Intermittent failure was due to Thread.sleep in the code. While performing unit test cases there was race condition between two threads, so it was not guaranteed to work every time. Used an interface DelayProvider for simulating delay, and while unit testing fake delay provider is used that eradicates the use of Threads in unit test cases, which is not a good practice.

Fix redundant list alloc in LotteryNumbers

README.md

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 [![License MIT](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-MIT-blue.svg)](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/master/LICENSE.md)
 [![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/iluwatar/java-design-patterns](https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg)](https://gitter.im/iluwatar/java-design-patterns?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
 [![Quality Gate](https://sonarcloud.io/api/project_badges/measure?project=com.iluwatar%3Ajava-design-patterns&metric=alert_status)](https://sonarcloud.io/dashboard/index/com.iluwatar%3Ajava-design-patterns)
-[![CII Best Practices](https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/1503/badge)](https://bestpractices.coreinfrastructure.org/projects/1503)
 
 # Introduction
 

abstract-document/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <parent>
         <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
         <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-        <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
     <artifactId>abstract-document</artifactId>
     <dependencies>

abstract-factory/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>abstract-factory</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

acyclic-visitor/pom.xml

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
 		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-		<version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 	
 	<artifactId>acyclic-visitor</artifactId>

adapter/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>adapter</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

aggregator-microservices/aggregator-service/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <parent>
         <artifactId>aggregator-microservices</artifactId>
         <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-        <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 

aggregator-microservices/information-microservice/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <parent>
         <artifactId>aggregator-microservices</artifactId>
         <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-        <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 

aggregator-microservices/inventory-microservice/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <parent>
         <artifactId>aggregator-microservices</artifactId>
         <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-        <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 

aggregator-microservices/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <parent>
         <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
         <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-        <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <artifactId>aggregator-microservices</artifactId>

ambassador/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <artifactId>ambassador</artifactId>

api-gateway/api-gateway-service/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>api-gateway</artifactId>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <artifactId>api-gateway-service</artifactId>

api-gateway/image-microservice/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>api-gateway</artifactId>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
 
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

api-gateway/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <artifactId>api-gateway</artifactId>

api-gateway/price-microservice/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>api-gateway</artifactId>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
 
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

async-method-invocation/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>async-method-invocation</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

balking/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 

balking/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/balking/DelayProvider.java

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+package com.iluwatar.balking;
+
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
+/**
+ * An interface to simulate delay while executing some work.
+ */
+public interface DelayProvider {
+  void executeAfterDelay(long interval, TimeUnit timeUnit, Runnable task);
+}

balking/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/balking/WashingMachine.java

@@ -25,17 +25,38 @@ package com.iluwatar.balking;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+
 /**
  * Washing machine class
  */
 public class WashingMachine {
 
   private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WashingMachine.class);
-
+  private final DelayProvider delayProvider;
   private WashingMachineState washingMachineState;
 
+  /**
+   * Creates a new instance of WashingMachine
+   */
   public WashingMachine() {
-    washingMachineState = WashingMachineState.ENABLED;
+    this((interval, timeUnit, task) -> {
+      try {
+        Thread.sleep(timeUnit.toMillis(interval));
+      } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
+        ie.printStackTrace();
+      }
+      task.run();
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Creates a new instance of WashingMachine using provided delayProvider. This constructor is used only for
+   * unit testing purposes.
+   */
+  public WashingMachine(DelayProvider delayProvider) {
+    this.delayProvider = delayProvider;
+    this.washingMachineState = WashingMachineState.ENABLED;
   }
 
   public WashingMachineState getWashingMachineState() {
@@ -56,12 +77,8 @@ public class WashingMachine {
       washingMachineState = WashingMachineState.WASHING;
     }
     LOGGER.info("{}: Doing the washing", Thread.currentThread().getName());
-    try {
-      Thread.sleep(50);
-    } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
-      ie.printStackTrace();
-    }
-    endOfWashing();
+
+    this.delayProvider.executeAfterDelay(50, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, this::endOfWashing);
   }
 
   /**

balking/src/test/java/com/iluwatar/balking/WashingMachineTest.java

@@ -22,11 +22,8 @@
  */
 package com.iluwatar.balking;
 
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.Disabled;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
-import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
-import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
 import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
@@ -36,32 +33,39 @@ import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
  */
 public class WashingMachineTest {
 
-  private volatile WashingMachineState machineStateGlobal;
+  private FakeDelayProvider fakeDelayProvider = new FakeDelayProvider();
 
-  @Disabled
   @Test
-  public void wash() throws Exception {
-    WashingMachine washingMachine = new WashingMachine();
-    ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
-    executorService.execute(washingMachine::wash);
-    executorService.execute(() -> {
-      washingMachine.wash();
-      machineStateGlobal = washingMachine.getWashingMachineState();
-    });
-    executorService.shutdown();
-    try {
-      executorService.awaitTermination(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
-    } catch (InterruptedException ie) {
-      ie.printStackTrace();
-    }
+  public void wash() {
+    WashingMachine washingMachine = new WashingMachine(fakeDelayProvider);
+
+    washingMachine.wash();
+    washingMachine.wash();
+
+    WashingMachineState machineStateGlobal = washingMachine.getWashingMachineState();
+
+    fakeDelayProvider.task.run();
+
+    // washing machine remains in washing state
     assertEquals(WashingMachineState.WASHING, machineStateGlobal);
+
+    // washing machine goes back to enabled state
+    assertEquals(WashingMachineState.ENABLED, washingMachine.getWashingMachineState());
   }
 
   @Test
-  public void endOfWashing() throws Exception {
+  public void endOfWashing() {
     WashingMachine washingMachine = new WashingMachine();
     washingMachine.wash();
     assertEquals(WashingMachineState.ENABLED, washingMachine.getWashingMachineState());
   }
 
+  private class FakeDelayProvider implements DelayProvider {
+    private Runnable task;
+
+    @Override
+    public void executeAfterDelay(long interval, TimeUnit timeUnit, Runnable task) {
+      this.task = task;
+    }
+  }
 }

bridge/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>bridge</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

builder/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>builder</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

business-delegate/pom.xml

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
 		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-		<version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 	<artifactId>business-delegate</artifactId>
 	<dependencies>

caching/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>caching</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

callback/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>callback</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

chain/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>chain</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

collection-pipeline/pom.xml

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>collection-pipeline</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

command/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>command</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

composite/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>composite</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

converter/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <parent>
         <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
         <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-        <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <dependencies>

cqrs/pom.xml

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
 		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-		<version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 	<artifactId>cqrs</artifactId>
 	<dependencies>

dao/pom.xml

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>dao</artifactId>
 

data-bus/pom.xml

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
         <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-        <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
     <artifactId>data-bus</artifactId>
     <dependencies>

data-mapper/pom.xml

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
 		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-		<version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 	<artifactId>data-mapper</artifactId>
 	<dependencies>

data-transfer-object/pom.xml

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
         <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-        <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
     <artifactId>data-transfer-object</artifactId>
     <dependencies>

decorator/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>decorator</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

delegation/pom.xml

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
     <parent>
         <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
         <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-        <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 

dependency-injection/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>dependency-injection</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

dirty-flag/pom.xml

@@ -29,11 +29,11 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
   <artifactId>dirty-flag</artifactId>
-  <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+  <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <name>dirty-flag</name>
   <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
   <properties>

double-checked-locking/pom.xml

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>double-checked-locking</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

double-dispatch/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>double-dispatch</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

eip-aggregator/pom.xml

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
         <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-        <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
 
     <dependencies>

eip-message-channel/pom.xml

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
 		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-		<version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 	<artifactId>eip-message-channel</artifactId>
 	<dependencies>

eip-publish-subscribe/pom.xml

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
 		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-		<version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 	<artifactId>eip-publish-subscribe</artifactId>
 	<dependencies>

eip-splitter/pom.xml

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
         <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-        <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
 
     <dependencies>

eip-wire-tap/pom.xml

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
         <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-        <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
 
     <dependencies>

event-aggregator/pom.xml

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
 		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-		<version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 	<artifactId>event-aggregator</artifactId>
 	<dependencies>

event-asynchronous/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>event-asynchronous</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

event-driven-architecture/pom.xml

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
         <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-        <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
 
     <artifactId>event-driven-architecture</artifactId>

event-queue/pom.xml

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>event-queue</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

event-sourcing/pom.xml

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>event-sourcing</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

execute-around/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>execute-around</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

extension-objects/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 

facade/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>facade</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

factory-kit/pom.xml

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
         <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-        <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
     <artifactId>factory-kit</artifactId>
     <dependencies>

factory-method/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>factory-method</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

feature-toggle/pom.xml

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
     <parent>
         <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
         <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-        <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 

fluentinterface/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <parent>
         <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
         <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-        <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 

flux/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>flux</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

flyweight/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>flyweight</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

front-controller/pom.xml

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
 		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-		<version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 	<artifactId>front-controller</artifactId>
 	<dependencies>

guarded-suspension/pom.xml

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <packaging>jar</packaging>
   <artifactId>guarded-suspension</artifactId>

half-sync-half-async/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>half-sync-half-async</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

hexagonal/pom.xml

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>hexagonal</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

hexagonal/src/main/java/com/iluwatar/hexagonal/domain/LotteryNumbers.java

@@ -22,13 +22,12 @@
  */
 package com.iluwatar.hexagonal.domain;
 
-import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.HashSet;
-import java.util.List;
 import java.util.PrimitiveIterator;
 import java.util.Random;
 import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.Iterator;
 
 /**
  *
@@ -85,11 +84,10 @@ public class LotteryNumbers {
    * @return numbers as comma separated string
    */
   public String getNumbersAsString() {
-    List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<>();
-    list.addAll(numbers);
     StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
+    Iterator<Integer> iterator = numbers.iterator();
     for (int i = 0; i < NUM_NUMBERS; i++) {
-      builder.append(list.get(i));
+      builder.append(iterator.next());
       if (i < NUM_NUMBERS - 1) {
         builder.append(",");
       }

intercepting-filter/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>intercepting-filter</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

interpreter/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>interpreter</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

iterator/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>iterator</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

layers/pom.xml

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
 		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-		<version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 	<groupId>com.iluwatar.layers</groupId>
 	<artifactId>layers</artifactId>

lazy-loading/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>lazy-loading</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

marker/pom.xml

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
   <parent>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 

mediator/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>mediator</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

memento/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>memento</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

model-view-controller/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>model-view-controller</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

model-view-presenter/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>model-view-presenter</artifactId>
   <name>model-view-presenter</name>

module/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+error.txt
+output.txt

module/error.txt

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-====
-    The MIT License
-    Copyright (c) 2014 Ilkka Seppälä
-
-    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-    of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-    in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-    to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-    copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-    furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-    all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-    THE SOFTWARE.
-====
-

module/output.txt

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-====
-    The MIT License
-    Copyright (c) 2014 Ilkka Seppälä
-
-    Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
-    of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
-    in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
-    to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
-    copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
-    furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
-
-    The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
-    all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
-
-    THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
-    IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
-    FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
-    AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
-    LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
-    OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
-    THE SOFTWARE.
-====
-

module/pom.xml

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
 		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-		<version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 	<artifactId>module</artifactId>
 	<dependencies>

monad/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
         <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-        <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
     <artifactId>monad</artifactId>
     <dependencies>

monostate/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>monostate</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

multiton/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>multiton</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

mute-idiom/pom.xml

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
 		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-		<version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 	<artifactId>mute-idiom</artifactId>
 	<dependencies>

mutex/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>mutex</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

naked-objects/dom/pom.xml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
 		<artifactId>naked-objects</artifactId>
-		<version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 
 	<artifactId>naked-objects-dom</artifactId>

naked-objects/fixture/pom.xml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
 		<artifactId>naked-objects</artifactId>
-		<version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 
 	<artifactId>naked-objects-fixture</artifactId>

naked-objects/integtests/pom.xml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
 		<artifactId>naked-objects</artifactId>
-		<version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 
 	<artifactId>naked-objects-integtests</artifactId>

naked-objects/pom.xml

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
 		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-		<version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 
 	<artifactId>naked-objects</artifactId>
@@ -350,17 +350,17 @@
 			<dependency>
 				<groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
 				<artifactId>naked-objects-dom</artifactId>
-				<version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+				<version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 			</dependency>
 			<dependency>
 				<groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
 				<artifactId>naked-objects-fixture</artifactId>
-				<version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+				<version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 			</dependency>
 			<dependency>
 				<groupId>${project.groupId}</groupId>
 				<artifactId>naked-objects-webapp</artifactId>
-				<version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+				<version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 			</dependency>
 
 		</dependencies>

naked-objects/webapp/pom.xml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 	<parent>
 		<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
 		<artifactId>naked-objects</artifactId>
-		<version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+		<version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
 	</parent>
 
 	<artifactId>naked-objects-webapp</artifactId>

null-object/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>null-object</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

object-mother/pom.xml

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
         <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-        <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
     <artifactId>object-mother</artifactId>
     <dependencies>

object-pool/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>object-pool</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

observer/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>observer</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

page-object/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <parent>
         <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
         <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-        <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
     <artifactId>page-object</artifactId>
     <dependencies>

partial-response/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
     <parent>
         <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
         <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
-        <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+        <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     </parent>
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
 

poison-pill/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>poison-pill</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

pom.xml

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
     <packaging>pom</packaging>
     <inceptionYear>2014</inceptionYear>
     <properties>

private-class-data/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>private-class-data</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

producer-consumer/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>producer-consumer</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

promise/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>promise</artifactId>
   <dependencies>

property/pom.xml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
   <parent>
     <groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
     <artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
-    <version>1.20.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
+    <version>1.21.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
   </parent>
   <artifactId>property</artifactId>
   <dependencies>