Compare commits
4 Commits
all-contri
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all-contri
| Author | SHA1 | Date | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
790d9ff824 | ||
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7c31c49213 | ||
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a037d031fc | ||
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08cbc8f6e0 |
@@ -1476,25 +1476,8 @@
|
||||
"avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22493821?v=4",
|
||||
"profile": "https://al-assad.github.io/notion/",
|
||||
"contributions": [
|
||||
"translation"
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"login": "STudio26",
|
||||
"name": "Alain",
|
||||
"avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/6988911?v=4",
|
||||
"profile": "https://github.com/STudio26",
|
||||
"contributions": [
|
||||
"translation"
|
||||
]
|
||||
},
|
||||
{
|
||||
"login": "DEV-VRUPER",
|
||||
"name": "VR",
|
||||
"avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/30525467?v=4",
|
||||
"profile": "https://github.com/DEV-VRUPER",
|
||||
"contributions": [
|
||||
"doc"
|
||||
"translation",
|
||||
"projectManagement"
|
||||
]
|
||||
}
|
||||
],
|
||||
|
||||
8
.github/workflows/maven-ci.yml
vendored
8
.github/workflows/maven-ci.yml
vendored
@@ -40,26 +40,26 @@ jobs:
|
||||
steps:
|
||||
|
||||
- name: Checkout Code
|
||||
uses: actions/checkout@v2
|
||||
uses: actions/checkout@master
|
||||
with:
|
||||
# Disabling shallow clone for improving relevancy of SonarQube reporting
|
||||
fetch-depth: 0
|
||||
|
||||
- name: Set up JDK 11
|
||||
uses: actions/setup-java@v2
|
||||
uses: actions/setup-java@master
|
||||
with:
|
||||
java-version: 11
|
||||
distribution: 'adopt'
|
||||
|
||||
- name: Cache SonarCloud packages
|
||||
uses: actions/cache@v2
|
||||
uses: actions/cache@master
|
||||
with:
|
||||
path: ~/.sonar/cache
|
||||
key: ${{ runner.os }}-sonar
|
||||
restore-keys: ${{ runner.os }}-sonar
|
||||
|
||||
- name: Cache Maven dependencies
|
||||
uses: actions/cache@v2
|
||||
uses: actions/cache@master
|
||||
with:
|
||||
path: ~/.m2/repository
|
||||
key: ${{ runner.os }}-maven-${{ hashFiles('**/pom.xml') }}
|
||||
|
||||
6
.github/workflows/maven-pr-builder.yml
vendored
6
.github/workflows/maven-pr-builder.yml
vendored
@@ -38,16 +38,16 @@ jobs:
|
||||
|
||||
steps:
|
||||
- name: Checkout Code
|
||||
uses: actions/checkout@v2
|
||||
uses: actions/checkout@master
|
||||
|
||||
- name: Set up JDK 11
|
||||
uses: actions/setup-java@v2
|
||||
uses: actions/setup-java@master
|
||||
with:
|
||||
java-version: 11
|
||||
distribution: 'adopt'
|
||||
|
||||
- name: Cache Maven Dependecies
|
||||
uses: actions/cache@v2
|
||||
uses: actions/cache@master
|
||||
with:
|
||||
path: ~/.m2/repository
|
||||
key: ${{ runner.os }}-maven-${{ hashFiles('**/pom.xml') }}
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
|
||||
[](https://sonarcloud.io/dashboard?id=iluwatar_java-design-patterns)
|
||||
[](https://gitter.im/iluwatar/java-design-patterns?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
|
||||
<!-- ALL-CONTRIBUTORS-BADGE:START - Do not remove or modify this section -->
|
||||
[](#contributors-)
|
||||
[](#contributors-)
|
||||
<!-- ALL-CONTRIBUTORS-BADGE:END -->
|
||||
|
||||
<br/>
|
||||
@@ -317,9 +317,7 @@ This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/zWeBrain"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/46642512?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>zWeBrain</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=zWeBrain" title="Code">💻</a></td>
|
||||
<td align="center"><a href="https://al-assad.github.io/notion/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22493821?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>余林颖</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-Al-assad" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
|
||||
<td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/STudio26"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/6988911?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Alain</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-STudio26" title="Translation">🌍</a></td>
|
||||
<td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/DEV-VRUPER"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/30525467?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>VR</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=DEV-VRUPER" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
|
||||
<td align="center"><a href="https://al-assad.github.io/notion/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22493821?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>余林颖</b></sub></a><br /><a href="#translation-Al-assad" title="Translation">🌍</a> <a href="#projectManagement-Al-assad" title="Project Management">📆</a></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -25,4 +25,4 @@ This pattern is one of those ones where you’ll know when you need it. If you h
|
||||
|
||||
## Credits
|
||||
|
||||
* [Game Programming Patterns - Double Buffer](http://gameprogrammingpatterns.com/double-buffer.html)
|
||||
* [Game Programming Patterns - Double Buffer]([http://gameprogrammingpatterns.com/double-buffer.html](http://gameprogrammingpatterns.com/double-buffer.html))
|
||||
|
||||
62
fr/README.md
62
fr/README.md
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
|
||||
<!-- Cette ligne doit restée vide pour des raisons de formatage
|
||||
afin qu’on puisse avoir un affichage agréable comme sur un
|
||||
afin qu'on puisse avoir un affichage agréable comme sur un
|
||||
site web par exemple -->
|
||||
|
||||
# Les patrons de conception implémentés en Java
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/master/LICENSE.md)
|
||||
[](https://sonarcloud.io/dashboard?id=iluwatar_java-design-patterns)
|
||||
[](https://sonarcloud.io/dashboard?id=iluwatar_java-design-patterns)
|
||||
[](https://sonarcloud.io/dashboard?id=iluwatar_java-design-patterns)
|
||||
[](https://gitter.im/iluwatar/java-design-patterns?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
|
||||
<!-- ALL-CONTRIBUTORS-BADGE:START - Do not remove or modify this section -->
|
||||
@@ -15,56 +15,46 @@
|
||||
|
||||
# Introduction
|
||||
|
||||
Les patrons de conception (design patterns) sont les meilleures
|
||||
pratiques formalisées qu’un programmeur peut utiliser pour résoudre
|
||||
des problèmes courants lors de la conception d’une application
|
||||
ou d’un système.
|
||||
Le patron de conception est la meilleure formatalisation qu'un programmeur
|
||||
peut utiliser pour résoudre un problème lors d'une conception d'une application/system.
|
||||
|
||||
Les patrons de conception peuvent accélérer le processus de
|
||||
Le patron de conception (design pattern) est là pour accélérer le processus de
|
||||
développement en fournissant des paradigmes éprouvés.
|
||||
|
||||
La réutilisation de patrons de conception aide à se prémunir des problèmes subtils
|
||||
qui causent des problèmes majeurs, et cette pratique augmente la lisibilité
|
||||
du code pour les développeurs et architectes familiers de ces concepts.
|
||||
La réutilisation de patron de conception aide à prévenir des problèmes subtiles mais
|
||||
qui sont à l'origine de problèmes majeures, comme cette pratique augmente la lisibilitée
|
||||
du code par les développeurs/architectes familiers avec l'utilisation de ces concepts.
|
||||
|
||||
# Commencer
|
||||
|
||||
Ce site présente des patrons de conception Java. Les solutions ont été développées
|
||||
par des développeurs et architectes expérimentés de la communauté open source.
|
||||
Les modèles peuvent être parcourus par leurs descriptions de haut niveau ou
|
||||
en regardant leur code source.
|
||||
Les exemples de code source sont bien commentés et peuvent être considérés
|
||||
comme tutoriels de programmation sur la façon d’implémenter un modèle spécifique.
|
||||
Nous utilisons les technologies Java open source les plus populaires et éprouvées.
|
||||
Ce site présente des modèles de conception Java. Les solutions ont été développées par des
|
||||
développeurs et architectes expérimentés de la communauté open source. Les modèles peuvent être parcourus par leurs descriptions de haut niveau ou en regardant leur code source. Les exemples de code source sont bien commentés et peuvent être considérés comme tutoriels de programmation sur la façon d'implémenter un modèle spécifique. Nous utilisons le plus technologies Java open source éprouvées au combat.
|
||||
|
||||
Avant de vous plonger dans le contenu, vous devriez vous familiariser avec divers
|
||||
Avant de plonger dans le matériau, vous devez vous familiariser avec divers
|
||||
[Principes de conception de logiciels](https://java-design-patterns.com/principles/).
|
||||
|
||||
Tous les modèles doivent être aussi simples que possible.
|
||||
Vous devriez commencer par les principes KISS, YAGNI et
|
||||
Faites La Chose La Plus Simple Qui Fonctionne.
|
||||
La complexité et les modèles ne devraient être introduits
|
||||
que lorsqu’ils sont nécessaires pour une extensibilité pratique.
|
||||
Toutes les conceptions doivent être aussi simples que possible. Vous devriez commencer par KISS, YAGNI,
|
||||
et faire la chose la plus simple qui pourrait éventuellement fonctionner principes. Complexité et
|
||||
les modèles ne devraient être introduits que lorsqu'ils sont nécessaires pour
|
||||
extensibilité.
|
||||
|
||||
Une fois que vous êtes familiarisé avec ces concepts, vous pouvez commencer à explorer les
|
||||
[modèles de conception disponibles](https://java-design-patterns.com/patterns/)
|
||||
par n’importe laquelle les approches suivantes :
|
||||
Une fois que vous êtes familiarisé avec ces concepts, vous pouvez commencer à explorer
|
||||
[modèles de conception disponibles](https://java-design-patterns.com/patterns/) par tout
|
||||
des approches suivantes
|
||||
|
||||
- Recherchez un modèle spécifique par son nom.
|
||||
Vous n’en trouvez pas ? Veuillez signaler un nouveau modèle [ici](https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/issues).
|
||||
- Utilisation de balises telles que `Performance`, `Gang of Four` ou `Data access`.
|
||||
- Utilisation des catégories de modèles, `Creational`, `Behavioral` et autres.
|
||||
- Recherchez un modèle spécifique par son nom. Vous n'en trouvez pas? Veuillez signaler un nouveau modèle [ici](https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/issues).
|
||||
- Utilisation de balises telles que `Performance`, `Gang of Four` ou `Data access`.
|
||||
- Utilisation des catégories de modèles, `Créatif`, `Comportemental` et autres.
|
||||
|
||||
Nous espérons que vous trouverez les solutions orientées objet présentées
|
||||
sur ce site utiles dans vos architectures et que vous aurez autant
|
||||
de plaisir à les apprendre que nous en avons eu à les développer.
|
||||
J'espère que les solutions orientées objet présentées sur ce site vous seront utiles
|
||||
dans vos architectures et ayez autant de plaisir à les apprendre que nous en avons eu à les développer.
|
||||
|
||||
# Comment contribuer
|
||||
|
||||
Si vous souhaitez contribuer au projet, vous trouverez les informations pertinentes dans
|
||||
notre [wiki développeur](https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/wiki).
|
||||
Nous vous aiderons répondrons à vos questions dans le [Gitter chatroom](https://gitter.im/iluwatar/java-design-patterns).
|
||||
notre [wiki développeur](https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/wiki). Nous aiderons
|
||||
vous et répondez à vos questions dans le [Gitter chatroom](https://gitter.im/iluwatar/java-design-patterns).
|
||||
|
||||
# Licence
|
||||
|
||||
Ce projet est concédé sous les termes de la licence MIT.
|
||||
Ce projet est concédé sous les termes de la licence MIT.
|
||||
|
||||
4
pom.xml
4
pom.xml
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
|
||||
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
|
||||
<sonar-maven-plugin.version>3.8.0.2131</sonar-maven-plugin.version>
|
||||
<hibernate.version>5.2.18.Final</hibernate.version>
|
||||
<spring.version>5.0.17.RELEASE</spring.version>
|
||||
<spring.version>5.0.13.RELEASE</spring.version>
|
||||
<spring-boot.version>2.0.9.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
|
||||
<spring-data.version>2.0.14.RELEASE</spring-data.version>
|
||||
<h2.version>1.4.190</h2.version>
|
||||
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@
|
||||
<aws-lambda-core.version>1.1.0</aws-lambda-core.version>
|
||||
<aws-java-sdk-dynamodb.version>1.11.289</aws-java-sdk-dynamodb.version>
|
||||
<aws-lambda-java-events.version>2.0.1</aws-lambda-java-events.version>
|
||||
<jackson.version>2.12.3</jackson.version>
|
||||
<jackson.version>2.10.2</jackson.version>
|
||||
<jaxb-api.version>2.3.1</jaxb-api.version>
|
||||
<jaxb-impl.version>2.3.2</jaxb-impl.version>
|
||||
<annotation-api.version>1.3.2</annotation-api.version>
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -131,10 +131,9 @@ public class App {
|
||||
* log requests.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
reactor
|
||||
.registerChannel(tcpChannel(16666, loggingHandler))
|
||||
.registerChannel(tcpChannel(16667, loggingHandler))
|
||||
.registerChannel(udpChannel(16668, loggingHandler))
|
||||
.registerChannel(udpChannel(16669, loggingHandler))
|
||||
.registerChannel(tcpChannel(6666, loggingHandler))
|
||||
.registerChannel(tcpChannel(6667, loggingHandler))
|
||||
.registerChannel(udpChannel(6668, loggingHandler))
|
||||
.start();
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -63,10 +63,10 @@ public class AppClient {
|
||||
*/
|
||||
public void start() throws IOException {
|
||||
LOGGER.info("Starting logging clients");
|
||||
service.execute(new TcpLoggingClient("Client 1", 16666));
|
||||
service.execute(new TcpLoggingClient("Client 2", 16667));
|
||||
service.execute(new UdpLoggingClient("Client 3", 16668));
|
||||
service.execute(new UdpLoggingClient("Client 4", 16669));
|
||||
service.execute(new TcpLoggingClient("Client 1", 6666));
|
||||
service.execute(new TcpLoggingClient("Client 2", 6667));
|
||||
service.execute(new UdpLoggingClient("Client 3", 6668));
|
||||
service.execute(new UdpLoggingClient("Client 4", 6668));
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ public class AppClient {
|
||||
|
||||
@Override
|
||||
public void run() {
|
||||
try (var socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getLocalHost(), serverPort)) {
|
||||
try (Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getLocalHost(), serverPort)) {
|
||||
var outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
|
||||
var writer = new PrintWriter(outputStream);
|
||||
sendLogRequests(writer, socket.getInputStream());
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,161 +0,0 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
layout: pattern
|
||||
title: Async Method Invocation
|
||||
folder: async-method-invocation
|
||||
permalink: /patterns/async-method-invocation/
|
||||
categories: Concurrency
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- Reactive
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 含义
|
||||
|
||||
异步方法是一种调用线程在等待任务结果时候不会被阻塞的模式。该模式提供了对多个任务的并行处理，并通过回调或等待，在所有任务完成后在提供结果读取。
|
||||
|
||||
## 解释
|
||||
|
||||
真实世界案例
|
||||
|
||||
> 发射太空火箭是一项令人兴奋的事业。在任务指挥部下达发射命令后， 经过一些未确定的时间，火箭要么成功发射，要么重演挑战者悲剧。
|
||||
|
||||
简而言之
|
||||
|
||||
> 异步方法调用开始任务处理并，在任务结果准备好之前立即返回。任务处理的结果会在稍后再返回给调用者。
|
||||
|
||||
维基百科的解释
|
||||
|
||||
> 在多线程计算机编程中，异步方法调用（AMI），也被称为异步方法调用或异步模式。这是一种设计模式，在这种模式下，调用点在等待被调用代码完成时不会被阻塞。相反，当返回点到达时，调用线程会得到通知。轮询结果是一种不受欢迎的选择。
|
||||
|
||||
**编程示例**
|
||||
|
||||
在这个例子中，我们正在发射太空火箭和部署月球车。
|
||||
|
||||
该应用演示了异步方法调用模式。该模式的关键部分是 `AsyncResult`，它是一个异步计算值的中间容器，`AsyncCallback` 可以在任务完成时提供执行行动作，`AsyncExecutor` 负责管理异步任务的执行。
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
public interface AsyncResult<T> {
|
||||
boolean isCompleted();
|
||||
T getValue() throws ExecutionException;
|
||||
void await() throws InterruptedException;
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
public interface AsyncCallback<T> {
|
||||
void onComplete(T value, Optional<Exception> ex);
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
public interface AsyncExecutor {
|
||||
<T> AsyncResult<T> startProcess(Callable<T> task);
|
||||
<T> AsyncResult<T> startProcess(Callable<T> task, AsyncCallback<T> callback);
|
||||
<T> T endProcess(AsyncResult<T> asyncResult) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException;
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
`ThreadAsyncExecutor` 是 `AsyncExecutor` 的一个实现。接下来将着重说明它的一些关键部分。
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
public class ThreadAsyncExecutor implements AsyncExecutor {
|
||||
|
||||
@Override
|
||||
public <T> AsyncResult<T> startProcess(Callable<T> task) {
|
||||
return startProcess(task, null);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@Override
|
||||
public <T> AsyncResult<T> startProcess(Callable<T> task, AsyncCallback<T> callback) {
|
||||
var result = new CompletableResult<>(callback);
|
||||
new Thread(
|
||||
() -> {
|
||||
try {
|
||||
result.setValue(task.call());
|
||||
} catch (Exception ex) {
|
||||
result.setException(ex);
|
||||
}
|
||||
},
|
||||
"executor-" + idx.incrementAndGet())
|
||||
.start();
|
||||
return result;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@Override
|
||||
public <T> T endProcess(AsyncResult<T> asyncResult)
|
||||
throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
|
||||
if (!asyncResult.isCompleted()) {
|
||||
asyncResult.await();
|
||||
}
|
||||
return asyncResult.getValue();
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
然后我们准备发射一些火箭，看看所有东西是如何一起运作的。
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
|
||||
// construct a new executor that will run async tasks
|
||||
var executor = new ThreadAsyncExecutor();
|
||||
|
||||
// start few async tasks with varying processing times, two last with callback handlers
|
||||
final var asyncResult1 = executor.startProcess(lazyval(10, 500));
|
||||
final var asyncResult2 = executor.startProcess(lazyval("test", 300));
|
||||
final var asyncResult3 = executor.startProcess(lazyval(50L, 700));
|
||||
final var asyncResult4 = executor.startProcess(lazyval(20, 400), callback("Deploying lunar rover"));
|
||||
final var asyncResult5 =
|
||||
executor.startProcess(lazyval("callback", 600), callback("Deploying lunar rover"));
|
||||
|
||||
// emulate processing in the current thread while async tasks are running in their own threads
|
||||
Thread.sleep(350); // Oh boy, we are working hard here
|
||||
log("Mission command is sipping coffee");
|
||||
|
||||
// wait for completion of the tasks
|
||||
final var result1 = executor.endProcess(asyncResult1);
|
||||
final var result2 = executor.endProcess(asyncResult2);
|
||||
final var result3 = executor.endProcess(asyncResult3);
|
||||
asyncResult4.await();
|
||||
asyncResult5.await();
|
||||
|
||||
// log the results of the tasks, callbacks log immediately when complete
|
||||
log("Space rocket <" + result1 + "> launch complete");
|
||||
log("Space rocket <" + result2 + "> launch complete");
|
||||
log("Space rocket <" + result3 + "> launch complete");
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
以下是控制台输出。
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
21:47:08.227 [executor-2] INFO com.iluwatar.async.method.invocation.App - Space rocket <test> launched successfully
|
||||
21:47:08.269 [main] INFO com.iluwatar.async.method.invocation.App - Mission command is sipping coffee
|
||||
21:47:08.318 [executor-4] INFO com.iluwatar.async.method.invocation.App - Space rocket <20> launched successfully
|
||||
21:47:08.335 [executor-4] INFO com.iluwatar.async.method.invocation.App - Deploying lunar rover <20>
|
||||
21:47:08.414 [executor-1] INFO com.iluwatar.async.method.invocation.App - Space rocket <10> launched successfully
|
||||
21:47:08.519 [executor-5] INFO com.iluwatar.async.method.invocation.App - Space rocket <callback> launched successfully
|
||||
21:47:08.519 [executor-5] INFO com.iluwatar.async.method.invocation.App - Deploying lunar rover <callback>
|
||||
21:47:08.616 [executor-3] INFO com.iluwatar.async.method.invocation.App - Space rocket <50> launched successfully
|
||||
21:47:08.617 [main] INFO com.iluwatar.async.method.invocation.App - Space rocket <10> launch complete
|
||||
21:47:08.617 [main] INFO com.iluwatar.async.method.invocation.App - Space rocket <test> launch complete
|
||||
21:47:08.618 [main] INFO com.iluwatar.async.method.invocation.App - Space rocket <50> launch complete
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 类图
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 适用场景
|
||||
|
||||
在以下场景可以使用异步调用模式
|
||||
|
||||
* 你有多有可以并行执行的独立任务
|
||||
* 你需要提高一组串行任务的性能
|
||||
* 你的处理能力有限、或者有长期运行的任务，调用者不应该等待任务所有任务运行结束
|
||||
|
||||
## 现实示例
|
||||
|
||||
* [FutureTask](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/FutureTask.html)
|
||||
* [CompletableFuture](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/CompletableFuture.html)
|
||||
* [ExecutorService](http://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/concurrent/ExecutorService.html)
|
||||
* [Task-based Asynchronous Pattern](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh873175.aspx)
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,129 +0,0 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
layout: pattern
|
||||
title: Balking
|
||||
folder: balking
|
||||
permalink: /patterns/balking/
|
||||
categories: Concurrency
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- Decoupling
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 含义
|
||||
|
||||
阻止模式用于防止一个对象在不完整或不适当的状态下执行某段代码。
|
||||
|
||||
## 解释
|
||||
|
||||
真实世界的案例
|
||||
|
||||
> 洗衣机里有一个用于启动衣物洗涤的启动按钮。当洗衣机没有启动时，该按钮可以正常按下生效，但如果洗衣机已经在洗衣服了，再按下按钮就不生效了。
|
||||
|
||||
简而言之
|
||||
|
||||
> 使用阻止模式，只有当对象处于特定状态时，才会执行某段代码。
|
||||
|
||||
维基百科的解释
|
||||
|
||||
> 阻止模式是一种软件设计模式，它只在对象处于特定状态时对其执行动作。例如，如果一个对象读取 ZIP 文件，当 ZIP 文件没有打开时，如果一个方法在该对象上调用一个获取方法，该对象就会对阻止这个请求。
|
||||
|
||||
**编程示例**
|
||||
|
||||
在这个例子的实现中，`WashingMachine` 对象存在 2 种状态： `ENABLED` 和 `WASHING`。如果该对象处于 `ENABLED` 状态，则使用一个线程安全的方法可以其状态改变为 `WASHING`。在另一方面，如果它已经处于 `WASHING` 状态，而任何其他线程执行了 `wash()`，它不会执行该指令，而是什么都不做就返回。
|
||||
|
||||
以下是 `WashingMachine` 类的相关代码。
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
@Slf4j
|
||||
public class WashingMachine {
|
||||
|
||||
private final DelayProvider delayProvider;
|
||||
private WashingMachineState washingMachineState;
|
||||
|
||||
public WashingMachine(DelayProvider delayProvider) {
|
||||
this.delayProvider = delayProvider;
|
||||
this.washingMachineState = WashingMachineState.ENABLED;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public WashingMachineState getWashingMachineState() {
|
||||
return washingMachineState;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public void wash() {
|
||||
synchronized (this) {
|
||||
var machineState = getWashingMachineState();
|
||||
LOGGER.info("{}: Actual machine state: {}", Thread.currentThread().getName(), machineState);
|
||||
if (this.washingMachineState == WashingMachineState.WASHING) {
|
||||
LOGGER.error("Cannot wash if the machine has been already washing!");
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
this.washingMachineState = WashingMachineState.WASHING;
|
||||
}
|
||||
LOGGER.info("{}: Doing the washing", Thread.currentThread().getName());
|
||||
this.delayProvider.executeAfterDelay(50, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, this::endOfWashing);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public synchronized void endOfWashing() {
|
||||
washingMachineState = WashingMachineState.ENABLED;
|
||||
LOGGER.info("{}: Washing completed.", Thread.currentThread().getId());
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
以下是 `WashingMachine` 使用的简单 `DelayProvider` 接口。
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
public interface DelayProvider {
|
||||
void executeAfterDelay(long interval, TimeUnit timeUnit, Runnable task);
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
现在我们介绍一下使用 `WashingMachine` 的应用。
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
public static void main(String... args) {
|
||||
final var washingMachine = new WashingMachine();
|
||||
var executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
|
||||
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
|
||||
executorService.execute(washingMachine::wash);
|
||||
}
|
||||
executorService.shutdown();
|
||||
try {
|
||||
executorService.awaitTermination(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
|
||||
} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
|
||||
LOGGER.error("ERROR: Waiting on executor service shutdown!");
|
||||
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
以下是程序的控制台输出。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
14:02:52.268 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO com.iluwatar.balking.WashingMachine - pool-1-thread-2: Actual machine state: ENABLED
|
||||
14:02:52.272 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO com.iluwatar.balking.WashingMachine - pool-1-thread-2: Doing the washing
|
||||
14:02:52.272 [pool-1-thread-3] INFO com.iluwatar.balking.WashingMachine - pool-1-thread-3: Actual machine state: WASHING
|
||||
14:02:52.273 [pool-1-thread-3] ERROR com.iluwatar.balking.WashingMachine - Cannot wash if the machine has been already washing!
|
||||
14:02:52.273 [pool-1-thread-1] INFO com.iluwatar.balking.WashingMachine - pool-1-thread-1: Actual machine state: WASHING
|
||||
14:02:52.273 [pool-1-thread-1] ERROR com.iluwatar.balking.WashingMachine - Cannot wash if the machine has been already washing!
|
||||
14:02:52.324 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO com.iluwatar.balking.WashingMachine - 14: Washing completed.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 类图
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 适用场景
|
||||
|
||||
在以下情况下可以使用阻止模式：
|
||||
|
||||
* 你想要在某个对象上调用一个动作，只有当该对象处于特定状态时才允许该调用。
|
||||
* 对象一般只处于容易暂时阻止的状态，只不过该时间是未知的。
|
||||
|
||||
## 教学
|
||||
|
||||
* [Guarded Suspension Pattern](https://java-design-patterns.com/patterns/guarded-suspension/)
|
||||
* [Double Checked Locking Pattern](https://java-design-patterns.com/patterns/double-checked-locking/)
|
||||
|
||||
## 引用
|
||||
|
||||
* [Patterns in Java: A Catalog of Reusable Design Patterns Illustrated with UML, 2nd Edition, Volume 1](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0471227293/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=javadesignpat-20&creative=9325&linkCode=as2&creativeASIN=0471227293&linkId=0e39a59ffaab93fb476036fecb637b99)
|
||||
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ tags:
|
||||
- Decoupling
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 含义
|
||||
## 作用
|
||||
|
||||
业务委托模式（译者：国内也有翻译成业务代表模式）在表现层和业务层之间增加了一个抽象层。通过使用该模式，我们获得了各层之间的松散耦合，并封装了关于如何定位、连接和与构成应用程序的业务对象进行交互的知识。
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ public class MobileClient {
|
||||
|
||||
* [Business Delegate Pattern at TutorialsPoint](https://www.tutorialspoint.com/design_pattern/business_delegate_pattern.htm)
|
||||
|
||||
## 引用
|
||||
## 鸣谢
|
||||
|
||||
* [J2EE Design Patterns](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0596004273/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0596004273&linkCode=as2&tag=javadesignpat-20&linkId=48d37c67fb3d845b802fa9b619ad8f31)
|
||||
* [Core J2EE Patterns: Best Practices and Design Strategies](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0130648841/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=javadesignpat-20&creative=9325&linkCode=as2&creativeASIN=0130648841&linkId=a0100de2b28c71ede8db1757fb2b5947)
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,312 +0,0 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
layout: pattern
|
||||
title: Circuit Breaker
|
||||
folder: circuit-breaker
|
||||
permalink: /patterns/circuit-breaker/
|
||||
categories: Behavioral
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- Performance
|
||||
- Decoupling
|
||||
- Cloud distributed
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 含义
|
||||
|
||||
以这样的方式（译者：指断路器方式）处理昂贵的远程服务调用，可以防止单个服务/组件的故障导致整个应用程序崩溃，同时我们可以尽快地进行服务重连。
|
||||
|
||||
## 解释
|
||||
|
||||
现实世界案例
|
||||
|
||||
> 设想一下，一个网络应用程序既有本地文件/图像，又有用于获取数据的远程服务。这些远程服务可能在某些时候是健康的、有反应的，也可能在某些时候由于各种原因而变得缓慢和无反应。因此，如果其中一个远程服务速度慢或不能成功响应，我们的应用程序将尝试使用多个线程/进程从远程服务中获取响应，很快所有的线程/进程都会挂起（也称为线程饥饿 thread starvation），从而导致我们整个 Web 应用程序崩溃。我们应该能够检测到这种情况，并向用户显示一个适当的信息，以便用户可以探索应用程序的其他部分，而不受远程服务故障的影响。同时，其他正常工作的服务应该保持运作，不受这次故障的影响。
|
||||
|
||||
简而言之
|
||||
|
||||
> 断路器允许优雅地处理失败的远程服务。当我们的应用程序的所有部分都高度解耦时，这种方式的效果会很好，一个组件的失败并不会导致其他部分停止工作。
|
||||
|
||||
维基百科的解释
|
||||
|
||||
> 断路器是现代软件开发中使用的一种设计模式。它用于检测故障，并封装了防止故障不断复发的逻辑，在维护期间，临时地处理外部系统故障或意外的系统问题。
|
||||
|
||||
## Programmatic Example
|
||||
|
||||
那么，这一切是如何实现的呢？考虑到上面的例子，我们将在一个简单的例子中模拟这个功能。一个监控服务（译者：下图的 Monitoring Service）模拟了网络应用，进行本地和远程调用。
|
||||
|
||||
该服务架构如下：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
终端用户（译者：上图的 End User）应用的代码如下：
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
@Slf4j
|
||||
public class App {
|
||||
|
||||
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(App.class);
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Program entry point.
|
||||
*
|
||||
* @param args command line args
|
||||
*/
|
||||
public static void main(String[] args) {
|
||||
|
||||
var serverStartTime = System.nanoTime();
|
||||
|
||||
var delayedService = new DelayedRemoteService(serverStartTime, 5);
|
||||
var delayedServiceCircuitBreaker = new DefaultCircuitBreaker(delayedService, 3000, 2,
|
||||
2000 * 1000 * 1000);
|
||||
|
||||
var quickService = new QuickRemoteService();
|
||||
var quickServiceCircuitBreaker = new DefaultCircuitBreaker(quickService, 3000, 2,
|
||||
2000 * 1000 * 1000);
|
||||
|
||||
//Create an object of monitoring service which makes both local and remote calls
|
||||
var monitoringService = new MonitoringService(delayedServiceCircuitBreaker,
|
||||
quickServiceCircuitBreaker);
|
||||
|
||||
//Fetch response from local resource
|
||||
LOGGER.info(monitoringService.localResourceResponse());
|
||||
|
||||
//Fetch response from delayed service 2 times, to meet the failure threshold
|
||||
LOGGER.info(monitoringService.delayedServiceResponse());
|
||||
LOGGER.info(monitoringService.delayedServiceResponse());
|
||||
|
||||
//Fetch current state of delayed service circuit breaker after crossing failure threshold limit
|
||||
//which is OPEN now
|
||||
LOGGER.info(delayedServiceCircuitBreaker.getState());
|
||||
|
||||
//Meanwhile, the delayed service is down, fetch response from the healthy quick service
|
||||
LOGGER.info(monitoringService.quickServiceResponse());
|
||||
LOGGER.info(quickServiceCircuitBreaker.getState());
|
||||
|
||||
//Wait for the delayed service to become responsive
|
||||
try {
|
||||
LOGGER.info("Waiting for delayed service to become responsive");
|
||||
Thread.sleep(5000);
|
||||
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
|
||||
e.printStackTrace();
|
||||
}
|
||||
//Check the state of delayed circuit breaker, should be HALF_OPEN
|
||||
LOGGER.info(delayedServiceCircuitBreaker.getState());
|
||||
|
||||
//Fetch response from delayed service, which should be healthy by now
|
||||
LOGGER.info(monitoringService.delayedServiceResponse());
|
||||
//As successful response is fetched, it should be CLOSED again.
|
||||
LOGGER.info(delayedServiceCircuitBreaker.getState());
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
监控服务代码（译者：上图的 monitoring service）：
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
public class MonitoringService {
|
||||
|
||||
private final CircuitBreaker delayedService;
|
||||
|
||||
private final CircuitBreaker quickService;
|
||||
|
||||
public MonitoringService(CircuitBreaker delayedService, CircuitBreaker quickService) {
|
||||
this.delayedService = delayedService;
|
||||
this.quickService = quickService;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
//Assumption: Local service won't fail, no need to wrap it in a circuit breaker logic
|
||||
public String localResourceResponse() {
|
||||
return "Local Service is working";
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Fetch response from the delayed service (with some simulated startup time).
|
||||
*
|
||||
* @return response string
|
||||
*/
|
||||
public String delayedServiceResponse() {
|
||||
try {
|
||||
return this.delayedService.attemptRequest();
|
||||
} catch (RemoteServiceException e) {
|
||||
return e.getMessage();
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Fetches response from a healthy service without any failure.
|
||||
*
|
||||
* @return response string
|
||||
*/
|
||||
public String quickServiceResponse() {
|
||||
try {
|
||||
return this.quickService.attemptRequest();
|
||||
} catch (RemoteServiceException e) {
|
||||
return e.getMessage();
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
可以看出，它直接进行了获取本地资源的调用，但它把对远程（昂贵的）服务的调用包装在一个断路器对象中，这样可以防止出现如下故障：
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
public class DefaultCircuitBreaker implements CircuitBreaker {
|
||||
|
||||
private final long timeout;
|
||||
private final long retryTimePeriod;
|
||||
private final RemoteService service;
|
||||
long lastFailureTime;
|
||||
private String lastFailureResponse;
|
||||
int failureCount;
|
||||
private final int failureThreshold;
|
||||
private State state;
|
||||
private final long futureTime = 1000 * 1000 * 1000 * 1000;
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Constructor to create an instance of Circuit Breaker.
|
||||
*
|
||||
* @param timeout Timeout for the API request. Not necessary for this simple example
|
||||
* @param failureThreshold Number of failures we receive from the depended service before changing
|
||||
* state to 'OPEN'
|
||||
* @param retryTimePeriod Time period after which a new request is made to remote service for
|
||||
* status check.
|
||||
*/
|
||||
DefaultCircuitBreaker(RemoteService serviceToCall, long timeout, int failureThreshold,
|
||||
long retryTimePeriod) {
|
||||
this.service = serviceToCall;
|
||||
// We start in a closed state hoping that everything is fine
|
||||
this.state = State.CLOSED;
|
||||
this.failureThreshold = failureThreshold;
|
||||
// Timeout for the API request.
|
||||
// Used to break the calls made to remote resource if it exceeds the limit
|
||||
this.timeout = timeout;
|
||||
this.retryTimePeriod = retryTimePeriod;
|
||||
//An absurd amount of time in future which basically indicates the last failure never happened
|
||||
this.lastFailureTime = System.nanoTime() + futureTime;
|
||||
this.failureCount = 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Reset everything to defaults
|
||||
@Override
|
||||
public void recordSuccess() {
|
||||
this.failureCount = 0;
|
||||
this.lastFailureTime = System.nanoTime() + futureTime;
|
||||
this.state = State.CLOSED;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@Override
|
||||
public void recordFailure(String response) {
|
||||
failureCount = failureCount + 1;
|
||||
this.lastFailureTime = System.nanoTime();
|
||||
// Cache the failure response for returning on open state
|
||||
this.lastFailureResponse = response;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// Evaluate the current state based on failureThreshold, failureCount and lastFailureTime.
|
||||
protected void evaluateState() {
|
||||
if (failureCount >= failureThreshold) { //Then something is wrong with remote service
|
||||
if ((System.nanoTime() - lastFailureTime) > retryTimePeriod) {
|
||||
//We have waited long enough and should try checking if service is up
|
||||
state = State.HALF_OPEN;
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
//Service would still probably be down
|
||||
state = State.OPEN;
|
||||
}
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
//Everything is working fine
|
||||
state = State.CLOSED;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@Override
|
||||
public String getState() {
|
||||
evaluateState();
|
||||
return state.name();
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Break the circuit beforehand if it is known service is down Or connect the circuit manually if
|
||||
* service comes online before expected.
|
||||
*
|
||||
* @param state State at which circuit is in
|
||||
*/
|
||||
@Override
|
||||
public void setState(State state) {
|
||||
this.state = state;
|
||||
switch (state) {
|
||||
case OPEN:
|
||||
this.failureCount = failureThreshold;
|
||||
this.lastFailureTime = System.nanoTime();
|
||||
break;
|
||||
case HALF_OPEN:
|
||||
this.failureCount = failureThreshold;
|
||||
this.lastFailureTime = System.nanoTime() - retryTimePeriod;
|
||||
break;
|
||||
default:
|
||||
this.failureCount = 0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
/**
|
||||
* Executes service call.
|
||||
*
|
||||
* @return Value from the remote resource, stale response or a custom exception
|
||||
*/
|
||||
@Override
|
||||
public String attemptRequest() throws RemoteServiceException {
|
||||
evaluateState();
|
||||
if (state == State.OPEN) {
|
||||
// return cached response if the circuit is in OPEN state
|
||||
return this.lastFailureResponse;
|
||||
} else {
|
||||
// Make the API request if the circuit is not OPEN
|
||||
try {
|
||||
//In a real application, this would be run in a thread and the timeout
|
||||
//parameter of the circuit breaker would be utilized to know if service
|
||||
//is working. Here, we simulate that based on server response itself
|
||||
var response = service.call();
|
||||
// Yay!! the API responded fine. Let's reset everything.
|
||||
recordSuccess();
|
||||
return response;
|
||||
} catch (RemoteServiceException ex) {
|
||||
recordFailure(ex.getMessage());
|
||||
throw ex;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
上述模式是如何防止失败的呢？让我们通过它所实现的这个有限状态机来了解。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- 我们用 `timeout`（超时）、 `failureThreshold` （失败阈值）、`retryTimePeriod`（重试时间周期） 参数初始化断路器对象 ，用于确定 API 的适应性。
|
||||
- 最初，断路器处于 `closed` 关闭状态，没有发生对 API 的远程调用。
|
||||
- 每次调用成功，我们就把状态重置为开始时的样子。
|
||||
- 如果失败的次数超过了一定的阈值（`failureThreshold`），断路器就会进入 `open` 开启状态，它的作用就像一个开启的电路，阻止远程服务的调用，从而节省资源。
|
||||
- 一旦我们超过重试时间周期（`retryTimePeriod`），断路器就会转到 `half-open` 半启用状态，并再次调用远程服务，检查服务是否正常，以便我们可以提供最新的响应内容。如果远程服务调用失败会使断路器回到 `open` 状态，并在重试超时后进行另一次尝试；如果远程服务调用成功则使断路器进入 `closed` 状态，这样一切又开始正常工作。
|
||||
|
||||
## 类图
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 适用场景
|
||||
|
||||
在以下场景下，可以使用断路器模式：
|
||||
|
||||
- 构建一个高可用的应用程序，某些些服务的失败不会导致整个应用程序的崩溃。
|
||||
- 构建一个持续运行（长期在线）的应用程序，以便其组件可以在不完全关闭的情况下进行升级。
|
||||
|
||||
## 相关模式
|
||||
|
||||
- [Retry Pattern](https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/tree/master/retry)
|
||||
|
||||
## 现实案例
|
||||
|
||||
* [Spring Circuit Breaker module](https://spring.io/guides/gs/circuit-breaker)
|
||||
* [Netflix Hystrix API](https://github.com/Netflix/Hystrix)
|
||||
|
||||
## 引用
|
||||
|
||||
* [Understanding Circuit Breaker Pattern](https://itnext.io/understand-circuitbreaker-design-pattern-with-simple-practical-example-92a752615b42)
|
||||
* [Martin Fowler on Circuit Breaker](https://martinfowler.com/bliki/CircuitBreaker.html)
|
||||
* [Fault tolerance in a high volume, distributed system](https://medium.com/netflix-techblog/fault-tolerance-in-a-high-volume-distributed-system-91ab4faae74a)
|
||||
* [Circuit Breaker pattern](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/patterns/circuit-breaker)
|
||||
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
layout: pattern
|
||||
title: Collection Pipeline
|
||||
folder: collection-pipeline
|
||||
permalink: /patterns/collection-pipeline/
|
||||
categories: Functional
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- Reactive
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 释义
|
||||
**集合管道（Collection Pipeline）**包含**函数组合（Function Composition）**和**集合管道（Collection Pipeline）**两组合概念，这是两种函数式编程模式，你可以在代码中结合这两种模式来进行集合迭代。
|
||||
在函数式编程中，可以通过一系列较小的模块化函数或操作来编排复杂的操作。这一系列函数被称为函数组合。当一个数据集合流经一个函数组合时，它就成为一个集合管道。函数组合和集合管道是函数式编程中经常使用的两种设计模式。
|
||||
|
||||
## 类图
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 适用场景
|
||||
在以下场景适用集合管道模式：
|
||||
|
||||
* 当你想执行一组连续的算子操作，其中一个算子收集的输出需要被输入到下一个算子中
|
||||
* 当你在代码中需要使用大量的中间状态语句时
|
||||
* 当你在代码中使用大量的循环语句时
|
||||
|
||||
## 引用
|
||||
|
||||
* [Function composition and the Collection Pipeline pattern](https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/j-java8idioms2/index.html)
|
||||
* [Martin Fowler](https://martinfowler.com/articles/collection-pipeline/)
|
||||
* [Java8 Streams](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/stream/package-summary.html)
|
||||
@@ -1,121 +0,0 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
layout: pattern
|
||||
title: Composite Entity
|
||||
folder: composite-entity
|
||||
permalink: /patterns/composite-entity/
|
||||
categories: Structural
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- Enterprise Integration Pattern
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 含义
|
||||
|
||||
复合实体模式用于对一组相关联的持久化对象进行建模、描述和管理，用于取代对这组对象描述为单独粒度的实体。
|
||||
|
||||
## 解释
|
||||
|
||||
现实例子
|
||||
|
||||
> 对于一个控制台对象，需要管理许多接口功能。通过使用复合实体模式，将消息对象、信号对象等依赖性对象组合在一起，直接使用单个对象对其进行控制。
|
||||
|
||||
简单地说
|
||||
|
||||
> 复合实体模式允许使用一个统一对象来管理一组相互关联的对象
|
||||
|
||||
**编程示例**
|
||||
|
||||
我们需要一个通用的解决方案来解决上述的控制台问题。我们引入了以下的通用复合对象。
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
public abstract class DependentObject<T> {
|
||||
|
||||
T data;
|
||||
|
||||
public void setData(T message) {
|
||||
this.data = message;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public T getData() {
|
||||
return data;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public abstract class CoarseGrainedObject<T> {
|
||||
|
||||
DependentObject<T>[] dependentObjects;
|
||||
|
||||
public void setData(T... data) {
|
||||
IntStream.range(0, data.length).forEach(i -> dependentObjects[i].setData(data[i]));
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public T[] getData() {
|
||||
return (T[]) Arrays.stream(dependentObjects).map(DependentObject::getData).toArray();
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
专用的 `console` 复合实体继承自这个基类，如下所示。
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
public class MessageDependentObject extends DependentObject<String> {
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public class SignalDependentObject extends DependentObject<String> {
|
||||
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public class ConsoleCoarseGrainedObject extends CoarseGrainedObject<String> {
|
||||
|
||||
@Override
|
||||
public String[] getData() {
|
||||
super.getData();
|
||||
return new String[]{
|
||||
dependentObjects[0].getData(), dependentObjects[1].getData()
|
||||
};
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public void init() {
|
||||
dependentObjects = new DependentObject[]{
|
||||
new MessageDependentObject(), new SignalDependentObject()};
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public class CompositeEntity {
|
||||
|
||||
private final ConsoleCoarseGrainedObject console = new ConsoleCoarseGrainedObject();
|
||||
|
||||
public void setData(String message, String signal) {
|
||||
console.setData(message, signal);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public String[] getData() {
|
||||
return console.getData();
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
现在我们使用 `console` 复合实体来进行消息对象、信号对象的分配。
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
var console = new CompositeEntity();
|
||||
console.init();
|
||||
console.setData("No Danger", "Green Light");
|
||||
Arrays.stream(console.getData()).forEach(LOGGER::info);
|
||||
console.setData("Danger", "Red Light");
|
||||
Arrays.stream(console.getData()).forEach(LOGGER::info);
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 类图
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 适用场景
|
||||
|
||||
复合实体模式适用于以下场景：
|
||||
|
||||
* 你想要通过一个对象来管理多个依赖对象，已调整对象之间的细化程度。同时将依赖对象的生命周期托管到这个粗粒度的复合实体对象。
|
||||
## 引用
|
||||
|
||||
* [Composite Entity Pattern in wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_entity_pattern)
|
||||
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
layout: pattern
|
||||
title: Data Bus
|
||||
folder: data-bus
|
||||
permalink: /patterns/data-bus/
|
||||
|
||||
categories: Architectural
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- Decoupling
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 含义
|
||||
|
||||
数据总线模式（译者：实际上，就是 Event-Bus 消息总线模式）允许在一个应用程序的组件之间收发消息/事件，而不需要这些组件相互感知，它们只需要知道所发送/接收的消息/事件的类型即可。
|
||||
|
||||
## 类图
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 适用场景
|
||||
可以在以下场景使用数据总线模式：
|
||||
|
||||
* 你希望由你的组件自己决定要接收哪些信息/事件
|
||||
* 你希望实现多对多的通信
|
||||
* 你希望你的组件不需要感知彼此
|
||||
|
||||
## 相关模式
|
||||
数据总线类似于以下设计模式：
|
||||
|
||||
* 中介者模式（Mediator pattern），由数据总线成员自己决定是否要接受任何给定的消息。
|
||||
* 观察者模式（Observer pattern），但进一步支持了多对多的通信。
|
||||
* 发布/订阅模式（Publish/Subscribe pattern），但是数据总线将发布者和订阅者解耦。
|
||||
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
layout: pattern
|
||||
title: Data Mapper
|
||||
folder: data-mapper
|
||||
permalink: /patterns/data-mapper/
|
||||
categories: Architectural
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- Decoupling
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 含义
|
||||
一个用于在持久化对象和数据库之间传输数据的映射器，同时保持它们之间和映射器本身的独立性。
|
||||
|
||||
## 类图
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 适用场景
|
||||
数据映射器适用于以下场景：
|
||||
|
||||
* 当你想把数据对象从数据库访问层解耦时时
|
||||
* 当你想编写多个数据查询/持久化实现时
|
||||
|
||||
## 引用
|
||||
|
||||
* [Data Mapper](http://richard.jp.leguen.ca/tutoring/soen343-f2010/tutorials/implementing-data-mapper/)
|
||||
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
layout: pattern
|
||||
title: Double Checked Locking
|
||||
folder: double-checked-locking
|
||||
permalink: /patterns/double-checked-locking/
|
||||
categories: Idiom
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- Performance
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 含义
|
||||
通过先测试锁定标准（"锁提示"）而不实际获取锁的方式来减少获取锁的开销。只有当锁定标准检查表明需要锁定时，才进行实际的锁定逻辑。
|
||||
|
||||
## 类图
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 适用场景
|
||||
在以下场景适合使用双重锁检查模式：
|
||||
|
||||
* 在创建对象时有存在并发的访问。如单例模式中，你想创建同一个类的单个实例，如果存在两个或更多的线程对实例进行判空，仅仅检查该该实例是否为空可能是不够的。
|
||||
* 在一个方法上存在并发访问，该方法的行为是根据一些约束条件而改变，而这些约束条件在该方法中也会发生变化。
|
||||
@@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
layout: pattern
|
||||
title: Factory Kit
|
||||
folder: factory-kit
|
||||
permalink: /patterns/factory-kit/
|
||||
categories: Creational
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- Extensibility
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 含义
|
||||
使用分离的构建器和工厂接口来定义一个不可变内容的工厂。
|
||||
|
||||
## 类图
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 适用场景
|
||||
工厂套件模式适用于与以下场景：
|
||||
|
||||
* 一个类无法预知它需要创建的对象的类别
|
||||
- 你只是想要一个新的自定义构建器(builder)的实例，而非全局的构建器
|
||||
- 你明确地想要定义对象的类型，而且工厂可以创建这些对象
|
||||
- 你想要分离构建器(builder)和创建器(creator)接口
|
||||
|
||||
## 引用
|
||||
|
||||
* [Design Pattern Reloaded by Remi Forax: ](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-k2X7guaArU)
|
||||
@@ -1,141 +0,0 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
layout: pattern
|
||||
title: Factory
|
||||
folder: factory
|
||||
permalink: /patterns/factory/
|
||||
categories: Creational
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- Gang of Four
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 也被称为
|
||||
|
||||
* 简单工厂
|
||||
* 静态工厂方法
|
||||
|
||||
## 含义
|
||||
|
||||
在工厂类中提供一个封装的静态工厂方法，用于隐藏对象初始化细节，使客户端代码可以专注于使用，而不用关心类的初始化过程。
|
||||
|
||||
## 解释
|
||||
|
||||
现实例子
|
||||
|
||||
>
|
||||
> 假设我们有一个需要连接到 SQL Server 的 Web 应用，但现在我们需要切换到连接 Oracle。为了不修改现有代码的情况下做到这一点，我们需要实现简单工厂模式。在这种模式下，可以通过调用一个静态方法来创建与给定数据库的连接。
|
||||
|
||||
维基百科
|
||||
|
||||
> 工厂类是一个用于创建其他对象的对象 -- 从形式上看，工厂方法是一个用于返回不同原型或类型的函数或方法。
|
||||
|
||||
**编程示例**
|
||||
|
||||
我们有一个 `Car` 接口，以及实现类 `Ford`, `Ferrari`。
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
public interface Car {
|
||||
String getDescription();
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public class Ford implements Car {
|
||||
|
||||
static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is Ford.";
|
||||
|
||||
@Override
|
||||
public String getDescription() {
|
||||
return DESCRIPTION;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public class Ferrari implements Car {
|
||||
|
||||
static final String DESCRIPTION = "This is Ferrari.";
|
||||
|
||||
@Override
|
||||
public String getDescription() {
|
||||
return DESCRIPTION;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Enumeration above represents types of cars that we support (`Ford` and `Ferrari`).
|
||||
|
||||
以下的枚举用于表示支持的 `Car` 类型（`Ford` 和 `Ferrari`）
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
public enum CarType {
|
||||
|
||||
FORD(Ford::new),
|
||||
FERRARI(Ferrari::new);
|
||||
|
||||
private final Supplier<Car> constructor;
|
||||
|
||||
CarType(Supplier<Car> constructor) {
|
||||
this.constructor = constructor;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
public Supplier<Car> getConstructor() {
|
||||
return this.constructor;
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
接着我们实现了一个静态方法 `getCar` 用于封装工厂类 `CarsFactory` 创建 `Car` 具体对象实例的细节。
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
public class CarsFactory {
|
||||
|
||||
public static Car getCar(CarType type) {
|
||||
return type.getConstructor().get();
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
现在我们可以在客户端代码中通过工厂类创建不同类型的 `Car` 对象实例。
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
var car1 = CarsFactory.getCar(CarType.FORD);
|
||||
var car2 = CarsFactory.getCar(CarType.FERRARI);
|
||||
LOGGER.info(car1.getDescription());
|
||||
LOGGER.info(car2.getDescription());
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
程序输出：
|
||||
|
||||
```java
|
||||
This is Ford.
|
||||
This is Ferrari.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 类图
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 适用场景
|
||||
|
||||
在你只关心对象的创建，但不关心如何创建、管理它的时候，请使用简单工厂模式。
|
||||
|
||||
**优点**
|
||||
|
||||
* 可以把对象创建代码集中在一个地方，避免在代码库存散布 "new" 关键字。
|
||||
* 可以让代码更加低耦合。它的一些主要优点包括更好的可测试性、更好的可读性、组件可替换性、可拓展性、更好的隔离性。
|
||||
|
||||
**缺点**
|
||||
|
||||
* 会使代码变得比原来的更加复杂一些。
|
||||
|
||||
## 现实案例
|
||||
|
||||
* [java.util.Calendar#getInstance()](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Calendar.html#getInstance--)
|
||||
* [java.util.ResourceBundle#getBundle()](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/ResourceBundle.html#getBundle-java.lang.String-)
|
||||
* [java.text.NumberFormat#getInstance()](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/text/NumberFormat.html#getInstance--)
|
||||
* [java.nio.charset.Charset#forName()](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/nio/charset/Charset.html#forName-java.lang.String-)
|
||||
* [java.net.URLStreamHandlerFactory#createURLStreamHandler(String)](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/net/URLStreamHandlerFactory.html) (Returns different singleton objects, depending on a protocol)
|
||||
* [java.util.EnumSet#of()](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/EnumSet.html#of(E))
|
||||
* [javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext#createMarshaller()](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/javax/xml/bind/JAXBContext.html#createMarshaller--) and other similar methods.
|
||||
|
||||
## 相关模式
|
||||
|
||||
* [Factory Method](https://java-design-patterns.com/patterns/factory-method/)
|
||||
* [Factory Kit](https://java-design-patterns.com/patterns/factory-kit/)
|
||||
* [Abstract Factory](https://java-design-patterns.com/patterns/abstract-factory/)
|
||||
|
||||
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
|
||||
---
|
||||
layout: pattern
|
||||
title: Sharding
|
||||
folder: sharding
|
||||
permalink: /patterns/sharding/
|
||||
categories: Behavioral
|
||||
tags:
|
||||
- Performance
|
||||
- Cloud distributed
|
||||
---
|
||||
|
||||
## 含义
|
||||
分片模式是指将数据存储划分为水平分区或分片。每个分片都有相同的模式，但持有自己独特的数据子集。
|
||||
|
||||
一个分片本身就是一个数据存储（它可以包含许多不同类型的实体的数据），运行在作为存储节点的服务器上。
|
||||
|
||||
## 类图
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
## 适用场景
|
||||
这种设计模式提供了一下的好处：
|
||||
|
||||
- 你可以通过增加在额外的存储节点上，运行的更多分片来实现系统扩容。
|
||||
- 系统可以使用现成的廉价硬件，而不是为每个存储节点使用专门（或者昂贵）的服务器硬件。
|
||||
- 你可以通过平衡各分片之间的工作负载来减少竞争，以提高性能。
|
||||
- 在云环境中，分片可以在物理上靠近访问该节点数据的用户。
|
||||
|
||||
## 引用
|
||||
|
||||
* [Sharding pattern](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/patterns/sharding)
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user