeout) {
 			// User wasn't funded recently, create the funding transaction
 			amount := new(big.Int).Mul(big.NewInt(int64(*payoutFlag)), ether)
 			amount = new(big.Int).Mul(amount, new(big.Int).Exp(big.NewInt(5), big.NewInt(int64(msg.Tier)), nil))
 			amount = new(big.Int).Div(amount, new(big.Int).Exp(big.NewInt(2), big.NewInt(int64(msg.Tier)), nil))
 
-			tx := types.NewTransaction(f.nonce+uint64(len(f.reqs)), address, amount, big.NewInt(21000), f.price, nil)
+			tx := types.NewTransaction(f.nonce+uint64(len(f.reqs)), address, amount, 21000, f.price, nil)
 			signed, err := f.keystore.SignTx(f.account, tx, f.config.ChainId)
 			if err != nil {
-				websocket.JSON.Send(conn, map[string]string{"error": err.Error()})
 				f.lock.Unlock()
+				if err = sendError(conn, err); err != nil {
+					log.Warn("Failed to send transaction creation error to client", "err", err)
+					return
+				}
 				continue
 			}
 			// Submit the transaction and mark as funded if successful
 			if err := f.client.SendTransaction(context.Background(), signed); err != nil {
-				websocket.JSON.Send(conn, map[string]string{"error": err.Error()})
 				f.lock.Unlock()
+				if err = sendError(conn, err); err != nil {
+					log.Warn("Failed to send transaction transmission error to client", "err", err)
+					return
+				}
 				continue
 			}
 			f.reqs = append(f.reqs, &request{
-				Username: gist.Owner.Login,
-				Account:  address,
-				Time:     time.Now(),
-				Tx:       signed,
+				Avatar:  avatar,
+				Account: address,
+				Time:    time.Now(),
+				Tx:      signed,
 			})
-			f.timeouts[gist.Owner.Login] = time.Now().Add(time.Duration(*minutesFlag*int(math.Pow(3, float64(msg.Tier)))) * time.Minute)
+			f.timeouts[username] = time.Now().Add(time.Duration(*minutesFlag*int(math.Pow(3, float64(msg.Tier)))) * time.Minute)
 			fund = true
 		}
 		f.lock.Unlock()
 
 		// Send an error if too frequent funding, othewise a success
 		if !fund {
-			websocket.JSON.Send(conn, map[string]string{"error": fmt.Sprintf("%s left until next allowance", common.PrettyDuration(timeout.Sub(time.Now())))})
+			if err = sendError(conn, fmt.Errorf("%s left until next allowance", common.PrettyDuration(timeout.Sub(time.Now())))); err != nil { // nolint: gosimple
+				log.Warn("Failed to send funding error to client", "err", err)
+				return
+			}
 			continue
 		}
-		websocket.JSON.Send(conn, map[string]string{"success": fmt.Sprintf("Funding request accepted for %s into %s", gist.Owner.Login, address.Hex())})
+		if err = sendSuccess(conn, fmt.Sprintf("Funding request accepted for %s into %s", username, address.Hex())); err != nil {
+			log.Warn("Failed to send funding success to client", "err", err)
+			return
+		}
 		select {
 		case f.update <- struct{}{}:
 		default:
@@ -493,15 +533,37 @@ func (f *faucet) loop() {
 	}
 	defer sub.Unsubscribe()
 
-	for {
-		select {
-		case head := <-heads:
-			// New chain head arrived, query the current stats and stream to clients
-			balance, _ := f.client.BalanceAt(context.Background(), f.account.Address, nil)
-			balance = new(big.Int).Div(balance, ether)
+	// Start a goroutine to update the state from head notifications in the background
+	update := make(chan *types.Header)
 
-			price, _ := f.client.SuggestGasPrice(context.Background())
-			nonce, _ := f.client.NonceAt(context.Background(), f.account.Address, nil)
+	go func() {
+		for head := range update {
+			// New chain head arrived, query the current stats and stream to clients
+			var (
+				balance *big.Int
+				nonce   uint64
+				price   *big.Int
+				err     error
+			)
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+			balance, err = f.client.BalanceAt(ctx, f.account.Address, head.Number)
+			if err == nil {
+				nonce, err = f.client.NonceAt(ctx, f.account.Address, nil)
+				if err == nil {
+					price, err = f.client.SuggestGasPrice(ctx)
+				}
+			}
+			cancel()
+
+			// If querying the data failed, try for the next block
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Warn("Failed to update faucet state", "block", head.Number, "hash", head.Hash(), "err", err)
+				continue
+			} else {
+				log.Info("Updated faucet state", "block", head.Number, "hash", head.Hash(), "balance", balance, "nonce", nonce, "price", price)
+			}
+			// Faucet state retrieved, update locally and send to clients
+			balance = new(big.Int).Div(balance, ether)
 
 			f.lock.Lock()
 			f.price, f.nonce = price, nonce
@@ -512,28 +574,39 @@ func (f *faucet) loop() {
 
 			f.lock.RLock()
 			for _, conn := range f.conns {
-				if err := websocket.JSON.Send(conn, map[string]interface{}{
+				if err := send(conn, map[string]interface{}{
 					"funds":    balance,
 					"funded":   f.nonce,
 					"peers":    f.stack.Server().PeerCount(),
 					"requests": f.reqs,
-				}); err != nil {
+				}, time.Second); err != nil {
 					log.Warn("Failed to send stats to client", "err", err)
 					conn.Close()
 					continue
 				}
-				if err := websocket.JSON.Send(conn, head); err != nil {
+				if err := send(conn, head, time.Second); err != nil {
 					log.Warn("Failed to send header to client", "err", err)
 					conn.Close()
 				}
 			}
 			f.lock.RUnlock()
+		}
+	}()
+	// Wait for various events and assing to the appropriate background threads
+	for {
+		select {
+		case head := <-heads:
+			// New head arrived, send if for state update if there's none running
+			select {
+			case update <- head:
+			default:
+			}
 
 		case <-f.update:
 			// Pending requests updated, stream to clients
 			f.lock.RLock()
 			for _, conn := range f.conns {
-				if err := websocket.JSON.Send(conn, map[string]interface{}{"requests": f.reqs}); err != nil {
+				if err := send(conn, map[string]interface{}{"requests": f.reqs}, time.Second); err != nil {
 					log.Warn("Failed to send requests to client", "err", err)
 					conn.Close()
 				}
@@ -542,3 +615,196 @@ func (f *faucet) loop() {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+// sends transmits a data packet to the remote end of the websocket, but also
+// setting a write deadline to prevent waiting forever on the node.
+func send(conn *websocket.Conn, value interface{}, timeout time.Duration) error {
+	if timeout == 0 {
+		timeout = 60 * time.Second
+	}
+	conn.SetWriteDeadline(time.Now().Add(timeout))
+	return websocket.JSON.Send(conn, value)
+}
+
+// sendError transmits an error to the remote end of the websocket, also setting
+// the write deadline to 1 second to prevent waiting forever.
+func sendError(conn *websocket.Conn, err error) error {
+	return send(conn, map[string]string{"error": err.Error()}, time.Second)
+}
+
+// sendSuccess transmits a success message to the remote end of the websocket, also
+// setting the write deadline to 1 second to prevent waiting forever.
+func sendSuccess(conn *websocket.Conn, msg string) error {
+	return send(conn, map[string]string{"success": msg}, time.Second)
+}
+
+// authGitHub tries to authenticate a faucet request using GitHub gists, returning
+// the username, avatar URL and Ethereum address to fund on success.
+func authGitHub(url string) (string, string, common.Address, error) {
+	// Retrieve the gist from the GitHub Gist APIs
+	parts := strings.Split(url, "/")
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "https://api.github.com/gists/"+parts[len(parts)-1], nil)
+	if *githubUser != "" {
+		req.SetBasicAuth(*githubUser, *githubToken)
+	}
+	res, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", common.Address{}, err
+	}
+	var gist struct {
+		Owner struct {
+			Login string `json:"login"`
+		} `json:"owner"`
+		Files map[string]struct {
+			Content string `json:"content"`
+		} `json:"files"`
+	}
+	err = json.NewDecoder(res.Body).Decode(&gist)
+	res.Body.Close()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", common.Address{}, err
+	}
+	if gist.Owner.Login == "" {
+		return "", "", common.Address{}, errors.New("Anonymous Gists not allowed")
+	}
+	// Iterate over all the files and look for Ethereum addresses
+	var address common.Address
+	for _, file := range gist.Files {
+		content := strings.TrimSpace(file.Content)
+		if len(content) == 2+common.AddressLength*2 {
+			address = common.HexToAddress(content)
+		}
+	}
+	if address == (common.Address{}) {
+		return "", "", common.Address{}, errors.New("No Ethereum address found to fund")
+	}
+	// Validate the user's existence since the API is unhelpful here
+	if res, err = http.Head("https://github.com/" + gist.Owner.Login); err != nil {
+		return "", "", common.Address{}, err
+	}
+	res.Body.Close()
+
+	if res.StatusCode != 200 {
+		return "", "", common.Address{}, errors.New("Invalid user... boom!")
+	}
+	// Everything passed validation, return the gathered infos
+	return gist.Owner.Login + "@github", fmt.Sprintf("https://github.com/%s.png?size=64", gist.Owner.Login), address, nil
+}
+
+// authTwitter tries to authenticate a faucet request using Twitter posts, returning
+// the username, avatar URL and Ethereum address to fund on success.
+func authTwitter(url string) (string, string, common.Address, error) {
+	// Ensure the user specified a meaningful URL, no fancy nonsense
+	parts := strings.Split(url, "/")
+	if len(parts) < 4 || parts[len(parts)-2] != "status" {
+		return "", "", common.Address{}, errors.New("Invalid Twitter status URL")
+	}
+	// Twitter's API isn't really friendly with direct links. Still, we don't
+	// want to do ask read permissions from users, so just load the public posts and
+	// scrape it for the Ethereum address and profile URL.
+	res, err := http.Get(url)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", common.Address{}, err
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+
+	// Resolve the username from the final redirect, no intermediate junk
+	parts = strings.Split(res.Request.URL.String(), "/")
+	if len(parts) < 4 || parts[len(parts)-2] != "status" {
+		return "", "", common.Address{}, errors.New("Invalid Twitter status URL")
+	}
+	username := parts[len(parts)-3]
+
+	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", common.Address{}, err
+	}
+	address := common.HexToAddress(string(regexp.MustCompile("0x[0-9a-fA-F]{40}").Find(body)))
+	if address == (common.Address{}) {
+		return "", "", common.Address{}, errors.New("No Ethereum address found to fund")
+	}
+	var avatar string
+	if parts = regexp.MustCompile("src=\"([^\"]+twimg.com/profile_images[^\"]+)\"").FindStringSubmatch(string(body)); len(parts) == 2 {
+		avatar = parts[1]
+	}
+	return username + "@twitter", avatar, address, nil
+}
+
+// authGooglePlus tries to authenticate a faucet request using GooglePlus posts,
+// returning the username, avatar URL and Ethereum address to fund on success.
+func authGooglePlus(url string) (string, string, common.Address, error) {
+	// Ensure the user specified a meaningful URL, no fancy nonsense
+	parts := strings.Split(url, "/")
+	if len(parts) < 4 || parts[len(parts)-2] != "posts" {
+		return "", "", common.Address{}, errors.New("Invalid Google+ post URL")
+	}
+	username := parts[len(parts)-3]
+
+	// Google's API isn't really friendly with direct links. Still, we don't
+	// want to do ask read permissions from users, so just load the public posts and
+	// scrape it for the Ethereum address and profile URL.
+	res, err := http.Get(url)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", common.Address{}, err
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+
+	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", common.Address{}, err
+	}
+	address := common.HexToAddress(string(regexp.MustCompile("0x[0-9a-fA-F]{40}").Find(body)))
+	if address == (common.Address{}) {
+		return "", "", common.Address{}, errors.New("No Ethereum address found to fund")
+	}
+	var avatar string
+	if parts = regexp.MustCompile("src=\"([^\"]+googleusercontent.com[^\"]+photo.jpg)\"").FindStringSubmatch(string(body)); len(parts) == 2 {
+		avatar = parts[1]
+	}
+	return username + "@google+", avatar, address, nil
+}
+
+// authFacebook tries to authenticate a faucet request using Facebook posts,
+// returning the username, avatar URL and Ethereum address to fund on success.
+func authFacebook(url string) (string, string, common.Address, error) {
+	// Ensure the user specified a meaningful URL, no fancy nonsense
+	parts := strings.Split(url, "/")
+	if len(parts) < 4 || parts[len(parts)-2] != "posts" {
+		return "", "", common.Address{}, errors.New("Invalid Facebook post URL")
+	}
+	username := parts[len(parts)-3]
+
+	// Facebook's Graph API isn't really friendly with direct links. Still, we don't
+	// want to do ask read permissions from users, so just load the public posts and
+	// scrape it for the Ethereum address and profile URL.
+	res, err := http.Get(url)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", common.Address{}, err
+	}
+	defer res.Body.Close()
+
+	body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", "", common.Address{}, err
+	}
+	address := common.HexToAddress(string(regexp.MustCompile("0x[0-9a-fA-F]{40}").Find(body)))
+	if address == (common.Address{}) {
+		return "", "", common.Address{}, errors.New("No Ethereum address found to fund")
+	}
+	var avatar string
+	if parts = regexp.MustCompile("src=\"([^\"]+fbcdn.net[^\"]+)\"").FindStringSubmatch(string(body)); len(parts) == 2 {
+		avatar = parts[1]
+	}
+	return username + "@facebook", avatar, address, nil
+}
+
+// authNoAuth tries to interpret a faucet request as a plain Ethereum address,
+// without actually performing any remote authentication. This mode is prone to
+// Byzantine attack, so only ever use for truly private networks.
+func authNoAuth(url string) (string, string, common.Address, error) {
+	address := common.HexToAddress(regexp.MustCompile("0x[0-9a-fA-F]{40}").FindString(url))
+	if address == (common.Address{}) {
+		return "", "", common.Address{}, errors.New("No Ethereum address found to fund")
+	}
+	return address.Hex() + "@noauth", "", address, nil
+}

cmd/faucet/faucet.html

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 		<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
 		<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
 
-		<title>{{.Network}}: GitHub Faucet</title>
+		<title>{{.Network}}: Authenticated Faucet</title>
 
 		<link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
 		<link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
@@ -43,13 +43,13 @@
 			<div class="container">
 				<div class="row" style="margin-bottom: 16px;">
 					<div class="col-lg-12">
-						<h1 style="text-align: center;"><i class="fa fa-bath" aria-hidden="true"></i> {{.Network}} GitHub Authenticated Faucet <i class="fa fa-github-alt" aria-hidden="true"></i></h1>
+						<h1 style="text-align: center;"><i class="fa fa-bath" aria-hidden="true"></i> {{.Network}} Authenticated Faucet</h1>
 					</div>
 				</div>
 				<div class="row">
 					<div class="col-lg-8 col-lg-offset-2">
 						<div class="input-group">
-							<input id="gist" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="GitHub Gist URL containing your Ethereum address...">
+							<input id="url" name="url" type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Social network URL containing your Ethereum address...">
 							<span class="input-group-btn">
 								<button class="btn btn-default dropdown-toggle" type="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Give me Ether	<i class="fa fa-caret-down" aria-hidden="true"></i></button>
 				        <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-right">{{range $idx, $amount := .Amounts}}
@@ -80,8 +80,23 @@
 				<div class="row" style="margin-top: 32px;">
 					<div class="col-lg-12">
 						<h3>How does this work?</h3>
-						<p>This Ether faucet is running on the {{.Network}} network. To prevent malicious actors from exhausting all available funds or accumulating enough Ether to mount long running spam attacks, requests are tied to GitHub accounts. Anyone having a GitHub account may request funds within the permitted limits.</p>
-						<p>To request funds, simply create a <a href="https://gist.github.com/" target="_about:blank">GitHub Gist</a> with your Ethereum address pasted into the contents (the file name doesn't matter), copy paste the gists URL into the above input box and fire away! You can track the current pending requests below the input field to see how much you have to wait until your turn comes.</p>
+						<p>This Ether faucet is running on the {{.Network}} network. To prevent malicious actors from exhausting all available funds or accumulating enough Ether to mount long running spam attacks, requests are tied to common 3rd party social network accounts. Anyone having a Twitter, Google+ or Facebook account may request funds within the permitted limits.</p>
+						<dl class="dl-horizontal">
+							<dt style="width: auto; margin-left: 40px;"><i class="fa fa-twitter" aria-hidden="true" style="font-size: 36px;"></i></dt>
+							<dd style="margin-left: 88px; margin-bottom: 10px;"></i> To request funds via Twitter, make a <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Requesting%20faucet%20funds%20into%200x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000%20on%20the%20%23{{.Network}}%20%23Ethereum%20test%20network." target="_about:blank">tweet</a> with your Ethereum address pasted into the contents (surrounding text doesn't matter).<br/>Copy-paste the <a href="https://support.twitter.com/articles/80586" target="_about:blank">tweets URL</a> into the above input box and fire away!</dd>
+
+							<dt style="width: auto; margin-left: 40px;"><i class="fa fa-google-plus-official" aria-hidden="true" style="font-size: 36px;"></i></dt>
+							<dd style="margin-left: 88px; margin-bottom: 10px;"></i> To request funds via Google Plus, publish a new <strong>public</strong> post with your Ethereum address embedded into the content (surrounding text doesn't matter).<br/>Copy-paste the posts URL into the above input box and fire away!</dd>
+
+							<dt style="width: auto; margin-left: 40px;"><i class="fa fa-facebook" aria-hidden="true" style="font-size: 36px;"></i></dt>
+							<dd style="margin-left: 88px; margin-bottom: 10px;"></i> To request funds via Facebook, publish a new <strong>public</strong> post with your Ethereum address embedded into the content (surrounding text doesn't matter).<br/>Copy-paste the <a href="https://www.facebook.com/help/community/question/?id=282662498552845" target="_about:blank">posts URL</a> into the above input box and fire away!</dd>
+
+							{{if .NoAuth}}
+								<dt class="text-danger" style="width: auto; margin-left: 40px;"><i class="fa fa-unlock-alt" aria-hidden="true" style="font-size: 36px;"></i></dt>
+								<dd class="text-danger" style="margin-left: 88px; margin-bottom: 10px;"></i> To request funds <strong>without authentication</strong>, simply copy-paste your Ethereum address into the above input box (surrounding text doesn't matter) and fire away.<br/>This mode is susceptible to Byzantine attacks. Only use for debugging or private networks!</dd>
+							{{end}}
+						</dl>
+						<p>You can track the current pending requests below the input field to see how much you have to wait until your turn comes.</p>
 						{{if .Recaptcha}}<em>The faucet is running invisible reCaptcha protection against bots.</em>{{end}}
 					</div>
 				</div>
@@ -93,20 +108,27 @@
 			var attempt = 0;
 			var server;
 			var tier = 0;
+			var requests = [];
 
+			// Define a function that creates closures to drop old requests
+			var dropper = function(hash) {
+				return function() {
+					for (var i=0; i<requests.length; i++) {
+						if (requests[i].tx.hash == hash) {
+							requests.splice(i, 1);
+							break;
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			};
 			// Define the function that submits a gist url to the server
 			var submit = function({{if .Recaptcha}}captcha{{end}}) {
-				server.send(JSON.stringify({url: $("#gist")[0].value, tier: tier{{if .Recaptcha}}, captcha: captcha{{end}}}));{{if .Recaptcha}}
+				server.send(JSON.stringify({url: $("#url")[0].value, tier: tier{{if .Recaptcha}}, captcha: captcha{{end}}}));{{if .Recaptcha}}
 				grecaptcha.reset();{{end}}
 			};
 			// Define a method to reconnect upon server loss
 			var reconnect = function() {
-				if (attempt % 2 == 0) {
-					server = new WebSocket("wss://" + location.host + "/api");
-				} else {
-					server = new WebSocket("ws://" + location.host + "/api");
-				}
-				attempt++;
+				server = new WebSocket(((window.location.protocol === "https:") ? "wss://" : "ws://") + window.location.host + "/api");
 
 				server.onmessage = function(event) {
 					var msg = JSON.parse(event.data);
@@ -127,21 +149,85 @@
 						$("#block").text(parseInt(msg.number, 16));
 					}
 					if (msg.error !== undefined) {
-						noty({layout: 'topCenter', text: msg.error, type: 'error'});
+						noty({layout: 'topCenter', text: msg.error, type: 'error', timeout: 5000, progressBar: true});
 					}
 					if (msg.success !== undefined) {
-						noty({layout: 'topCenter', text: msg.success, type: 'success'});
+						noty({layout: 'topCenter', text: msg.success, type: 'success', timeout: 5000, progressBar: true});
 					}
 					if (msg.requests !== undefined && msg.requests !== null) {
+						// Mark all previous requests missing as done
+						for (var i=0; i<requests.length; i++) {
+							if (msg.requests.length > 0 && msg.requests[0].tx.hash == requests[i].tx.hash) {
+								break;
+							}
+							if (requests[i].time != "") {
+								requests[i].time = "";
+								setTimeout(dropper(requests[i].tx.hash), 3000);
+							}
+						}
+						// Append any new requests into our local collection
+						var common = -1;
+						if (requests.length > 0) {
+							for (var i=0; i<msg.requests.length; i++) {
+								if (requests[requests.length-1].tx.hash == msg.requests[i].tx.hash) {
+									common = i;
+									break;
+								}
+							}
+						}
+						for (var i=common+1; i<msg.requests.length; i++) {
+							requests.push(msg.requests[i]);
+						}
+						// Iterate over our entire local collection and re-render the funding table
 						var content = "";
-						for (var i=0; i<msg.requests.length; i++) {
-							content += "<tr><td><div style=\"background: url('https://github.com/" + msg.requests[i].username + ".png?size=64'); background-size: cover; width:32px; height: 32px; border-radius: 4px;\"></div></td><td><pre>" + msg.requests[i].account + "</pre></td><td style=\"width: 100%; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;\">" + moment.duration(moment(msg.requests[i].time).unix()-moment().unix(), 'seconds').humanize(true) + "</td></tr>";
+						for (var i=0; i<requests.length; i++) {
+							var done    = requests[i].time == "";
+							var elapsed = moment().unix()-moment(requests[i].time).unix();
+
+							content += "<tr id='" + requests[i].tx.hash + "'>";
+							content += "  <td><div style=\"background: url('" + requests[i].avatar + "'); background-size: cover; width:32px; height: 32px; border-radius: 4px;\"></div></td>";
+							content += "  <td><pre>" + requests[i].account + "</pre></td>";
+							content += "  <td style=\"width: 100%; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;\">";
+							if (done) {
+								content += "    funded";
+							} else {
+								content += "    <span id='time-" + i + "' class='timer'>" + moment.duration(-elapsed, 'seconds').humanize(true) + "</span>";
+							}
+							content += "    <div class='progress' style='height: 4px; margin: 0;'>";
+							if (done) {
+								content += "      <div class='progress-bar progress-bar-success' role='progressbar' aria-valuenow='30' style='width:100%;'></div>";
+							} else if (elapsed > 30) {
+								content += "      <div class='progress-bar progress-bar-danger progress-bar-striped active' role='progressbar' aria-valuenow='30' style='width:100%;'></div>";
+							} else {
+								content += "      <div class='progress-bar progress-bar-striped active' role='progressbar' aria-valuenow='" + elapsed + "' style='width:" + (elapsed * 100 / 30) + "%;'></div>";
+							}
+							content += "    </div>";
+							content += "  </td>";
+							content += "</tr>";
 						}
 						$("#requests").html("<tbody>" + content + "</tbody>");
 					}
 				}
 				server.onclose = function() { setTimeout(reconnect, 3000); };
 			}
+			// Start a UI updater to push the progress bars forward until they are done
+			setInterval(function() {
+				$('.progress-bar').each(function() {
+					var progress = Number($(this).attr('aria-valuenow')) + 1;
+					if (progress < 30) {
+						$(this).attr('aria-valuenow', progress);
+						$(this).css('width', (progress * 100 / 30) + '%');
+					} else if (progress == 30) {
+						$(this).css('width', '100%');
+						$(this).addClass("progress-bar-danger");
+					}
+				})
+				$('.timer').each(function() {
+					var index = Number($(this).attr('id').substring(5));
+					$(this).html(moment.duration(moment(requests[index].time).unix()-moment().unix(), 'seconds').humanize(true));
+				})
+			}, 1000);
+
 			// Establish a websocket connection to the API server
 			reconnect();
 		</script>{{if .Recaptcha}}

cmd/geth/accountcmd.go

@@ -291,15 +291,28 @@ func ambiguousAddrRecovery(ks *keystore.KeyStore, err *keystore.AmbiguousAddrErr
 
 // accountCreate creates a new account into the keystore defined by the CLI flags.
 func accountCreate(ctx *cli.Context) error {
-	stack, _ := makeConfigNode(ctx)
+	cfg := gethConfig{Node: defaultNodeConfig()}
+	// Load config file.
+	if file := ctx.GlobalString(configFileFlag.Name); file != "" {
+		if err := loadConfig(file, &cfg); err != nil {
+			utils.Fatalf("%v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	utils.SetNodeConfig(ctx, &cfg.Node)
+	scryptN, scryptP, keydir, err := cfg.Node.AccountConfig()
+
+	if err != nil {
+		utils.Fatalf("Failed to read configuration: %v", err)
+	}
+
 	password := getPassPhrase("Your new account is locked with a password. Please give a password. Do not forget this password.", true, 0, utils.MakePasswordList(ctx))
 
-	ks := stack.AccountManager().Backends(keystore.KeyStoreType)[0].(*keystore.KeyStore)
-	account, err := ks.NewAccount(password)
+	address, err := keystore.StoreKey(keydir, password, scryptN, scryptP)
+
 	if err != nil {
 		utils.Fatalf("Failed to create account: %v", err)
 	}
-	fmt.Printf("Address: {%x}\n", account.Address)
+	fmt.Printf("Address: {%x}\n", address)
 	return nil
 }
 

cmd/geth/accountcmd_test.go

@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ Fatal: could not decrypt key with given passphrase
 func TestUnlockFlag(t *testing.T) {
 	datadir := tmpDatadirWithKeystore(t)
 	geth := runGeth(t,
-		"--datadir", datadir, "--nat", "none", "--nodiscover", "--dev",
+		"--datadir", datadir, "--nat", "none", "--nodiscover", "--maxpeers", "0", "--port", "0",
 		"--unlock", "f466859ead1932d743d622cb74fc058882e8648a",
 		"js", "testdata/empty.js")
 	geth.Expect(`
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ Passphrase: {{.InputLine "foobar"}}
 func TestUnlockFlagWrongPassword(t *testing.T) {
 	datadir := tmpDatadirWithKeystore(t)
 	geth := runGeth(t,
-		"--datadir", datadir, "--nat", "none", "--nodiscover", "--dev",
+		"--datadir", datadir, "--nat", "none", "--nodiscover", "--maxpeers", "0", "--port", "0",
 		"--unlock", "f466859ead1932d743d622cb74fc058882e8648a")
 	defer geth.ExpectExit()
 	geth.Expect(`
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ Fatal: Failed to unlock account f466859ead1932d743d622cb74fc058882e8648a (could
 func TestUnlockFlagMultiIndex(t *testing.T) {
 	datadir := tmpDatadirWithKeystore(t)
 	geth := runGeth(t,
-		"--datadir", datadir, "--nat", "none", "--nodiscover", "--dev",
+		"--datadir", datadir, "--nat", "none", "--nodiscover", "--maxpeers", "0", "--port", "0",
 		"--unlock", "0,2",
 		"js", "testdata/empty.js")
 	geth.Expect(`
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ Passphrase: {{.InputLine "foobar"}}
 func TestUnlockFlagPasswordFile(t *testing.T) {
 	datadir := tmpDatadirWithKeystore(t)
 	geth := runGeth(t,
-		"--datadir", datadir, "--nat", "none", "--nodiscover", "--dev",
+		"--datadir", datadir, "--nat", "none", "--nodiscover", "--maxpeers", "0", "--port", "0",
 		"--password", "testdata/passwords.txt", "--unlock", "0,2",
 		"js", "testdata/empty.js")
 	geth.ExpectExit()
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ func TestUnlockFlagPasswordFile(t *testing.T) {
 func TestUnlockFlagPasswordFileWrongPassword(t *testing.T) {
 	datadir := tmpDatadirWithKeystore(t)
 	geth := runGeth(t,
-		"--datadir", datadir, "--nat", "none", "--nodiscover", "--dev",
+		"--datadir", datadir, "--nat", "none", "--nodiscover", "--maxpeers", "0", "--port", "0",
 		"--password", "testdata/wrong-passwords.txt", "--unlock", "0,2")
 	defer geth.ExpectExit()
 	geth.Expect(`
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ Fatal: Failed to unlock account 0 (could not decrypt key with given passphrase)
 func TestUnlockFlagAmbiguous(t *testing.T) {
 	store := filepath.Join("..", "..", "accounts", "keystore", "testdata", "dupes")
 	geth := runGeth(t,
-		"--keystore", store, "--nat", "none", "--nodiscover", "--dev",
+		"--keystore", store, "--nat", "none", "--nodiscover", "--maxpeers", "0", "--port", "0",
 		"--unlock", "f466859ead1932d743d622cb74fc058882e8648a",
 		"js", "testdata/empty.js")
 	defer geth.ExpectExit()
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ In order to avoid this warning, you need to remove the following duplicate key f
 func TestUnlockFlagAmbiguousWrongPassword(t *testing.T) {
 	store := filepath.Join("..", "..", "accounts", "keystore", "testdata", "dupes")
 	geth := runGeth(t,
-		"--keystore", store, "--nat", "none", "--nodiscover", "--dev",
+		"--keystore", store, "--nat", "none", "--nodiscover", "--maxpeers", "0", "--port", "0",
 		"--unlock", "f466859ead1932d743d622cb74fc058882e8648a")
 	defer geth.ExpectExit()
 

cmd/geth/bugcmd.go

@@ -49,15 +49,17 @@ func reportBug(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	// execute template and write contents to buff
 	var buff bytes.Buffer
 
-	fmt.Fprintln(&buff, header)
+	fmt.Fprintln(&buff, "#### System information")
+	fmt.Fprintln(&buff)
 	fmt.Fprintln(&buff, "Version:", params.Version)
 	fmt.Fprintln(&buff, "Go Version:", runtime.Version())
 	fmt.Fprintln(&buff, "OS:", runtime.GOOS)
 	printOSDetails(&buff)
+	fmt.Fprintln(&buff, header)
 
 	// open a new GH issue
 	if !browser.Open(issueUrl + "?body=" + url.QueryEscape(buff.String())) {
-		fmt.Printf("Please file a new issue at %s using this template:\n%s", issueUrl, buff.String())
+		fmt.Printf("Please file a new issue at %s using this template:\n\n%s", issueUrl, buff.String())
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -97,13 +99,15 @@ func printCmdOut(w io.Writer, prefix, path string, args ...string) {
 	fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s%s\n", prefix, bytes.TrimSpace(out))
 }
 
-const header = `Please answer these questions before submitting your issue. Thanks!
+const header = `
+#### Expected behaviour
 
-#### What did you do?
- 
-#### What did you expect to see?
- 
-#### What did you see instead?
- 
-#### System details
+
+#### Actual behaviour
+
+
+#### Steps to reproduce the behaviour
+
+
+#### Backtrace
 `

cmd/geth/chaincmd.go

@@ -67,6 +67,9 @@ It expects the genesis file as argument.`,
 			utils.DataDirFlag,
 			utils.CacheFlag,
 			utils.LightModeFlag,
+			utils.GCModeFlag,
+			utils.CacheDatabaseFlag,
+			utils.CacheGCFlag,
 		},
 		Category: "BLOCKCHAIN COMMANDS",
 		Description: `
@@ -92,6 +95,34 @@ Requires a first argument of the file to write to.
 Optional second and third arguments control the first and
 last block to write. In this mode, the file will be appended
 if already existing.`,
+	}
+	importPreimagesCommand = cli.Command{
+		Action:    utils.MigrateFlags(importPreimages),
+		Name:      "import-preimages",
+		Usage:     "Import the preimage database from an RLP stream",
+		ArgsUsage: "<datafile>",
+		Flags: []cli.Flag{
+			utils.DataDirFlag,
+			utils.CacheFlag,
+			utils.LightModeFlag,
+		},
+		Category: "BLOCKCHAIN COMMANDS",
+		Description: `
+	The import-preimages command imports hash preimages from an RLP encoded stream.`,
+	}
+	exportPreimagesCommand = cli.Command{
+		Action:    utils.MigrateFlags(exportPreimages),
+		Name:      "export-preimages",
+		Usage:     "Export the preimage database into an RLP stream",
+		ArgsUsage: "<dumpfile>",
+		Flags: []cli.Flag{
+			utils.DataDirFlag,
+			utils.CacheFlag,
+			utils.LightModeFlag,
+		},
+		Category: "BLOCKCHAIN COMMANDS",
+		Description: `
+The export-preimages command export hash preimages to an RLP encoded stream`,
 	}
 	copydbCommand = cli.Command{
 		Action:    utils.MigrateFlags(copyDb),
@@ -202,7 +233,7 @@ func importChain(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 
 	if len(ctx.Args()) == 1 {
 		if err := utils.ImportChain(chain, ctx.Args().First()); err != nil {
-			utils.Fatalf("Import error: %v", err)
+			log.Error("Import error", "err", err)
 		}
 	} else {
 		for _, arg := range ctx.Args() {
@@ -211,7 +242,7 @@ func importChain(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 			}
 		}
 	}
-
+	chain.Stop()
 	fmt.Printf("Import done in %v.\n\n", time.Since(start))
 
 	// Output pre-compaction stats mostly to see the import trashing
@@ -222,6 +253,13 @@ func importChain(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 		utils.Fatalf("Failed to read database stats: %v", err)
 	}
 	fmt.Println(stats)
+
+	ioStats, err := db.LDB().GetProperty("leveldb.iostats")
+	if err != nil {
+		utils.Fatalf("Failed to read database iostats: %v", err)
+	}
+	fmt.Println(ioStats)
+
 	fmt.Printf("Trie cache misses:  %d\n", trie.CacheMisses())
 	fmt.Printf("Trie cache unloads: %d\n\n", trie.CacheUnloads())
 
@@ -252,6 +290,12 @@ func importChain(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	}
 	fmt.Println(stats)
 
+	ioStats, err = db.LDB().GetProperty("leveldb.iostats")
+	if err != nil {
+		utils.Fatalf("Failed to read database iostats: %v", err)
+	}
+	fmt.Println(ioStats)
+
 	return nil
 }
 
@@ -283,7 +327,39 @@ func exportChain(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		utils.Fatalf("Export error: %v\n", err)
 	}
-	fmt.Printf("Export done in %v", time.Since(start))
+	fmt.Printf("Export done in %v\n", time.Since(start))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// importPreimages imports preimage data from the specified file.
+func importPreimages(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+	if len(ctx.Args()) < 1 {
+		utils.Fatalf("This command requires an argument.")
+	}
+	stack := makeFullNode(ctx)
+	diskdb := utils.MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack).(*ethdb.LDBDatabase)
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	if err := utils.ImportPreimages(diskdb, ctx.Args().First()); err != nil {
+		utils.Fatalf("Export error: %v\n", err)
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("Export done in %v\n", time.Since(start))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// exportPreimages dumps the preimage data to specified json file in streaming way.
+func exportPreimages(ctx *cli.Context) error {
+	if len(ctx.Args()) < 1 {
+		utils.Fatalf("This command requires an argument.")
+	}
+	stack := makeFullNode(ctx)
+	diskdb := utils.MakeChainDatabase(ctx, stack).(*ethdb.LDBDatabase)
+
+	start := time.Now()
+	if err := utils.ExportPreimages(diskdb, ctx.Args().First()); err != nil {
+		utils.Fatalf("Export error: %v\n", err)
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("Export done in %v\n", time.Since(start))
 	return nil
 }
 

cmd/geth/config.go

@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"bufio"
-	"encoding/hex"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
@@ -29,11 +28,11 @@ import (
 	cli "gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/contracts/release"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/dashboard"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/node"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
-	whisper "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/whisper/whisperv5"
+	whisper "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/whisper/whisperv6"
 	"github.com/naoina/toml"
 )
 
@@ -76,10 +75,11 @@ type ethstatsConfig struct {
 }
 
 type gethConfig struct {
-	Eth      eth.Config
-	Shh      whisper.Config
-	Node     node.Config
-	Ethstats ethstatsConfig
+	Eth       eth.Config
+	Shh       whisper.Config
+	Node      node.Config
+	Ethstats  ethstatsConfig
+	Dashboard dashboard.Config
 }
 
 func loadConfig(file string, cfg *gethConfig) error {
@@ -110,9 +110,10 @@ func defaultNodeConfig() node.Config {
 func makeConfigNode(ctx *cli.Context) (*node.Node, gethConfig) {
 	// Load defaults.
 	cfg := gethConfig{
-		Eth:  eth.DefaultConfig,
-		Shh:  whisper.DefaultConfig,
-		Node: defaultNodeConfig(),
+		Eth:       eth.DefaultConfig,
+		Shh:       whisper.DefaultConfig,
+		Node:      defaultNodeConfig(),
+		Dashboard: dashboard.DefaultConfig,
 	}
 
 	// Load config file.
@@ -134,6 +135,7 @@ func makeConfigNode(ctx *cli.Context) (*node.Node, gethConfig) {
 	}
 
 	utils.SetShhConfig(ctx, stack, &cfg.Shh)
+	utils.SetDashboardConfig(ctx, &cfg.Dashboard)
 
 	return stack, cfg
 }
@@ -153,9 +155,12 @@ func makeFullNode(ctx *cli.Context) *node.Node {
 
 	utils.RegisterEthService(stack, &cfg.Eth)
 
+	if ctx.GlobalBool(utils.DashboardEnabledFlag.Name) {
+		utils.RegisterDashboardService(stack, &cfg.Dashboard, gitCommit)
+	}
 	// Whisper must be explicitly enabled by specifying at least 1 whisper flag or in dev mode
 	shhEnabled := enableWhisper(ctx)
-	shhAutoEnabled := !ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.WhisperEnabledFlag.Name) && ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.DevModeFlag.Name)
+	shhAutoEnabled := !ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.WhisperEnabledFlag.Name) && ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.DeveloperFlag.Name)
 	if shhEnabled || shhAutoEnabled {
 		if ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.WhisperMaxMessageSizeFlag.Name) {
 			cfg.Shh.MaxMessageSize = uint32(ctx.Int(utils.WhisperMaxMessageSizeFlag.Name))
@@ -170,21 +175,6 @@ func makeFullNode(ctx *cli.Context) *node.Node {
 	if cfg.Ethstats.URL != "" {
 		utils.RegisterEthStatsService(stack, cfg.Ethstats.URL)
 	}
-
-	// Add the release oracle service so it boots along with node.
-	if err := stack.Register(func(ctx *node.ServiceContext) (node.Service, error) {
-		config := release.Config{
-			Oracle: relOracle,
-			Major:  uint32(params.VersionMajor),
-			Minor:  uint32(params.VersionMinor),
-			Patch:  uint32(params.VersionPatch),
-		}
-		commit, _ := hex.DecodeString(gitCommit)
-		copy(config.Commit[:], commit)
-		return release.NewReleaseService(ctx, config)
-	}); err != nil {
-		utils.Fatalf("Failed to register the Geth release oracle service: %v", err)
-	}
 	return stack
 }
 

cmd/geth/consolecmd.go

@@ -17,9 +17,12 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
+	"syscall"
 
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/console"
@@ -40,7 +43,7 @@ var (
 		Description: `
 The Geth console is an interactive shell for the JavaScript runtime environment
 which exposes a node admin interface as well as the Ðapp JavaScript API.
-See https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki/Javascipt-Console.`,
+See https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki/JavaScript-Console.`,
 	}
 
 	attachCommand = cli.Command{
@@ -53,7 +56,7 @@ See https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki/Javascipt-Console.`,
 		Description: `
 The Geth console is an interactive shell for the JavaScript runtime environment
 which exposes a node admin interface as well as the Ðapp JavaScript API.
-See https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki/Javascipt-Console.
+See https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki/JavaScript-Console.
 This command allows to open a console on a running geth node.`,
 	}
 
@@ -66,7 +69,7 @@ This command allows to open a console on a running geth node.`,
 		Category:  "CONSOLE COMMANDS",
 		Description: `
 The JavaScript VM exposes a node admin interface as well as the Ðapp
-JavaScript API. See https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki/Javascipt-Console`,
+JavaScript API. See https://github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/wiki/JavaScript-Console`,
 	}
 )
 
@@ -112,7 +115,22 @@ func localConsole(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 // console to it.
 func remoteConsole(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	// Attach to a remotely running geth instance and start the JavaScript console
-	client, err := dialRPC(ctx.Args().First())
+	endpoint := ctx.Args().First()
+	if endpoint == "" {
+		path := node.DefaultDataDir()
+		if ctx.GlobalIsSet(utils.DataDirFlag.Name) {
+			path = ctx.GlobalString(utils.DataDirFlag.Name)
+		}
+		if path != "" {
+			if ctx.GlobalBool(utils.TestnetFlag.Name) {
+				path = filepath.Join(path, "testnet")
+			} else if ctx.GlobalBool(utils.RinkebyFlag.Name) {
+				path = filepath.Join(path, "rinkeby")
+			}
+		}
+		endpoint = fmt.Sprintf("%s/geth.ipc", path)
+	}
+	client, err := dialRPC(endpoint)
 	if err != nil {
 		utils.Fatalf("Unable to attach to remote geth: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -190,7 +208,7 @@ func ephemeralConsole(ctx *cli.Context) error {
 	}
 	// Wait for pending callbacks, but stop for Ctrl-C.
 	abort := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
-	signal.Notify(abort, os.Interrupt)
+	signal.Notify(abort, syscall.SIGINT, syscall.SIGTERM)
 
 	go func() {
 		<-abort

cmd/geth/main.go

@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/keystore"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
-	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/console"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/eth"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethclient"
@@ -46,8 +45,6 @@ const (
 var (
 	// Git SHA1 commit hash of the release (set via linker flags)
 	gitCommit = ""
-	// Ethereum address of the Geth release oracle.
-	relOracle = common.HexToAddress("0xfa7b9770ca4cb04296cac84f37736d4041251cdf")
 	// The app that holds all commands and flags.
 	app = utils.NewApp(gitCommit, "the go-ethereum command line interface")
 	// flags that configure the node
@@ -61,6 +58,10 @@ var (
 		utils.DataDirFlag,
 		utils.KeyStoreDirFlag,
 		utils.NoUSBFlag,
+		utils.DashboardEnabledFlag,
+		utils.DashboardAddrFlag,
+		utils.DashboardPortFlag,
+		utils.DashboardRefreshFlag,
 		utils.EthashCacheDirFlag,
 		utils.EthashCachesInMemoryFlag,
 		utils.EthashCachesOnDiskFlag,
@@ -80,10 +81,13 @@ var (
 		utils.FastSyncFlag,
 		utils.LightModeFlag,
 		utils.SyncModeFlag,
+		utils.GCModeFlag,
 		utils.LightServFlag,
 		utils.LightPeersFlag,
 		utils.LightKDFFlag,
 		utils.CacheFlag,
+		utils.CacheDatabaseFlag,
+		utils.CacheGCFlag,
 		utils.TrieCacheGenFlag,
 		utils.ListenPortFlag,
 		utils.MaxPeersFlag,
@@ -99,12 +103,14 @@ var (
 		utils.NetrestrictFlag,
 		utils.NodeKeyFileFlag,
 		utils.NodeKeyHexFlag,
-		utils.DevModeFlag,
+		utils.DeveloperFlag,
+		utils.DeveloperPeriodFlag,
 		utils.TestnetFlag,
 		utils.RinkebyFlag,
 		utils.VMEnableDebugFlag,
 		utils.NetworkIdFlag,
 		utils.RPCCORSDomainFlag,
+		utils.RPCVirtualHostsFlag,
 		utils.EthStatsURLFlag,
 		utils.MetricsEnabledFlag,
 		utils.FakePoWFlag,
@@ -146,6 +152,8 @@ func init() {
 		initCommand,
 		importCommand,
 		exportCommand,
+		importPreimagesCommand,
+		exportPreimagesCommand,
 		copydbCommand,
 		removedbCommand,
 		dumpCommand,
@@ -233,7 +241,7 @@ func startNode(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node) {
 	stack.AccountManager().Subscribe(events)
 
 	go func() {
-		// Create an chain state reader for self-derivation
+		// Create a chain state reader for self-derivation
 		rpcClient, err := stack.Attach()
 		if err != nil {
 			utils.Fatalf("Failed to attach to self: %v", err)
@@ -270,11 +278,14 @@ func startNode(ctx *cli.Context, stack *node.Node) {
 		}
 	}()
 	// Start auxiliary services if enabled
-	if ctx.GlobalBool(utils.MiningEnabledFlag.Name) {
+	if ctx.GlobalBool(utils.MiningEnabledFlag.Name) || ctx.GlobalBool(utils.DeveloperFlag.Name) {
 		// Mining only makes sense if a full Ethereum node is running
+		if ctx.GlobalBool(utils.LightModeFlag.Name) || ctx.GlobalString(utils.SyncModeFlag.Name) == "light" {
+			utils.Fatalf("Light clients do not support mining")
+		}
 		var ethereum *eth.Ethereum
 		if err := stack.Service(&ethereum); err != nil {
-			utils.Fatalf("ethereum service not running: %v", err)
+			utils.Fatalf("Ethereum service not running: %v", err)
 		}
 		// Use a reduced number of threads if requested
 		if threads := ctx.GlobalInt(utils.MinerThreadsFlag.Name); threads > 0 {

cmd/geth/misccmd.go

@@ -134,7 +134,6 @@ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
 GNU General Public License for more details.
 
 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-along with geth. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
-`)
+along with geth. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.`)
 	return nil
 }

cmd/geth/usage.go

@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"sort"
 
+	"strings"
+
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/cmd/utils"
 	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/internal/debug"
 	"gopkg.in/urfave/cli.v1"
@@ -72,8 +74,8 @@ var AppHelpFlagGroups = []flagGroup{
 			utils.NetworkIdFlag,
 			utils.TestnetFlag,
 			utils.RinkebyFlag,
-			utils.DevModeFlag,
 			utils.SyncModeFlag,
+			utils.GCModeFlag,
 			utils.EthStatsURLFlag,
 			utils.IdentityFlag,
 			utils.LightServFlag,
@@ -81,6 +83,12 @@ var AppHelpFlagGroups = []flagGroup{
 			utils.LightKDFFlag,
 		},
 	},
+	{Name: "DEVELOPER CHAIN",
+		Flags: []cli.Flag{
+			utils.DeveloperFlag,
+			utils.DeveloperPeriodFlag,
+		},
+	},
 	{
 		Name: "ETHASH",
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
@@ -92,6 +100,16 @@ var AppHelpFlagGroups = []flagGroup{
 			utils.EthashDatasetsOnDiskFlag,
 		},
 	},
+	//{
+	//	Name: "DASHBOARD",
+	//	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+	//		utils.DashboardEnabledFlag,
+	//		utils.DashboardAddrFlag,
+	//		utils.DashboardPortFlag,
+	//		utils.DashboardRefreshFlag,
+	//		utils.DashboardAssetsFlag,
+	//	},
+	//},
 	{
 		Name: "TRANSACTION POOL",
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
@@ -111,6 +129,8 @@ var AppHelpFlagGroups = []flagGroup{
 		Name: "PERFORMANCE TUNING",
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
 			utils.CacheFlag,
+			utils.CacheDatabaseFlag,
+			utils.CacheGCFlag,
 			utils.TrieCacheGenFlag,
 		},
 	},
@@ -136,6 +156,7 @@ var AppHelpFlagGroups = []flagGroup{
 			utils.IPCDisabledFlag,
 			utils.IPCPathFlag,
 			utils.RPCCORSDomainFlag,
+			utils.RPCVirtualHostsFlag,
 			utils.JSpathFlag,
 			utils.ExecFlag,
 			utils.PreloadJSFlag,
@@ -263,6 +284,9 @@ func init() {
 			uncategorized := []cli.Flag{}
 			for _, flag := range data.(*cli.App).Flags {
 				if _, ok := categorized[flag.String()]; !ok {
+					if strings.HasPrefix(flag.GetName(), "dashboard") {
+						continue
+					}
 					uncategorized = append(uncategorized, flag)
 				}
 			}

cmd/p2psim/main.go

@@ -1,3 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2017 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
 // p2psim provides a command-line client for a simulation HTTP API.
 //
 // Here is an example of creating a 2 node network with the first node

cmd/puppeth/genesis.go

@@ -0,0 +1,379 @@
+// Copyright 2017 The go-ethereum Authors
+// This file is part of go-ethereum.
+//
+// go-ethereum is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+// it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+// (at your option) any later version.
+//
+// go-ethereum is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+// GNU General Public License for more details.
+//
+// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+// along with go-ethereum. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
+	"math"
+
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/consensus/ethash"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core"
+	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
+)
+
+// cppEthereumGenesisSpec represents the genesis specification format used by the
+// C++ Ethereum implementation.
+type cppEthereumGenesisSpec struct {
+	SealEngine string `json:"sealEngine"`
+	Params     struct {
+		AccountStartNonce       hexutil.Uint64 `json:"accountStartNonce"`
+		HomesteadForkBlock      hexutil.Uint64 `json:"homesteadForkBlock"`
+		EIP150ForkBlock         hexutil.Uint64 `json:"EIP150ForkBlock"`
+		EIP158ForkBlock         hexutil.Uint64 `json:"EIP158ForkBlock"`
+		ByzantiumForkBlock      hexutil.Uint64 `json:"byzantiumForkBlock"`
+		ConstantinopleForkBlock hexutil.Uint64 `json:"constantinopleForkBlock"`
+		NetworkID               hexutil.Uint64 `json:"networkID"`
+		ChainID                 hexutil.Uint64 `json:"chainID"`
+		MaximumExtraDataSize    hexutil.Uint64 `json:"maximumExtraDataSize"`
+		MinGasLimit             hexutil.Uint64 `json:"minGasLimit"`
+		MaxGasLimit             hexutil.Uint64 `json:"maxGasLimit"`
+		GasLimitBoundDivisor    hexutil.Uint64 `json:"gasLimitBoundDivisor"`
+		MinimumDifficulty       *hexutil.Big   `json:"minimumDifficulty"`
+		DifficultyBoundDivisor  *hexutil.Big   `json:"difficultyBoundDivisor"`
+		DurationLimit           *hexutil.Big   `json:"durationLimit"`
+		BlockReward             *hexutil.Big   `json:"blockReward"`
+	} `json:"params"`
+
+	Genesis struct {
+		Nonce      hexutil.Bytes  `json:"nonce"`
+		Difficulty *hexutil.Big   `json:"difficulty"`
+		MixHash    common.Hash    `json:"mixHash"`
+		Author     common.Address `json:"author"`
+		Timestamp  hexutil.Uint64 `json:"timestamp"`
+		ParentHash common.Hash    `json:"parentHash"`
+		ExtraData  hexutil.Bytes  `json:"extraData"`
+		GasLimit   hexutil.Uint64 `json:"gasLimit"`
+	} `json:"genesis"`
+
+	Accounts map[common.Address]*cppEthereumGenesisSpecAccount `json:"accounts"`
+}
+
+// cppEthereumGenesisSpecAccount is the prefunded genesis account and/or precompiled
+// contract definition.
+type cppEthereumGenesisSpecAccount struct {
+	Balance     *hexutil.Big                   `json:"balance"`
+	Nonce       uint64                         `json:"nonce,omitempty"`
+	Precompiled *cppEthereumGenesisSpecBuiltin `json:"precompiled,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// cppEthereumGenesisSpecBuiltin is the precompiled contract definition.
+type cppEthereumGenesisSpecBuiltin struct {
+	Name          string                               `json:"name,omitempty"`
+	StartingBlock hexutil.Uint64                       `json:"startingBlock,omitempty"`
+	Linear        *cppEthereumGenesisSpecLinearPricing `json:"linear,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type cppEthereumGenesisSpecLinearPricing struct {
+	Base uint64 `json:"base"`
+	Word uint64 `json:"word"`
+}
+
+// newCppEthereumGenesisSpec converts a go-ethereum genesis block into a Parity specific
+// chain specification format.
+func newCppEthereumGenesisSpec(network string, genesis *core.Genesis) (*cppEthereumGenesisSpec, error) {
+	// Only ethash is currently supported between go-ethereum and cpp-ethereum
+	if genesis.Config.Ethash == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("unsupported consensus engine")
+	}
+	// Reconstruct the chain spec in Parity's format
+	spec := &cppEthereumGenesisSpec{
+		SealEngine: "Ethash",
+	}
+	spec.Params.AccountStartNonce = 0
+	spec.Params.HomesteadForkBlock = (hexutil.Uint64)(genesis.Config.HomesteadBlock.Uint64())
+	spec.Params.EIP150ForkBlock = (hexutil.Uint64)(genesis.Config.EIP150Block.Uint64())
+	spec.Params.EIP158ForkBlock = (hexutil.Uint64)(genesis.Config.EIP158Block.Uint64())
+	spec.Params.ByzantiumForkBlock = (hexutil.Uint64)(genesis.Config.ByzantiumBlock.Uint64())
+	spec.Params.ConstantinopleForkBlock = (hexutil.Uint64)(math.MaxUint64)
+
+	spec.Params.NetworkID = (hexutil.Uint64)(genesis.Config.ChainId.Uint64())
+	spec.Params.ChainID = (hexutil.Uint64)(genesis.Config.ChainId.Uint64())
+
+	spec.Params.MaximumExtraDataSize = (hexutil.Uint64)(params.MaximumExtraDataSize)
+	spec.Params.MinGasLimit = (hexutil.Uint64)(params.MinGasLimit)
+	spec.Params.MaxGasLimit = (hexutil.Uint64)(math.MaxUint64)
+	spec.Params.MinimumDifficulty = (*hexutil.Big)(params.MinimumDifficulty)
+	spec.Params.DifficultyBoundDivisor = (*hexutil.Big)(params.DifficultyBoundDivisor)
+	spec.Params.GasLimitBoundDivisor = (hexutil.Uint64)(params.GasLimitBoundDivisor)
+	spec.Params.DurationLimit = (*hexutil.Big)(params.DurationLimit)
+	spec.Params.BlockReward = (*hexutil.Big)(ethash.FrontierBlockReward)
+
+	spec.Genesis.Nonce = (hexutil.Bytes)(make([]byte, 8))
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(spec.Genesis.Nonce[:], genesis.Nonce)
+
+	spec.Genesis.MixHash = genesis.Mixhash
+	spec.Genesis.Difficulty = (*hexutil.Big)(genesis.Difficulty)
+	spec.Genesis.Author = genesis.Coinbase
+	spec.Genesis.Timestamp = (hexutil.Uint64)(genesis.Timestamp)
+	spec.Genesis.ParentHash = genesis.ParentHash
+	spec.Genesis.ExtraData = (hexutil.Bytes)(genesis.ExtraData)
+	spec.Genesis.GasLimit = (hexutil.Uint64)(genesis.GasLimit)
+
+	spec.Accounts = make(map[common.Address]*cppEthereumGenesisSpecAccount)
+	for address, account := range genesis.Alloc {
+		spec.Accounts[address] = &cppEthereumGenesisSpecAccount{
+			Balance: (*hexutil.Big)(account.Balance),
+			Nonce:   account.Nonce,
+		}
+	}
+	spec.Accounts[common.BytesToAddress([]byte{1})].Precompiled = &cppEthereumGenesisSpecBuiltin{
+		Name: "ecrecover", Linear: &cppEthereumGenesisSpecLinearPricing{Base: 3000},
+	}
+	spec.Accounts[common.BytesToAddress([]byte{2})].Precompiled = &cppEthereumGenesisSpecBuiltin{
+		Name: "sha256", Linear: &cppEthereumGenesisSpecLinearPricing{Base: 60, Word: 12},
+	}
+	spec.Accounts[common.BytesToAddress([]byte{3})].Precompiled = &cppEthereumGenesisSpecBuiltin{
+		Name: "ripemd160", Linear: &cppEthereumGenesisSpecLinearPricing{Base: 600, Word: 120},
+	}
+	spec.Accounts[common.BytesToAddress([]byte{4})].Precompiled = &cppEthereumGenesisSpecBuiltin{
+		Name: "identity", Linear: &cppEthereumGenesisSpecLinearPricing{Base: 15, Word: 3},
+	}
+	if genesis.Config.ByzantiumBlock != nil {
+		spec.Accounts[common.BytesToAddress([]byte{5})].Precompiled = &cppEthereumGenesisSpecBuiltin{
+			Name: "modexp", StartingBlock: (hexutil.Uint64)(genesis.Config.ByzantiumBlock.Uint64()),
+		}
+		spec.Accounts[common.BytesToAddress([]byte{6})].Precompiled = &cppEthereumGenesisSpecBuiltin{
+			Name: "alt_bn128_G1_add", StartingBlock: (hexutil.Uint64)(genesis.Config.ByzantiumBlock.Uint64()), Linear: &cppEthereumGenesisSpecLinearPricing{Base: 500},
+		}
+		spec.Accounts[common.BytesToAddress([]byte{7})].Precompiled = &cppEthereumGenesisSpecBuiltin{
+			Name: "alt_bn128_G1_mul", StartingBlock: (hexutil.Uint64)(genesis.Config.ByzantiumBlock.Uint64()), Linear: &cppEthereumGenesisSpecLinearPricing{Base: 40000},
+		}
+		spec.Accounts[common.BytesToAddress([]byte{8})].Precompiled = &cppEthereumGenesisSpecBuiltin{
+			Name: "alt_bn128_pairing_product", StartingBlock: (hexutil.Uint64)(genesis.Config.ByzantiumBlock.Uint64()),
+		}
+	}
+	return spec, nil
+}
+
+// parityChainSpec is the chain specification format used by Parity.
+type parityChainSpec struct {
+	Name   string `json:"name"`
+	Engine struct {
+		Ethash struct {
+			Params struct {
+				MinimumDifficulty      *hexutil.Big `json:"minimumDifficulty"`
+				DifficultyBoundDivisor *hexutil.Big `json:"difficultyBoundDivisor"`
+				DurationLimit          *hexutil.Big `json:"durationLimit"`
+				BlockReward            *hexutil.Big `json:"blockReward"`
+				HomesteadTransition    uint64       `json:"homesteadTransition"`
+				EIP150Transition       uint64       `json:"eip150Transition"`
+				EIP160Transition       uint64       `json:"eip160Transition"`
+				EIP161abcTransition    uint64       `json:"eip161abcTransition"`
+				EIP161dTransition      uint64       `json:"eip161dTransition"`
+				EIP649Reward           *hexutil.Big `json:"eip649Reward"`
+				EIP100bTransition      uint64       `json:"eip100bTransition"`
+				EIP649Transition       uint64       `json:"eip649Transition"`
+			} `json:"params"`
+		} `json:"Ethash"`
+	} `json:"engine"`
+
+	Params struct {
+		MaximumExtraDataSize hexutil.Uint64 `json:"maximumExtraDataSize"`
+		MinGasLimit          hexutil.Uint64 `json:"minGasLimit"`
+		GasLimitBoundDivisor hexutil.Uint64 `json:"gasLimitBoundDivisor"`
+		NetworkID            hexutil.Uint64 `json:"networkID"`
+		MaxCodeSize          uint64         `json:"maxCodeSize"`
+		EIP155Transition     uint64         `json:"eip155Transition"`
+		EIP98Transition      uint64         `json:"eip98Transition"`
+		EIP86Transition      uint64         `json:"eip86Transition"`
+		EIP140Transition     uint64         `json:"eip140Transition"`
+		EIP211Transition     uint64         `json:"eip211Transition"`
+		EIP214Transition     uint64         `json:"eip214Transition"`
+		EIP658Transition     uint64         `json:"eip658Transition"`
+	} `json:"params"`
+
+	Genesis struct {
+		Seal struct {
+			Ethereum struct {
+				Nonce   hexutil.Bytes `json:"nonce"`
+				MixHash hexutil.Bytes `json:"mixHash"`
+			} `json:"ethereum"`
+		} `json:"seal"`
+
+		Difficulty *hexutil.Big   `json:"difficulty"`
+		Author     common.Address `json:"author"`
+		Timestamp  hexutil.Uint64 `json:"timestamp"`
+		ParentHash common.Hash    `json:"parentHash"`
+		ExtraData  hexutil.Bytes  `json:"extraData"`
+		GasLimit   hexutil.Uint64 `json:"gasLimit"`
+	} `json:"genesis"`
+
+	Nodes    []string                                   `json:"nodes"`
+	Accounts map[common.Address]*parityChainSpecAccount `json:"accounts"`
+}
+
+// parityChainSpecAccount is the prefunded genesis account and/or precompiled
+// contract definition.
+type parityChainSpecAccount struct {
+	Balance *hexutil.Big            `json:"balance"`
+	Nonce   uint64                  `json:"nonce,omitempty"`
+	Builtin *parityChainSpecBuiltin `json:"builtin,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// parityChainSpecBuiltin is the precompiled contract definition.
+type parityChainSpecBuiltin struct {
+	Name       string                  `json:"name,omitempty"`
+	ActivateAt uint64                  `json:"activate_at,omitempty"`
+	Pricing    *parityChainSpecPricing `json:"pricing,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// parityChainSpecPricing represents the different pricing models that builtin
+// contracts might advertise using.
+type parityChainSpecPricing struct {
+	Linear       *parityChainSpecLinearPricing       `json:"linear,omitempty"`
+	ModExp       *parityChainSpecModExpPricing       `json:"modexp,omitempty"`
+	AltBnPairing *parityChainSpecAltBnPairingPricing `json:"alt_bn128_pairing,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type parityChainSpecLinearPricing struct {
+	Base uint64 `json:"base"`
+	Word uint64 `json:"word"`
+}
+
+type parityChainSpecModExpPricing struct {
+	Divisor uint64 `json:"divisor"`
+}
+
+type parityChainSpecAltBnPairingPricing struct {
+	Base uint64 `json:"base"`
+	Pair uint64 `json:"pair"`
+}
+
+// newParityChainSpec converts a go-ethereum genesis block into a Parity specific
+// chain specification format.
+func newParityChainSpec(network string, genesis *core.Genesis, bootnodes []string) (*parityChainSpec, error) {
+	// Only ethash is currently supported between go-ethereum and Parity
+	if genesis.Config.Ethash == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("unsupported consensus engine")
+	}
+	// Reconstruct the chain spec in Parity's format
+	spec := &parityChainSpec{
+		Name:  network,
+		Nodes: bootnodes,
+	}
+	spec.Engine.Ethash.Params.MinimumDifficulty = (*hexutil.Big)(params.MinimumDifficulty)
+	spec.Engine.Ethash.Params.DifficultyBoundDivisor = (*hexutil.Big)(params.DifficultyBoundDivisor)
+	spec.Engine.Ethash.Params.DurationLimit = (*hexutil.Big)(params.DurationLimit)
+	spec.Engine.Ethash.Params.BlockReward = (*hexutil.Big)(ethash.FrontierBlockReward)
+	spec.Engine.Ethash.Params.HomesteadTransition = genesis.Config.HomesteadBlock.Uint64()
+	spec.Engine.Ethash.Params.EIP150Transition = genesis.Config.EIP150Block.Uint64()
+	spec.Engine.Ethash.Params.EIP160Transition = genesis.Config.EIP155Block.Uint64()
+	spec.Engine.Ethash.Params.EIP161abcTransition = genesis.Config.EIP158Block.Uint64()
+	spec.Engine.Ethash.Params.EIP161dTransition = genesis.Config.EIP158Block.Uint64()
+	spec.Engine.Ethash.Params.EIP649Reward = (*hexutil.Big)(ethash.ByzantiumBlockReward)
+	spec.Engine.Ethash.Params.EIP100bTransition = genesis.Config.ByzantiumBlock.Uint64()
+	spec.Engine.Ethash.Params.EIP649Transition = genesis.Config.ByzantiumBlock.Uint64()
+
+	spec.Params.MaximumExtraDataSize = (hexutil.Uint64)(params.MaximumExtraDataSize)
+	spec.Params.MinGasLimit = (hexutil.Uint64)(params.MinGasLimit)
+	spec.Params.GasLimitBoundDivisor = (hexutil.Uint64)(params.GasLimitBoundDivisor)
+	spec.Params.NetworkID = (hexutil.Uint64)(genesis.Config.ChainId.Uint64())
+	spec.Params.MaxCodeSize = params.MaxCodeSize
+	spec.Params.EIP155Transition = genesis.Config.EIP155Block.Uint64()
+	spec.Params.EIP98Transition = math.MaxUint64
+	spec.Params.EIP86Transition = math.MaxUint64
+	spec.Params.EIP140Transition = genesis.Config.ByzantiumBlock.Uint64()
+	spec.Params.EIP211Transition = genesis.Config.ByzantiumBlock.Uint64()
+	spec.Params.EIP214Transition = genesis.Config.ByzantiumBlock.Uint64()
+	spec.Params.EIP658Transition = genesis.Config.ByzantiumBlock.Uint64()
+
+	spec.Genesis.Seal.Ethereum.Nonce = (hexutil.Bytes)(make([]byte, 8))
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(spec.Genesis.Seal.Ethereum.Nonce[:], genesis.Nonce)
+
+	spec.Genesis.Seal.Ethereum.MixHash = (hexutil.Bytes)(genesis.Mixhash[:])
+	spec.Genesis.Difficulty = (*hexutil.Big)(genesis.Difficulty)
+	spec.Genesis.Author = genesis.Coinbase
+	spec.Genesis.Timestamp = (hexutil.Uint64)(genesis.Timestamp)
+	spec.Genesis.ParentHash = genesis.ParentHash
+	spec.Genesis.ExtraData = (hexutil.Bytes)(genesis.ExtraData)
+	spec.Genesis.GasLimit = (hexutil.Uint64)(genesis.GasLimit)
+
+	spec.Accounts = make(map[common.Address]*parityChainSpecAccount)
+	for address, account := range genesis.Alloc {
+		spec.Accounts[address] = &parityChainSpecAccount{
+			Balance: (*hexutil.Big)(account.Balance),
+			Nonce:   account.Nonce,
+		}
+	}
+	spec.Accounts[common.BytesToAddress([]byte{1})].Builtin = &parityChainSpecBuiltin{
+		Name: "ecrecover", Pricing: &parityChainSpecPricing{Linear: &parityChainSpecLinearPricing{Base: 3000}},
+	}
+	spec.Accounts[common.BytesToAddress([]byte{2})].Builtin = &parityChainSpecBuiltin{
+		Name: "sha256", Pricing: &parityChainSpecPricing{Linear: &parityChainSpecLinearPricing{Base: 60, Word: 12}},
+	}
+	spec.Accounts[common.BytesToAddress([]byte{3})].Builtin = &parityChainSpecBuiltin{
+		Name: "ripemd160", Pricing: &parityChainSpecPricing{Linear: &parityChainSpecLinearPricing{Base: 600, Word: 120}},
+	}
+	spec.Accounts[common.BytesToAddress([]byte{4})].Builtin = &parityChainSpecBuiltin{
+		Name: "identity", Pricing: &parityChainSpecPricing{Linear: &parityChainSpecLinearPricing{Base: 15, Word: 3}},
+	}
+	if genesis.Config.ByzantiumBlock != nil {
+		spec.Accounts[common.BytesToAddress([]byte{5})].Builtin = &parityChainSpecBuiltin{
+			Name: "modexp", ActivateAt: genesis.Config.ByzantiumBlock.Uint64(), Pricing: &parityChainSpecPricing{ModExp: &parityChainSpecModExpPricing{Divisor: 20}},
+		}
+		spec.Accounts[common.BytesToAddress([]byte{6})].Builtin = &parityChainSpecBuiltin{
+			Name: "alt_bn128_add", ActivateAt: genesis.Config.ByzantiumBlock.Uint64(), Pricing: &parityChainSpecPricing{Linear: &parityChainSpecLinearPricing{Base: 500}},
+		}
+		spec.Accounts[common.BytesToAddress([]byte{7})].Builtin = &parityChainSpecBuiltin{
+			Name: "alt_bn128_mul", ActivateAt: genesis.Config.ByzantiumBlock.Uint64(), Pricing: &parityChainSpecPricing{Linear: &parityChainSpecLinearPricing{Base: 40000}},
+		}
+		spec.Accounts[common.BytesToAddress([]byte{8})].Builtin = &parityChainSpecBuiltin{
+			Name: "alt_bn128_pairing", ActivateAt: genesis.Config.ByzantiumBlock.Uint64(), Pricing: &parityChainSpecPricing{AltBnPairing: &parityChainSpecAltBnPairingPricing{Base: 100000, Pair: 80000}},
+		}
+	}
+	return spec, nil
+}
+
+// pyEthereumGenesisSpec represents the genesis specification format used by the
+// Python Ethereum implementation.
+type pyEthereumGenesisSpec struct {
+	Nonce      hexutil.Bytes     `json:"nonce"`
+	Timestamp  hexutil.Uint64    `json:"timestamp"`
+	ExtraData  hexutil.Bytes     `json:"extraData"`
+	GasLimit   hexutil.Uint64    `json:"gasLimit"`
+	Difficulty *hexutil.Big      `json:"difficulty"`
+	Mixhash    common.Hash       `json:"mixhash"`
+	Coinbase   common.Address    `json:"coinbase"`
+	Alloc      core.GenesisAlloc `json:"alloc"`
+	ParentHash common.Hash       `json:"parentHash"`
+}
+
+// newPyEthereumGenesisSpec converts a go-ethereum genesis block into a Parity specific
+// chain specification format.
+func newPyEthereumGenesisSpec(network string, genesis *core.Genesis) (*pyEthereumGenesisSpec, error) {
+	// Only ethash is currently supported between go-ethereum and pyethereum
+	if genesis.Config.Ethash == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("unsupported consensus engine")
+	}
+	spec := &pyEthereumGenesisSpec{
+		Timestamp:  (hexutil.Uint64)(genesis.Timestamp),
+		ExtraData:  genesis.ExtraData,
+		GasLimit:   (hexutil.Uint64)(genesis.GasLimit),
+		Difficulty: (*hexutil.Big)(genesis.Difficulty),
+		Mixhash:    genesis.Mixhash,
+		Coinbase:   genesis.Coinbase,
+		Alloc:      genesis.Alloc,
+		ParentHash: genesis.ParentHash,
+	}
+	spec.Nonce = (hexutil.Bytes)(make([]byte, 8))
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(spec.Nonce[:], genesis.Nonce)
+
+	return spec, nil
+}