Ilkka Seppälä
GitHub
commit
adc267e48e
139
zh/builder/README.md
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139
zh/builder/README.md
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---
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layout: pattern
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title: Builder
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folder: builder
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permalink: /patterns/builder/
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categories: Creational
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tags:
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- Gang of Four
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---
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## 目的
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将复杂对象的构造与其表示分开，以便同一构造过程可以创建不同的表示。
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## 解释
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现实世界例子
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> 想象一个角色扮演游戏的角色生成器。最简单的选择是让计算机为你创建角色。但是如果你想选择一些像专业，性别，发色等角色细节时，这个角色生成就变成了一个渐进的过程。当所有选择完成时，该过程也将完成。
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用通俗的话说
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> 允许你创建不同口味的对象同时避免构造器污染。当一个对象可能有几种口味，或者一个对象的创建涉及到很多步骤时会很有用。
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维基百科说
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> 建造者模式是一种对象创建的软件设计模式，旨在为伸缩构造器反模式寻找一个解决方案。
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说了这么多，让我补充一下什么是伸缩构造函数反模式。我们肯定都见过像下面这样的构造器：
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```java
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public Hero(Profession profession, String name, HairType hairType, HairColor hairColor, Armor armor, Weapon weapon) {
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}
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```
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就像你看到的构造器参数的数量很快就会失控同时参数的排列方式可能变得难以理解。另外，如果您将来希望添加更多选项，则此参数列表可能会继续增长。这就被称伸缩构造器反模式。
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**编程示例**
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明智的选择是使用建造者模式。首先我们有一个英雄要创建。
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```java
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public final class Hero {
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private final Profession profession;
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private final String name;
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private final HairType hairType;
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private final HairColor hairColor;
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private final Armor armor;
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private final Weapon weapon;
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private Hero(Builder builder) {
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this.profession = builder.profession;
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this.name = builder.name;
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this.hairColor = builder.hairColor;
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this.hairType = builder.hairType;
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this.weapon = builder.weapon;
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this.armor = builder.armor;
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}
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}
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```
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然后我们有创建者
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```java
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public static class Builder {
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private final Profession profession;
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private final String name;
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private HairType hairType;
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private HairColor hairColor;
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private Armor armor;
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private Weapon weapon;
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public Builder(Profession profession, String name) {
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if (profession == null || name == null) {
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throw new IllegalArgumentException("profession and name can not be null");
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}
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this.profession = profession;
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this.name = name;
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}
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public Builder withHairType(HairType hairType) {
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this.hairType = hairType;
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return this;
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}
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public Builder withHairColor(HairColor hairColor) {
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this.hairColor = hairColor;
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return this;
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}
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public Builder withArmor(Armor armor) {
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this.armor = armor;
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return this;
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}
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public Builder withWeapon(Weapon weapon) {
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this.weapon = weapon;
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return this;
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}
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public Hero build() {
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return new Hero(this);
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}
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}
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```
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然后可以这样使用
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```java
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var mage = new Hero.Builder(Profession.MAGE, "Riobard").withHairColor(HairColor.BLACK).withWeapon(Weapon.DAGGER).build();
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```
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## 类图
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## 适用性
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使用建造者模式当
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* 创建复杂对象的算法应独立于组成对象的零件及其组装方式
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* 构造过程必须允许所构造的对象具有不同的表示形式
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## Java世界例子
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* [java.lang.StringBuilder](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/StringBuilder.html)
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* [java.nio.ByteBuffer](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/nio/ByteBuffer.html#put-byte-) as well as similar buffers such as FloatBuffer, IntBuffer and so on.
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* [java.lang.StringBuffer](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/StringBuffer.html#append-boolean-)
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* All implementations of [java.lang.Appendable](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/Appendable.html)
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* [Apache Camel builders](https://github.com/apache/camel/tree/0e195428ee04531be27a0b659005e3aa8d159d23/camel-core/src/main/java/org/apache/camel/builder)
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* [Apache Commons Option.Builder](https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-cli/apidocs/org/apache/commons/cli/Option.Builder.html)
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## 鸣谢
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* [Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0201633612/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0201633612&linkCode=as2&tag=javadesignpat-20&linkId=675d49790ce11db99d90bde47f1aeb59)
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* [Effective Java](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0134685997/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0134685997&linkCode=as2&tag=javadesignpat-20&linkId=4e349f4b3ff8c50123f8147c828e53eb)
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* [Head First Design Patterns: A Brain-Friendly Guide](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0596007124&linkCode=as2&tag=javadesignpat-20&linkId=6b8b6eea86021af6c8e3cd3fc382cb5b)
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* [Refactoring to Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0321213351/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0321213351&linkCode=as2&tag=javadesignpat-20&linkId=2a76fcb387234bc71b1c61150b3cc3a7)
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159
zh/chain/README.md
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159
zh/chain/README.md
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---
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layout: pattern
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title: Chain of responsibility
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folder: chain
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permalink: /patterns/chain/
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categories: Behavioral
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tags:
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- Gang of Four
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---
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## 目的
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通过给多个对象一个处理请求的机会，避免请求的发送者和它的接收者耦合。串联接收对象并在链条中传递请求直到一个对象处理它。
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## 解释
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真实世界例子
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> 兽王大声命令他的军队。最近响应的是指挥官，然后是军官，然后是士兵。指挥官，军官，士兵这里就形成了一个责任链。
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通俗的说
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> 它帮助构建一串对象。请求从一个对象中进入并结束然后进入到一个个对象中直到找到合适的处理器。
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维基百科说
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> 在面向对象设计中，责任链模式是一种由源命令对象和一系列处理对象组成的设计模式。每个处理对象包含了其定义的可处理的命令对象类型的逻辑。剩下的会传递给链条中的下一个处理对象。
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**程序示例**
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用上面的兽人来翻译我们的示例。首先我们有请求类
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```java
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public class Request {
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private final RequestType requestType;
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private final String requestDescription;
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private boolean handled;
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public Request(final RequestType requestType, final String requestDescription) {
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this.requestType = Objects.requireNonNull(requestType);
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this.requestDescription = Objects.requireNonNull(requestDescription);
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}
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public String getRequestDescription() { return requestDescription; }
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public RequestType getRequestType() { return requestType; }
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public void markHandled() { this.handled = true; }
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public boolean isHandled() { return this.handled; }
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@Override
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public String toString() { return getRequestDescription(); }
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}
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public enum RequestType {
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DEFEND_CASTLE, TORTURE_PRISONER, COLLECT_TAX
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}
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```
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然后是请求处理器的层次结构
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```java
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public abstract class RequestHandler {
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private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RequestHandler.class);
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private final RequestHandler next;
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public RequestHandler(RequestHandler next) {
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this.next = next;
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}
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public void handleRequest(Request req) {
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if (next != null) {
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next.handleRequest(req);
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}
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}
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protected void printHandling(Request req) {
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LOGGER.info("{} handling request \"{}\"", this, req);
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}
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@Override
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public abstract String toString();
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}
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public class OrcCommander extends RequestHandler {
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public OrcCommander(RequestHandler handler) {
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super(handler);
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}
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@Override
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public void handleRequest(Request req) {
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if (req.getRequestType().equals(RequestType.DEFEND_CASTLE)) {
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printHandling(req);
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req.markHandled();
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} else {
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super.handleRequest(req);
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}
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}
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@Override
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public String toString() {
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return "Orc commander";
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}
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}
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// OrcOfficer和OrcSoldier的定义与OrcCommander类似
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```
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然后我们有兽王下达命令并形成链条
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```java
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public class OrcKing {
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RequestHandler chain;
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public OrcKing() {
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buildChain();
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}
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private void buildChain() {
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chain = new OrcCommander(new OrcOfficer(new OrcSoldier(null)));
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}
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public void makeRequest(Request req) {
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chain.handleRequest(req);
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}
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}
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```
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然后这样使用它
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```java
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var king = new OrcKing();
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king.makeRequest(new Request(RequestType.DEFEND_CASTLE, "defend castle")); // Orc commander handling request "defend castle"
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king.makeRequest(new Request(RequestType.TORTURE_PRISONER, "torture prisoner")); // Orc officer handling request "torture prisoner"
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king.makeRequest(new Request(RequestType.COLLECT_TAX, "collect tax")); // Orc soldier handling request "collect tax"
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```
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## 类图
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## 适用性
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使用责任链模式当
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* 多于一个对象可能要处理请求，并且处理器并不知道一个优先级。处理器应自动确定。
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* 你想对多个对象之一发出请求而无需明确指定接收者
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* 处理请求的对象集合应该被动态指定时
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## Java世界例子
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* [java.util.logging.Logger#log()](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/logging/Logger.html#log%28java.util.logging.Level,%20java.lang.String%29)
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* [Apache Commons Chain](https://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-chain/index.html)
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* [javax.servlet.Filter#doFilter()](http://docs.oracle.com/javaee/7/api/javax/servlet/Filter.html#doFilter-javax.servlet.ServletRequest-javax.servlet.ServletResponse-javax.servlet.FilterChain-)
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## 鸣谢
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* [Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0201633612/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0201633612&linkCode=as2&tag=javadesignpat-20&linkId=675d49790ce11db99d90bde47f1aeb59)
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* [Head First Design Patterns: A Brain-Friendly Guide](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0596007124&linkCode=as2&tag=javadesignpat-20&linkId=6b8b6eea86021af6c8e3cd3fc382cb5b)
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139
zh/decorator/README.md
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139
zh/decorator/README.md
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---
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layout: pattern
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title: Decorator
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folder: decorator
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permalink: /patterns/decorator/
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categories: Structural
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tags:
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- Gang Of Four
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- Extensibility
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---
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## 或称
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包装器
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## 目的
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动态的为对象附加额外的职责。装饰器为子类提供了灵活的替代方案，以扩展功能。
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## 解释
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真实世界例子
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> 附近的山丘上住着一个愤怒的巨魔。通常它是徒手的，但有时它有武器。为了武装巨魔不必创建新的巨魔，而是用合适的武器动态的装饰它。
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通俗的说
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> 装饰者模式让你可以在运行时通过把对象包装进一个装饰类对象中来动态的改变一个对象的行为。
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维基百科说
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> 在面向对象的编程中，装饰器模式是一种设计模式，它允许将行为静态或动态地添加到单个对象中，而不会影响同一类中其他对象的行为。装饰器模式通常对于遵守单一责任原则很有用，因为它允许将功能划分到具有唯一关注领域的类之间。
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**程序示例**
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以巨魔的为例。首先我有有一个简单的巨魔，实现了巨魔接口。
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程序mple. First of all we have a simple troll implementing the troll interface
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```java
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public interface Troll {
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void attack();
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int getAttackPower();
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void fleeBattle();
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}
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public class SimpleTroll implements Troll {
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private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SimpleTroll.class);
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@Override
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public void attack() {
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LOGGER.info("The troll tries to grab you!");
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}
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@Override
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public int getAttackPower() {
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return 10;
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}
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@Override
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public void fleeBattle() {
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LOGGER.info("The troll shrieks in horror and runs away!");
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}
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}
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```
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下面我们想为巨魔添加球棒。我们可以用装饰者来动态的实现。
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```java
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public class ClubbedTroll implements Troll {
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private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ClubbedTroll.class);
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private final Troll decorated;
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public ClubbedTroll(Troll decorated) {
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this.decorated = decorated;
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}
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@Override
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public void attack() {
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decorated.attack();
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LOGGER.info("The troll swings at you with a club!");
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}
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@Override
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public int getAttackPower() {
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return decorated.getAttackPower() + 10;
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}
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@Override
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public void fleeBattle() {
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decorated.fleeBattle();
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}
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}
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```
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||||
这里是巨魔的实战
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|
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```java
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// simple troll
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var troll = new SimpleTroll();
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troll.attack(); // The troll tries to grab you!
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troll.fleeBattle(); // The troll shrieks in horror and runs away!
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// change the behavior of the simple troll by adding a decorator
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var clubbedTroll = new ClubbedTroll(troll);
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clubbedTroll.attack(); // The troll tries to grab you! The troll swings at you with a club!
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clubbedTroll.fleeBattle(); // The troll shrieks in horror and runs away!
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```
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||||
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||||
## 类图
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 适用性
|
||||
使用装饰者
|
||||
|
||||
* 动态透明地向单个对象添加职责，即不影响其他对象
|
||||
* 对于可以撤销的责任
|
||||
* 当通过子类化进行扩展是不切实际的。有时可能会有大量的独立扩展，并且会产生大量的子类来支持每种组合。 否则类定义可能被隐藏或无法用于子类化。
|
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||||
## 教程
|
||||
* [Decorator Pattern Tutorial](https://www.journaldev.com/1540/decorator-design-pattern-in-java-example)
|
||||
|
||||
## Java世界的例子
|
||||
* [java.io.InputStream](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/InputStream.html), [java.io.OutputStream](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/OutputStream.html),
|
||||
[java.io.Reader](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/Reader.html) and [java.io.Writer](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/io/Writer.html)
|
||||
* [java.util.Collections#synchronizedXXX()](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Collections.html#synchronizedCollection-java.util.Collection-)
|
||||
* [java.util.Collections#unmodifiableXXX()](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Collections.html#unmodifiableCollection-java.util.Collection-)
|
||||
* [java.util.Collections#checkedXXX()](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Collections.html#checkedCollection-java.util.Collection-java.lang.Class-)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 鸣谢
|
||||
|
||||
* [Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0201633612/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0201633612&linkCode=as2&tag=javadesignpat-20&linkId=675d49790ce11db99d90bde47f1aeb59)
|
||||
* [Functional Programming in Java: Harnessing the Power of Java 8 Lambda Expressions](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1937785467/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=1937785467&linkCode=as2&tag=javadesignpat-20&linkId=7e4e2fb7a141631491534255252fd08b)
|
||||
* [J2EE Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596004273/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0596004273&linkCode=as2&tag=javadesignpat-20&linkId=48d37c67fb3d845b802fa9b619ad8f31)
|
||||
* [Head First Design Patterns: A Brain-Friendly Guide](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0596007124&linkCode=as2&tag=javadesignpat-20&linkId=6b8b6eea86021af6c8e3cd3fc382cb5b)
|
||||
* [Refactoring to Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0321213351/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0321213351&linkCode=as2&tag=javadesignpat-20&linkId=2a76fcb387234bc71b1c61150b3cc3a7)
|
||||
* [J2EE Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596004273/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0596004273&linkCode=as2&tag=javadesignpat-20&linkId=f27d2644fbe5026ea448791a8ad09c94)
|
||||
207
zh/facade/README.md
Normal file
207
zh/facade/README.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
layout: pattern
|
||||
title: Facade
|
||||
folder: facade
|
||||
permalink: /patterns/facade/
|
||||
categories: Structural
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- Gang Of Four
|
||||
- Decoupling
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 目的
|
||||
为一个子系统中的一系列接口提供一个统一的接口。外观定义了一个更高级别的接口以便子系统更容易使用。
|
||||
|
||||
## 解释
|
||||
|
||||
真实世界的例子
|
||||
|
||||
> 一个金矿是怎么工作的？“嗯，矿工下去然后挖金子！”你说。这是你所相信的因为你在使用一个金矿对外提供的一个简单接口，在内部它要却要做很多事情。这个简单的接口对复杂的子系统来说就是一个外观。
|
||||
|
||||
用通俗的话说
|
||||
|
||||
> 外观模式为一个复杂的子系统提供一个简单的接口。
|
||||
|
||||
维基百科说
|
||||
|
||||
> 外观是为很大体量的代码（比如类库）提供简单接口的一种对象。
|
||||
|
||||
**程序示例**
|
||||
|
||||
使用上面金矿的例子。这里我们有矮人的矿工等级制度。
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
public abstract class DwarvenMineWorker {
|
||||
|
||||
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DwarvenMineWorker.class);
|
||||
|
||||
public void goToSleep() {
|
||||
LOGGER.info("{} goes to sleep.", name());
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public void wakeUp() {
|
||||
LOGGER.info("{} wakes up.", name());
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public void goHome() {
|
||||
LOGGER.info("{} goes home.", name());
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public void goToMine() {
|
||||
LOGGER.info("{} goes to the mine.", name());
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
private void action(Action action) {
|
||||
switch (action) {
|
||||
case GO_TO_SLEEP:
|
||||
goToSleep();
|
||||
break;
|
||||
case WAKE_UP:
|
||||
wakeUp();
|
||||
break;
|
||||
case GO_HOME:
|
||||
goHome();
|
||||
break;
|
||||
case GO_TO_MINE:
|
||||
goToMine();
|
||||
break;
|
||||
case WORK:
|
||||
work();
|
||||
break;
|
||||
default:
|
||||
LOGGER.info("Undefined action");
|
||||
break;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public void action(Action... actions) {
|
||||
Arrays.stream(actions).forEach(this::action);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public abstract void work();
|
||||
|
||||
public abstract String name();
|
||||
|
||||
enum Action {
|
||||
GO_TO_SLEEP, WAKE_UP, GO_HOME, GO_TO_MINE, WORK
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public class DwarvenTunnelDigger extends DwarvenMineWorker {
|
||||
|
||||
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DwarvenTunnelDigger.class);
|
||||
|
||||
@Override
|
||||
public void work() {
|
||||
LOGGER.info("{} creates another promising tunnel.", name());
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@Override
|
||||
public String name() {
|
||||
return "Dwarven tunnel digger";
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public class DwarvenGoldDigger extends DwarvenMineWorker {
|
||||
|
||||
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DwarvenGoldDigger.class);
|
||||
|
||||
@Override
|
||||
public void work() {
|
||||
LOGGER.info("{} digs for gold.", name());
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@Override
|
||||
public String name() {
|
||||
return "Dwarf gold digger";
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public class DwarvenCartOperator extends DwarvenMineWorker {
|
||||
|
||||
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DwarvenCartOperator.class);
|
||||
|
||||
@Override
|
||||
public void work() {
|
||||
LOGGER.info("{} moves gold chunks out of the mine.", name());
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@Override
|
||||
public String name() {
|
||||
return "Dwarf cart operator";
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
为了操纵所有这些矿工我们有了这个外观
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
public class DwarvenGoldmineFacade {
|
||||
|
||||
private final List<DwarvenMineWorker> workers;
|
||||
|
||||
public DwarvenGoldmineFacade() {
|
||||
workers = List.of(
|
||||
new DwarvenGoldDigger(),
|
||||
new DwarvenCartOperator(),
|
||||
new DwarvenTunnelDigger());
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public void startNewDay() {
|
||||
makeActions(workers, DwarvenMineWorker.Action.WAKE_UP, DwarvenMineWorker.Action.GO_TO_MINE);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public void digOutGold() {
|
||||
makeActions(workers, DwarvenMineWorker.Action.WORK);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public void endDay() {
|
||||
makeActions(workers, DwarvenMineWorker.Action.GO_HOME, DwarvenMineWorker.Action.GO_TO_SLEEP);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
private static void makeActions(Collection<DwarvenMineWorker> workers,
|
||||
DwarvenMineWorker.Action... actions) {
|
||||
workers.forEach(worker -> worker.action(actions));
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
现在来使用外观
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
DwarvenGoldmineFacade facade = new DwarvenGoldmineFacade();
|
||||
facade.startNewDay();
|
||||
// Dwarf gold digger wakes up.
|
||||
// Dwarf gold digger goes to the mine.
|
||||
// Dwarf cart operator wakes up.
|
||||
// Dwarf cart operator goes to the mine.
|
||||
// Dwarven tunnel digger wakes up.
|
||||
// Dwarven tunnel digger goes to the mine.
|
||||
facade.digOutGold();
|
||||
// Dwarf gold digger digs for gold.
|
||||
// Dwarf cart operator moves gold chunks out of the mine.
|
||||
// Dwarven tunnel digger creates another promising tunnel.
|
||||
facade.endDay();
|
||||
// Dwarf gold digger goes home.
|
||||
// Dwarf gold digger goes to sleep.
|
||||
// Dwarf cart operator goes home.
|
||||
// Dwarf cart operator goes to sleep.
|
||||
// Dwarven tunnel digger goes home.
|
||||
// Dwarven tunnel digger goes to sleep.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 类图
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 适用性
|
||||
使用外观模式当
|
||||
|
||||
* 你想为一个复杂的子系统提供一个简单的接口。随着子系统的发展，它们通常会变得更加复杂。多数模式在应用时会导致更多和更少的类。这使子系统更可重用，更易于自定义，但是对于不需要自定义它的客户来说，使用它也变得更加困难。 外观可以提供子系统的简单默认视图，足以满足大多数客户端的需求。只有需要更多可定制性的客户才需要查看外观外的东西（原子系统提供的接口）。
|
||||
* 客户端与抽象的实现类之间存在许多依赖关系。 引入外观以使子系统与客户端和其他子系统分离，从而提高子系统的独立性和可移植性。
|
||||
* 您想对子系统进行分层。 使用外观来定义每个子系统级别的入口点。 如果子系统是相关的，则可以通过使子系统仅通过其外观相互通信来简化它们之间的依赖性。
|
||||
|
||||
## 鸣谢
|
||||
|
||||
* [Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0201633612/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0201633612&linkCode=as2&tag=javadesignpat-20&linkId=675d49790ce11db99d90bde47f1aeb59)
|
||||
* [Head First Design Patterns: A Brain-Friendly Guide](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0596007124&linkCode=as2&tag=javadesignpat-20&linkId=6b8b6eea86021af6c8e3cd3fc382cb5b)
|
||||
88
zh/factory-method/README.md
Normal file
88
zh/factory-method/README.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
layout: pattern
|
||||
title: Factory Method
|
||||
folder: factory-method
|
||||
permalink: /patterns/factory-method/
|
||||
categories: Creational
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- Extensibility
|
||||
- Gang Of Four
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## Also known as
|
||||
# 或称
|
||||
|
||||
虚拟构造器
|
||||
|
||||
## 目的
|
||||
为创建一个对象定义一个接口，但是让子类决定实例化哪个类。工厂方法允许类将实例化延迟到子类。
|
||||
|
||||
## 解释
|
||||
真实世界例子
|
||||
|
||||
> 铁匠生产武器。精灵需要精灵武器，而兽人需要兽人武器。根据客户来召唤正确类型的铁匠。
|
||||
|
||||
通俗的说
|
||||
|
||||
> 它为类提供了一种把实例化的逻辑委托给子类的方式。
|
||||
|
||||
维基百科上说
|
||||
|
||||
> 在基于类的编程中，工厂方法模式是一种创建型设计模式用来解决创建对象的问题，而不需要指定将要创建对象的确切类。这是通过调用工厂方法创建对象来完成的，而不是通过调用构造器。该工厂方法在接口中指定并由子类实现，或者在基类实现并可以选择由子类重写。
|
||||
|
||||
**程序示例**
|
||||
|
||||
以上面的铁匠为例，首先我们有铁匠的接口和一些它的实现。
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
public interface Blacksmith {
|
||||
Weapon manufactureWeapon(WeaponType weaponType);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public class ElfBlacksmith implements Blacksmith {
|
||||
public Weapon manufactureWeapon(WeaponType weaponType) {
|
||||
return ELFARSENAL.get(weaponType);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public class OrcBlacksmith implements Blacksmith {
|
||||
public Weapon manufactureWeapon(WeaponType weaponType) {
|
||||
return ORCARSENAL.get(weaponType);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
现在随着客户的到来，会召唤出正确类型的铁匠并制造出要求的武器。
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
var blacksmith = new ElfBlacksmith();
|
||||
blacksmith.manufactureWeapon(WeaponType.SPEAR);
|
||||
blacksmith.manufactureWeapon(WeaponType.AXE);
|
||||
// Elvish weapons are created
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 类图
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 适用性
|
||||
使用工厂方法模式当
|
||||
|
||||
* 一个类无法预料它所要必须创建的对象的类
|
||||
* 一个类想要它的子类来指定它要创建的对象
|
||||
* 类将责任委派给几个帮助子类中的一个，而你想定位了解是具体之中的哪一个
|
||||
|
||||
## Java中的例子
|
||||
|
||||
* [java.util.Calendar](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Calendar.html#getInstance--)
|
||||
* [java.util.ResourceBundle](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/ResourceBundle.html#getBundle-java.lang.String-)
|
||||
* [java.text.NumberFormat](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/text/NumberFormat.html#getInstance--)
|
||||
* [java.nio.charset.Charset](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/nio/charset/Charset.html#forName-java.lang.String-)
|
||||
* [java.net.URLStreamHandlerFactory](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/net/URLStreamHandlerFactory.html#createURLStreamHandler-java.lang.String-)
|
||||
* [java.util.EnumSet](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/EnumSet.html#of-E-)
|
||||
* [javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/javax/xml/bind/JAXBContext.html#createMarshaller--)
|
||||
|
||||
## 鸣谢
|
||||
|
||||
* [Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0201633612/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0201633612&linkCode=as2&tag=javadesignpat-20&linkId=675d49790ce11db99d90bde47f1aeb59)
|
||||
* [Head First Design Patterns: A Brain-Friendly Guide](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596007124/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0596007124&linkCode=as2&tag=javadesignpat-20&linkId=6b8b6eea86021af6c8e3cd3fc382cb5b)
|
||||
* [Refactoring to Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0321213351/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0321213351&linkCode=as2&tag=javadesignpat-20&linkId=2a76fcb387234bc71b1c61150b3cc3a7)
|
||||
Loading…
x
Reference in New Issue
Block a user