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11 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
8d2d005634 docs: update .all-contributorsrc [skip ci] 2021-04-26 08:17:06 +00:00
666224e068 docs: update README.md [skip ci] 2021-04-26 08:17:05 +00:00
09b577f634 task: Add Composite Entity pattern (#1705)
* add composite entity pattern

* add composite entity pattern

* Update ReactorTest.java

* resolve some code quality problems

* modified a lot

* remove some extra codes

* modified README

* removed the author name and adjusted the spacing

Co-authored-by: zwebrain <11811721@mail.sustech.edu.cn>
Co-authored-by: Subhrodip Mohanta <hello@subho.xyz>
2021-04-26 13:45:52 +05:30
2fce2e44e2 docs: Chinese translations updates (#1706)
* add state and callback pattern

* add command and template-method pattern

* add iterator pattern

* add bridege and DI pattern

* fix issue #1600

* add converter,proxy,visitor pattern

* add caching,composite,delegation,dirty-flag,interpreter patterns

* add dao and producer-consumer

* add dto and provate class data pattern

* fix #1646 png path problems

* fix #1646 composite png path case problem

* add abstract document pattern and version-number pattern

* add ambassador pattern

* add acyclic-visitor and api-gateway pattern

* add abstract-factory pattern

* add active-object pattern

* add aggregator-microservices and arrange-act-assert pattern

Co-authored-by: Mike <admin@xiaod.info>
Co-authored-by: Subhrodip Mohanta <hello@subho.xyz>
Co-authored-by: Ilkka Seppälä <iluwatar@users.noreply.github.com>
2021-04-26 13:28:01 +05:30
b3a1749bd0 docs: add eas5 as a contributor (#1711)
* docs: update README.md [skip ci]

* docs: update .all-contributorsrc [skip ci]

Co-authored-by: allcontributors[bot] <46447321+allcontributors[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Subhrodip Mohanta <hello@subho.xyz>
2021-04-26 13:06:33 +05:30
af0ccdc6e1 refactoring: Added parameterization to enumeration test (#1698)
Signed-off-by: Elvys Soares <eas5@cin.ufpe.br>

Co-authored-by: Subhrodip Mohanta <hello@subho.xyz>
2021-04-22 11:47:45 +05:30
323dd63e66 update distribution for java to 'adpot' (#1699) 2021-04-18 12:53:19 +03:00
be3250bd0d Set version for the next development iteration 2021-04-05 14:57:36 +03:00
1222f12b99 Set version number for milestone 1.24.0 2021-04-05 14:56:36 +03:00
965d38f139 docs: add ohbus as a contributor (#1695)
* docs: update README.md [skip ci]

* docs: update .all-contributorsrc [skip ci]

Co-authored-by: allcontributors[bot] <46447321+allcontributors[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Ilkka Seppälä <iluwatar@users.noreply.github.com>
2021-03-28 18:20:04 +03:00
eb8f9db575 #590 add explanation for caching pattern (#1693)
Co-authored-by: Subhrodip Mohanta <hello@subho.xyz>
2021-03-28 16:32:29 +05:30
181 changed files with 2353 additions and 179 deletions

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@ -1132,7 +1132,8 @@
"profile": "http://subho.xyz",
"contributions": [
"code",
"review"
"review",
"maintenance"
]
},
{
@ -1450,6 +1451,24 @@
"review",
"code"
]
},
{
"login": "eas5",
"name": "Elvys Soares",
"avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/50836521?v=4",
"profile": "https://github.com/eas5",
"contributions": [
"code"
]
},
{
"login": "zWeBrain",
"name": "zWeBrain",
"avatar_url": "https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/46642512?v=4",
"profile": "https://github.com/zWeBrain",
"contributions": [
"code"
]
}
],
"contributorsPerLine": 4,

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@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ jobs:
uses: actions/setup-java@master
with:
java-version: 11
distribution: 'adopt'
- name: Cache SonarCloud packages
uses: actions/cache@master

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@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ jobs:
uses: actions/setup-java@master
with:
java-version: 11
distribution: 'adopt'
- name: Cache Maven Dependecies
uses: actions/cache@master

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@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
[![Coverage](https://sonarcloud.io/api/project_badges/measure?project=iluwatar_java-design-patterns&metric=coverage)](https://sonarcloud.io/dashboard?id=iluwatar_java-design-patterns)
[![Join the chat at https://gitter.im/iluwatar/java-design-patterns](https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg)](https://gitter.im/iluwatar/java-design-patterns?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge)
<!-- ALL-CONTRIBUTORS-BADGE:START - Do not remove or modify this section -->
[![All Contributors](https://img.shields.io/badge/all_contributors-159-orange.svg?style=flat-square)](#contributors-)
[![All Contributors](https://img.shields.io/badge/all_contributors-161-orange.svg?style=flat-square)](#contributors-)
<!-- ALL-CONTRIBUTORS-BADGE:END -->
<br/>
@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/ashish-trivedi-218379135/"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/23194128?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Ashish Trivedi</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ashishtrivedi16" title="Code">💻</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://rayyounghong.com"><img src="https://avatars1.githubusercontent.com/u/41055099?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>洪月阳</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=RayYH" title="Code">💻</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://xdvrx1.github.io/"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/47092464?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>xdvrx1</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Axdvrx1" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a> <a href="#ideas-xdvrx1" title="Ideas, Planning, & Feedback">🤔</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="http://subho.xyz"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/13291222?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Subhrodip Mohanta</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ohbus" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Aohbus" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="http://subho.xyz"><img src="https://avatars0.githubusercontent.com/u/13291222?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Subhrodip Mohanta</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=ohbus" title="Code">💻</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Aohbus" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a> <a href="#maintenance-ohbus" title="Maintenance">🚧</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/nahteb"><img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/13121570?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Bethan Palmer</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=nahteb" title="Code">💻</a></td>
@ -313,6 +313,10 @@ This project is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.
<td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/noamgrinch"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/31648669?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Noam Greenshtain</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=noamgrinch" title="Code">💻</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://xuyonghong.cn/"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/14086462?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>yonghong Xu</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=qfxl" title="Documentation">📖</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/jinisha-vora"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/40777762?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>jinishavora</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/pulls?q=is%3Apr+reviewed-by%3Ajinishavora" title="Reviewed Pull Requests">👀</a> <a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=jinishavora" title="Code">💻</a></td>
<td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/eas5"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/50836521?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>Elvys Soares</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=eas5" title="Code">💻</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center"><a href="https://github.com/zWeBrain"><img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/46642512?v=4?s=100" width="100px;" alt=""/><br /><sub><b>zWeBrain</b></sub></a><br /><a href="https://github.com/iluwatar/java-design-patterns/commits?author=zWeBrain" title="Code">💻</a></td>
</tr>
</table>

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@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
<parent>
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<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>abstract-document</artifactId>
<dependencies>

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@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<parent>
<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>abstract-factory</artifactId>
<dependencies>

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@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<parent>
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<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
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</parent>
<artifactId>active-object</artifactId>
<dependencies>

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@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
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</parent>
<artifactId>acyclic-visitor</artifactId>

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@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
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<artifactId>adapter</artifactId>
<dependencies>

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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
<parent>
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<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>aggregator-service</artifactId>

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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
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</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
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<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>inventory-microservice</artifactId>

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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
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<artifactId>aggregator-microservices</artifactId>

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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
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@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
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@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
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@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
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@ -10,20 +10,326 @@ tags:
---
## Intent
To avoid expensive re-acquisition of resources by not releasing
the resources immediately after their use. The resources retain their identity, are kept in some
fast-access storage, and are re-used to avoid having to acquire them again.
The caching pattern avoids expensive re-acquisition of resources by not releasing them immediately
after use. The resources retain their identity, are kept in some fast-access storage, and are
re-used to avoid having to acquire them again.
## Explanation
Real world example
> A team is working on a website that provides new homes for abandoned cats. People can post their
> cats on the website after registering, but all the new posts require approval from one of the
> site moderators. The user accounts of the site moderators contain a specific flag and the data
> is stored in a MongoDB database. Checking for the moderator flag each time a post is viewed
> becomes expensive and it's a good idea to utilize caching here.
In plain words
> Caching pattern keeps frequently needed data in fast-access storage to improve performance.
Wikipedia says:
> In computing, a cache is a hardware or software component that stores data so that future
> requests for that data can be served faster; the data stored in a cache might be the result of
> an earlier computation or a copy of data stored elsewhere. A cache hit occurs when the requested
> data can be found in a cache, while a cache miss occurs when it cannot. Cache hits are served by
> reading data from the cache, which is faster than recomputing a result or reading from a slower
> data store; thus, the more requests that can be served from the cache, the faster the system
> performs.
**Programmatic Example**
Let's first look at the data layer of our application. The interesting classes are `UserAccount`
which is a simple Java object containing the user account details, and `DbManager` which handles
reading and writing of these objects to/from MongoDB database.
```java
@Setter
@Getter
@AllArgsConstructor
@ToString
public class UserAccount {
private String userId;
private String userName;
private String additionalInfo;
}
@Slf4j
public final class DbManager {
private static MongoClient mongoClient;
private static MongoDatabase db;
private DbManager() { /*...*/ }
public static void createVirtualDb() { /*...*/ }
public static void connect() throws ParseException { /*...*/ }
public static UserAccount readFromDb(String userId) { /*...*/ }
public static void writeToDb(UserAccount userAccount) { /*...*/ }
public static void updateDb(UserAccount userAccount) { /*...*/ }
public static void upsertDb(UserAccount userAccount) { /*...*/ }
}
```
In the example, we are demonstrating various different caching policies
* Write-through writes data to the cache and DB in a single transaction
* Write-around writes data immediately into the DB instead of the cache
* Write-behind writes data into the cache initially whilst the data is only written into the DB
when the cache is full
* Cache-aside pushes the responsibility of keeping the data synchronized in both data sources to
the application itself
* Read-through strategy is also included in the aforementioned strategies and it returns data from
the cache to the caller if it exists, otherwise queries from DB and stores it into the cache for
future use.
The cache implementation in `LruCache` is a hash table accompanied by a doubly
linked-list. The linked-list helps in capturing and maintaining the LRU data in the cache. When
data is queried (from the cache), added (to the cache), or updated, the data is moved to the front
of the list to depict itself as the most-recently-used data. The LRU data is always at the end of
the list.
```java
@Slf4j
public class LruCache {
static class Node {
String userId;
UserAccount userAccount;
Node previous;
Node next;
public Node(String userId, UserAccount userAccount) {
this.userId = userId;
this.userAccount = userAccount;
}
}
/* ... omitted details ... */
public LruCache(int capacity) {
this.capacity = capacity;
}
public UserAccount get(String userId) {
if (cache.containsKey(userId)) {
var node = cache.get(userId);
remove(node);
setHead(node);
return node.userAccount;
}
return null;
}
public void set(String userId, UserAccount userAccount) {
if (cache.containsKey(userId)) {
var old = cache.get(userId);
old.userAccount = userAccount;
remove(old);
setHead(old);
} else {
var newNode = new Node(userId, userAccount);
if (cache.size() >= capacity) {
LOGGER.info("# Cache is FULL! Removing {} from cache...", end.userId);
cache.remove(end.userId); // remove LRU data from cache.
remove(end);
setHead(newNode);
} else {
setHead(newNode);
}
cache.put(userId, newNode);
}
}
public boolean contains(String userId) {
return cache.containsKey(userId);
}
public void remove(Node node) { /* ... */ }
public void setHead(Node node) { /* ... */ }
public void invalidate(String userId) { /* ... */ }
public boolean isFull() { /* ... */ }
public UserAccount getLruData() { /* ... */ }
public void clear() { /* ... */ }
public List<UserAccount> getCacheDataInListForm() { /* ... */ }
public void setCapacity(int newCapacity) { /* ... */ }
}
```
The next layer we are going to look at is `CacheStore` which implements the different caching
strategies.
```java
@Slf4j
public class CacheStore {
private static LruCache cache;
/* ... details omitted ... */
public static UserAccount readThrough(String userId) {
if (cache.contains(userId)) {
LOGGER.info("# Cache Hit!");
return cache.get(userId);
}
LOGGER.info("# Cache Miss!");
UserAccount userAccount = DbManager.readFromDb(userId);
cache.set(userId, userAccount);
return userAccount;
}
public static void writeThrough(UserAccount userAccount) {
if (cache.contains(userAccount.getUserId())) {
DbManager.updateDb(userAccount);
} else {
DbManager.writeToDb(userAccount);
}
cache.set(userAccount.getUserId(), userAccount);
}
public static void clearCache() {
if (cache != null) {
cache.clear();
}
}
public static void flushCache() {
LOGGER.info("# flushCache...");
Optional.ofNullable(cache)
.map(LruCache::getCacheDataInListForm)
.orElse(List.of())
.forEach(DbManager::updateDb);
}
/* ... omitted the implementation of other caching strategies ... */
}
```
`AppManager` helps to bridge the gap in communication between the main class and the application's
back-end. DB connection is initialized through this class. The chosen caching strategy/policy is
also initialized here. Before the cache can be used, the size of the cache has to be set. Depending
on the chosen caching policy, `AppManager` will call the appropriate function in the `CacheStore`
class.
```java
@Slf4j
public final class AppManager {
private static CachingPolicy cachingPolicy;
private AppManager() {
}
public static void initDb(boolean useMongoDb) { /* ... */ }
public static void initCachingPolicy(CachingPolicy policy) { /* ... */ }
public static void initCacheCapacity(int capacity) { /* ... */ }
public static UserAccount find(String userId) {
if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.THROUGH || cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.AROUND) {
return CacheStore.readThrough(userId);
} else if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.BEHIND) {
return CacheStore.readThroughWithWriteBackPolicy(userId);
} else if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.ASIDE) {
return findAside(userId);
}
return null;
}
public static void save(UserAccount userAccount) {
if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.THROUGH) {
CacheStore.writeThrough(userAccount);
} else if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.AROUND) {
CacheStore.writeAround(userAccount);
} else if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.BEHIND) {
CacheStore.writeBehind(userAccount);
} else if (cachingPolicy == CachingPolicy.ASIDE) {
saveAside(userAccount);
}
}
public static String printCacheContent() {
return CacheStore.print();
}
/* ... details omitted ... */
}
```
Here is what we do in the main class of the application.
```java
@Slf4j
public class App {
public static void main(String[] args) {
AppManager.initDb(false);
AppManager.initCacheCapacity(3);
var app = new App();
app.useReadAndWriteThroughStrategy();
app.useReadThroughAndWriteAroundStrategy();
app.useReadThroughAndWriteBehindStrategy();
app.useCacheAsideStategy();
}
public void useReadAndWriteThroughStrategy() {
LOGGER.info("# CachingPolicy.THROUGH");
AppManager.initCachingPolicy(CachingPolicy.THROUGH);
var userAccount1 = new UserAccount("001", "John", "He is a boy.");
AppManager.save(userAccount1);
LOGGER.info(AppManager.printCacheContent());
AppManager.find("001");
AppManager.find("001");
}
public void useReadThroughAndWriteAroundStrategy() { /* ... */ }
public void useReadThroughAndWriteBehindStrategy() { /* ... */ }
public void useCacheAsideStategy() { /* ... */ }
}
```
Finally, here is some of the console output from the program.
```
12:32:53.845 [main] INFO com.iluwatar.caching.App - # CachingPolicy.THROUGH
12:32:53.900 [main] INFO com.iluwatar.caching.App -
--CACHE CONTENT--
UserAccount(userId=001, userName=John, additionalInfo=He is a boy.)
----
```
## Class diagram
![alt text](./etc/caching.png "Caching")
## Applicability
Use the Caching pattern(s) when
* Repetitious acquisition, initialization, and release of the same resource causes unnecessary performance overhead.
* Repetitious acquisition, initialization, and release of the same resource cause unnecessary
performance overhead.
## Related patterns
* [Proxy](https://java-design-patterns.com/patterns/proxy/)
## Credits
* [Write-through, write-around, write-back: Cache explained](http://www.computerweekly.com/feature/Write-through-write-around-write-back-Cache-explained)
* [Read-Through, Write-Through, Write-Behind, and Refresh-Ahead Caching](https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E15357_01/coh.360/e15723/cache_rtwtwbra.htm#COHDG5177)
* [Cache-Aside pattern](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/patterns/cache-aside)
* [Java EE 8 High Performance: Master techniques such as memory optimization, caching, concurrency, and multithreading to achieve maximum performance from your enterprise applications](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/178847306X/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=javadesignpat-20&creative=9325&linkCode=as2&creativeASIN=178847306X&linkId=e948720055599f248cdac47da9125ff4)
* [Java Performance: In-Depth Advice for Tuning and Programming Java 8, 11, and Beyond](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1492056111/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=javadesignpat-20&creative=9325&linkCode=as2&creativeASIN=1492056111&linkId=7e553581559b9ec04221259e52004b08)
* [Effective Java](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B078H61SCH/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=javadesignpat-20&creative=9325&linkCode=as2&creativeASIN=B078H61SCH&linkId=f06607a0b48c76541ef19c5b8b9e7882)
* [Java Performance: The Definitive Guide: Getting the Most Out of Your Code](https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1449358454/ref=as_li_qf_asin_il_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=javadesignpat-20&creative=9325&linkCode=as2&creativeASIN=1449358454&linkId=475c18363e350630cc0b39ab681b2687)

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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
<parent>
<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>caching</artifactId>
<dependencies>

View File

@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ package com.iluwatar.caching;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.util.Optional;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
/**
* AppManager helps to bridge the gap in communication between the main class and the application's
@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ import java.util.Optional;
* Depending on the chosen caching policy, AppManager will call the appropriate function in the
* CacheStore class.
*/
@Slf4j
public final class AppManager {
private static CachingPolicy cachingPolicy;
@ -50,7 +52,7 @@ public final class AppManager {
try {
DbManager.connect();
} catch (ParseException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
LOGGER.error("Error connecting to MongoDB", e);
}
} else {
DbManager.createVirtualDb();

View File

@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ import com.mongodb.client.model.UpdateOptions;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.bson.Document;
/**
@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ import org.bson.Document;
* underlying data storage (connect()) or a simple Java data structure to (temporarily) store the
* data/objects during runtime (createVirtualDB()).</p>
*/
@Slf4j
public final class DbManager {
private static MongoClient mongoClient;
@ -83,7 +85,7 @@ public final class DbManager {
try {
connect();
} catch (ParseException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
LOGGER.error("Error connecting to MongoDB", e);
}
}
var iterable = db
@ -110,7 +112,7 @@ public final class DbManager {
try {
connect();
} catch (ParseException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
LOGGER.error("Error connecting to MongoDB", e);
}
}
db.getCollection(CachingConstants.USER_ACCOUNT).insertOne(
@ -132,7 +134,7 @@ public final class DbManager {
try {
connect();
} catch (ParseException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
LOGGER.error("Error connecting to MongoDB", e);
}
}
db.getCollection(CachingConstants.USER_ACCOUNT).updateOne(
@ -153,7 +155,7 @@ public final class DbManager {
try {
connect();
} catch (ParseException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
LOGGER.error("Error connecting to MongoDB", e);
}
}
db.getCollection(CachingConstants.USER_ACCOUNT).updateOne(

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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
<parent>
<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>callback</artifactId>
<dependencies>

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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
<parent>
<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>chain</artifactId>
<dependencies>

View File

@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
<parent>
<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>circuit-breaker</artifactId>
<dependencies>

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@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
<parent>
<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>collection-pipeline</artifactId>
<dependencies>

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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
<parent>
<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>combinator</artifactId>

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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
<parent>
<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>command</artifactId>
<dependencies>

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@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
<parent>
<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>commander</artifactId>
<dependencies>

122
composite-entity/README.md Normal file
View File

@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
---
layout: pattern
title: Composite Entity
folder: composite-entity
permalink: /patterns/composite-entity/
categories: Structural
tags:
- Enterprise Integration Pattern
---
## Intent
It is used to model, represent, and manage a set of persistent objects that are interrelated, rather than representing them as individual fine-grained entities.
## Explanation
Real world example
> For a console, there may be many interfaces that need to be managed and controlled. Using the composite entity pattern, dependent objects such as messages and signals can be combined together and controlled using a single object.
In plain words
> Composite entity pattern allows a set of related objects to be represented and managed by a unified object.
**Programmatic Example**
We need a generic solution for the problem. To achieve this, let's introduce a generic
Composite Entity Pattern.
```java
public abstract class DependentObject<T> {
T data;
public void setData(T message) {
this.data = message;
}
public T getData() {
return data;
}
}
public abstract class CoarseGrainedObject<T> {
DependentObject<T>[] dependentObjects;
public void setData(T... data) {
IntStream.range(0, data.length).forEach(i -> dependentObjects[i].setData(data[i]));
}
public T[] getData() {
return (T[]) Arrays.stream(dependentObjects).map(DependentObject::getData).toArray();
}
}
```
The specialized composite entity `console` inherit from this base class as follows.
```java
public class MessageDependentObject extends DependentObject<String> {
}
public class SignalDependentObject extends DependentObject<String> {
}
public class ConsoleCoarseGrainedObject extends CoarseGrainedObject<String> {
@Override
public String[] getData() {
super.getData();
return new String[]{
dependentObjects[0].getData(), dependentObjects[1].getData()
};
}
public void init() {
dependentObjects = new DependentObject[]{
new MessageDependentObject(), new SignalDependentObject()};
}
}
public class CompositeEntity {
private final ConsoleCoarseGrainedObject console = new ConsoleCoarseGrainedObject();
public void setData(String message, String signal) {
console.setData(message, signal);
}
public String[] getData() {
return console.getData();
}
}
```
Now managing the assignment of message and signal objects with the composite entity `console`.
```java
var console = new CompositeEntity();
console.init();
console.setData("No Danger", "Green Light");
Arrays.stream(console.getData()).forEach(LOGGER::info);
console.setData("Danger", "Red Light");
Arrays.stream(console.getData()).forEach(LOGGER::info);
```
## Class diagram
![alt text](./etc/composite_entity.urm.png "Composite Entity Pattern")
## Applicability
Use the Composite Entity Pattern in the following situation:
* You want to manage multiple dependency objects through one object to adjust the degree of granularity between objects. At the same time, the lifetime of dependency objects depends on a coarse-grained object.
## Credits
* [Composite Entity Pattern in wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composite_entity_pattern)

View File

@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
@startuml
package com.iluwatar.compositeentity {
class App {
+ App(message: String, signal: String)
+ main(args : String[]) {static}
}
class CompositeEntity{
- console : ConsoleCoarseGrainedObject
+ CompositeEntity()
+ setData(message: String, signal: String)
+ getData()
+ init()
}
abstract CoarseGrainedObject{
- dependentObjects : DependentObject[]
+ CoarseGrainedObject()
+ setData(data: T[])
+ getData()
}
abstract DependentObject{
- data : T
+ DependentObject()
+ setData(data: T)
+ getData()
}
class ConsoleCoarseGrainedObject{
+ ConsoleCoarseGrainedObject()
+ getData()
+ init()
}
class MessageDependentObject{
+ MessageDependentObject()
}
class SignalDependentObject{
+ SignalDependentObject()
}
MessageDependentObject --|> DependentObject
SignalDependentObject --|> DependentObject
ConsoleCoarseGrainedObject --|> CoarseGrainedObject
CompositeEntity -right-> ConsoleCoarseGrainedObject
CoarseGrainedObject "1" o--> "0.." DependentObject
App .right.> CompositeEntity
}
@enduml

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composite-entity/pom.xml Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>composite-entity</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
<executions>
<execution>
<configuration>
<archive>
<manifest>
<mainClass>com.iluwatar.composite-entity.com.iluwatar.compositeentity.App</mainClass>
</manifest>
</archive>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>

View File

@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
package com.iluwatar.compositeentity;
import java.util.Arrays;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
/**
* Composite entity is a Java EE Software design pattern and it is used to model, represent, and
* manage a set of interrelated persistent objects rather than representing them as individual
* fine-grained entity beans, and also a composite entity bean represents a graph of objects.
*/
@Slf4j
public class App {
/**
* An instance that a console manages two related objects.
*/
public App(String message, String signal) {
var console = new CompositeEntity();
console.init();
console.setData(message, signal);
Arrays.stream(console.getData()).forEach(LOGGER::info);
console.setData("Danger", "Red Light");
Arrays.stream(console.getData()).forEach(LOGGER::info);
}
/**
* Program entry point.
*
* @param args command line args
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
new App("No Danger", "Green Light");
}
}

View File

@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
package com.iluwatar.compositeentity;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.stream.IntStream;
/**
* A coarse-grained object is an object with its own life cycle manages its own relationships to
* other objects. It can be an object contained in the composite entity, or, composite entity itself
* can be the coarse-grained object which holds dependent objects.
*/
public abstract class CoarseGrainedObject<T> {
DependentObject<T>[] dependentObjects;
public void setData(T... data) {
IntStream.range(0, data.length).forEach(i -> dependentObjects[i].setData(data[i]));
}
public T[] getData() {
return (T[]) Arrays.stream(dependentObjects).map(DependentObject::getData).toArray();
}
}

View File

@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
package com.iluwatar.compositeentity;
/**
* Composite entity is the coarse-grained entity bean which may be the coarse-grained object, or may
* contain a reference to the coarse-grained object.
*/
public class CompositeEntity {
private final ConsoleCoarseGrainedObject console = new ConsoleCoarseGrainedObject();
public void setData(String message, String signal) {
console.setData(message, signal);
}
public String[] getData() {
return console.getData();
}
public void init() {
console.init();
}
}

View File

@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
package com.iluwatar.compositeentity;
/**
* A specific CoarseGrainedObject to implement a console.
*/
public class ConsoleCoarseGrainedObject extends CoarseGrainedObject<String> {
@Override
public String[] getData() {
return new String[]{
dependentObjects[0].getData(), dependentObjects[1].getData()
};
}
public void init() {
dependentObjects = new DependentObject[]{
new MessageDependentObject(), new SignalDependentObject()};
}
}

View File

@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
package com.iluwatar.compositeentity;
/**
* It is an object, which can contain other dependent objects (there may be a tree of objects within
* the composite entity), that depends on the coarse-grained object and has its life cycle managed
* by the coarse-grained object.
*/
public abstract class DependentObject<T> {
T data;
public void setData(T message) {
this.data = message;
}
public T getData() {
return data;
}
}

View File

@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
package com.iluwatar.compositeentity;
/**
* The first DependentObject to show message.
*/
public class MessageDependentObject extends DependentObject<String> {
}

View File

@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
package com.iluwatar.compositeentity;
/**
* The second DependentObject to show message.
*/
public class SignalDependentObject extends DependentObject<String> {
}

View File

@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
package com.iluwatar.compositeentity;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertDoesNotThrow;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
/**
* com.iluwatar.compositeentity.App running test
*/
class AppTest {
/**
* Issue: Add at least one assertion to this test case.
* <p>
* Solution: Inserted assertion to check whether the execution of the main method in {@link
* App#main(String[])} throws an exception.
*/
@Test
void shouldExecuteApplicationWithoutException() {
assertDoesNotThrow(() -> App.main(new String[]{}));
}
}

View File

@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
package com.iluwatar.compositeentity;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
class PersistenceTest {
final static ConsoleCoarseGrainedObject console = new ConsoleCoarseGrainedObject();
@Test
void dependentObjectChangedForPersistenceTest() {
MessageDependentObject dependentObject = new MessageDependentObject();
console.init();
console.dependentObjects[0] = dependentObject;
String message = "Danger";
assertNull(console.dependentObjects[0].getData());
dependentObject.setData(message);
assertEquals(message, console.dependentObjects[0].getData());
}
@Test
void coarseGrainedObjectChangedForPersistenceTest() {
MessageDependentObject dependentObject = new MessageDependentObject();
console.init();
console.dependentObjects[0] = dependentObject;
String message = "Danger";
assertNull(console.dependentObjects[0].getData());
console.setData(message);
assertEquals(message, dependentObject.getData());
}
}

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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
<parent>
<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>composite</artifactId>
<dependencies>

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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
<parent>
<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>converter</artifactId>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

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@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
<parent>
<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>cqrs</artifactId>
<dependencies>

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@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
<parent>
<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>dao</artifactId>

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@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
<parent>
<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>data-bus</artifactId>
<dependencies>

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@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
<parent>
<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>data-locality</artifactId>

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@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
<parent>
<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>data-mapper</artifactId>
<dependencies>

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@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
<parent>
<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>data-transfer-object</artifactId>
<dependencies>

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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
<parent>
<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>decorator</artifactId>
<dependencies>

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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
<parent>
<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
<parent>
<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>dependency-injection</artifactId>
<dependencies>

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@ -29,10 +29,10 @@
<parent>
<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>dirty-flag</artifactId>
<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>dirty-flag</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>

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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
<parent>
<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

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@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
<parent>
<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>double-checked-locking</artifactId>
<dependencies>

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@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
<parent>
<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>double-dispatch</artifactId>
<dependencies>

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@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<parent>
<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>

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@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
<parent>
<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>eip-message-channel</artifactId>
<dependencies>

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@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
<parent>
<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>eip-publish-subscribe</artifactId>
<dependencies>

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@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<parent>
<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>

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@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
<parent>
<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<dependencies>

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@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
<parent>
<groupId>com.iluwatar</groupId>
<artifactId>java-design-patterns</artifactId>
<version>1.24.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<version>1.25.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>event-aggregator</artifactId>
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